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Aarti, Nimse* Dr. Sachin Kale Dr. K. R. Biyani. "Formulation And In-Vitro Testing of Quick Dissolving Tablets of Nsaids Drug Along with Musa Paradisiaca Powder." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 5 (2025): 3468–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15475438.
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Lornoxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication commonly used as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic agent. Conventional solid dosage forms are frequently linked to a faster disintegration time, but oral bioavailability is poor, with only 50% of the dose reaching systemic circulation due to substantial first pass metabolism. Because the banana powder in the fast-dissolving tablets dissolves quickly, the medication is released right away. Two to four hours is the elimination half-life. For patients at high risk of developing NSAID-induced stomach and duodenal ulcers and their consequences, lornoxicam is available as a tablet to treat the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. The medication comes in doses of 50, 75, and 100 mg per day. For quick pain relief, this dosage form must be released immediately. Therefore, an effort has been made to create lornoxicam fast-dissolving tablets in order to shorten the duration of the drug's release and provide a quicker commencement of action to alleviate pain.
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Kaur, Manpreet, Amit Mittal, Monica Gulati, Deepika Sharma, and Rajesh Kumar. "Formulation and in vitro Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Febuxostat Using Co-Processed Excipients." Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation 14, no. 1 (2020): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872211314666191224121044.
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Background: Febuxostat is a novel, orally-administered, powerful, non-purine, xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for treating gout and ceaseless tophaceous gout. The drug exhibits low bioavailability (about 49%) which is ascribed to its dissolution rate-limited absorption. Objective: The current work is aimed to provide a novel strategy to improve the dissolution profile and thus, the bioavailability of Febuxostat. Methods: Formulation of Fast Dissolving Tablets (FDT) is anticipated to provide immediate release of the drug, which in turn, will improve its dissolution profile to provide the initial surge in plasma concentration required in an acute gout attack. Incorporation of co-processed excipients in a tablet is known to improve the compressibility and disintegration characteristics of the tablets, which, in turn, result in enhanced in vitro drug release and improved bioavailability. A combination of crospovidone (it rapidly wicks saliva into the tablet to create the volume development and hydrostatic weight important to give quick disintegration) and microcrystalline cellulose (a highly compressible ingredient with good wicking and absorbing capacity) was, therefore, used as co-processed excipients. Results: The tablets were prepared by direct compression technique with the application of a 32 randomized full factorial design. The prepared tablets were able to release more than 80% of the drug within 10 minutes of the start of dissolution testing and were able to show a better drug release profile in comparison to available marketed formulation. Conclusion: So, it can be concluded that the developed fast release formulation was found to exhibit convincing in vitro results and may prove a boon in the treatment of acute gout attack after establishing in vivo potential.
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Ali, Hany S. M., Sameh A. Ahmed, Abdulmalik A. Alqurshi, Ali M. Alalawi, Ahmed M. Shehata, and Yaser M. Alahmadi. "Tadalafil-Loaded Self-Nanoemulsifying Chewable Tablets for Improved Bioavailability: Design, In Vitro, and In Vivo Testing." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 9 (2022): 1927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14091927.
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This research aimed to develop innovative self-nanoemulsifying chewable tablets (SNECT) to increase oral bioavailability of tadalafil (TDL), a nearly insoluble phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor. Cinnamon essential oil, PEG 40 hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor® RH 40), and polyethylene glycol 400 served as the oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant in the nanoemulsifying system, respectively. Primary liquid self-nanoemulsifying delivery systems (L-SNEDDS) were designed using phase diagrams and tested for dispersibility, droplet size, self-emulsifying capability, and thermodynamic stability. Adsorption on a carrier mix of silicon dioxide and microcrystalline cellulose was exploited to solidify the optimum L-SNEDDS formulation as self-nanoemulsifying granules (SNEG). Lack of crystalline TDL within the granules was verified by DSC and XRPD. SNEG were able to create a nanoemulsion instantaneously (165 nm), a little larger than the original nanoemulsion (159 nm). SNECT were fabricated by compressing SNEG with appropriate excipients. The obtained SNECT retained their quick dispersibility dissolving 84% of TDL within 30 min compared to only 18% dissolution from tablets of unprocessed TDL. A pharmacokinetic study in Sprague–Dawley rats showed a significant increase in Cmax (2.3-fold) and AUC0–24 h (5.33-fold) of SNECT relative to the unprocessed TDL-tablet (p < 0.05). The stability of TDL-SNECT was checked against dilutions with simulated GI fluids. In addition, accelerated stability tests were performed for three months at 40 ± 2 °C and 75% relative humidity. Results revealed the absence of obvious changes in size, PDI, or other tablet parameters before and after testing. In conclusion, current findings illustrated effectiveness of SNECT to enhance TDL dissolution and bioavailability in addition to facilitating dose administration.
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Prajapati, Vinitbhai*1 Himanshu Sharma2 Sagar Patra3 Sahilahmad Makarani3 Mahendrakumar Dubey1. "A Contemporary Approach to The Medicate Conveyane Through Orodispersible Tablets." International Journal of Scientific Research and Technology 1, no. 12 (2024): 29–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14285188.
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The development of dosage forms that are easy to manufacture and administer, as well as rapid release and increased bioavailability, have led to new drug delivery systems. To achieve the desired result, drugs must be delivered to the site of action at a speed and concentration that maximizes therapeutic benefits and minimizes side effects. The most popular and efficient way of drug administration is oral. Recently, many medicinal products have been released in the market. The use of lyophilizers and oral tablets or films have expanded treatment options. Both children and adults can benefit from advantages such as ease of operation and ease of use. This study focuses on oral tablets, a new approach in drug delivery systems that is increasingly gaining attention in the manufacturing industry. Due to the highly disintegrating ingredients in the formulation, an orally disintegrating tablet dissolves in the mouth in about a minute with saliva without the need to drink water. This study focuses on currently available technologies and advances in orodispersible tablet formulation. In addition to traditional manufacturing methods, this review presents some new technologies such as freeze-drying, direct compression, slab casting, shrinking and quick-melting film, and their advantages and disadvantages. their weakness. Many researchers have developed breakout boards using proprietary technologies such as Zydis, wow tab, flash tab, Oroquick and Orosolv. It applies to hardness, brittleness, wet time, moisture absorption, Disintegration, dissolution testing and other solids dosage forms measurements.
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Panjwani, Alysha, Yong Zhu, Keiichiro Kushiro, Sam Lai, and Kathleen Vincent. "Sheep Postcoital Testing to Evaluate Antibody-Based, Nonhormonal Contraceptive Tablet [ID 1459]." Obstetrics & Gynecology 145, no. 6S (2025): 64S. https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000005918.020.
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INTRODUCTION: Efficacy of on-demand nonhormonal contraception that targets and disables progressively motile sperm (PMS) can be studied through surrogate postcoital testing (PCT) in sheep models, due to similarities to human reproductive tract size and anatomy. We utilized PCT to assess the contraceptive potential of anti-sperm antibody in tablet form in vivo in sheep. METHODS: Pooled semen from five prescreened human male donors was collected and evaluated for adequate motility prior to use. Ewes (n=6) were given a quick-dissolving tablet delivering active anti-sperm antibody, a placebo tablet, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a control measure. Coital simulation included mixing tablet/PBS in the sheep vagina for 5 minutes with 15 strokes with a test tube, instilling 1 mL of semen for 2 minutes, mixing with five test tube strokes, and retrieving the semen/drug/vaginal secretion mixture for microscopic examination. Progressively motile sperm were counted via video analysis for pooled and sheep samples, reported as #PMS/high powered field (hpf), and analyzed with ANOVA (P<.05 significant). RESULTS: Pooled semen had 13.4±3.1 PMS/hpf. Control sheep (PBS) had 3.7±2.6 PMS/hpf. Sheep given the antibody tablet had 0.04±0.05 PMS/hpf, whereas the placebo had 2.7±2.0 PMS/hpf (P<.001). The antibody tablet reduced the fraction of PMS by ∼99%. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS: In clinical studies, less than 1.0 PMS/hpf has been a threshold for effective contraception; therefore, the results from this study indicate that suitably formulated tablets delivering anti-sperm antibody could serve as an effective nonhormonal contraceptive.
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Patil, Shailesh B., and Jitendra D. More. "Expansion and Valuation of Naproxen Sodium Fast Dissolving Tablet." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 23, no. 3 (2024): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18579/jopcr/v23.3.98.
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The evaluation of Naproxen Sodium Fast Dissolving Tablets emphasizes the critical role of careful formulation design and thorough testing in pharmaceutical development. Among the formulations, F7 demonstrated outstanding properties, including excellent flow characteristics and optimal tablet hardness. Stability testing over a four-week period showed consistent performance, though minor variations in tablet attributes were observed. Continuous monitoring is advised to ensure sustained efficacy. The in-vitro release profile revealed rapid disintegration and dissolution, crucial for prompt drug release. These results highlight the necessity of stringent quality control measures and ongoing optimization to enhance patient outcomes and ensure the reliability of Naproxen Sodium Fast Dissolving Tablets. In a parallel evaluation, the stability and performance of Naproxen Sodium Fast Dissolving Tablets were assessed under various environmental conditions, showing that temperature and humidity significantly impacted Naproxen Sodium concentration and dissolution rates. Formulation F7 emerged as the most promising, offering superior flow properties, compressibility, and dosage consistency. In-vitro tests confirmed rapid disintegration and dissolution, aligning with Pharmacopoeial standards. Four-week stability studies indicated consistent tablet characteristics, with only slight changes in hardness, friability, and drug content. Continued monitoring is recommended to ensure long-term stability and product quality. These findings underscore the importance of rigorous formulation optimization and stability testing to ensure reliable drug release and sustained efficacy. Keywords Naproxen Sodium Fast Dissolving Tablets, UV, HPLC, DSC, FTIR
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Bindal, Rishabh, and Arpna Indurkhya. "Formulation and Evaluation of Ketorolac Tromethamine Mouth Dissolving Tablets." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 1 (2021): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i1.4502.
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Due to more versatility and comfort, mouth dissolving tablets are the most advanced type of oral solid dosage forms. Compared to conventional tablets, it increases the effectiveness of APIs by dissolving within a minute in the oral cavity after contact with less saliva, without chewing and without the need for water for administration. Mouth Dissolving Tablets of Ketorolac tromethamine were prepared by direct compression method using various superdisintegrants like crospovidone, Croscarmellose sodium, and Sodium starch glycolate in different concentrations. Prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, disintegration time, wetting time and in vitro drug release. Results of pre-compression and post-compression studies of all formulations were found within the standard limits. The tablets of all the batches were found to release more than 80% of drug in 5 minutes, which is the desired quality of mouth dissolving tablets that helps in faster absorption of the drug and quick onset of therapeutic effect. The the order of dissolution of various disintegrants was found to be Crospovidone˃ SSG˃ CCS. There was no significant variation in drug content of drug during stability studies for selected batch F3 in accelerated conditions over three months. It was concluded from the study that fast release of Ketorolac tromethamine from formulation F3 may reduce onset of drug action with better patient compliance.
 Keywords: Crospovidone, Croscarmellose sodium, Ketorolac tromethamine, Mouth dissolving tablets, Sodium starch glycolate, superdisintegrants.
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Gurram, Syam Sundar, Nagaveni P, and Sreevalli Arigela. "Formulation and evaluation of nifedipine fast dissolving tablets." Future Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Sciences 4, no. 2 (2024): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/fjphs.v4i2.599.
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The current study aims to formulate and evaluate the fast-dissolving tablet. The optimal concentration of Guar gum super disintegrate was found to be 20 mg, with a disintegration time of 27 seconds. This study assessed the disintegration time of tablets containing natural super disintegrant for the Disintegration test at various weight concentrations (6,8,10,12,14,16,18, and 20 mg). As a result, the Nifedipine fast dissolving tablets with Guar gum super disintegrant provide a quick therapeutic effect, a high dissolve rate, and a shorter disintegration time. In this study, the use of a natural (guar gum) super disintegrating agent increases the rate of dissolution as well as length of disintegration of fast-dissolving tablets. In vitro drug release of 96% is demonstrated in 6 minutes with a disintegrating efficiency of 27 seconds for Nifedipine FDTs (guar gum). Consequently, our study has shown that formulations made with a natural super disintegrating agent exhibit shorter disintegration times as well as higher rates of dissolution along with drug release.
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Gurram, Syam Sundar. "Formulation and evaluation of nifedipine fast dissolving tablets." Formulation and evaluation of nifedipine fast dissolving tablets 4, no. 2 (2025): 32–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14651206.
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The current study aims to formulate and evaluate the fast-dissolving tablet. The optimal concentration of Guar gum super disintegrate was found to be 20 mg, with a disintegration time of 27 seconds. This study assessed the disintegration time of tablets containing natural super disintegrant for the Disintegration test at various weight concentrations (6,8,10,12,14,16,18, and 20 mg). As a result, the Nifedipine fast dissolving tablets with Guar gum super disintegrant provide a quick therapeutic effect, a high dissolve rate, and a shorter disintegration time. In this study, the use of a natural (guar gum) super disintegrating agent increases the rate of dissolution as well as length of disintegration of fast-dissolving tablets. In vitro drug release of 96% is demonstrated in 6 minutes with a disintegrating efficiency of 27 seconds for Nifedipine FDTs (guar gum). Consequently, our study has shown that formulations made with a natural super disintegrating agent exhibit shorter disintegration times as well as higher rates of dissolution along with drug release.
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Sukhavasi, Sudheshnababu, and V. Sai Kishore. "Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving tablets of amlodipine besylate by using Fenugreek seed mucilage and Ocimum basilicum gum." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 1, no. 9 (2012): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i9.11614.
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Fast dissolving/disintegrating tablets have received ever-increasing demand during the last decade, and the field has became a rapidly growing area in the pharmaceutical area. Particularly the fast dissolving drug delivery systems formulated with natural polymers have more demand because natural materials like gums and mucilages have been extensively used in the field of drug delivery for their easy availability, ease administration, non toxicity, non irritant nature etc. The main aim of the present study was to formulate the fast dissolving tablets of amlodipine besylate tablets using Fenugreek seed mucilage and Ocimum basilicum gum as a natural superdisintegrating agents to achieve quick onset of action, is to increase the water uptake with in shortest wetting time and there by decrease the disintegration time of the tablets by simple and cost effective direct compression technique. Pre-compression parameters like angle of repose and post-compression parameters like wetting time, water absorption ratio, in-vitro disintegration and in-vitro dispersion time were studied. The hardness, friability and drug content of all the formulations were found to be within the limits. The best formulations FFGK5 & FOB5 have shown good disintegration time, hardness and friability. The best formulations were also found to be stable. Optimized formulation was subjected to stability studies as per ICH guidelines and it insignificant change in hardness, disintegration time and in vitro drug release.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i9.11614 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(9): 243-249
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Venkateswara, Rao. S* Rodhay. G. &. Padmalatha. K. "DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLETS OF TELMISARTAN BY USING DIFFERENT SUPER DISINTEGRANTS." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH 07, no. 09 (2017): 707–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1036331.
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The present research was carried out to develop mouth dissolving tablets using superdisintegrants and improve the solubility ultimately bioavailability of Telmisartan by encapsulating it inside the cavity of β-cyclodextrin. Mouth dissolving tablets improve the oral bioavailability by enhancing the drug disintegration and release of drug particles from the dosage form, which enable quick and direct delivery into the circulatory system by avoiding first pass metabolism. Total nine batches of mouth dissolving tablets were prepared using superdisintegrants like Crosscarmellose sodium (CCS), Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG) and Crosspovidone (CP) by direct compression method. Precompression parameters (Angle of repose, Carr’s index and Hausner ratio) were in acceptable range as per the specifications given in IP. Prepared tablets were evaluated for thickness, uniformity of weight, hardness, friability and the results were well within IP limits. Out of the nine formulations developed, the F7 – F9 formulations containing CP as super disintegrant had exhibited the gratifying results when compared with the other two. The results conclude that F9 is the best formulation containing 40 mg of CP. It showed the superlative results in terms of disintegration time, wetting time and In vitro drug release. F9 had low wetting time 8.22 sec, low in vitro disintegration time (5 sec), high water absorption ratio (180%) and highest drug release profile (99.81%) which releases the drug within 12 minute. The different kinetic models revealed that drug release followed zero order and diffusion mechanism. It was concluded from the results that prepared mouth dissolving tablets might decrease dosing frequency, enhance bioavailability, improves patient compliance, rapid onset of action and avoid first pass metabolism, which was the objective of the present work.
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Moghal, Md Mizanur Rahman, Sujit Chandra Mazumder, Dilshad Noor Lira, and Abu Shara Shamsur Rouf. "Fabrication and in vitro Evaluation of Allopurinol Fast Dissolving Tablets Using Croscarmellose Sodium, Sodium Starch Glycolate and Crospovidone as Superdisintegrants." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 1 (2016): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v15i1.29199.
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The main objective of the study was to formulate fast dissolving tablets of allopurinol to achieve better dissolution rate and further improving the bioavailability to provide a quick onset of action. Nine formulations of fast dissolving tablets of allopurinol were prepared by direct compression technique using croscarmellose sodium (Group A), sodium starch glycolate (Group B) and crospovidone (Group C) as superdisintegrants in different concentrations. All formulations showed satisfactory mechanical strength, uniform weight & drug content, and lesser wetting time & dispersion time. In vitro disintegration time, dispersion time, wetting time of all nine formulations were obtained from 11.67±0.88 to 40.67±1.20 seconds, 32.67±0.88 to 65.33±1.45 seconds and 21.67±0.33 to 50.00±1.53 seconds respectively. Amongst all formulations, formulation F-9 prepared by 4.17% crospovidone showed least disintegrating time of 11.67±0.88 seconds along with rapid drug release (98.88% within 15 minutes).Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 15(1): 73-81, 2016 (June)
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Rao, Y. Srinivasa, and K. Adinarayana Reddy. "Design and In vivo Evaluation of Palonosetron HCl Mouth Dissolving Films in the Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Vomiting." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 10, no. 6 (2017): 3929–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2017.10.6.9.
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Fast dissolving oral delivery systems are solid dosage forms, which disintegrate or dissolve within 1 minute in the mouth without drinking water or chewing. Mouth dissolving film (MDF) is a better alternate to oral disintegrating tablets due to its novelty, ease of use and the consequent patient compliance. The purpose of this work was to develop mouth dissolving oral films of palonosetron HCl, an antiemetic drug especially used in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. In the present work, the films were prepared by using solvent casting method with various polymers HPMC E3, E5 & E15 as a film base synthetic polymer, propylene glycol as a plasticizer and maltodextrin and other polymers. Films were found to be satisfactory when evaluated for thickness, in vitro drug release, folding endurance, drug content and disintegration time. The surface pH of all the films was found to be neutral. The in vitro drug release of optimized formulation F29 was found to be 99.55 ± 6.3 7% in 7 min. The optimized formulation F29 also showed satisfactory surface pH, drug content (99.38 ± 0.08 %), disintegration time of 8 seconds and good stability. FTIR data revealed that no interaction takes place between the drug and polymers used in the optimized formulation. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the films confirmed their potential as an innovative dosage form to improve delivery and quick onset of action of Palonosetron Hydrochloride. Therefore, the mouth dissolving film of palonosetron is potentially useful for the treatment of emesis disease where quick onset of action is desired, also improved patient compliance.
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Kanathe, Pooja, Ruchi Jain, Nilesh Jain, and Surendra Kumar Jain. "Formulation and Evaluation of Orodispersible Tablet of Fluvastatin Sodium." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 1 (2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i1.4498.
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The purpose of this research work is to formulate and evaluate the Orodispersible tablet of Fluvastatin Sodium to enhance the bioavailability and effectiveness of the drug. The objectives of the drug work were to formulate and evaluate Orodispersible tablets of Fluvastatin Sodium, having adequate mechanical strength, rapid disintegration, and fast action. Precompression parameters like angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index & post-compression parameters like wetting time, water absorption ratio, in-vitro disintegration, and in-vitro dispersion time were studied. The hardness, friability, and drug content of all the formulations were found to be within the limits. The best formulation PK09 has shown good disintegration time, dissolution time, and dispersion time. The optimized formulation of batch PK9 gave the best in-vitro release of 99.60% in 3min in phosphate buffer pH 6.8. The release of the drug followed the matrix diffusion mechanism as compared to the commercial formulation. Formulation PK9 gives quick disintegration and better drug release. Hence it can be concluded that the formulation of PK9 is stable and effective for quick action and it is an alternative to the conventional tablets.
 Keywords: Orodispersible Tablets, Fluvastatin Sodium, Fast dissolving/disintegrating tablets, GIT, bioavailability, first-pass metabolism, superdisintegrants
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Arora, V., S. Kumar, P. B. Mishra, and N. Vashisht. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLETS OF RANITIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE." INDIAN DRUGS 52, no. 09 (2015): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.52.09.p0013.
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In present research work, taste masked Mouth Dissolving Tablets (MDTs) of Ranitidine Hydrochloride were designed with a view to enhance the patient compliance and provide a quick onset of action. Taste masking of the drug was done by formation of complex with β cyclodextrin. Tablets were prepared by direct compression, using superdisintegrants like crosscarmellose sodium and crosspovidone in different proportion and evaluated for the pre-compression parameters such as bulk density, compressibility, angle of repose etc. In view of the better taste palatability of such a bitter API, taste masking was carried out via making the cyclodextrin complex and sucralose was used as the sweetener to impart a palatable taste to the formulation. The prepared batches of tablets were evaluated for hardness, weight variation, friability, drug content, disintegration time and in vitro dissolution profile and found satisfactory. Among all, the formulation F7 containing 5% w/w proportion of both crosscarmellose sodium and crosspovidone was considered to be best formulation, which disintegrated completely in 19 seconds and released up to 98.38% of the drug.
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T.AYYAPPAN, A.V.ARCHANA, B.MANOJ, and .T.AYYAPPAN Dr. "Studies on Formulation and in-Vitro Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Tablets Containing Telmisartan by using Box-Benkhen Design." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 8, no. 2 (2023): 206–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7648002.
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New era is an era of novel drug delivery systems. Pediatric, Geriatric and bed ridden patients have difficulties in swallowing tablets. The purpose of the present study was to develop and characterize mouth dissolving tablets of Telmisartan by using direct compression technique. Formulations were designed by factorial design technique. Sodium Saccharine, Cross povidone and Banana powder were used as a superdisintegrants while microcrystalline cellulose was used as diluents. The powder blends were prepared and evaluated for the properties such as angle of repose, loose bulk density, tapped bulk density, carr’s compressibility index and hausner’s ratio. Tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content, disintegration time, water absorption ratio, in vitro drug release in methanol. Formulation containing Crospovidone and Sodium Saccharine in higher concentration showed a rapid disintegration, wetting and in vitro drug release as compared to other formulations. Dispersion time indicate complete dispersion of formulation . Quick dispersion of formulations favours fast disintegration of formulations. The perturbation plot shows the super disintegration has the major contribution on prepared dosage form .
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Mohammed Abdelrahman1,2*, Mohamed A. M. Elhassan1, Alaa Alsadig Alzain1, et al. "Formulation and Evaluation of Quinine sulfate Dispersible Tablets with Emphasis on Taste Masking using Cyclodextrin." Omdurman Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 3 (2022): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/ojps.v2i3.2875.
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Dispersible tablets (DTs), also termed quick dissolving, fast melting, fast dissolving, fast disintegrating and rapid dissolving tablets, are uncoated or film-coated tablets intended to be dispersed in water before administration giving a homogeneous dispersion. Conventional quinine tablets have bitter taste when broken or dispersed to allow administration for children. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides whose structural feature gives a hydrophobic interior and a hydrophilic exterior are widely used to increase the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. Recent studies showed that CDs masked taste of bitter drugs. The main objective of the present study was to formulate Quinine Sulphate as dispersible tablets via direct compression using different ratios of super-disintegrants. Three formulae were prepared (F1: Crosspovidone 5%, F2: Crosscarmellose 5% and F3: combination of crosspovidone 2.5% + crosscarmellose 2.5%). Further formulation development was done for taste improvement; four formulae were prepared based on the ratio of Quinine: Hydroxy propyl β - Cyclodextrin (HP- βCD) and the method of preparation. The prepared dispersible tablets were then evaluated for various parameters like thickness, hardness, friability, weight variation, assay of content and dispersion time. In vitro drug release profile was also determined. F3 was selected as optimized formula since it showed good dispersion time (58 sec.), acceptable limits of quality control tests and highest percentage of drug released at the end of 10 minutes. Acceptable taste for F3 was achieved when Quinine was complex at the ratio of 1:2 Quinine HP- βCD and the complex dried from water as solvent. More studies using other concentrations and/or complication methods for Cyclodextrin or other approaches are recommended for better taste masking.
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LINKU, ABRAHAM, and JOSEPH SIJIMOL. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING ORAL FILM OF ANTI-ALLERGIC DRUG." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 6, no. 3 (2018): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v6i3.374.
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The aim of present work was the development of fast dissolving oral film of Loratadine to overcome the limitations of current routes of administration, to provide immediate action and increase the patient compliance. To improve the bioavailability of the drug, fast dissolving oral film were formulated using different grades of Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose(HPMC) and various plasticizers like Polyethylene Glycol(PEG) 400, glycerol, Propylene glycol(PG) by solvent casting method. The formulated films were evaluated for film thickness, surface pH, folding endurance, weight variation, % moisture loss, exvivo permeation study, tensile strength, % elongation, drug content uniformity, in vitro dissolution studies,in vitro disintegration test and in vivo study. The optimized formulation (F9) containing HPMC E5 and glycerol showed minimum disintegration time (10.5 s), highest in vitrodissolution (92.5%) and satisfactory stability. Ex vivo permeation study of optimized formulation showed a drug release of 80.6% within 10 min. The milk induced leucocytosis inrat proved that fast dissolving oral films of Loratadine produced a faster onset of action compared to the conventional tablets. These findings suggest that fast dissolving oral film of Loratadine could be potentially useful for treatment of allergy where quick onset of action is required.
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Alkufi, Hussein, Abdul_Ghaffar S. Alkanani, Saja H. Muhareb, Ahmed K. Alhamidawi, Mathab A. Shahad, and Sara H. Abd. "Quality Assessment of Brands and Generic in Atorvastatin Tablets Available in Iraq-thi-Qar." Journal of Medical and Health Studies 4, no. 2 (2023): 08–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jmhs.2023.4.2.2.
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Hypolipidemic agents have been shown to be helpful in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Statins are frequently administered to treat hyperlipidemia. Although there are many statins on the market today, atorvastatin is the one that is most frequently recommended. The medications must meet the required physical qualities and contain the right quantity of active medicinal components. The primary goal of the study was to assess the value of several brands of atorvastatin calcium tablets sold in Iraq.Methods: In this study, the in vitro dissolving test, disintegration, friability, and hardness tests of the innovator product coded as (AT-1) and the generic brands (coded as AT-2) of atorvastatin tablets 20 mg available in Iraq were assessed. Drug analysis was done using a spectrophotometric technique. At a 240 nm wavelength, atorvastatin was found. The researched products released more than 90% of the atorvastatin in 30 minutes, per the findings of the dissolving testing. In under 30 minutes, the brands AT-1 and AT-2 showed a release of atorvastatin of over 95% and 86%, respectively. Our research revealed that the generic brand AT-2 and the innovator atorvastatin (AT-1) were of high pharmaceutical grade. In vitro dissolution, friability, disintegration, and hardness tests required by the pharmacopoeia were all passed by generic and innovator of atorvastatin tablets sold in the Iraqi market. Therefore, it was concluded that these generics might be utilized interchangeably by focusing on their in vitro release characteristics.
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Acharya, A., G. B. K. Kumar, P. Goudanavar, and K. Dhakal. "Various approaches to enhance the dissolution of Lornoxicam fast dissolving tablets prepared by using different categories of superdisintegrants: A comparative study." Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences 4, no. 1 (2018): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v4i1.21147.
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Background: Recent developments in fast dissolving tablets have brought convenience in dosing to pediatric and elderly patients who have trouble in swallowing tablets.The main objective of the present study is to formulate fast dissolving tablet of Lornoxicam by direct compression method.Methods: Guar gum and crospovidone were used as natural and synthetic superdisintegrants respectively. Fast dissolving tablet of Lornoxicam were prepared by direct compression technique using three different approaches; superdisintegrant addition, sublimation, and solid dispersion.Results: IR and DSC studies showed no interaction between the drug and the excipients. All formulation showed disintegration time ranging from 16.09-42.54 second. Wetting time and disintegration time decreased by increasing the super disintegrant concentration from 2.5% to 5% w/w. Formulae L16 gave the best in- vitro disintegration and dissolution results, which would be due to swelling effect of Gaur gum and amorphization of the drug during the solid dispersion preparation.The best formulation L16 was subjected to stability testing for 3 month and results showed no significant change in appearance, hardness, drug content and dissolution profile of the tablets, hence tablet is stable throughout its stability studies.Conclusion: It was concluded that fast dissolving tablets of Lornoxicam were formulated successfully with desired characteristics which disintegrated rapidly; provided rapid onset of action; and enhanced the patient convenience and compliance.JMMIHS,2018;4(1):86-102
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Pande, V. V., A. A. Patel, V. P. Patel, and P. V. Khedkar. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING FILM OF FOSINOPRIL." INDIAN DRUGS 55, no. 12 (2018): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.55.12.11461.
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The mouth dissolving film overcomes the shortfalls of conventional quick dispersing/dissolving intraoral tablets. Fosinopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of chronic heart failure.It undergoes extensive hepatic first pass metabolism, with bioavailability being only 36%. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to formulate fast dissolving film of fosinopril sodium by Solvent casting method using various film forming polymers such as HPMC 5cps, HPMC E-3, HPMC E-15 each being varied at three different concentration(6%,8%,10%). Drug-excipient compatibility studies were carried out by FTIR spectroscopy and DSC. in order to establish compatibility between drug and excipients The results revealed that the drug and excipients were satisfactorily compatible, without any significant changes in the chemical nature of the drug. Prepared films were subjected to different evaluation parameters such as folding endurance, physical appearance, %moisture absorption,drug content uniformity, in vitro disintegration time, in vitro dissolution studies and stability studies. All the formulations show name accurred compliance with pharmacopoeial standards. The stability study shows that no significant changes in films after one month study. Results revealed that the formulations F1 containing 6% HPMC 5cps showed better release property, low disintegration time, good folding endurance and good physical appearance compared to other formulations, so it was selected as the best formulation.
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Pervaiz, Rabia, Nida Amjad, and Hafsa Ibrar. "Fabrication and evaluation of tizanidine hydrochloride fast dissolving films." Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy 3, no. 2 (2020): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.56770/jcp2019323.
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Tizanidine Hydrochloride is widely used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis spastic diplegia back pain or certaininjuries to the spine or CNS. Objective: The present work aimed at preparing quick release films of tizanidine HClwith the purpose of developing a dosage form for a very quick onset of action, which is beneficial in managingspasms and increased muscle tone, aiding in the enhancement of bioavailability, and is very convenient for administration, without the problem of swallowing and using water. Methods: The films of tizanidine hydrochloridewere prepared by using polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), aseither single polymer or in combination of two, by a solvent casting method. The concentration of Sodium alginate,Glycerol, Tween 80 were kept constant in all formulations. They were evaluated for physical characteristics such asuniformity of weight, thickness, folding endurance, drug content uniformity, surface pH, percentage elongation, andtensile strength, and gave satisfactory results. The formulations were subjected to disintegration, in vitro drug release tests. Results: A marked increase in the dissolution rate was exhibited by fast-dissolving films of Tizanidinehydrochloride containing HPMC as a polymer, when compared to conventional tablets. The formulation ‘F3’ wasfound to be optimized formulation. Conclusions: Fast dissolving films of tizanidine hydrochloride can be considered suitable for clinical use to relieve diplegia, back pain and injuries of spine, where a quicker onset of action for a dosage form is desirable along with the convenience of administration.
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SND, Chandra, Bharathi A, Suresh SBAV, and Shabana P. "Design and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Anti-Hypertensive Poorly Soluble Drug through 23 Factorial Designs." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 14, no. 04 (2024): 973–77. https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.14.4.7.
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The purpose of this study was to improve the anti-hypertensive effect of telmisartan fast-dissolving tablets by formulating them with a synthetic superdisintegrant. The effects of three factors—SH [A], SSG [B], and CCS [C] on dependent variables like the in vitro method, water absorption, and percent drug release at 10 minutes were investigated in this survey using three factors in a two-level (23) factorial design. The production of starch hyaluronate, a fine, freely-flowing crystalline powder, was accomplished by the esterification process. The ester bond between starch and hyaluronic acid was confirmed by FTIR analysis, and starch hyaluronate did not interact with the medication in the DSC testing. The formulation with the shortest disintegration time, TF2, took only 24±0.2 seconds to complete. In ten minutes, 93.68 ±1.32% of the medicines from the optimal composition had dissolved. Moreover, a mixture containing a 5% level of starch hyaluronate was refined and could be utilized in creating quickly dissolving tablets. This formula also improved clinical compliance during the effective treatment of hypertension. The optimized composition was able to achieve a low concentration of a novel synthetic super disintegrate in a short amount of time.
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Nagendra, R.1 Anusha B. H.2* Venkatesh K.3 Hanumanthachar Joshi4 Tanuja A. . J.5. "Innovations in Fast Disintegrating Tablet Formulation: Harnessing the Power of Super disintegrants for Rapid Oral Dissolution." International Journal in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 2 (2024): 380–91. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10673308.
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This work looks into how to improve the oral dissolving qualities of fast disintegrating tablets (FDTs) by formulating and testing them using cutting-edge super disintegrants. Modern super disintegrants have the ability to dissolve and disintegrate quickly in FDTs, which could be advantageous for patient convenience and compliance. To maximize tablet disintegration times, a variety of super disintegrants were used, such as sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone, and croscarmellose sodium. Excipients such binders, diluents, and sweeteners were carefully chosen to ensure compatibility and maintain the overall integrity of the tablet matrix. Hardness, friability, and disintegration time—three physicochemical characteristics of FDTs—were methodically assessed in order to determine how various super disintegrants affected the quality of the tablets. To evaluate the drug release characteristics of FDTs, in vitro dissolution assays were carried out utilizing recognized dissolution media. When the results were compared to those of conventional tablets, the dissolution kinetics showed the enhanced performance ascribed to the addition of super disintegrants. Evaluations of stability under both fast and extended storage settings were carried out to guarantee the long-term resilience of the developed FDTs. A thorough examination looked into how the environment might affect the tablets' chemical and physical stability.
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Badadhe, Sandip, Hanumant Bhusnar, Avinash Birajdar, Jayadeep Yadav, and Bhagwat Chavan. "Development and Validation of New Discriminative Dissolution Method for Dapagliflozin Tablets." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 14, no. 01 (2024): 396–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.14.1.58.
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In this study, we aimed to find out how well dapagliflozin worked by creating and testing a new way to dissolve the pills. We considered a great many factors, including the quantity of dissolved liquid, the liquid’s composition, and the rotational speed of the paddle. Apparatus II, or the paddle, was employed to get the perfect in-vitro breakdown profile. The dissolving media consisted of 900 mL of phosphate buffer with a pH of 6.8, and the machine was spun at a speed of 50 revolutions per minute. For the purpose of assessing the drug release method’s properties, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used. Regarding the dissolving procedure, which was found to be in compliance with regulations, all applicable laws were followed, including those of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Extensive evaluation of several attributes, including precision, sensitivity, accuracy, and stability, led to the conclusion that the outcomes were satisfactory. We examined the patterns of breakdown for many entities using a range of methodologies, including model-dependent methodology, model-independent methodology, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). According to the results, there was a great deal of overlap between the two things. Dapagliflozin tablet production and quality control could benefit from the melting test that was given and shown. This is because it can distinguish among the examined commodities according to their unique release characteristics.
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Hussain, Amjad, Sidra Nasir, Fahad Hussain, et al. "Improved Dissolution Rate of Oxcarbazepine by Centrifugal Spinning: In-Vitro and In-Vivo Implications." Proceedings 78, no. 1 (2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecp2020-08702.
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Low dissolution rates of poorly soluble drugs are the factor afflicting their bioavailability. The aim of this study is to prepare a centrifugal spinning-based formulation of a poorly soluble drug, oxcarbazepine, for the improvement of dissolution rate and hence quick action. Sucrose-based microfibers of oxcarbazepine were prepared by a centrifugal melt spinning technique using a cotton candy machine. The prepared microfibers were characterized using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), PXRD, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and FTIR. The optimum formulation was molded into tablets and tested for in vitro drug release and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies using rabbits as test animals. The results indicated that the centrifugal spinning rapidly produced dissolving microfibers (diameter are <10 µm and dissolve in few seconds). In these fibers, ~20% oxcarbazepine was loaded, and both the yield and drug loading efficiency were improved by incorporating polyvinypyrolidine (PVP) in the formulations. The dissolution studies have revealed >90% of the drug was dissolved in just 2 min as compared with drug alone that shows only 15% dissolution at this time interval. XRD and DSC analyses have shown the amorphous state of the drug in the fibers while the FTIR analysis showed chemical stability of oxcarbazepine in the fibers. In vivo studies have revealed a 2 h reduction in tmax of drug in the rabbits treated with microfibers as compared with controlled group which was given pure oxcarbazepine. The study concludes the potential of the centrifugal spinning technique for the production of drug loaded fibers that can significantly enhance the dissolution rates of poorly soluble drugs and thus produce formulations for quick action of such drugs. Furthermore, the sucrose-based formulation can enhance the palatability with the intention of attracting pediatric patients.
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Brock, Michael H., Richard J. Dansereau, and Vikram S. Patel. "Use of In Vitro and In Vivo Data in the Design, Development, and Quality Control of Sustained‐Release Decongestant Dosage Forms." Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 14, no. 4 (1994): 430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1994.tb02833.x.
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Study Objectives. To investigate the use of in vitro and in vivo data in the development of a sustained‐release, carbomer‐based dosage form (Entex LA tablets); and to compare the in vitro dissolution of pseudoephedrine from a sustained‐release, hydroxypropylcellulose‐based dosage form (Entex PSE tablets) and four branded competitors with different sustained‐release matrixes.Design. Entex LA: In vitro testing by rotating bottle method and in vivo testing as double‐blind, randomized, crossover, 24‐hour study. Entex PSE and four competitors: in vitro testing by paddle method.Setting. A pharmaceutical research and development facility.Patients. Fifteen healthy, adult, volunteer Caucasian men between ages 18 and 40 years.Main Results. Three formulations of Entex LA, varying in carbomer content by 3–5%, were studied. As carbomer content increased, in vitro dissolution rate directionally decreased. Plasma concentrations of active ingredients guaifenesin and phenylpropanolamine were also slightly although directionally decreased. The in vitro method was sensitive to small changes in carbomer content. Larger changes in carbomer content would be required to establish an in vitro‐in vivo correlation. The in vitro comparison of Entex PSE and four similar branded products showed important differences in dissolution profiles. The mean cumulative release of pseudoephedrine from Entex PSE was 39% at 1.5 hours, 62% at 4.0 hours, and 80% at 8.0 hours. The other products released pseudoephedrine more rapidly, with the two fastest‐dissolving products releasing 61–62% in the first 1.5 hours.Conclusions. Sustained‐release, polymer‐based dosage forms such as Entex LA and Entex PSE can be complex and pose special challenges in design, development, and reformulation. For Entex LA, changes in polymer concentration and dye system influenced the in vitro (dissolution) performance. In vivo (plasma) data helped establish a defined range in which carbomer concentration could be varied to achieve the best manufacturing performance without affecting product performance. For Entex PSE and four branded competitor products, the cumulative in vitro release (dissolution) of pseudoephedrine varied widely. Release from Entex PSE was more consistent and more gradual than that from some of the comparison products. Because the absorption rate of the active ingredients pseudoephedrine and guaifenesin is governed by the dissolution rate, the observed differences suggest that the products tested may differ in biologic performance. Although in vitro dissolution data may not necessarily correlate with in vivo differences in clinical safety or efficacy, the potential for unexpected product performance may be signaled by inconsistent in vitro dissolution characteristics, especially for sustained‐release dosage forms.
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Shukla, Kavita Varma, Ankita Rai, and Rekha Pathak. "Formulation Development and Evaluation of Taste Masked Oral Disintegrating Films of Atenolol by Using Natural Polymers." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 3-s (2019): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3-s.2961.
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Fast dissolving/disintegrating films/tablets have received ever-increasing demand during the last decade, and the field has become a rapidly growing area in the pharmaceutical area. Particularly the fast dissolving drug delivery systems formulated with natural polymers have more demand because natural materials like gums and mucilages have been extensively used in the field of drug delivery for their easy availability, ease administration, non toxicity, non irritant nature etc. Atenolol is β1-selective adrenergic blocking agent and widely used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. It has a bioavailability of 40-50%. The main objective of the study was to formulate taste masked oral fast disintegrating films of Atenolol to achieve a better dissolution rate by improving the bioavailability of the drug and providing quick onset of action thereby enhancing patient compliance. Oral FDF prepared by solvent casting method using water and 95% ethanol as solvents and HPMC as film forming polymer. PEG 400 was the selected plasticizers, Natural and synthetic superdisintegrants such as croscarmellose sodium (CCS), sodium starch glycolate (SSG) and fenugreek mucilage alone and also in combinations was incorporated to achieve quick onset of action, is to increase the water uptake with in shortest wetting time and there by decrease the disintegration time. The prepared films were evaluated for the drug content, weight variation, film thickness, disintegration time, folding endurance, percentage of moisture content and in vitro dissolution studies and taste mask studies on healthy human volunteers. Among all, the formulation F5 was found to be best formulation which releases 98.89% of the drug within 15 min and disintegration time is 59 sec. which was significantly high when compared to other formulation. When the regression coefficient values compared, it was observed that ‘r’ values of formulation F5 was maximum i.e 0.890 hence indicating drug release from formulations was found to follow zero order drug release kinetics.
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Bolmal, Uday, C. K. Pandey, V. Phatarpekar, N. G. Dhople, and Rajkumar Kotha. "Comparative Evaluation of Isoniazid and Rifampicin Dispersible Tablets Prepared by Direct Compression and Sublimation Methods." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 6, no. 4 (2013): 2225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2013.6.4.5.
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Dispersible tablets are gaining popularity over conventional tablets due to its increased popularity for administration to pediatric and geriatric patients as it provides quick onset of action and ease of administration. An attempt had been made, to develop dispersible tablet of isoniazid and rifampicin combination by direct compression and sublimation method, to increase the bioavailability of the anti-tubercular agents as well to provide the local delivery in the case of oral tuberculosis. Formulation F1 to F8 (2% and 4% w/w of different superdisintegrants (crospovidone, pregelatinized starch, croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate) formulated by direct compression method. The formulations containing 4% of superdisintegrants (F2, F4, F6, and F8) were selected as optimized and hence 4% of superdisintegrants were used for sublimation method (F9 to F12). The effects of sublimating material (camphor) on drug release profile and disintegration property were evaluated. Studies on two different methods showed sublimation method as a better alternative as its formulations rapidly disintegrates, disperse and shows faster drug release (in 14 min) in comparison to direct compression (in 20 min). Pre-compression parameters of formulation blends indicated good flow properties and compressibility. Simultaneous estimation was performed for calculation of drug content and % drug release. In vitro release data analysis revealed 90% drug release. F9 formulation (sublimation) showed best anti-tubercular activity. F2, F9 formulations were found to be stable even after 90 days. Hence it is evident from this study that fast dissolving tablets could be a promising delivery system for isoniazid and rifampicin with improved drug availability and better patient compliance.
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Gorde, V. D., Punit R. Rachh, Someshwar Mankar, Saurin Amin, and Prasad L. Gorde. "Formulation and development of bilayer tablet containing irbesartan and metformin hydrochloride for diabetic hypertensive patients." Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research 12, no. 4 (2024): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.69857/joapr.v12i4.589.
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Background: Hypertension is a common complication of type II diabetes. The present research work aimed to develop bilayer tablets that would manage type II diabetes patients with hypertension. The prepared bilayer tablet has an immediate-release layer of anti-hypertensive irbesartan and a sustained-release (SR) layer of anti-diabetic metformin hydrochloride. The purpose of these bilayer tablets was to increase patient compliance by converting two separate monotherapy to single combination therapy. Methodology: Several ratios of polymers, including HPMC K100M, EC, Eudragit, and Guar gum, were employed to prolong the drug release for twelve hours. An immediate-release layer of irbesartan was prepared by spherical agglomeration. The physical properties, drug content, solubility profiles, release kinetics, and stability of prepared bilayer tablets were assessed. Results and Discussion: The examination of SR granules and bilayer tablets revealed outstanding packing qualities and excellent flow properties, with bulk and tapped densities ranging from 0.39-0.46 g/cm³ and 0.42-0.55 g/cm³, respectively. In vitro dissolution tests revealed that the immediate-release layer gave an initial burst of Irbesartan. Still, the sustained-release layer of metformin showed controlled drug release over 12 hours at greater polymer concentrations. According to stability testing, the bilayer tablets' physical properties, drug content, and dissolving profiles did not change significantly. Conclusion: The bilayer tablet combination of Irbesartan and Metformin exhibited desired physical features, controlled drug release, and stability. This formulation represents a viable treatment option for diabetic hypertensive patients, offering effective and consistent management of both disorders while improving patient compliance.
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Asmaa Abdelaziz Mohamed, Firas Aziz Rahi, Amna F. Alberqdar, and Teeba Abdellatif Aziz. "In vitro Assessment of the Adsorption Efficacy of Activated Charcoal versus Kaolin on some used Medications of Narrow Index of Safety." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 33, no. 4 (2024): 96–101. https://doi.org/10.31351/vol33iss4pp96-101.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the in vitro adsorption power of activated charcoal (AC), light kaolin (LK), and heavy kaolin (HK) at a concentration of 0.2% weight-per-volume (w/v) on high dosages (10 tablets) of a variety of medications that have a narrow safety index. This will be done by testing the adsorption capacity of the three types of kaolin at the same concentration. This list includes a variety of drugs, some of which are as follows: diazepam, metoclopramide, theophylline, digoxin, and diltiazem HCL. The test was done by dissolving the pharmaceuticals from their tablets in the presence of the adsorbents while using simulated gastric fluid as the medium. This was done in order to determine how well the medications would work in the stomach. This was done in order to ascertain whether or not the method in question was successful. In order to evaluate the efficacy of these adsorbents as antidotes to treat oral overdoses of these medicines and to determine the success of this process, the goal of this treatment was to find out whether or not this treatment was successful. Activated charcoal had the capability of virtually completely absorbing all of the drugs that were put through their paces. Diazepam, metoclopramide, digoxin, and theophylline were some of the medications that were involved. Diltiazem was another one of the medicines that were involved. Both the light and heavy versions of kaolin were only able to absorb a restricted quantity of the illicit substances. The other types of adsorbents that are utilized do not compare to the capabilities of activated charcoal when it comes to the absorption of chemicals.
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Abou-Taleb, Heba A., Wesam W. Mustafa, Tarek Saad Makram, Lamiaa N. Abdelaty, Hesham Salem, and Hamdy Abdelkader. "Vardenafil Oral Dispersible Films (ODFs) with Advanced Dissolution, Palatability, and Bioavailability." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 3 (2022): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030517.
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Oral, quick response, and on demand, also known as a spontaneous oral treatment for erectile dysfunction, is highly needed by both patients and physicians. Vardenafil is selective (fewer side effects) and more effective in difficult-to-treat conditions than sildenafil. This study aims at fostering the dual objectives of using biomolecules such as artificial sweetening agents to solubilize and mask the bitterness of vardenafil loaded on biodegradable polymeric materials (PVA, MC, SA, and PVP K30) to fabricate oral, fast-dissolving films (vardenafil ODFs) in the mouth without the need for water to ingest the dosage form. Furthermore, coprecipitated-dispersed mixtures of vardenafil and three sweeteners (sorbitol, acesulfame K, and sucralose) were prepared and characterized using FTIR, DSC, and solubility studies. Moreover, eight different vardenafil ODFs were prepared using the solvent-casting method. Modified gustatory sensation test, in vitro disintegration, and release studies were performed. In addition, the optimized ODF (F8) was compared with the commercial film-coated tablets pharmacokinetically (relative bioavailability, onset, and duration of actions were estimated). The results indicated that the three sweetening agents had comparable solubilizing capacity. However, both sucralose- and acesulfame K-based ODFs have a more enhanced sweet and palatable taste than sorbitol-sweetened ODF. The SA- and PVP K30-based ODFs showed significantly faster disintegration times and release rates than MC. In conclusion, PVA has good film-forming properties, but a higher ratio of PVA adversely affected the disintegration and release characteristics. The % relative bioavailability for ODF was 126.5%, with a superior absorption rate constant (Ka) of 1.2-fold. The Cmax and estimated Tmax were compared to conventional film-coated tablets.
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Aishwarya, S., Debolina Bishayi, Vinod Rakesh Jathanna, et al. "Evaluation of pH, free available chlorine and tissue dissolution property of solid dosage chlorine releasing agents for root canal irrigation based on contact time – An in vitro study." Endodontology 37, no. 2 (2025): 217–21. https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_114_24.
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Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the pH, free available chlorine (FAC), and tissue dissolution property of various chlorine-releasing solutions prepared from predosed tablets based on the period since the preparation of the solution. Methods: Groups 1–3 are the study solutions prepared by dissolving 2.5 g of the chemical in powder form in 100 mL distilled water to obtain a 2.5% solution. The control solution is the commercially available 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution. The solutions were freshly prepared and used immediately before testing each aspect of the study. (1) Group 1: 2.5% calcium hypochlorite, (2) Group 2: 2.5% chlorine dioxide (ClO2), (3) Group 3: 2.5% sodium dichloroisocyanurate, (4) Group 4: 2.5% NaOCl, (5) Group 5: saline (negative control). Results: The comparison of pH, FAC, and tissue dissolution property between NaOCl and ClO2 was statistically nonsignificant, whereas the comparison was significant with respect to the other test solutions. Conclusion: ClO2 shows more similarity to NaOCl as an irrigant used for root canal treatments. There was not any significant difference between ClO2 and NaOCl in its FAC and tissue dissolution properties.
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Choudhary, Nilesh, and Jasmine Avari. "Formulation and evaluation of taste mask pellets of granisetron hydrochloride as oro dispersible tablet." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 51, no. 3 (2015): 569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502015000300009.
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Orally disintegrating systems have carved a niche amongst the oral drug delivery systems due to the highest compliance of the patients, especially the geriatrics and pediatrics. In addition, patients suffering from dysphagia, motion sickness, repeated emesis and mental disorders prefer these medications because they cannot swallow large quantity of water. Further, drugs exhibiting satisfactory absorption from the oral mucosa or intended for immediate pharmacological action can be advantageously formulated in these dosage forms. However, the requirements of formulating these dosage forms with mechanical strength sufficient to withstand the rigors of handling and capable of disintegrating within a few seconds on contact with saliva are inextricable. The purpose of this research was to mask the bitter taste of granisetron hydrochloride. To mask the taste Kollicoat(r) Smartseal 30D was used as coating polymer for pellet coating. The coated pellets of the drug was directly compressed with different superdisintegrant as AC-Di-Sol, Explotab and Kollidon CL in different concentration 5.0-7.5% w/w into an ODT. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, wetting time, wet absorption ratio, in-vitro disintegration time and in vitro dissolution studies. Tablets exhibited quick disintegration characteristics with Kollidon CL in concentration 7.5% w/w i.e., within 20 seconds, which is characteristic of orally disintegrating dosage forms. More than 98% of drug was released from the formulations within 15 minutes. Formulations subjected to stability testing as per the ICH guidelines for 3 months, indicated stability with no change in taste, hardness, drug content, disintegration time and dissolution profiles. Thus, the results conclusively demonstrated successful masking of taste and rapid disintegration of the formulated dosage forms in the oral cavity.
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Garg, Anshika, and Muskan Rathor. "Tablet Evolution: Exploring Cutting-edge Technologies in Formulation and Development." Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, December 21, 2024, 373–78. https://doi.org/10.52711/2231-5713.2024.00059.
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Pharmaceutical sciences contain a wide number of territories including drug disclosure, plan improvement, testing, wellbeing and regulatory affairs. In this period of development and progression, in drug conveyance for better clinical impacts regular dosage forms have still a solid hold and are generally well known taking all things together sorts of medicinal preparation for oral use. In the last several years, the writing in drug advancement has been expanded in an amazing way. There is a consistent improvement of the assortment of details which are planned by the patient consistency, actual similarity, and therapeutic efficacy to overcome the deficiencies or antagonistic impacts of the previous formulations. In the current review, authors have tried to sum up various sorts of progression associated with solid dosage form i.e. 3D tablets, digital pills, inlay tablets, quick-dissolving tablets, mouth-dissolving tablets, or dispersive tablets, etc. The advances in innovations associated with them have additionally been examined in brief.
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Patel, Jayendrakumar, Shalin Parikh, and Shwetaben Patel. "Fabrication And In-Vitro Analysis Of Mouth Dissolving Tablets Of Ondansetron Using Water Insoluble Super Disintegrant." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicinal Research 001, no. 01 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.53049/tjopam.2021.v001i01.003.
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In the present time, a mouth dissolving tablets become popular over conventional oral solid dosage form as it overcome common problem associated with conventional oral tablet dosage form such as issue in swallowing tablets in paediatric as well as geriatric population as well as avoid first pass metabolism and provide quick onset of action as it starts to absorb directly from oral cavity. Ondansetron HCl is used to prevent nausea and vomiting. In case of vomiting as well as in nausea, drug must require to act quickly to treat therapeutic condition of patient in need thereof. Therefore, combining Mouth dissolving technology with Ondansetron HCl as active pharmaceutical ingredient could be potential strategy to provide quick onset of action without swallowing entire tablet. Therefore, aim of the present research work is to fabricate mouth dissolving tablets of Ondansetron HCl using different concentration, i.e. 3%, 5% and 9%w/w, of different water insoluble super-disintegrants, namely Kollidon CL-SF, croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate. Batch F2 prepared using 6% Kollidon CL-SF with 2.5% sodium saccharine by direct compression method shown better taste masking as well as satisfied all mouth dissolving tablet criteria’s. Thus, it was concluded that taste masked mouth dissolving tablets of Ondansetron HCl could be successfully formulated by direct compression methods using 6% Kollidon CL-SF as water insoluble super-disintegrant that can effectively provide quick onset of action by eliminating need of administration of entire dosage form.
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Madhavi V. Lichade, Mohd. Vaqqas, Mohit Tembhekar, Abhishek Zade, Rahul Lichade, and Tanmay Choudhari. "Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablet of Aspirin." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, February 11, 2025, 414–20. https://doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-23255.
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The purpose of this study was to develop and assess aspirin fast-dissolving tablets (FDT) in order to improve patient adherence, particularly for those who have trouble swallowing. Although aspirin is frequently used as an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory medication, some patient groups may not benefit from its standard dosage form. Several excipients, including binders (like hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) and super disintegrants (such sodium starch glycolate and croscarmellose sodium), were used in the formulation of the fast-dissolving tablets. The tablets were made using the direct compression method and evaluated for a number of characteristics, including as in-vitro dissolution, hardness, friability, and disintegration time. With a rapid release profile, the fast dissolving formulation's dissolution rate was noticeably higher than that of conventional tablets. Excellent tablet hardness, a quick disintegration period, and acceptable patient acceptability were all displayed by the enhanced formulation. According to the study's findings, aspirin tablets that dissolve quickly may be a viable dosage form for enhancing patient compliance and the medication's beginning of effect, especially in older and younger populations
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Bhatia, Vishal, Ashwani K. Dhingra, Rameshwar Dass, Bhawna Chopra, and Kumar Guarve. "Formulation Development and in-vitro Evaluation of Escitalopram Fast Dissolving Tablets." Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 22 (June 24, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871524922666220624113719.
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Background: Escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), acts by increasing the serotonin level in the brain and is used widely for the management of depression and anxiety disorders. However, the poor dissolution rate of escitalopram due to less water solubility is a consequential problem confronting the pharmaceutical industry in developing pharmaceutical dosage forms for oral delivery systems. Objective: The present work aims to deliver a novel formulation for improving the dissolution profile and, thus, the bioavailability of escitalopram. Methods: Fast Dissolving Tablets (FDT) are expected to enable quick drug release, which will improve the drug's dissolving profile, allowing for the initial increase in plasma concentration mandatory in an acute depression attack. The use of co-processed excipients in tablets has been shown to increase the compressibility and disintegration properties of the tablets, resulting in improved in-vitro drug release and bioavailability. As co-processed excipients, a mixture of banana powder (a natural super disintegrant with nutritional value) and microcrystalline cellulose (a highly compressible substance with good wicking and absorption capacity) was used. Results: The tablets were made using a response surface, randomised central composite design and a direct compression technique. The manufactured tablets were found to be released more than 95% of the drug within 10 minutes and showed an improved drug release profile than the available marketed formulation. Conclusion: As a result, after confirming in-vivo potential, the created fast release formulation exhibited impressive in-vitro findings and may prove to be a boon in treating acute depression attacks.
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Neha, Fathima* Dr. Jyothi P. Dr. R. Hemalatha. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED RELEASE OF ASPIRIN TABLET USING DIRECT COMPRESSION METHOD." November 2, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7274242.
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<em>The coordinate compression approach, which has been around for a long time, benefits quickly dissolving definitions significantly. Furthermore, various concentrations of the super disintegrant were used to provide the most bioavailable information possible. In definitions with a predominant super disintegrant, in vitro crumbling time and disintegration will be accelerated, while friability and weight change will be reduced. When super disintegrants are used to create a fast-dissolving tablet, it is faster and releases the pharmaceutical sooner than a conventionally developed tablet. A cumulative rate of Headache medicine tablets with varying concentrations of CCS and Maize Starch were discovered to have been freed from the definition over time.</em> <em>In this study, F7's solvency clearly outperforms F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, and F6. Aspirin quick dissolving tablets can be successfully manufactured, and it is anticipated that the availability of a wide range of mechanical alternatives and a few advantages will lead to an increase in quiet compliance and its notoriety in the near future.</em> <em>Keywords: super disintegrant, solvency, dissolving tablets</em>
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Venkateswara, Rao. S* Rodhay. G. &. Padmalatha. K. "DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLETS OF TELMISARTAN BY USING DIFFERENT SUPER DISINTEGRANTS." September 30, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2526853.
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The present research was carried out to develop mouth dissolving tablets using superdisintegrants and improve the solubility ultimately bioavailability of Telmisartan by encapsulating it inside the cavity of β-cyclodextrin. Mouth dissolving tablets improve the oral bioavailability by enhancing the drug disintegration and release of drug particles from the dosage form, which enable quick and direct delivery into the circulatory system by avoiding first pass metabolism. Total nine batches of mouth dissolving tablets were prepared using superdisintegrants like Crosscarmellose sodium (CCS), Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG) and Crosspovidone (CP) by direct compression method. Precompression parameters (Angle of repose, Carr’s index and Hausner ratio) were in acceptable range as per the specifications given in IP. Prepared tablets were evaluated for thickness, uniformity of weight, hardness, friability and the results were well within IP limits. Out of the nine formulations developed, the F7 – F9 formulations containing CP as super disintegrant had exhibited the gratifying results when compared with the other two. The results conclude that F9 is the best formulation containing 40 mg of CP. It showed the superlative results in terms of disintegration time, wetting time and In vitro drug release. F9 had low wetting time 8.22 sec, low in vitro disintegration time (5 sec), high water absorption ratio (180%) and highest drug release profile (99.81%) which releases the drug within 12 minute. The different kinetic models revealed that drug release followed zero order and diffusion mechanism. It was concluded from the results that prepared mouth dissolving tablets might decrease dosing frequency, enhance bioavailability, improves patient compliance, rapid onset of action and avoid first pass metabolism, which was the objective of the present work.
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Yadav, Akash. "Complication and Assessment of Time Sensitive Tablets Involving Design Expert Software." Journal of Diabetes Research Reviews & Reports, February 28, 2025, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.47363/jdrr/2025(7)200.
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This research investigated the creation of fast-dissolving tablets containing glipizide, utilizing a Box-Behnken design and direct compression method. The study aimed to incorporate natural super disintegrants such as Plantago ovata seed mucilage and the natural binder Guar gum, in addition to the synthetic super disintegrant cross-povidone. Detailed pre-formulation studies were carried out to verify the compatibility between glipizide and all the excipients used in the formulation. The resulting fast-dissolving tablets were thoroughly assessed for weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time, in vitro drug release profile, and stability. The Box-Behnken design proved to be an effective approach for optimizing the amounts of both natural and synthetic super disintegrants, with the goal of achieving quick disintegration and an optimal drug release profile. The expected result is a promising formulation of fastdissolving glipizide tablets that could greatly enhance patient compliance, particularly for diabetic patients who have trouble swallowing. This formulation has the potential to improve therapeutic effectiveness and patient ease in managing diabetes.
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PRAKASH RAO, A. HARI OM, SANTOSH KUMAR RADA, and SHAMBHAVI KANDUKURI. "OPTIMIZATION OF STARCH CROTONATE AS A NOVEL SUPERDISINTEGRANT IN THE FORMULATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS THROUGH 23 FACTORIAL DESIGN." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, July 7, 2021, 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2021v13i4.41335.
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Objective: To synthesize, characterize and evaluate starch crotonate as a superdisintegrant in the formulation of Piroxicam fast dissolving tablets by employing 23 factorial design.
 Methods: Starch crotonate was synthesized and its physical and micromeritic properties were performed to evaluate it. The fast dissolving tablet of Piroxicam were prepared by employing starch crotonate as a superdisintegrant in different proportions in each case by direct compression method using 23 factorial design.
 Results: The starch chrotonate prepared was found to be fine, free flowing and amorphous. Starch crotonate exhibited good swelling in water with swelling index (50%). The study of starch crotonate was shown by fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). The drug content (100±5%), hardness (3.6–4 kg/sq. cm), and friability (<0.15%) have been effective with regard to all the formulated fast dissolving tablets employing starch crotonate. The disintegration time of all the formulated tablets was found to be in the range of 18±03 to 66±03 sec. The optimized formulation F8 had the least disintegration time i.e., 18±03 sec. The wetting time of the tablets was found to be in the range of 49.92±0.11 to 140±0.18s. The In vitro wetting time was less (i.e., 74±0.37s) in optimized formulation F8. The water absorption ratio of the formulated tablets was found to be in the range of 27.58±0.01 to 123.07±0.33%. The percent drug dissolved in the optimized formulation F8 was found to be 99.83% in 10 min.
 Conclusion: Starch crotonate, when combined with sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium, with Piroxicam was found to be an effective super disintegrant which improved the dissolution efficiency and could therefore be used in the formulation of quick dissolving tablets to provide immediate release of the contained drug within 10 min.
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SANTOSH KUMAR R and SAHITHI MUDILI. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF STATISTICALLY DESIGNED IBUPROFEN FASTDISSOLVING TABLETS EMPLOYING STARCH GLUTAMATE AS A NOVEL SUPERDISINTEGRANT." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, September 16, 2019, 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i11.35308.
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Objective: The main aim of the present work is to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of the ibuprofen by formulating it into fast-dissolving tablets employing starch glutamate as a novel superdisintegrant.
 Materials and Methods: Starch glutamate was prepared from native potato starch and glutamic acid by the esterification process. Drug-excipient compatibility studies were performed between the starch glutamate and ibuprofen with the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. Ibuprofen fast dissolving tablets were formulated employing different superdisintegrants along with the starch glutamate (a novel superdisintegrant) by the direct compression method. The prepared ibuprofen fast-dissolving tablets were evaluated for various pre- and post-compression parameters along with the in vitro and in vivo release characteristics. Optimized formulation stability studies were performed at accelerated conditions for 6 months as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and WHO guidelines.
 Results: Drug-excipient compatibility studies indicated that prepared starch glutamate was compatible with ibuprofen drug, and it can be used as a superdisintegrant in the formulation of fast-dissolving tablets. Fast-dissolving tablets of ibuprofen were formulated by employing starch glutamate as a superdisintegrant showed good tablet properties and showed an increased dissolution efficiency of the drug. Among all the formulations (F1–F8), the formulation F4 which contains 5% starch glutamate and 5% croscarmellose sodium as superdisintegrants showed 99.7±0.34% drug dissolution within 5 min. Peak plasma concentration of optimized formulation F2 was achieved in a short period of time and increased relative bioavailability and F2 was found to be stable during accelerated stability testing as per the ICH stability guidelines.
 Conclusion: From drug-excipient compatibility studies, disintegration time, in vitro dissolution studies, and pharmacokinetic studies, it was concluded that starch glutamate can be used as a superdisintegrant in the formulation of fast-dissolving tablets to increase the solubility as well as bioavailability of the poorly soluble drugs.
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SANTOSH KUMAR, R., SHAMBHAVI KANDUKURI, M. RAMYA, and B. KUSUMA LATHA. "DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ACECLOFENAC FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS EMPLOYING STARCH VALERATE–A NOVEL SUPERDISINTEGRANT." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, July 7, 2021, 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2021v13i4.41122.
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Objective: To synthesize, characterize and evaluate starch valerate as a superdisintegrant in the formulation of aceclofenac fast dissolving tablets by employing 23 factorial design.
 Methods: Starch valerate was synthesized and its physical and micromeritic properties were performed to evaluate it. The fast dissolving tablet of aceclofenac was prepared by employing starch valerate as a superdisintegrant in different proportions in each case by direct compression method using 23 factorial design for evaluation of tablet parameters like disintegration and dissolution efficiency in 5 min.
 Results: The starch valerate prepared was found to be fine, amorphous and free flowing. Starch valerate exhibited good swelling in water with swelling index (125.2%). The study of starch valerate was shown by fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). The drug content (200±5%), hardness (3.5–4 kg/sq. cm), and friability (<0.15%) has been effective with regard to all the formulated fast dissolving tablets employing starch valerate. The disintegration time of all the formulated tablets was found to be in the range of 14±0.04 to 25.7±0.02 sec. The optimized formulation F4 had the least disintegration time i.e., 12.8±0.02 sec. The wetting time of the tablets was found to be in the range of 76±0.21 to 217±0.17s. The In vitro wetting time was less (i.e., 28±0.02s) in optimized formulation F4. The water absorption ratio of the formulated tablets was found to be in the range of 46±0.12 to 100±0.27%. The percent drug dissolved in the optimized formulation F8 was found to be 99.93% in 5 min.
 Conclusion: Starch valerate, when combined with sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium, with aceclofenac, was found to be an effective super disintegrant which improved the dissolution efficiency and could therefore be used in the formulation of quick dissolving tablets to provide immediate release of the contained drug within 5 min.
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S*, Kiran, Khemchand S, Shivraj J, and Dhananjay P. "Comprehensive Study on Pharmaceutical Delivery: Mouth Dissolving Tablets." Open Access Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 8, no. 3 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajpr-16000319.
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Fast-disintegrating tablets are one of the most often utilized dose forms available, particularly for youngsters whose nervous and muscular systems are still developing in comparison to adults. in grownups. and in adult individuals who have hand tremors or Parkinson's disease. Due to swallowing difficulties caused by dysphagia, many fixed dose forms, including tablets and capsules, no longer comply with prescribed dosages, making therapy ineffective. Oral dosage forms and the oral route with certain constraints, such as first-pass liver metabolism, mental patients, at-risk patients, and non-co-operators, are the most recommended modes of administration for many medications. MDTs don't require water to dissolve; saliva does the heavy lifting. Saliva dissolves mouth dissolving tablets in less than 60 seconds at the very least. Additionally, these tablets digest incredibly quickly. Super disintegrates are added to MDT formulations to speed up the pace at which tablets break down in the buccal cavity. MDTs are advantageous due to their ease of manufacturing, appropriate dosage, strong chemical and physical makeup, and suitability as a substitute for both adult and pediatric patients. Due to MDTs' quicker rate of absorption and breakdown, the drug's dose form and in vitro release duration both lengthen and improve bioavailability. Both in traditional tablet and liquid dosing forms, MDT formulations provide unique benefits. There are numerous processes available for mass extrusion, direct freeze pressing/lyophilization, sublimation, cotton candy, phase transition, spray drying, and melt granulation. This review gives a quick introduction of MDT, covering its definition, advantages, requirements, and essential features. It also discusses its limitations, different development obstacles, and commercially available tablet formulations that promote rapid digestion, among other things.
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TORGAL, TEJASVI, SHWETA BORKAR, PRASHANT BHIDE, and ASMITA ARONDEKAR. "FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING FILMS OF EBASTINE." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, September 17, 2020, 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2020v12i5.39782.
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Objective: To overcome the limitations of fast dissolving tablets, a novel fast dissolving film of ebastine was formulated for attaining quick onset of action, aiding in the enhancement of bioavailability favorable in severe conditions of allergies.
 Methods: Films of ebastine were prepared by the solvent casting method using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E-15, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K-4 as a film base with different concentrations of crospovidone as superdisintegrant and polyethylene glycol-400 as a plasticizer. Further physical characteristics such as uniformity of weight, thickness, and drug content uniformity, tensile strength, folding endurance, percentage elongation, surface pH, disintegration and in vitro drug release were evaluated.
 Results: The optimized formulations with film base hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E-15 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K-4 containing 8% crospovidone showed 99.34 % and 97.42 % of maximum cumulative percentage release respectively exhibiting first order kinetics. However, no significant change was observed in stability studies.
 Conclusion: The concept of formulating fast dissolving films of ebastine offers a suitable approach in exhibiting rapid onset of action with improved delivery.
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Singh, Sakshi, and Arpna Indurkhya. "Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Atorvastatin Calcium using Starch Malonate." International Journal of Newgen Research in Pharmacy & Healthcare, June 30, 2024, 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.61554/ijnrph.v2i1.2024.90.
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Fast dissolving tablets containing Atorvastatin calcium were prepared using the direct compression method with various superdisintegrants and evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, disintegration time, wetting time, and in vitro drug release. The precompression characteristics indicated good flow properties and compressibility of the drug with the excipients. Post-compression evaluations showed uniform hardness, thickness, and diameter across all tablets, ensuring uniform size, shape, and good resistance to mechanical damage. The weight variation of all formulations was within prescribed limits. The FDTs containing Starch Malonate demonstrated rapid disintegration and dissolution, with formulation F3 showing a disintegration time of 21 seconds, outperforming formulations with crosspovidone and croscarmellose sodium. Increased concentrations of Starch Malonate, crosspovidone, and CCS corresponded with decreased disintegration times. Starch Malonate exhibited the fastest wetting time, followed by crosspovidone and CCS, underscoring its superior disintegration power. The wetting time correlated with disintegration time in the oral cavity, highlighting the disintegrants' capacity to swell in minimal water. In vitro studies indicated rapid drug dissolution within 10 minutes, attributed to the quick breakdown of particles and rapid drug absorption into the dissolution medium. In conclusion, incorporating Starch Malonate as a superdisintegrant in Atorvastatin Calcium FDTs effectively promoted rapid disintegration and drug release, offering potential advantages in patient convenience and compliance, especially for those with swallowing difficulties or preferences for orally disintegrating dosage forms.
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Patil, Swapnil Shankar, and Shashikant Sudarshan Upadhye. "Formulation and Assessment of Quick dissolving tablet of Candesartan cilexetil arranged from their circular agglomerates." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, February 26, 2022, 853–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52711/0974-360x.2022.00142.
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Candesartan cilexetil is water insoluble drug which comes under BCS class second category. Drug was used in the treatment of acute and chronic hypertension. The research workgenerally focuses on the solubility enhancement, increasing dissolution behavior, flowability and compressibility of the drug. Tablets and capsule are the solid dosage form mostly used. Spherical agglomerates of Candesartan cilexetil were prepared. Candesartan cilexetil water insoluble drug was used. With the incorporation of polymer, Agglomerates of such drug was prepared. Fast dissolving tablet was prepared and evaluated. Evaluation parameter like FTIR, DSC was carried out. Precompression parameters like bulk density, tap density, angle of repose, compressibility index was carried out. Post compression parameters like friability, hardness, thickness, disintegration time, wetting time was carried out and evaluated. Effect of different disintegrant like Crospovidone, cross carmellose sodium was studied. From in vitro study it was found that cross carmellose sodium containing batch F3 shows better drug release so it shows enhanced dissolution rate while if cross carmellose sodium level increases thus decreasing their dissolution rate.
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Rao N G, Raghavendra, Priyanka Gupta, and Sheela M A. "Trigonella foenum-Plantago Ovata Seeds Mucilage as a Superdisintegrants for the Development of Bisoprolol Fumarate Loaded Quick Dissolving Tablet (QDT)." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, January 27, 2023, 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52711/0974-360x.2023.00005.
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Objective: The aim of this present research work, the aim was to develop drug-loaded Bisoprolol fumarate quick-dissolving tablets by direct compression method by using Trigonella Foenum - Plantago ovata seeds mucilage. Comparative studies between synthetic and natural superdisintegrants. Bisoprolol Fumarate is an antihypertensive drug incorporated in handling hypertension, and as a prophylaxis treatment of angina pectoris, heart failure. Methods: Bisoprolol fumarate-loaded tablets were developed, estimated for different pre and post-compressional parameters, FTIR study, and short-term stability studies. Results and Discussions: The FTIR spectral analysis results indicate no interaction between the drug and formulation additives. pre and post-compressional parameters were within the authorised Pharmacopeial limits, and the results were satisfactory. The disintegration time and dissolution investigations of formulations F12 and F15 were determined to be the most promising, with disintegration times of 22 and 24 secs, respectively. FormulationsF12 and F15 containing Trigonella Foenum and plantago ovata mucilage’s showed highest drug release above 99% within 20 and 25 min respectively. Trigonella Foenum mucilage and Plantago ovata was identified to be the better superdisintegrant compare to synthetic superdisintegrants. Stability studies to optimize the formulations were carried out for about 90 days. During the studies, no considerable changes were noticed in the compressed tablets for in-vitro disintegration time, hardness, friability and uniform distribution of drug content etc. Conclusion: Based on disintegration time the developed formulations F3, F12 and F15 were found to be mostly constitutive, with disintegration times of 30, 22, and 24 secs. The result outcome can be interpreted that the formulations loaded with Bisoprolol fumarate have shown enhanced dissolution rates that might have been the cause of improved bioavailability, subsequently an effective therapy by coupling with Trigonella foenum and Plantago ovata mucilage. These mucilages were plant-derived, non-toxic, bio-compatible, bio-degradable, and least side effects.
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Rahman, Mst Mahfuza, Khurshida Akter, Masudur Rahman, Jinat Fatema Shorna, Amitav Lahiry, and Mir Imam Ibne Wahed. "Comparative Analysis of In vitro Quality Parameters of Different Brands of Marketed Ciprofloxacin Tablets Available in Bangladesh." Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, December 26, 2021, 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2021/v23i1130269.
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Aim: Ciprofloxacin is a broad‑spectrum antibiotic under the group of drugs called fluoroquinolones. It is extensively being manufactured and marketed drug by many national and multinational pharmaceutical companies. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of different brands of ciprofloxacin 500mg tablets available in Bangladesh using quality characteristics such as weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution profile.
 Methodology: The tablets' overall quality criteria, such as weight variation, hardness, thickness, diameter, friability, disintegration time, and dissolving profile, were evaluated using established protocols. An electric analytical balance was employed to measure weight variation. An automated hardness tester was used to determine the hardness, thickness, and diameter. A friabilator was used to determine the degree of friability. A disintegration equipment and a dissolution tester were used to examine the disintegration time and dissolution profile, respectively.
 Results: In this study, all the values were compared with the standards. All brands had been passed for the weight variation test, because no tablets surpass the ± 5 % weight variation. The weight variation range was from 714.57±4.08 mg (brand C) to 837.92±7.49 mg (brand E). In hardness testing procedure, all brands of ciprofloxacin 500mg tablets were within the specified limit. The average hardness of the items ranges from 11.11±1.44 kgF to 19.26±2.20 kgF respectively. The five brand's percentage friability was less than 1%, indicating that they met the requirements. The lowest friability (0.015 %) was found in Brand E, while the highest friability (0.032 %) was found in Brand B. Within 10 minutes, the entire trademark had disintegrated, indicating that they had met the requirements. Brand E had the quickest disintegration time (5.35±0.49 minutes), while brand B had the slowest (9.12±0.88 minutes).All brands had a dissolution rate of 83.56% for A, 95.84% for B, 91.15% for C, 84.46% for D and 88.97% for E, all those were within 60 minutes in dissolution testing. The five brands' assay was within the specified limit, indicating that they met the requirements
 Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study of evaluating quality control parameters revealed that all of the leading brands of this tablet comply the quality control parameters as per pharmacopoeial specifications. Further work is recommended on bioequivalence of these tablets.