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Lucho, Simone Ribeiro. "PROPAGAÇÃO IN VITRO E EX VITRO DE Symplocos uniflora (POHL.) BENTH. (SYMPLOCACEAE)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4871.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe Symplocos uniflora species is a native tree that reaches up to 10m tall, belonging to the Symplocaceae family. It is popularly known as pau-de-canga, maria-mole-do-banhado and sete-sangria. Virtually, there is no information in the literature on reproduction, growth and development of this species, whose studies of forms of propagation is essential. Thus, the present study intended to examine the sexual and vegetative propagation of the species S. uniflora through protocols for seed germination and micropropagation. Fruit and vegetative material of adult plants from the Botanical Garden of UFSM were collected. The fruits without pulp, containing the seeds were used to evaluate the effect of temperature, storage time, light, collection time, the application of chemical and mechanical scarification, besides the use of gibberellic acid on seed germination of S. uniflora. Plants grown in a greenhouse were used as donor explants (nodal and apical segment) in order to obtain the direct organogenesis. In the study, MS medium and different combinations of auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were used. The presence of light is essential for the germination of Symplocos uniflora, being classified as positive photoblastic preferred. The use of pre-germination treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid is favorable for overcoming seed dormancy. Of the substrates analyzed, the filter paper showed the best germination percentages and speed of germination. Plantmax® substrate offered the highest length of air shoots. In micropropagation, the average percentage of air shoots was 29% with no occurrence of root formation.
Symplocos uniflora (Symplocaceae) é uma árvore que atinge até 10 m de altura, nativa e conhecida popularmente como pau-de-canga, maria-mole-do-banhado e sete-sangria. O trabalho visou estudar a propagação sexuada e vegetativa da espécie, através de protocolos para a germinação de sementes e micropropagação. Endocarpos concrescidos com as sementes (diásporos) foram utilizados para estudos da germinação das sementes avaliando temperatura de armazenamento (10 e 25ºC), temperaturas de incubação (15, 20, 25 e 30ºC), regimes de luz (fotoperíodo de 16 horas e escuro contínuo), época de coleta dos frutos (janeiro e março de 2013), escarificação química (ácido sulfúrico concentrado por 10 minutos), escarificação mecânica (desponte do endocarpo) e ácido giberélico (GA3), 1,5 m L-1. Plantas cultivadas em casa de vegetação, com 18 meses de idade, foram utilizadas como doadoras de explantes (segmento nodal e apical), visando à obtenção da organogênese direta. No estudo foi utilizado o meio MS e diferentes combinações (tratamentos) de ácido naftalenoacético (ANA) e 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP), em mg L-1: 0,0; 0,1; 0,2 e 0,4 e 0,0; 1,0; 2,0 e 4,0, respectivamente. A temperatura de 25ºC promoveu a maior porcentagem de germinação das sementes (24%). Frutos maduros apresentaram as melhores porcentagens de germinação (30%) e índice de velocidade de germinação (1,19). A presença de luz favoreceu à germinação das sementes, sendo classificadas como fotoblásticas positivas preferenciais. O tratamento pré-germinativo com ácido sulfúrico concentrado por 10 minutos promoveu a superação da dormência das sementes. Na germinação in vitro o uso de GA3 no meio de cultura propiciou os melhores índices de velocidade de germinação (0,18), não influenciando na porcentagem da mesma. No cultivo in vitro, a maior porcentagem de explantes com brotações aéreas (29%) ocorreu na combinação de 0,2 mg L-1 de ANA e 2,0 mg L-1 de BAP, sem ocorrência de formação de raízes. Os explantes utilizados e brotações obtidas in vitro apresentaram taxas de oxidação variando de 10 a 70%.
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Ferri, Juçara. "Micropropagação e desenvolvimento vegetativo de mirtilo." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2008. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2116.
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Previous issue date: 2008-03-27Blueberry cultivation is recent in Brazil, and the area expansion of this production is limited by the lack of quality seedlings. The in vitro propagation make possible, in little time, to produce of mass form, high quality plants. In this work, the first objective was to study some involved factors in the establishment, multiplication and rooting of blueberry rabbiteye group, seeking yield increase of the seedlings production through micropropagation. The second objective was to study some involved factors seedlings development of the Aliceblue, Climax, O Neal and Georgiagem cultivars, seeking make available to producers seedlings sufficiently developed and adapted to orchard implantation. The work was developed in 2 stages. The first stage was constituted for 4 trials micropropagation related, and consisted respectively in the in vitro establishment, multiplication of the material previously in vitro established and rooting sprout obtained in the multiplication stage. Was verified that zeatin is necessary for in vitro establishment Powderblue and Florida cultivars, be able to utilize the smaller concentration (9 μM). Cultivars Woodard, Bluebelle and Bluegem explants presented the most bud number. The most rooting percentage was obtained with 6 µM of IBA added in culture media. The basal stakes presented the most root quantity. The 6 µM concentration of growth regulator ANA provide the most root length. The second stage of this work was constituted for 2 trials vegetative establishment related. In the first trial were utilized 2 blueberry cultivars of rabbiteye group and 4 substrates tips. In the second trial were utilized 2 cultivars blueberry group and 4 substrates tips. It recommended 70% sawdust + 20% coconut fiber + 10% bovine manure mixture to the most growth aerial part, the most mass of dry matter aerial and root, and the most sprout number. For the rabbiteye group, Climax cultivar presented the most vegetative development, parallel O´Neal cultivar highbush group.
O cultivo do mirtilo no Brasil é recente, e a expansão da área de produção é limitada pela disponibilidade de mudas de qualidade. A propagação in vitro possibilita em curto espaço de tempo, produzir de forma massal, plantas sadias com alta qualidade. Neste trabalho, o primeiro objetivo foi estudar alguns dos fatores envolvidos no estabelecimento, na multiplicação e no enraizamento de cultivares de mirtilo do grupo rabbiteye , visando o aumento do rendimento na produção de mudas através da micropropagação. O segundo objetivo foi estudar alguns dos fatores relacionados ao desenvolvimento de mudas das cultivares Aliceblue, Climax, O Neal e Georgiagem, visando disponibilizar ao produtor uma muda suficientemente desenvolvida e adaptada para a implantação de pomares. O trabalho foi realizado em duas etapas. A primeira etapa foi constituída por 4 experimentos relacionados a micropropagação e consistiram respectivamente em estabelecimento, multiplicação do material já estabelecido in vitro e enraizamento de brotações obtidas na fase de multiplicação. Foi verificado que zeatina é necessária para o estabelecimento in vitro das cultivares Powderblue e Florida, podendo ser utilizada a menor concentração (9 μM). Explantes das cultivares Woodard, Bluebelle e Bluegem na posição vertical do explante apresentaram maior número de gemas. A maior porcentagem de enraizamento na cv. Climax foi obtida com a adição de 6 µM de AIB no meio de cultura. As estacas basais apresentaram maior quantidade de raiz. O fitorregulador ANA a 6 µM, proporciona maior comprimento de raiz. A segunda etapa deste trabalho constituiu-se de dois experimentos relacionados ao desenvolvimento vegetativo. No primeiro foram utilizadas 2 cultivares de mirtilo do grupo rabbiteye e 4 tipos de substratos. No segundo experimento foram utilizadas 2 cultivares de mirtilo do grupo highbush e 4 tipos de substratos. Recomenda-se a mistura 70% serragem + 20% fibra de coco + 10% esterco bovino para maior crescimento da parte aérea, maior massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular e maior número de brotações. Para o grupo rabbiteye a cultivar Climax foi a que apresentou maior desenvolvimento vegetativo, paralelamente à cultivar O´Neal para o grupo highbush'.
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Navroski, Marcio Carlos. "MULTIPLICAÇÃO in vitro DE GENÓTIPOS DE Eucalyptus dunnii MAIDEN." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8676.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorEucalyptus is a genus of great importance to the economy and production of various goods. Among the species of this genus, Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden stands out the importance, especially for the states of southern Brazil, to present a good growth and resistance to frost. However, this species presents problems for the production of seedlings by cloning, mainly due to the difficulty of rooting. The objective of this research was to assess methodologies for surface disinfection, establishment, multiplication, elongation and rooting in vitro of selected genotypes of Eucalyptus dunnii. The genetic material used in this study were collected in areas of the company Stora Enso, in the county of Alegrete - RS in commercial stands of Eucalyptus dunnii about three years old, originated from the planting of seeds. After 60 days, harvested, shoots were collected from 10 selected genotypes, which were isolated from cuttings. In the laboratory, stem segments were isolated at three positions on the cuttings: top, middle and base portion, which were evaluated in procedures for surface disinfection with sodium hypochlorite. We tested different immersion times in disinfest 1.5% and in another experiment, different concentrations of immersion for 10 minutes. Subsequently, we evaluated the performance of genotypes in in vitro establishing. During multiplication were evaluated concentrations of the growth regulators 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). At the elongation step there were two experiments, one using gibberellic acid (GA3) in varying concentrations in the presence of alpha-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and BAP, and another using only NAA and BAP. In the rooting phase two experiments were conducted, using an IBA in nutrient medium and another pulse treatment with IBA and vermiculite in a liquid medium, the rooted cuttings were acclimatized in plastic cups. As a result it was possible to establish satisfactory six genotypes, and the phenol oxidation and contamination of the main causes of non-establishment of some genotypes. In the multiplication, BAP in a concentration range between 0.25 and 0.75 mg L-1 (1.11 and 3.33 μM), positively influences the formation of buds, there is a behavior varied depending on genotype. At the elongation is also genotypic influence and the use of NAA at 0.5 mg L -1 (2.69 μM) plus BAP promotes the greatest elongation of shoots. The use of GA3 in the nutritive medium of elongation may be waived, because don t promote elongation of the shoots and cause the formation of callus. AIB added to the ½ MS nutritive medium has no effect on in vitro rooting of Eucalyptus dunnii. for the use of vermiculite associated with ½ WPM liquid nutritive medium after treatment pulse with solution of IBA promote root induction in some cuttings and may be considered in further studies.
Eucalyptus é um gênero de grande importância para a economia e produção de vários bens. Entre as espécies deste gênero, Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden destaca-se pela importância, principalmente para os estados da região sul do Brasil, por apresentar um bom crescimento e resistência as geadas. Entretanto, essa espécie apresenta problemas em relação à produção de mudas por clonagem, devido, principalmente, à dificuldade de enraizamento. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi avaliar metodologias para a desinfestação superficial, o estabelecimento, a multiplicação, o alongamento e o enraizamento in vitro de genótipos selecionados de Eucalyptus dunnii. O material genético utilizado no presente estudo foi coletado em áreas da empresa Stora Enso, localizadas no município de Alegrete - RS, em povoamentos comerciais de Eucalyptus dunnii de cerca de três anos de idade, originados do plantio de sementes. Decorridos 60 dias do abate das árvores, foram coletadas brotações de 10 genótipos selecionados, das quais foram isoladas estacas. No Laboratório, foram isolados segmentos caulinares em três posições nas estacas: ápice, porção intermediária e base, os quais foram avaliados em procedimentos de desinfestação superficial com hipoclorito de sódio. Foram testados diferentes tempos de imersão neste desinfestante a 1,5% e, em outro experimento, diferentes concentrações na imersão durante 10 minutos. Posteriormente, foi avaliado o desempenho dos genótipos no estabelecimento in vitro. Na etapa de multiplicação foram avaliadas concentrações do regulador de crescimento 6-Benzilaminopurina (BAP). Na etapa de alongamento realizaram-se dois experimentos, um utilizando ácido giberélico (GA3) em concentrações variáveis na presença de Ácido alfa-Naftaleno Acético (ANA) e BAP, e outro utilizando apenas ANA e BAP. Na fase de enraizamento foram realizados dois experimentos, um utilizando AIB no meio nutritivo e outro, com tratamento pulso de AIB e, após, plantio em copos plásticos contendo vermiculita e meio líquido, para aclimatização das estacas em sala de cultivo. Foi possível o estabelecimento in vitro satisfatório de seis genótipos, sendo a oxidação fenólica e a contaminação as principais causas do fracasso de alguns genótipos. Na multiplicação, BAP, na faixa de concentração entre 0,25 e 0,75 mg L-1 (1,11 e 3,33 μM), influencia positivamente a formação de gemas por explante, ocorrendo um comportamento variado no comprimento e número de gemas por explante conforme o genótipo. No alongamento há também influência genotípica e a utilização de ANA na concentração de 0,5 mg L -1 (2,69 μM) associada a BAP promove o maior alongamento das brotações. A utilização de GA3 no meio de alongamento pode ser dispensada, pois além de não promover o alongamento das brotações causa a formação de calos. AIB adicionado ao meio nutritivo ½ MS não tem efeito no enraizamento in vitro de microestacas de Eucalyptus dunnii. O emprego de vermiculita associado a meio nutritivo ½WPM líquido, após tratamento pulso com solução de AIB promove a indução de raiz em algumas estacas, podendo ser considerado em estudos adicionais.
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Heberle, Michele. "PROPAGAÇÃO IN VITRO E EX VITRO DE LOURO-PARDO (Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrabida ex Steudel)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8665.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorAlthough the louro-pardo (Cordia trichotoma Vell.) is native forest specie with high timber potential, there are still scarce studies that approach the production of seedlings of this species by vegetative propagation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative propagation of the louro-pardo by the techniques of cuttings and micropropagation. It was tested the presence or absence of 8000 mg L-1 of indolbutiric acid (IBA) and two types of cuttings (basal and apical). At 40 days, the cuttings were evaluated for survival, rooting, the presence of callus and shoots, the number and length of shoots and the number of leaves. For the establishment of aseptic seedlings, seeds of louro-pardo were treated with 2% or 5% of sodium hypochlorite, for 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20 min. The seeds were inoculated in WPM basic culture medium. At 30 days, the percentages of disinfection, fungal contamination and / or bacteria and the average time of germination were evaluated. For multiplication, apical segments were inoculated in basic medium, plus 0; 0,25; 0,50 or 0,75 mg L-1 of 6-benzilaminopurin (BAP). At 45 days were evaluated the length, number of leaves and internodes of the shoots, the percentage of callus and the survival of the explants. In the multiplication, using microstumps kept in vitro, was tested whether or not the addition of 1,5 g L-1 of activated charcoal to the basic medium on the production of shoots. At 30 and 60 days, concerning to the first and second cuts of microstumps, were evaluated the number and length of shoots, number of leaves and internodes of the shoots, and the number of microcutting. Rooting in vitro microcuttings were maintained in basic medium plus 1,5 g L-1 of activated charcoal and IBA (1,5 or 2,0 mg L-1). At 45 days were evaluated the presence of roots and callus, the percentage of survival and sprouting. In cutting, were observed the formation of shoots on the cuttings, but they are not rooted. The cutting type and dose of IBA did not influence the rooting and survival. In micropropagation was found that the sterilization of seeds with 5% of sodium hypochlorite for 5 min. allowed the in vitro establishment of aseptic seedlings. The induction of shoots in the explants was not influenced by different doses of BAP. The presence of activated charcoal in the culture medium favored the formation and growth of shoots in microstumps. The use of 1,5 or 2,0 mg L-1 IBA did not promote the rooting of microshoots of louro-pardo.
Apesar de o louro-pardo (Cordia trichotoma Vell.) ser uma espécie florestal nativa com elevado potencial madeireiro, ainda são escassos os estudos que abordam a produção de mudas dessa espécie pela propagação vegetativa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a propagação do louro-pardo pelas técnicas de estaquia e micropropagação. Para a estaquia foi testada a presença ou ausência de 8000 mg L-1de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) e dois tipos de estacas (basais e apicais). Aos 40 dias, as estacas foram avaliadas quanto à sobrevivência, o enraizamento, a presença de calos e de brotos, o número e o comprimento de brotos e o número de folhas. Para o estabelecimento de plântulas assépticas, sementes de louro-pardo foram tratadas com 2% ou 5% de hipoclorito de sódio, por 0, 5, 10, 15 ou 20 min. As sementes foram inoculadas em meio de cultura base WPM. Aos 30 dias foram avaliadas as porcentagens de desinfestação, de contaminação por fungos e/ou bactérias e o tempo médio de germinação. Para a multiplicação, ápices caulinares foram inoculados em meio de cultura base, acrescido de 0; 0,25; 0,50 ou 0,75 mg L-1 de 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP). Aos 45 dias avaliou-se o comprimento, o número de folhas e de entrenós dos brotos, as porcentagens de calo e de sobrevivência dos explantes. Na multiplicação, utilizando microcepas mantidas in vitro, testou-se a adição ou não de 1,5 g L-1 de carvão ativado ao meio de cultura base na produção de brotos. Aos 30 e 60 dias, referentes ao primeiro e ao segundo corte das microcepas, foram avaliados o número e o comprimento dos brotos, o número de folhas e de entrenós dos brotos, e o número de microestacas. No enraizamento in vitro, microestacas foram mantidas em meio de cultura base, acrescido de 1,5 g L-1 de carvão ativado e AIB (1,5 ou 2,0 mg L-1). Aos 45 dias foram avaliadas a presença de raízes e calos, a porcentagem de sobrevivência e de brotação. Na estaquia, foi observada a formação de brotos nas estacas, contudo estas não enraizaram. O tipo de estaca e a dose de AIB utilizada não influenciaram no enraizamento ou na sobrevivência. Na micropropagação foi verificado que a assepsia das sementes com 5% de hipoclorito de sódio, por 5 min., possibilitou o estabelecimento in vitro de plântulas assépticas. A indução de brotos nos explantes não foi influenciada pelas diferentes doses de BAP. A presença de carvão ativado no meio de cultura base favoreceu a formação e o crescimento dos brotos nas microcepas. A utilização de 1,5 ou 2,0 mg L-1 de AIB não promoveu o enraizamento adventício das microestacas de louro-pardo.
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Horbach, Micheli Angelica. "PROPAGAÇÃO IN VITRO E EX VITRO de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis Saint Hilaire Aquifoliaceae)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8628.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorMate (Ilex paraguariensis) is an important species in Southern Brazil for its economical and cultural values. The present work had the objectives of analyzing the propagation of mate by cuttings, disinfection and in vitro establishment of nodal segments from adult plants and micropropagation of plants originated from immature embryos. Mate cutting were submitted to three (0, 4000 and 8000 mg L-1) IBA doses and two lengths (3 and 10 cm) of cutting. The cuttings were evaluated at 135 days for survival, rooting and formation of roots, leaves and shoots. In the disinfection experiments, nodal segments of one-year-old shoots were immersed in alcohol solution of 70% for two and four min., in 2% of NaOCl for 15, 25 and 35 min. and inoculated in ¼ of MS medium. The percentage of contaminated, oxidized and healthy explants were evaluated at 15 days. In micropropagation, mate seedlings from immature embryos were submitted to different culture mediums (MS, ¼ MS and WPM) for 30 days and evaluated for number of leaves and length of seedlings. For the multiplication, different doses (0; 0,01; 0,1; 1,0 and 2,0 mg L-1) of BAP were tested in ¼ MS culture medium. At 50 days, they were evaluated for the number of shoots, leaves and internodes, shoots length and height. Different doses (0; 0,5; 1,0 and 1,5 mg L-1) of IBA were evaluated for rooting and kept explants either for 15 or 30 days in the medium. In vitro plants of mate were acclimatized in different (vermiculite, sand or coconut shells) substrates, with controlled temperature and light environmental conditions. The highest percentage of rooted cuttings, in both evaluated length, were with 4000 mg L-1 of IBA. Cuttings with 3 cm length produced the highest percentage of rooted cuttings. Nodal segments of one-year-old shoots have the highest survival, with the disinfection with alcohol 70% for four minutes and NaOCl 2% for 25 min. The ¼ of MS salts medium can be used as basal medium for in vitro culture of mate plants. The basal medium with 2 mg L-1 of BAP increases the number of adventitious shoots and promotes shoot proliferation after some sub cultivations, enabling in vitro plant maintenance as microstump, as shoot supply. In vitro rooting can be achieved in one cycle of 30 days of cultivation, with the addition of 3 mg L-1 of IBA to the medium with ¼ of MS salts. In vitro plants of mate can be acclimatized in coconut shells or sand in controlled temperature and light conditions.
A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) é uma espécie de grande importância no sul do Brasil, pelo valor econômico e cultural que apresenta. O presente trabalho teve por objetivos analisar a propagação de erva-mate por estaquia, o estabelecimento e desinfestação in vitro de segmentos nodais de plantas adultas e a micropropagação de plantas oriundas de embriões imaturos. Para a estaquia, testaram-se três doses de AIB (0, 4000 e 8000 mg L-1) e dois comprimentos de estacas (3 e 10 cm). As estacas foram avaliadas quanto à sobrevivência, o enraizamento, o número de raízes, de folhas e de brotos e o comprimento de raízes e de brotos, aos 135 dias. No experimento de desinfestação, segmentos nodais de brotações de ano de erva-mate foram imersos em etanol 70%, por 2 e 4 min. e, depois, em NaOCl 2%, por 15, 25 e 35 min e, então inoculados em meio com ¼ do MS. Aos 15 dias avaliaram-se a percentagem de explantes contaminados, oxidados e sadios. Na micropropagação, plântulas de erva-mate, obtidas de embriões imaturos, foram submetidas a diferentes meios de cultura (MS, ¼ MS e WPM) por 50 dias, com avaliação do incremento obtido para as variáveis número de folhas e comprimento de plântulas. Para a multiplicação dessas plantas, foram testadas a adição de diferentes doses (0; 0,01; 0,1; 1,0 e 2,0 mg L-1) de BAP ao meio de cultura com ¼ do MS. Foram avaliados o número de brotos, folhas e entrenós, o comprimento dos brotos e a altura das plantas, aos 50 dias de cultivo. No enraizamento de brotos de erva-mate foram utilizadas doses (0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 3,0 e 6,0 mg L-1) de AIB, por 15 e 30 dias. As avaliações constaram da percentagem de enraizamento e de calo obtidas, do número e comprimento de raízes, do número de folhas e altura das plantas, aos 30 dias de cultivo. Plantas de erva-mate, produzidas in vitro, foram aclimatizadas em diferentes substratos (vermiculita média, areia e casca de coco) com temperatura e luminosidade controladas. A maior percentagem de estacas enraizadas, em ambos os comprimentos, foi com a dose de 4000 mg L-1 de AIB, sendo que as estacas de 3 cm obtiveram uma maior percentagem de enraizamento. Segmentos nodais de brotações de ano de erva-mate apresentam a maior sobrevivência com a desinfestação com álcool 70% por 4 min. e em NaOCl 2% por 25 min. O meio com ¼ dos sais do MS pode ser utilizado como o meio de cultura base para o cultivo in vitro de plantas de erva-mate. A adição de 2 mg L-1 de BAP ao meio de cultura base aumenta o número de brotos adventícios em erva-mate, além de formar tufos após alguns subcultivos, possibilitando a manutenção de plantas como microcepas, para o fornecimento de brotos. O enraizamento in vitro de erva-mate pode ser realizado em apenas uma fase de 30 dias, com a adição de até 3 mg L-1 de AIB ao meio com ¼ dos sais do MS. Plantas de erva-mate, produzidas in vitro, podem ser aclimatizadas nos substratos casca de coco ou areia em ambiente com temperatura e luminosidade controladas.
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León, Enrique Asterio Benítez. "QUALIDADE DE SEMENTES, MICROPROPAGAÇÃO, CONSERVAÇÃO IN VITRO E ISOLAMENTO DE DNA GENÔMICO DE Luehea divaricata Mart. & Zucc." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3768.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoLuehea divaricata Mart. & Zucc., is a native species, found in the Atlantic Forest and Pampa biomes in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, belonging to the Malvaceae family. Considering the need for recovery and restoration of degraded areas, the demand for seeds and seedlings of native species may register significant increases, and the contribution of research studies to native species will be of great importance for both the forestry and the environmental sectors. This study aimed to research the quality of seeds, the development of methodologies for micropropagation and in vitro conservation of Luehea divaricata and isolation of genomic DNA of the species. Physiological and sanitary quality tests of seeds stored in Kraft paper inside refrigerator, in two different periods, collected from different places of its natural habitat, were conducted. The development of methodologies for micropropagation studies were divided in different experiments, testing at first, the response of cultures initiated from epicotyl, to stimuli from different sources and concentrations of cytokinin on in vitro multiplication. Afterwards, the pulse effect treatment with concentrations of IBA on the rooting ability of in vitro nodal segments cultivated in nutrient medium MS or WPM were tested both presence or absence of activated charcoal. For acclimatization of micropropagated plants, the effect of different concentrations of sucrose in the nutrient medium WPM and two kinds of commercial substrates were evaluated. The effect of the, osmotic regulator, mannitol, presence or absence sucrose, on the performance of in vitro nodal segments, aimed at in vitro conservation of germplasm was also observed. Three protocols were tested to isolate genomic DNA from young leaves, proving its efficiency and quality by spectrophotometry quantification and digestion with the Hind III restriction endonuclease. The main results show that genotypes differ both in their physiological and sanitary quality, and maintain their viability after six months of storage in a refrigerator. For in vitro multiplication of nodal segments, the addition of cytokinins to the nutrient medium is dispensable ,and when added, promote callus formation, unwanted at such stage. The rooting of nodal segments is successful in nutrient medium WPM in the absence of activated charcoal and it was found that the pulse treatment with IBA concentrations exceeding 9μM may optimize the process. The concentration of 30 g L-1 sucrose in the nutrient medium WPM is effective in develop plants capable of acclimatization using either commercial substrate Mecplant® or H-Decker®. It is possible in vitro conservation of nodal segments under minimal growth for a period of 120 days with the use of mannitol combined with sucrose concentrations of up to 15 g L-1 in the nutrient medium ½MS. The DNA isolated protocols were effective to obtain DNA concentration and quality still with the presence of proteins and polysaccharides. The results may contribute to the existing information on the in vitro propagation of Luehea divaricata, supporting breeding programs, germplasm conservation and analysis of genetic variability in natural populations.
Luehea divaricata Mart. & Zucc., é uma espécie nativa, dos Biomas Mata Atlântica e Pampa, pertence à família Malvaceae, conhecida comumente como açoita-cavalo. Considerando-se a necessidade de recuperação e restauração de áreas degradadas, a demanda crescente por sementes e mudas de espécies florestais nativas, e a contribuição de trabalhos de pesquisa com espécies nativas será de grande importância para o setor florestal e ambiental, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade de sementes, analisar e selecionar metodologias para a micropropagação e para a conservação in vitro de Luehea divaricata e, também, para o isolamento de DNA genômico da espécie. Foram conduzidos testes de qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes conservadas em papel Kraft no interior de refrigerador, em dois períodos distintos, coletadas em diferentes pontos de ocorrência natural da espécie. No desenvolvimento de metodologias para micropropagação os estudos foram divididos em diferentes experimentos, testando-se, primeiramente, as respostas de culturas iniciadas a partir de epicótilos, aos estímulos de diferentes fontes e concentrações de citocinina na multiplicação in vitro. Na sequência, foi avaliado o efeito do tratamento pulse com concentrações de AIB sobre a capacidade de enraizamento in vitro de segmentos nodais, cultivados em meios nutritivos MS ou WPM, na presença ou ausência de carvão ativado. Na fase de aclimatização de plantas micropropagadas foram avaliados o efeito de diferentes concentrações de sacarose no meio nutritivo WPM, e, também, de dois tipos de substratos comerciais. Foi verificado adicionalmente, o efeito do regulador osmótico manitol, associado ou não à sacarose, sobre o desempenho in vitro de segmentos nodais, visando à conservação in vitro de germoplasma. Foram testados três protocolos para isolar DNA genômico a partir de folhas jovens, comprovou-se sua qualidade e eficiência, por meio de quantificação por espectrofotometria e digestão com a endonuclease de restrição Hind III. Os principais resultados obtidos demostraram que sementes de açoita-cavalo apresentam diferenças na sua qualidade fisiológica e sanitária, e mantêm a sua viabilidade após seis meses de armazenamento em refrigerador. Para a multiplicação in vitro de segmentos nodais de açoita-cavalo a adição de citocininas ao meio nutritivo e dispensável, e quando adicionadas, promovem formação de calos, indesejados nessa fase. O enraizamento in vitro de segmentos nodais é bem-sucedido em meio nutritivo WPM na ausência de carvão ativado e obteve-se que o tratamento pulse com concentrações de AIB superiores a 9μM pode otimizar o processo. A concentração 30 g L-1 de sacarose no meio nutritivo WPM é eficiente na formação de plantas passíveis de aclimatização utilizando-se substrato comercial Mecplant® ou H-Decker®. É possível a conservação in vitro de segmentos nodais de açoita-cavalo, sob condições de crescimento mínimo, pelo período de 120 dias com a utilização de manitol combinado a concentrações de sacarose de até 15 g L-1, no meio nutritivo ½MS. Os protocolos de isolamento de DNA são eficientes em obter DNA com quantidade e qualidade aceitáveis, porém, ainda com a presença de proteínas e polissacarídeos. Os resultados obtidos poderão contribuir com as informações existentes sobre a propagação in vitro de açoita-cavalo, apoiando programas de melhoramento, conservação de germoplasma e análise da variabilidade genética de populações naturais.
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Godet, Xavier. "Biologie du colchique (colchicum autumnale l. ) : multiplication vegetative par voie traditionnelle et in vitro." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF2D189.
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Examen des cycles biologiques de la plante adulte et de la plante juvenile: les exigences thermiques, les potentialites du bourgeon vegetatif accessoire, variabilite individuelle pour la production de graines et d'alcaloides. Une methode de multiplication vegetative est recherchee: en pepiniere ou in vitro, possibilite de fragmenter les cornus; caulogenese in vitro. La possibilite d'une biosynthese d'alcaloides par des cellules de colchique cultivees in vitro est evoquee
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Richez-Dumanois, Christine. "Multiplication vegetative et conservation in vitro d'un clone selectionne de chanvre a fibres (cannabis sativa l. ) : influence sur le developpement et la teneur en cannabinoides." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066602.
Full textAbstract:
Le chanvre fait l'objet de nombreux travaux de selection portant sur la qualite de la fibre et le contenu en cannabinoides des plantes. Le but de cette etude est la mise au point pour un clone de chanvre a fibre, de methodes de multiplication vegetative et de conservation, adaptees a la selection varietable du chanvre. L'etude du bouturage horticole dans differentes conditions thermiques et photoperiodiques a montre l'effet positif de l'alternance des temperatures sur le developpement morphologique et chimique des boutures ainsi que la necessite d'un eclairement continu pour le maintien des plantes-meres vegetatives. Cette recherche a revele l'existence de gradients chimiques et morphologiques generalement favorables au choix de la moitie superieure des plantes
9
CHOUFFOT, STRUYCKEN BARBARA. "Contribution a l'etude des capacites de multiplication vegetative du shorea curtisii dyer ex king, diphterocarpaceae de malaisie." Strasbourg 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13138.
Full textAbstract:
Surexploitee pour son bois, infeodee pour son developpement a une mycorhization, dependant d'une production de semences episodique et d'une germination aleatoire, shorea curtisii, incapable en outre de multiplication vegetative spontanee ou par les procedes traditionnels, est tres representatif des dipterocarpacees asiatiques menacees d'extinction rapide. Une mise au point d'un procede de micropropagation in vitro contribuerait a sauvegarder l'espece. L'observation, chez shorea curtisii, de galles epiphylles a organisation de bourgeon abortif suggerant une certaine aptitude des feuilles a la neoformation de meristemes caulinaires, privilegie celles-ci pour larecherche d'une methode de clonage in vitro (. . . )
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Beldjabri, Nacéra. "Culture in vitro chez diverses plantes florales (Lisianthus, pétunia, tabac et pervenche de Madagascar) dans le but d'embryogenèse somatique : obtention de cals et de régénérations." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL116N.
Full textAbstract:
Dans ce travail, l'embryogenèse somatique a été tentée chez différentes espèces florales : le Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) le pétunia (Petunia hybrida), le tabac (Nicotiana glutinosa et Nicotiana langsdorfii) et la pervenche de Madagascar (Catharanthus roseus). Les expérimentations ont consisté en la culture in vitro de différents organes : anthères, ovaires, fragments de feuilles, fragments d'entre-nœuds et de pédoncules floraux de chacune des espèces étudiées. Les essais réalisés ont porté sur l'influence du prétraitement au froid, de la composition du milieu de culture, de la taille des boutons à mettre en culture et de la lumière et de l'obscurité. Outre l'obtention d'un embryon somatique issu d'une anthère de Lisianthus, des résultats intéressants et reproductibles de callogenèse et de régénération de plantes sont apparus à partir de tous les organes mis en culture chez le Lisianthus, le pétunia et le tabac. Les réponses des différentes espèces vis-à-vis des facteurs d'études en termes de callogenèse et de régénération, sont fonction de l'organe mis en culture et du stade de développement de chacun des éléments utilisés.
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Edesi, J. (Jaanika). "The effect of light spectral quality on cryopreservation success of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) shoot tips in vitro." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526219219.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Cryopreservation enables storage of genetic resources at ultra-low temperatures (<-150°C) while maintaining viability and regeneration capability. The method is especially suitable for long-term preservation of plant materials that cannot be stored as seeds. The genetic resources of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), one of the most important food crops in the world, are preserved almost entirely by vegetative preservation. Cryopreservation is therefore increasingly applied for securing potato genetic resources in plant genebanks. A major challenge is, however, that recovery percentages can extensively vary among different genotypes. Light spectral quality is among the most important factors affecting plant growth and morphogenesis, but its effect with regard to cryopreservation has not been studied. In the present thesis, I studied the effect of six different light qualities on cryopreservation success of five potato cultivars before and after cryopreservation. I also explored how the different light conditions affect gene transcript abundance of recovering potato shoot tips. The results indicate that light spectral quality significantly affects the cryopreservation success of potato shoot tips in vitro. Prior to cryopreservation, cultivation under blue LEDs resulted in high initial survival, while post-cryopreservation exposure to a combination of red and blue LEDs (90% red, 10% blue) doubled the regeneration percentages. Concurrently, for most cultivars, red LEDs had adverse effects both before and after cryopreservation. The transcriptome analysis of potato shoot tips revealed the complex and extensive effect of cryopreservation on transcript abundance. Moreover, the expression level of stress- and defence-responsive genes was affected by light spectral quality. The positive effect of red-blue LEDs on shoot formation could tentatively be associated with a higher level of morphogenesis-related transcripts and lower level of stress and defence-responsive transcripts. The present thesis reveals that light spectral quality is an additional non-cryogenic factor, which can significantly increase the cryopreservation efficiency of plant germplasmTiivistelmä Syväjäädytys mahdollistaa geenivarojen säilytyksen erittäin alhaisissa lämpötiloissa (<-150°C), siten että niiden elin- ja uusiutumiskyky säilyvät. Menetelmä soveltuu erityisesti sellaisten kasvimateriaalien pitkäaikaissäilytykseen, joita ei voida säilöä siementen avulla. Peruna (Solanum tuberosum L.) on yksi maailman tärkeimmistä ruokakasveista ja sen geenivaroja säilytetään lähes pelkästään vegetatiivisesti. Syväjäädytysmenetelmää käytetäänkin kasvavissa määrin perunan geenivarojen taltioimiseen geenipankeissa. Haasteena on kuitenkin syväjäädytyksen jälkeinen suuri vaihtelu elpymisprosenteissa eri genotyyppien välillä. Valon laatu on yksi tärkeimmistä kasvien kasvuun ja kehitykseen vaikuttavista tekijöistä, mutta sen vaikutusta syväjäädytyksen yhteydessä ei ole tutkittu. Väitöskirjassani tutkin kuuden erilaisen valonlaadun vaikutusta sekä syväjäädytystä edeltävän että sen jälkeisen kasvatuksen aikana viiden perunalajikkeen selviytymiseen. Lisäksi tutkin, miten erilaiset valo-olosuhteet vaikuttivat geenien ilmenemiseen elpyvissä perunan versonkärjissä. Tutkimukseni osoitti, että valon laatu vaikuttaa merkittävästi perunan versonkärkien kykyyn elpyä syväjäädytyksestä in vitro -olosuhteissa. Kun perunan versonkärkiä kasvatettiin sinisten LED-valojen alla ennen syväjäädytystä, niiden elävyysprosentit olivat korkeita, kun taas syväjäädytystä seuraava kasvatus sinipunaisten LED-valojen (90 % punaista, 10 % sinistä) alla kaksinkertaisti uusiutumisprosentit. Samanaikaisesti suurimmalle osalle lajikkeista punaisilla LED-valoilla oli epäsuotuisat vaikutukset selviytymiseen sekä syväjäädytystä edeltävän, että sitä seuraavan kasvatuksen aikana. Perunan kärkisilmujen geeniekspressioanalyysi osoitti, että syväjäädyttäminen aiheuttaa laajoja ja monitahoisia vaikutuksia kasvin geenien toiminnassa. Valon laatu vaikutti erityisesti stressi- ja puolustusgeenien ilmenemiseen. Tulokset viittaavat siihen että sinipunaisten LED-valojen uusiutumista edistävä vaikutus voi liittyä morfogeneesissä toimivien geenituotteiden runsauteen ja toisaalta stressi- ja puolustusgeenituotteiden määrän laskuun. Kaiken kaikkiaan tutkimukseni osoitti, että valon laatu on tärkeä ei-kryogeeninen tekijä, joka voi lisätä kasvien syväjäädytyksen tehokkuutta
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Mesen, Jose Francisco. "Vegetative propagation of Central American hardwoods." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11162.
Full textAbstract:
This study was carried out at the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE), Bush Estate, Scotland, and at the Centre for Tropical Agricultural Research and Education (CATIE), Turrialba, Costa Rica, from December 1989 to September 1993. The work concentrated on two hardwood species native to Central America, Albizia guachapele (Kunth) Dug, and Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pavon) Oken. The main objectives of the study were to determine the effects of physiological factors on the rooting ability of both species and identify the optimal conditions for root initiation in leafy, stem cuttings using non-mist propagators. The study focused on some of the factors, both pre- and post-severance, generally accepted as having a crucial influence in determining the rooting ability of leafy cuttings. These included the stockplant growth environment, cutting origin, cutting foliar area, auxins, rooting media and propagation environment. Discussions are presented on the effects of these factors on cutting morphology and physiology, and their influence on the process of adventitious root formation. The practical implications for the propagation of both species and for further research are also discussed.
13
Fouret, Yolande. "Etude in vitro du rajeunissement prealable a la micropropagation chez le sequoia sempervirens (endl. ) : recherche de marqueurs morphologiques, physiologiques et biochimiques." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066379.
Full textAbstract:
En utilisant la technique de culture in vitro, nous nous sommes attaches a etudier les modalites du rajeunissement par des subcultures reiterees d'explants miniaturises chez deuxx clones de sequoia sempervirens issus d'arbres ages de 50 et 500 ans. Le choix du traitement doit etre d'autant plus drastique que le clone est issu d'arbres ages. Parmi les nombreux criteres etudies, nous en avons determine plusieurs permettant de suivre l'evolution du rajeunissement du materiel : la hauteur des tiges, le nombre de feuilles, l'enracinnement ( pourcentage et delai) et la reactivation des meristemes caulinaires isoles
14
Louerguioui, Ali. "Techniques de multiplication par clonage "in vitro" du genre eucalyptus." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37615472r.
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Hagen, Randall H. 1956. "Vegetative propagation of Cercidium, Parkinsonia, and Prosopis species." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277321.
Full textAbstract:
Two methods of vegetative propagation, stem cuttings under mist and air layering, were examined for the 'Desert Museum' hybrid palo verde and species of Cercidium, Parkinsonia, and Prosopis. Basal cuttings of 'Desert Museum' gave higher rates of rooting than apical cuttings and showed better rooting in April than September. Two-node cuttings produced more rooted cuttings for an equal stem length than three- or four-node cuttings. Cuttings of six other species and hybrids of Cercidium and Parkinsonia, as well as six species and hybrids of Prosopis, were also successfully rooted. Indolebutyric acid (IBA) in the range of 2,500 to 5,000 ppm generally improved rooting compared with no IBA treatment. Bottom heat of 30 to 35°C was required for high rooting rates for all species. Air layers of Prosopis chilensis averaged 94% rooting using stem diameters of 8 to 10 mm. IBA at 5,000 ppm improved rooting by 70% over 0 ppm. Air layers of Cercidium, Parkinsonia, and other species of Prosopis were also rooted.
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Pope, Dennis P., John H. Brock, and Ralph A. Backhaus. "Vegetative Propagation of Key Southwestern Woody Riparian Species." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609140.
Full textAbstract:
A series of laboratory and greenhouse experiments were designed with the objective of determining effective methods of vegetatively propagating selected woody riparian species for use in restoration of Southwestern riparian habitats. Cuttings from four major southwest riparian species including Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii), Goodding Willow (Salix gooddingii), Arizona Sycamore (Platanus wrightii), and Arizona Walnut (juglans major) were collected along the Gila River in western New Mexico. Propagation studies with hardwood and root cuttings were performed. Results from these studies determined that Fremont Cottonwood and Goodding Willow could be readily propagated from dormant stem cuttings. Nodal explants from the laboratory -grown Arizona walnut seedlings were tissue -cultured in order to develop a method to mass produce this difficult to propagate species. A nutrient and hormone solution was formulated that resulted in shoot proliferation of Arizona walnut explants in vitro.
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Högberg, Karl-Anders. "Possibilities and limitations of vegetative propagation of Norway spruce /." Uppsala : Dept. of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/s294.pdf.
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Plume, Catherine Ann 1961. "Vegetative propagation of Arizona sycamore (Platanus wrightii) by cuttings." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277324.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to determine potential propagation of Arizona sycamore (Platanus wrightii) from cuttings for use in riparian revegetation projects. Cuttings gathered from trees in Superior, Arizona during Fall 1988 and Spring 1989, and from Madera Canyon near Tucson, Arizona in Fall 1989 were treated with various concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA). In all studies, numbers of rooted cuttings decreased when concentrations of greater than 5,000 ppm IBA were used. Cuttings from young trunk sprouts in Fall 1988 had a higher rooting frequency than cuttings from other source trees and produced the greatest number and the longest roots in Spring 1989. In Fall 1989, plastic pots with a 1:1 perlite:vermiculite media resulted in higher rooting frequencies than when peat was incorporated into the media. While cuttings in all studies successfully rooted in the greenhouse, no plants survived outplanting on a 160 m elevation floodplain. Propagation of Arizona sycamore is more difficult than that of Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) of Goodings willow (Salix goodingii) but cuttings will root with careful attention in the greenhouse.
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Reynolds, Glen. "The vegetative propagation and early development of dipterocarp cuttings." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440500.
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Aminah, Hamzah. "Vegetative propagation of Shorea leprosula Miq. by stem cuttings." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13262.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis reports new studies on the factors affecting the rooting of single node leafy stem cuttings of Shorea leprosula, a Dipterocarp timber tree native to South East Asia. Several aspects of vegetative propagation were investigated including treatments of the stock plants from which the cuttings were taken, propagation systems and post-severance treatments to cuttings. Stock plants raised in 1 litre pots of forest top soil and sand (3:1), and fertilised every two weeks with 0.5 g per plant of NPK fertiliser (12%N:12%P2O5:17%K2O:2MgO + Trace elements) were suitable for production of cuttings. Cuttings from stock plants raised under low irradiance of 0 to 325 μmol photons m-2s-1 (nominally 10% full sunlight) produced higher rooting and more roots than those from a high irradiance of 0 to 722 μmol photons m-2s-1 (nominally 30% full sunlight). S.leprosula stem cuttings rooted equally well in the mist and non-mist propagation systems as long as a consistently low vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was maintained. A temporary increase in the VPD of more than 0.5 kPa at peak irradiance could be tolerated by S.leprosula cuttings. Cuttings also rooted equally well in media with either low or high water retaining capacity such as river sand, coconut fibre or a mixture of these two media. A diurnal irradiance of 0 to 360 μmol photons m-2s-1 was adequate for rooting but 0 to 98 μmol photons m-2s-1 resulted in low rates of net photosynthesis (Pn) and a much reduced rooting success. In the enclosed mist propagation system, misting every 1 hour with a 1 minute duration of spray, throughout the day and night, provided sufficient moisture to cuttings and maintained mean relative humidity of more than 90%. Cuttings planted in the same system with a 3 hour misting frequency tended to develop water deficit as indicated by low relative water content and stomatal conductance.
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Bon, Marie-Claude. "Aspects biochimiques du clonage de sequoias geants (sequoiadendron giganteum buchholz) jeunes et ages." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF21076.
Full textAbstract:
L'efficacite de la micropropagation du sequoia geant demeure conditionnee par l'etat de juvenilite des explants, sous la dependance de l'age physiologique. La synthese des analyses proteiques en tenant compte de l'influence des parametres physiologiques et genotypiques permet de proposer une proteine membranaire de 16000 daltons (j16) comme marqueur du degre de juvenilite ou par corollaire de maturite, renseignant notamment sur les potentialites organogenes de reactivite des explants en vue du clonage conforme
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Mibus, Raelene. "Banksia floriculture export marketing and vegetative biology fundamental to clonal propagation /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm618.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, 1998.Copy of author's previous publications inserted. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, 1999? Bibliography: leaves 301-315.
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Yang, Zhi. "Vegetative propagation and genetic fingerprinting of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus amplifolia." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024073.
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Ford, Craig M. "The vegetative propagation and quality specifications of Pinus Patula hybrid cuttings." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79712.
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Pinus patula has for many years been the most important softwood species
along the eastern regions of southern Africa but as a result of the pine
pathogen, Fusarium circinatum, there have been serious establishment issues
and difficulties in propagating P. patula from either seed or cuttings. In
response to this threat, research has been conducted on the development of
F. circinatum-tolerant P. patula and hybridising it with more tolerant Pinus
species such as P. tecunumanii. Not enough hybrid seed can, however, be
produced to replace P. patula seedling production. It has therefore become
necessary to investigate the production of tolerant P. patula families and
various P. patula hybrid alternatives through vegetative propagation. The
suitability of P. patula hybrids to the current and future vegetative propagation
systems, that is hedges in polythene bags with composted pine bark growing
media and hydroponic sand beds. It is also necessary to determine what the
ideal plant specifications for those hybrid cuttings being produced are in order
to ensure good survival and stocking. The potential gains from high quality
planting stock include optimum stocking and volume growth. While some
plant quality work has been undertaken on P. patula seedlings there has not
been any research into the plant quality specifications required for the
successful deployment of P. patula hybrid cuttings.
The objective of this study was thus to: investigate the propagation
potential of these taxa in the two vegetative propagation systems, with natural
infection by Fusarium circinatum; and to test the morphological plant quality
specifications for Pinus patula x Pinus tecunumanii (low elevation, LE) rooted
cuttings required for optimal survival and growth after planting.
The taxa propagation investigation comprised two experiments; a taxa
production experiment and a propagation system experiment. Experiments
were carried out at the Sappi Shaw Research Centre located near Howick,
South Africa (S29°28.53’ E30°10.75’). The taxa sele cted represented a range of
predicted F. circinatum tolerance. Each experiment comprised 23 family
treatments (across eight hybrid and pure taxa). A total of 2300 hedges were
included in the taxa production experiment, planted in the current commercial
standard which is composted pine bark growing media in black polythene
bags. The propagation system experiment, compared two hedge system types,
the hydroponic sand bed and current commercial standard. A total of 1200
hedges were included in this experiment. A pine mini-hedge system was
employed to produce juvenile shoots for vegetative propagation in both
experiments. Rooted cuttings were produced between October 2008 and June
2012. Over the 45 month period a total of 23 shoot harvests were set.
All dying hedge plants were collected and sent for laboratory
confirmation of infection by F. circinatum. Needle samples from 493 hedges
across selected hybrid crosses and P. patula as well as all 714 hedges of P.
patula x P. tecunumanii (LE) were submitted for DNA fingerprinting to confirm
their hybrid status.
Significant differences (p < 0.001) in mortality associated with
F. circinatum were observed between the P. patula x P. tecunumanii (LE)
hybrid (6%) and P. patula (19-23%). No significant differences in mortality
associated with F. circinatum were observed within P. patula x P. tecunumanii
(LE) families which ranged from zero to 15 percent. Significant mortality
differences (p < 0.001) were observed between P. patula families which ranged from eight to 44 percent. The number of rooted cuttings produced, per hedge
established, over the four year period was significantly better (p < 0.001) in the
P. patula x P. tecunumanii (LE) hybrid (52) than in P. patula (29-33). Significant
differences (p < 0.001) were also observed in the number of rooted cuttings
produced per family, with P. patula x P. tecunumanii (LE) families ranging from
35 to 70 cuttings per hedge plant established and P. patula families between 20
and 42 cuttings. Over the four year duration of the trial all taxa showed
increased productivity in hedges grown in a hydroponic sand bed system,
which received more consistent fertilisation and yielded an average of 55
rooted cuttings per hedge, over those grown in polythene bags with composed
pine bark medium which yielded 41 cuttings on average.
To investigate the morphological plant quality requirements for Pinus
patula x Pinus tecunumanii rooted cuttings, rooted cuttings aged between 2
and 23 months, from time of setting, were selected from multiple families to
establish a plant quality field trial. Cuttings were grouped into five age
treatments and planted in a randomised complete block design in 7 by 7 tree
plots and with 6 replications. A total of 20 hybrid families were included.
Cuttings were raised in 90ml inserts in a containerised system with composted
pine bark growing medium. Plant quality measures were assessed across 1470
individual cuttings, with age being used as a grouping factor at field planting.
The cutting quality parameters included in this study were; plant age, height,
RCD, needle colour, root plug colonisation, visual presence of
ectomycorrhizae and number of visible white root tips. Survival and growth for
each individual cutting was recorded at one year after field planting.
The ideal raising period for P. patula x P. tecunumanii (LE) cuttings,
grown in a 90ml cavity was 10 months from setting. The ideal height for
cuttings was 28-32cm and the ideal root collar diameter range was 3.5mm -
4.5mm. The root plug was optimal when no growing medium fell off the plug
when extracted from the insert; the root plug was firm but not hard and the
plug was well colonised with a high proportion of thin brown roots. It was
optimal to have at least three or more actively growing white root tips present
and visible evidence of ectomycorrhizae. Needles in the dark mid-green to
dark green range were shown to be optimal.
These plant quality recommendations were based on findings from a
single trial site that experienced good planting conditions and good rainfall.
As a result, the effects of significant water stress on the survival and growth of
these cuttings was not adequately assessed and would require further testing.
This study showed that the P. patula x P. tecunumanii (LE) hybrid is a feasible
substitute for P. patula in both vegetative propagation systems, as it not only
shows improved survival, through increased F. circinatum tolerance, but also
improved productivity. It also showed that even under ideal planting
conditions cutting age, height, root collar diameter, needle colour, root plug
integrity and the number of white roots all had a significant effect on survival
and growth of cuttings a year after field establishment.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
Plant Production and Soil Science
MSc
Unrestricted
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Ahmad, Darus. "Vegetative propagation of Acacia mangium Wild. by stem cuttings and tissue culture techniques." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1988. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU499990.
Full textAbstract:
The main objectives of this investigation were: 1. to evaluate vegetative propagation of Acacia mangium using stem cuttings and tissue cultures techniques as a means of producing healthy planting stock, 2. to study the anatomy of root formation and development in Acacia mangium stem cuttings, and 3. to study the physiological and morphological factors involved in rooting of Acacia mangium stem cuttings.Acacia mangium stem cuttings rooted easily but the rooting percentage declined with the increasing age of stock plants. The application of auxins and the use of cuttings with half size phyllodes increased the rooting percentage. A 1:1 mixture of sand and Irish sphagnum peat was found to be the best rooting medium. The anatomical studies of a 1-year-old stem showed that the Acacia mangium stem did not have preformed root premordia but the root primordia were initiated in the phloem region, very near to cambial cells, in between the active medullary rays. A micropropagation technique for Acacia mangium was successfully developed. The optimum cytokinin concentration for multiple shoot induction was found to be 0.5 mg/1 of BAP for nodal explants from aseptically germinated seedlings and 1.0 mg/1 of BAP for nodal explants of 8-month-old greenhouse-grown seedlings, giving an average of 25.6 and 16.9 shoots per explant respectively. Shoots which were ≥0.5 cm in length were easily rooted in a humidified rooting chamber. It is estimated that after six culture cycles each of 2 months duration, more than 87 million rooted shoots could be obtained from a single aseptically germinated seedling and more than 1 million rooted shoots could be obtained from a single nodal explant of 8-month-old greenhouse-grown seedlings. A healthy callus was readily obtained from stem explants of 1-month-old aseptically germinated seedlings but all attempts to induce shoots from callus failed.
26
Maarri, Khalil al. "Micropropagation in vitro du pommier (M9), du poirier ("williams" et "passe crassane") et du cognassier de Provence : problèmes posés par l'état physiologique du matériel." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066057.
Full textAbstract:
Au cours du travail présenté dans ce mémoire, nous sommes parvenus à obtenir, de façon systématique, la micropropagation in vitro et l'acclimatation ex vitro non seulement des poiriers juvéniles issus de pépins de "passe crassane", mais aussi du cognassier de Provence et de deux cultivars de poirier, "williams" et "passe crassane". Les conditions de culture concernant les différentes phases de la micropropagation et l'acclimatation ont été étudiées. Plusieurs problèmes d'ordre physiologique (dormance des bourgeons in vitro, anomalie des pousses formées, nécrose des apex) ont pu être surmontés ou limités.
27
Bekkaoui, Faouzi. "Microbouturage in vitro et culture de méristèmes de Douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii) : problèmes liés à l’âge et au milieu de culture." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066383.
Full textAbstract:
La multiplication des microboutures au cours des subcultures est caractérisée par une évolution de l'état physiologique qui dépend de l’âge, des réserves nutritives et du milieu de culture. Parmi les problèmes qui limitent la multiplication végétative: l'hyperhydrie et le gonflement des tiges des microboutures. Le premier est caractérisé par une teneur en eau élevée, par des rapports p/na, k/na et cytokinines/auxine élevés. Le deuxième est caractérisé par une teneur élevé en zéatine+zéatine-riboside. Les méristèmes de plantes d'âges différents ont une réactivité distincte aux niveaux morphologique et physiologique.
28
Refeno, Germain. "Contribution a l'étude de la méristogénèse chez Vanilla planifolia Andr. (orchidée) et de ses applications." Strasbourg 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13172.
Full textAbstract:
Mise au point de deux méthodes de multiplication végétative in vitro, à haut rendement : l'une à partir d'axilla foliaires de la liane, l'autre utilisant les bourgeons des extrémités des racines aériennes. Mise en évidence de potentialités, non réalisées dans les conditions normales, au niveau du méristème terminal des racines adventives
29
Exadaktylou, Efstathia. "Vegetative propagation of Gisela 5 cherry rootstock and its susceptibility to commercially significant pathogens." Thesis, University of Essex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495531.
Full textAbstract:
Gisela 5 consists one of the most promising new cherry rootstocks in Greece. However, there is a gap in the knowledge related to the propagation of this rootstock by using cuttings. The first aim of this study was to investigate different methods to propagate the cherry rootstocks Gisela 5. The results showed that, this rootstock can be propagated by using hardwood cuttings with a moderate percentage of rooting (about 60%). More investigation is required in testing the frequency of irrigations on the rooting of cuttings in different rooting media. In addition, ·more work should be done to examine the possibly effect of endogenous hormones, carbohydrates and mineral elements in rooting of cuttings. It could help to understand better how the external factors affect the percentage of rooting of Gisela 5 cuttings. Propagation of Gisela 5 by using semi-hardwood cuttings is also possible, but the percentage of rooting is relatively low (about 35%). Improvement of the rooting could be achieved if the effect of some other external factors, such as etiolating, age of mother trees etc is examined. In cases of which propagation of Gisela 5 cherry rootstock with hardwood and semi-hardwood cuttings is impossible, the use of root cuttings could be another way to propagate this rootstock with high percentage of sprouting (67%) and rooting (90%) of achievement. More investigations should be conducted to evaluate the effect of higher concentrations of BOP on improvement of sprouting. This study also gives data for the use of micrografting as a quick grafting method. The percentage of achievement of micro grafted plants can be improved in a percentage of 55-60% if parafilm is used as wrapping material and covering of plants after micrografting. A method to produce inter-stocked trees with the micrografting method was evaluated although the percentage of achievement is low (10%). In this study, using micrografting in combination to thermotherapy was not an effective method to produce virus-free, probably because of inappropriate method of thermotherapy. More investigation should be done by using different method of thermotherapy so that vims-free plants will be able produced. In this study, experiments were conducted to i.mprove the tissue culture propagation of Gisela 5 , cherry rootstock additionally to the previous works. The results showed that shoot apices possibly are appropriate explants for the tissue culture propagation of this rootstock. Adding 5 ~lM lBA in combination to 0.15 glucose in medium improved the rooting of Gisela 5 explants. Supplement of medium with BA at concentrations as low as 0.5 ~M in'creased the sprouting of explants. Considering the importance of the diseases Phytophthora crown rot, Crown gall and Bacterial canker for the cultivation of cherry trees, it is essential for growers to know the level of susceptibility of Gisela 5 to these diseases. In this study, the susceptibility of cherry rootstock Gisela 5 to infection by Phytophthora Crown Rot (P. cactorum, P. citrophthora, P. parasitica, and P. citricola), Crown Gall (Agrobacterillm tllmejaciens) and Bacterial Canker (Pselldonwnas syringae) was evaluated. The results showed that Gisela 5 is susceptible to all pathogens tested. The susceptibility of Gisela 5 in natural infections by the pathogens used in this study should also be evaluated. Before that, caution should be taken when Gisela 5 is used in locations where these diseases are endemic and this may limit its commercial potential.
30
Spanos, Konstantinos A. "Screening for resistance to Seiridium canker in the Cupressaceae and vegetative propagation of cypresses." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=165514.
Full textAbstract:
Artificial inoculations in the Cupressaceae proved that Seiridium cardinale was more virulent than S.cupressi and S.unicorne. Cupressus macrocarpa was found to be highly susceptible to Seiridium canker, C.sempervirens very susceptible, while C.torulosa and C.arizonica were moderately susceptible. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana was highly resistant to S.cardinale, but very susceptible to S.unicorne and moderately susceptible to S.cupressi. Intraspecific variation in susceptibility to S.cardinale was found in C.sempervirens. S.cupressi was more pathogenic than S.unicorne on C.macrocarpa, C.arizonica and C.torulosa, whereas it was less pathogenic on C.sempervirens. Mature bark proved to be more resistant to Seiridium canker than young bark. Low variability in pathogenicity of S.cardinale was found, with only one isolate out of eight proving to be a weaker pathogen. Histological examination of bark of cypress seedlings following infection with S.cardinale revealed the formation of strong necrophylactic periderm as an important resistance mechanism against Seiridium attack, and was particularly marked in C.lawsoniana. Strong necrophylactic periderms were detected in resistant and tolerant clones of C.sempervirens, whereas weak or a series of easily re-invaded ones were found in susceptible clones. Variations in pathogenicity of Seiridium in in vitro inoculations of micropropagated cypress shoots paralleled results found in the glasshouse. Wounding of micropropagated shoots significantly increased the size of lesions caused by all three Seiridium spp. In axenic conditions, hyphae of Seiridium spp. penetrated host tissues through stomatal apertures or directly through the cuticle. Under these conditions, infected tissues of C.lawsoniana formed ligno-suberized barriers as a result of fungal invasion, whereas those of C.sempervirens did not.
31
Tchoundjeu, Z. "Vegetative propagation of the tropical hardwoods, Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. and Lovoa trichilioides Harms." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13095.
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Tan, Chia Lock. "Tissue culture and genetic transformation of Theobroma cacao." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310835.
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Käslin, Edgar. "In vitro hybrid DNA formation by proteins from vegetative Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells /." [S.l : s.n.], 1993. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Label, Philippe. "Hormones endogenes et multiplication vegetative in vitro chez le merisier (prunus avium l)." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066337.
Full textAbstract:
Mesure des teneurs en substances de croissance dans des explants au cours de la micropropagation in vitro du merisier. Deux etapes sont plus particulierement etudiees, la reactivation de croissance des bourgeons axillaires et l'enracinement donnant lieu a la neoformation de racines
35
Magalhães, Tomás Thormann Abranches de. "Propagação e fenologia da Corema album (L.) D. Don. Ensaios de propagação vegetativa por estaca. Caracterização fenológica e proposta de escala BBCH." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10923.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Engenharia Rural - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe dioecious specie Corema album, endemic from the Iberian Atlantic coast, has potential in the berry market. Two vegetative propagation experiments were conducted in a controlled environment, the phenology of wild plants was described, and a BBCH scale was proposed. These experiments compared the survival and rooting of: 1) two types of genotypes (wild and cultivated) treated with auxins (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm); 2) nine origins in two rooting mediums (“Siro” and “Fataca”). The genotype influenced the survival and rooting. After 165 days the genotype from “Aldeia do Meco Wild” had the best rooting (59.3 %), and “Aldeia do Meco Cultivated” had the worst survival (40.0 %), the auxin didn’t influence the outcome. The rooting medium and the origin influenced the survival and rooting, “Siro” had the best survival (77.4 %) and rooting (74.6 %). The best origin was Vila Real de Santo António with 63.6 % rooted. The phenological observations took place between January and September at Aldeia do Meco. Vegetative growth was similar on male and female plants with different timings. Flowering is synchronous and fruit formation and development took place between 27 March and 16 August. Because of the dioecious characteristic, and two types of growth we added to the BBCH scale 3 sub phases, obtaining 7 phases and 3 sub phases
36
Ong, Robert C. "In vitro propagation of Betula uber (Ashe) Fernald." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040812/.
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Declerck-Leblanc, Véronique. "Micropropagation du rhododendron à l'échelle industrielle : aspects qualitatifs et quantitatifs." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES028.
Full textAbstract:
Aspects scientifiques de la production in vitro en relation avec l'activité "recherche-développement" d'un laboratoire industriel (LBV France). Mise au point d'une technique pour 30 variétés. Détermination d'un milieu de culture optimal pour chacune des phases de développement. Recherche de marqueurs précoces de la conformité et de l'identité variétale. Utilisation de l'électrophorèse, application à 14 systèmes enzymatiques. Proposition d'essai de modélisation appliqués à la planification et à la gestion de la production. Simulation de la généralisation de la cinétique de production sur 200 variétés réparties dans 15 genres différents.
38
Manning, Edward Patrick. "An Introduction to Local Multipoint Distribution Services with an Investigation of the Effects of Vegetation on the Radio Channel." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9792.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis takes the reader through an overview of issues pertinent to Local Multi-point Distribution Services (LMDS). The reader will first learn what LMDS is and then review the system architectures that are made available for LMDS technologies. After summarizing the basics of LMDS, we will compare it with some competing technologies.
The reader will then be guided through the aspects of millimeter (mm) wave radio link design. This should be a good lead into the experiment section, since it is suspected that the reader would want to be aware of what design techniques are involved in mm-wave radio link design and what issues may pose potential problems and how they may be mitigated.
Of the potential problems posed in the mm-wave radio link design section, one will be further investigated experimentally. This is the investigation of the effect of vegetation on the magnitude, phase and error vector magnitude (EVM) performance of an LMDS channel. The motivation for this experiment came from the review earlier work, which showed an unexpected relationship between carrier to noise ratio (C/N) and bit error rate BER.Master of Science
39
Wann, Steven R. "In vitro isolation and propagation of mammatoxin-resistant aspen." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5742.
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Siu, Lai-ping, and 蕭麗萍. "Conservation and in vitro propagation of Hong Kong Camellias." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31210545.
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Yardin, Catherine. "Induction, propagation, et blocage de l'apoptose neuronale in vitro." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO101A.
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Rafiri, Matumelo Alice. "Vegetative propagation of Pappea capensis Eckl.&Zeyh. (Jacket plum) by means of stem cuttings and air layers." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27677.
Full textAbstract:
Jacket plum [ Pappea capensis ( Eckl.&Zeyh)] belongs to the Sapindaceae or Litchi family. It is well adapted to different climatic conditions. It has been used for medicinal purposes for both animals and human beings. Due to the richness of seeds in oil, it has great potential to be selected for production of biodiesel in South Africa. Suitable vegetative propagation methods for Pappea capensis trees have not yet been investigated and sexual propagation does not produce true-to-type plants, which take many years to bear fruits. Therefore, research was carried out to identify alternative methods for vegetative propagation of Pappea capensis which could be used for rapid multiplication. Several vegetative propagation experiments were carried out with stem cuttings and air layers. Stem cuttings were collected from two mature Pappea capensis trees grown at the Experimental Farm of the University of Pretoria in the spring and autumn seasons. The cuttings were placed for rooting on the mist bed for rooting with and without Seradix® No. 2 [active ingredient, indolebutyric acid (IBA)] treatment. Other experiments followed in which the branches were girdled before making stem cutting to improve the level of any carbohydrates or available carbohydrates. Trials to investigate the rooting potential of Pappea capensis coppices, using different stem lengths, were also conducted. Rooting of Pappea capensis stem cuttings was unsuccessful. Air layers were made on the same trees where cuttings were collected. The trials were conducted in the spring and autumn seasons from 2006, 2007 and 2008. Some air layers were treated with Seradix® No. 2 and others were not treated with the auxin. High rooting percentages (100% in spring, 60% in autumn) were achieved with untreated air layers of Tree No. 1 and Tree No. 2 (80% in spring, 40% in autumn). Regardless of season, IBA and tree treatments, rooting was successful when the air layering method was used. Due to inconsistency in rooting from both vegetative methods, total phenolic compounds were extracted. The Folin-Ciaocalteau reagents method was used to extract phenolic compounds and the results were detected with Elisa reader instrument. The stem cuttings and air layers were further analysed for carbohydrates (starch and soluble sugars) with ó-toluidine reagent and ethanol and read with Spectrophotometer and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Higher levels of total phenol compounds were observed from callused (27.13 mg/g) and non rooted untreated (26.41 mg/g) stem cuttings from Tree No. 2, compared to IBA treated stem cuttings (19.90 mg/g) of callused and non rooted IBA treated stem cuttings (20.25 mg/g) of Tree No. 2. High total phenols (34.55 mg/g) in untreated air layers were also found in callused air layers of Tree No. 2 and lower amounts (22.85 mg/g) in treated air layers of the same tree. No soluble sugars were detected in stem cuttings or air layers with HPLC. Regarding starch, higher amounts were observed in stem cuttings of Tree No. 1 (18.45 mg/g) of the control and Tree No. 2 (19.82 mg/g) of IBA treated cuttings. Most of the air layers made on Tree No. 1 had higher percentages of starch, with the exception of the callused (7.41 mg/g) air layers of the control. Tree No. 2 air layers had very low amounts of starch when compared with those of Tree No. 1. The variation in rooting potential of stem cuttings and air layers led to the consideration of tree gender as a factor influencing success rates, where inflorescences were collected from the two Pappea capensis trees for two years (2007 and 2008). The microscopic investigations showed that Pappea capensis trees (Tree No. 1 and Tree No. 2) were monoecious, however, Tree No. 2 switched from monoecious to male by producing only male flowers. Based on the results of the above investigations, air layering in the spring season can be used as a (alternative) vegetative propagation method for Pappea capensis tree, but on specifically monoecious tree to obtain higher rooting percentage. However, these are preliminary trials which require further investigation.Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Plant Production and Soil Science
unrestricted
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Pita, Júnior José Luiz. "Propagação do rambutanzeiro (Nephelium lapacceum L.) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96881.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Antonio Baldo Geraldo MartinsBanca: Carlos Ruggiero
Banca: Simone Rodrigues da Silva
Resumo: O rambutan é uma frutífera tropical pertencente à família Sapindaceae, com origem no Sudeste Asiático, especialmente Malásia. No Brasil, o cultivo está em expansão e distribuído em diferentes estados e com plantas de origem seminífera, gerando pomares desuniformes e início de produção tardio. Com a propagação vegetativa é possível antecipar a fase produtiva, e também corrigir o problema de plantas masculinas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a enxertia em fenda cheia ao longo do ano e, a influência da aplicação de AIB em três diferentes formas no enraizamento de estacas do rambutan. A enxertia foi conduzida de set/2008 à ago/2010 no ripado de fruticultura da FCAV/Unesp, no município de Jaboticabal/SP, local onde também realizou-se a estaquia em jan/2010. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com 10 plantas/parcela na enxertia e 10 estacas/parcela na estaquia e 4 repetições em ambos experimentos. Para a enxertia as avaliações foram: porcentagem de pegamento mensal e por época, número e altura das brotações emitidas por enxerto e número de folíolos dos enxertos, e para a estaquia foram: porcentagem de sobrevivência, calejamento, pegamento e número e comprimento médio de raízes. Com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que o agosto e novembro são os meses mais adequados para o pegamento da enxertia do rambutan. Agosto é o melhor mês do ano para o desenvolvimento das brotações e folíolos dos enxertos. A melhor época do ano para a realização da enxertia é a primavera. A forma de aplicação de AIB e suas respectivas doses não influenciam nenhuma das variáveis analisadas
Abstract: The rambutan is a tropical fruit belonging to the Sapindaceae family, which originated in Southeast Asia, especially Malaysia. In Brazil, the cultivation is expanding and distributed in different states and with plant material seminiferous generating non uniform orchards and production starting late. With vegetative propagation is possible to anticipate the productive phase, and also fix the problem of male plants. This study aimed to evaluate the cleft grafting during the year, and the influence of IBA application in three different ways on the rooting of the rambutan. The grafting was conducted in Sep/2008 ago/2010 ripped the fruit of FCAV / UNESP in Jaboticabal / SP, which is also where the cutting took place in Jan/2010. The design was completely randomized, with 10 plants per plot of grafting and 10 cuttings per plot in the cutting and 4 replications in both experiments. For grafting were evaluated: successful rate per month and season, number and height of emitted buds per stock and leaflet number of grafts, and the cuttings were: percentage of survival, callus, and fixation number and average length of roots . With these results we can conclude that the August and November are the months most suitable for the fixation of the grafted rambutan. August is the best month of the year for the development of shoots and leaves of the grafts. The best season for grafting is spring. The form of application of IBA and their doses do not influence any of the variables
Mestre
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Pita, Júnior José Luiz [UNESP]. "Propagação do rambutanzeiro (Nephelium lapacceum L.)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96881.
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O rambutan é uma frutífera tropical pertencente à família Sapindaceae, com origem no Sudeste Asiático, especialmente Malásia. No Brasil, o cultivo está em expansão e distribuído em diferentes estados e com plantas de origem seminífera, gerando pomares desuniformes e início de produção tardio. Com a propagação vegetativa é possível antecipar a fase produtiva, e também corrigir o problema de plantas masculinas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a enxertia em fenda cheia ao longo do ano e, a influência da aplicação de AIB em três diferentes formas no enraizamento de estacas do rambutan. A enxertia foi conduzida de set/2008 à ago/2010 no ripado de fruticultura da FCAV/Unesp, no município de Jaboticabal/SP, local onde também realizou-se a estaquia em jan/2010. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com 10 plantas/parcela na enxertia e 10 estacas/parcela na estaquia e 4 repetições em ambos experimentos. Para a enxertia as avaliações foram: porcentagem de pegamento mensal e por época, número e altura das brotações emitidas por enxerto e número de folíolos dos enxertos, e para a estaquia foram: porcentagem de sobrevivência, calejamento, pegamento e número e comprimento médio de raízes. Com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que o agosto e novembro são os meses mais adequados para o pegamento da enxertia do rambutan. Agosto é o melhor mês do ano para o desenvolvimento das brotações e folíolos dos enxertos. A melhor época do ano para a realização da enxertia é a primavera. A forma de aplicação de AIB e suas respectivas doses não influenciam nenhuma das variáveis analisadas
The rambutan is a tropical fruit belonging to the Sapindaceae family, which originated in Southeast Asia, especially Malaysia. In Brazil, the cultivation is expanding and distributed in different states and with plant material seminiferous generating non uniform orchards and production starting late. With vegetative propagation is possible to anticipate the productive phase, and also fix the problem of male plants. This study aimed to evaluate the cleft grafting during the year, and the influence of IBA application in three different ways on the rooting of the rambutan. The grafting was conducted in Sep/2008 ago/2010 ripped the fruit of FCAV / UNESP in Jaboticabal / SP, which is also where the cutting took place in Jan/2010. The design was completely randomized, with 10 plants per plot of grafting and 10 cuttings per plot in the cutting and 4 replications in both experiments. For grafting were evaluated: successful rate per month and season, number and height of emitted buds per stock and leaflet number of grafts, and the cuttings were: percentage of survival, callus, and fixation number and average length of roots . With these results we can conclude that the August and November are the months most suitable for the fixation of the grafted rambutan. August is the best month of the year for the development of shoots and leaves of the grafts. The best season for grafting is spring. The form of application of IBA and their doses do not influence any of the variables
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Rocha, Rúben José Rodrigues da. "Caracterização e valorização de Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav." Master's thesis, ISA, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6464.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThymbra capitata (L.) Cav., species of the Lamiaceae family, is an aromatic plant, used as medicinal plant and also on the food industry as prophylactic plant due to antifungal and antibacterial properties attributed to its essential oils. This study aimed to study and research T. capitata essencial oils, morphological descriptors for the species, seed germination and vegetative propagation in wild and cultivated populations. The influence of light and several temperature regimes in seed germination rate in different populations was accessed. The plant species seeds are indifferent to light. Most of the tested species populations had higher germination rates at the assayed temperatures (55-95%), being the most favorable for seed germination 10/20 ºC, 15 ºC, 20 ºC and 10 ºC. The maximum germination rate occurred in seeds with about 1 and half years of storage. Vegetative propagation is also a good option for this species, especially in Spring-Summer season, since the obtaining rootedness was greater than 92%. According to the statistical analysis of the selected morphological descriptors there were no significant differences among the populations studied In the quantification of the extraction of essential oils by steam distillation, a maximum efficiency of 1.7% was obtained and the analysis by GC and GC/MS showed the carvacrol as the major component (56.5 to 89.9%).
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Juncker, Bertrand. "Le chêne (quercus robur l. ) in vitro : propagation, mode de croissance." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10014.
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Des protocoles couvrant l'ensemble des étapes de la micropropagation depuis le conditionnement des pieds-mères, et l'introduction in vitro des explants primaires jusqu'à l'enracinement et le sevrage des plantules, ont été mis au point, en attachant une attention toute particulière à l'obtention d'un clonage efficace à long terme à partir de matériel juvénile et adulte. A cette occasion, des variations du mode de croissance des pousses développées in vitro correspondant à une disparition progressive de la croissance rythmique endogène caractéristique de l'espèce, ont été observées. L'étude des conditions permettant leur apparition a montré le rôle primordial de la BA, en présence de BA, l'importance de l'alimentation azotée en tant que facteur de contrôle du modèle de croissance. La réalisation de bilans azotes (n total, n insoluble, n soluble, n minéral, acides aminés et amides libres) au sein des vitroplants, a permis d'associer l'apparition des différents modes de croissance décrits à une accumulation d' n soluble (no#3#, nh#4#+, asparagine, arginine, proline) dans les tiges feuillées, indépendamment des effets induits par l'introduction in vitro elle-même. Ces dosages ont également montré l'importance du cal basal qui assure l'interface entre le milieu de culture et la tige feuillée. Diverses hypothèses permettant d'expliquer le rôle de l'azote dans les mécanismes de contrôle de la croissance rythmique du chêne, ont été proposées
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Wang, Ling, Yu Du, Mahbubur Rahman, Biao Tang, Li-Juan Fan, and Aruna Kilaru. "Establishment of an Efficient in Vitro Propagation System for Iris Sanguinea." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4742.
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Iris sanguinea is a perennial flowering plant that is typically cultivated through seeds or bulbs. However, due to limitations in conventional propagation, an alternate regeneration system using seeds was developed. The protocol included optimization of sterilization, stratification and scarification methods as iris seeds exhibit physiological dormancy. In addition to chlorine-based disinfection, alkaline or heat treatment was used to break seed dormancy and reduce contamination. When seeds were soaked in water at 80 °C overnight, and sterilized with 75% EtOH for 30 s and 4% NaOCl solution for 20 minutes, contamination was reduced to 10% and a 73.3% germination was achieved. The germinated seedlings with 2-3 leaves and radicle were used as explants to induce adventitious buds. The optimal MS medium with 0.5 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine, 0.2 mg L−1 NAA, and 1.0 mg L−1 kinetin resulted in 93.3% shoot induction and a proliferation coefficient of 5.30. Medium with 0.5 mg L−1 NAA achieved 96.4% rooting of the adventitious shoots. The survival rate was more than 90% after 30 days growth in the cultivated matrix. In conclusion, a successful regeneration system for propagation of I. sanguinea was developed using seeds, which could be utilized for large-scale propagation of irises of ecological and horticultural importance.
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Taylor, Mary. "In vitro methods for the construction of chimeras in potato." Thesis, University of Bath, 1988. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383696.
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Bedi, Seema. "Environmental stress and the response of pinus caribaea Morelet cultured in vitro." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335043.
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Jetton, Robert Miller. "Biological Control, Host Resistance, and Vegetative Propagation: Strategies and Tools for Management of the Invasive Hemlock Woolly Adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand." NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08252008-094603/.
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Biological control, host resistance, and vegetative propagation were evaluated as management strategies for the exotic pest hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in the southeastern U.S. Biological control studies focused on the adelgid predator Sasajiscymnus tsugae Sasaji and McClure. In the laboratory, the suitability of an alternative prey species balsam woolly adelgid (BWA), Adelges piceae Ratz., for predator feeding, oviposition, immature development, and long-term survival was compared to the primary prey HWA. The BWA was found to be a suitable host to support predator feeding and development but was found to negatively influence S. tsugae survival. Field studies of S. tsugae tested the utility of multi-point, low-density, confined releases in mesh sleeve cages as an alternative to a routinely utilized single-point, high-density, free release for introducing the predator to forest and ornamental sites in Western North Carolina. The studies found that S. tsugae will reproduce inside sleeve cages and can survive for up to one month in confinement, but field establishment of the predator could not be confirmed. In the greenhouse a method for artificially inoculating hemlock seedlings with HWA and comparing levels of host resistance among hemlock species was tested. Using this method, initial infestation rates and fecundity of HWA were compared among three species of hemlock native to North America: eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), Carolina hemlock (T. caroliniana), and western hemlock (T. heterophylla). Infestations were significantly and four-fold higher on eastern hemlock compare to those on Carolina and western hemlock that did not differ. A second greenhouse trial assessed the rooting ability of softwood stem cuttings from mature specimens of eastern and Carolina hemlock. The study found that eastern hemlock cuttings rooted best with no hormone applications and at higher rates than Carolina hemlock which required very low concentrations of auxin.