Relevant bibliographies by topics / In vivo toxicity studies

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'In vivo toxicity studies'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 26 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "In vivo toxicity studies"

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Nikitin, Alexander, Yi Wang, and Emmanuel Giannelis. "In vivo toxicity studies of nanoparticles." Toxicology Letters 180 (October 2008): S222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.094.

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Attarde, Saurabh S., and Sangeeta V. Pandit. "In Vivo Toxicity Profile of NN-32 and Nanogold Conjugated GNP-NN-32 from Indian Spectacled Cobra Venom." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 21, no. 14 (2020): 1479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666200519101221.

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Background: NN-32 toxin, which was obtained from Naja naja venom and showed cytotoxicity on cancer cell lines. As the toxicity of NN-32 is the main hurdle in the process of drug development; hence, we have conjugated NN-32 toxin with gold nanoparticles (GNP-NN-32) in order to decrease the toxicity of NN-32 without reducing its efficacy, GNP-NN-32 alleviated the toxicity of NN-32 in in vitro studies during the course of earlier studies. In continuation, we are evaluating in vivo toxicity profile of NN-32 and GNP-NN-32 in the present study. Objective: To study in vivo toxicity profile of NN-32 and nanogold conjugated GNP-NN-32 from Naja naja venom. Materials and Methods: We have carried out in vivo acute toxicity study to determine LD50 dose of GNP-NN-32, in vivo sub-chronic toxicity for 30 days, haematology, serum biochemical parameters and histopathology study on various mice tissues and in vitro cellular and tissue toxicity studies. Results: The LD50 dose of GNP-NN-32 was found to be 2.58 mg/kg (i.p.) in Swiss male albino mice. In vivo sub-chronic toxicity showed significantly reduced toxicity of GNP-NN-32 as compared to NN-32 alone. Discussion: In vitro cellular toxicity studies on human lymphocyte and mouse peritoneal macrophage showed significant inhibition of cells by NN-32 alone. Conclusion: Conjugated GNP-NN-32 toxin showed less in vivo toxicity as compared to pure NN-32.
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Samuel, P., B. Pavithra, R. Priyadarshini, V. Maheswari, J. Vijayakumar, and T. Selvarathinam. "TOXICITY STUDIES ON SILVER AND COPPER NANOPARTICLES." INDIAN DRUGS 55, no. 09 (2018): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.55.09.11399.

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In a pilot scale study, silver and copper nanoparticles were synthesized from two different plant sources viz Flacourtia indica and Prosopsis juliflora. The in vivo toxicity of silver and copper nanoparticles was tested on Danio rerio (Zebra fish) under different concentrations (1 ppm, 10 ppm and 100 ppm). Through the investigation, the nanoparticles treated fishes developed with hyper pigmentation in the ventral region. The minimum lethal concentration required to bring lethality caused by silver nanoparticle was 10 ppm whereas for copper nanoparticles it was 1 ppm. Further, the concentration of silver and copper nanoparticles accumulated inside the fish was evaluated by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The in vivo concentration of silver and copper nanoparticles steadily increases with increase in dosage of nanoparticles being tested.
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Dorgelo, Folke O., Erik Biessen, and Gerrit M. Alink. "Are Cultured Neonatal Rat Heart Cells a Suitable Model for Predicting Acute and Chronic Toxicity In Vivo?" Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 14, no. 1 (1986): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119298601400104.

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Beating heart cells isolated from neonatal rats were used in an in vitro assay for testing the influence of chemical compounds on beating frequency. Half of the studied compounds had a no-effect level (NEL) in vivo based on changes in body weight or organ weight. Correlations were obtained between in vivo parameters such as LD50 values in acute toxicity studies and NELs in chronic toxicity studies, and in vitro parameters such as reduction in beating frequency and arrest of contraction. The in vitro parameters correlated well with in vivo LD50 values, but poorly with NELs in vivo.
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Lien Nghiem, Thi Ha, Thi Tuyen Nguyen, Emmanuel Fort, et al. "Capping and in vivo toxicity studies of gold nanoparticles." Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 3, no. 1 (2012): 015002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/3/1/015002.

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Ellis, HJ, and PJ Ciclitira. "In vivo gluten challenge in coeliac disease." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 15, no. 4 (2001): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/127241.

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In vivo gluten challenge has been used since the early 1950s to study the role of cereal fractions in celiac disease. While early studies relied on crude indicators of celiac toxicity, the advent of jejunal biopsy and sophisticated immunohistochemical techniques has allowed accurate studies to be performed. Studies to determine the nature of the cereal component that is toxic to patients with celiac disease have concentrated on wheat because of its nutritional importance. A number of in vitro studies indicated the presence of one or more celiac-activating epitopes with theN-terminus of the A-gliadin molecule. In vivo challenge with three synthetic peptides subsequently indicated the toxicity of a peptide corresponding to amino acids 31 to 49 of A-gliadin. In vivo gluten challenge is the gold standard for the assessment of celiac toxicity; however, jejunal biopsy is a relatively invasive procedure, thus, other methods have been investigated. Direct infusion of the rectum with gluten has been shown to result in an increase in mucosal intraepithelial lymphocytes, occurring only in celiac patients. This method has been used to study the celiac toxicity of gliadin subfractions. The in vitro technique of small intestinal biopsy organ culture is also a useful tool and appears to give the same results as in vivo challenge. The importance of tiny amounts of gliadin in the diet, such as that which occurs in wheat starch, has been studied by in vivo challenge; this technique has clarified the position of oats in the gluten-free diet. Several studies suggest that this cereal may be included in the diet of most adult celiac patients. Studies of the transport of gliadin across the enterocyte following ingestion or challenge suggest that gliadin may be metabolized by a different pathway in celiac disease. This could result in an abnormal presentation to the immune system, triggering a pathogenic rather than a tolerogenic response.
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Mangla, Bharti, Yub R. Neupane, Archu Singh, Pankaj Kumar, Sadat Shafi, and Kanchan Kohli. "Lipid-nanopotentiated combinatorial delivery of tamoxifen and sulforaphane: ex vivo, in vivo and toxicity studies." Nanomedicine 15, no. 26 (2020): 2563–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2020-0277.

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Aim: This study aims to load tamoxifen (TAM) and sulforaphane (SFN) into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to enhance their oral delivery. Materials & methods: TAM-SFN-NLCs were prepared using Precirol® ATO5 and Transcutol® HP, characterized and evaluated in vitro and ex vivo to assess the drug release profile and intestinal permeability, respectively. In vivo pharmacokinetic and acute toxicity assessment was performed in Wistar rats. Results: Optimized TAM-SFN-NLCs exhibited a particle size of 121.9 ± 6.42 nm and zeta potential of -21.2 ± 2.91 mV. The NLCs enhanced intestinal permeability of TAM and SFN and augmented oral bioavailability of TAM and SFN 5.2-fold and 4.8-fold, respectively. SFN significantly reduced TAM-associated toxicity in vivo. Conclusion: This coencapsulation of a chemotherapeutic agent with a herbal bioactive in NLCs could pave a novel treatment approach against cancer.
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Hendrickson, O. D., A. V. Zherdev, I. V. Gmoshinskii, and B. B. Dzantiev. "Fullerenes: In vivo studies of biodistribution, toxicity, and biological action." Nanotechnologies in Russia 9, no. 11-12 (2014): 601–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s199507801406010x.

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Patra, Chitta Ranjan, Soha S. Abdel Moneim, Enfeng Wang, et al. "In vivo toxicity studies of europium hydroxide nanorods in mice." Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 240, no. 1 (2009): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2009.07.009.

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Yoladi, Fatma Betül, Edanur Burmaoğlu, and Şaziye Sezin Palabiyik Yücelik. "Experimental In Vivo Toxicity Models for Alcohol Toxicity." Eurasian Journal of Medicine 55, S1 (2024): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/eurasianjmed.2023.23345.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "In vivo toxicity studies"

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MAGLIE, M. DE. "BIODISTRIBUTION AND TOXICITY OF METALLIC NANOPARTICLES:IN VIVO STUDIES IN MICE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/487404.

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In the last decade, nanotechnology has emerged as one of the fastest growing area of science. This is a highly promising field for the generation of new engineering applications, consumer products, medical healthcare and medicine. However, the increasing development of nanomaterials (NMs) is not supported by in vivo studies taking systematically into consideration nanoparticles (NPs) types, doses and period of treatment that would allow to forecast possible adverse outcomes that might occur upon human exposure. In our studies, fully characterized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP), designed for cancer treatment, were used to assess biodistribution and potential toxic effects after single intravenous and repeated oral administration in mice. Unexpected histopathological findings, strictly related to the physicochemical properties, i.e. size and vehicle used for the NPs synthesis, were observed after intravenous administration. This confirms that a complete characterization of NPs is of the most importance for the identification of in vivo outcomes. NPs mainly localized in organs containing large number of specialized tissue-resident macrophages belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte system. The retention of NPs in these tissues raises concerns about the potential toxicity. The 28 days repeated oral administration of AgNPs demonstrated that the brain is the organ where Ag accumulation takes place. In fact, Ag it is still detected in brain after the recovery period because of its low clearance. Morphological changes observed in the blood brain barrier (BBB), and the involvement of glial cells in response to AgNPs administration, suggested a perturbation of brain homeostasis that should be taken into consideration and further investigated.
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Hsieh, Heidi. "Investigating Zinc Toxicity In Olfactory Neurons: In Silico, In Vitro, And In Vivo Studies." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1447070598.

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Tietze, Nicole. "Studies on Efficiency and Toxicity of in vivo Delivery Systems for siRNA and plasmid DNA." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-99633.

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Wiley, Faith Elizabeth. "Extraction method development and in vivo and in vitro toxicity studies of the etiologic agent of avian vacuolar myelinopathy." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1181666264/.

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Chamberlain, Mark Peter. "The toxicity of methyl iodide : in vivo and in vitro mechanistic studies in the rat nasal cavity and cerebellum." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244461.

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Evans, Andrew. "In vitro and ex vivo studies on the toxicity and efficacy of a selection of non-viral transfection reagents." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403283.

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余慶聲 and Hing-Sing Yu. "Studies on the toxicity and teratogenicity of cadmium on mouse pre-embryos in vitro and in vivo with special reference to theirsubsequent development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31231457.

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Yu, Hing-Sing. "Studies on the toxicity and teratogenicity of cadmium on mouse pre-embryos in vitro and in vivo with special reference to their subsequent development /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1221579X.

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Ahn, Sunjoo. "Novel Antimitotic Compounds with Potent In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Effects: the Use of Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, Efficacy, and Toxicity Studies." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281966697.

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Giuliano, Francesco. "Evaluation of the activity and selectivity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367598.

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Books on the topic "In vivo toxicity studies"

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Clarke, Hilary. In vivo and in vitro studies on cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity. University College Dublin, 1997.

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L, Arnold Douglas, Grice H. C, and Krewski D, eds. Handbook of in vivo toxicity testing. Academic Press, 1990.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Methods for the In Vivo Toxicity Testing of Complex Mixtures., ed. Complex mixtures: Methods for in vivo toxicity testing. National Academy Press, 1988.

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Takebayashi, Toru, Robert Landsiedel, and Masashi Gamo, eds. In Vivo Inhalation Toxicity Screening Methods for Manufactured Nanomaterials. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8433-2.

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C, Sahu Saura, and Casciano Daniel, eds. Nanotoxicity: In vivo and in vitro models to health risks. John Wiley & Sons, 2009.

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Kosnett, Michael. Arsenic toxicity. U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1990.

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Kathleen, Kreiss, United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, and DeLima Associates, eds. Arsenic toxicity. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1990.

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Yasumura, Seiichi, Joan E. Harrison, Kenneth G. McNeill, Avril D. Woodhead, and F. Avraham Dilmanian, eds. In Vivo Body Composition Studies. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1473-8.

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J, Ellis K., Morgan W. D, Yasumura S, et al., eds. In vivo body composition studies. Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine, 1987.

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Ruse, Michael Joseph. Thioamides: Metabolism and toxicity studies. University of Birmingham, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "In vivo toxicity studies"

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Nicholls, Doris M., and Donald R. C. McLachlan. "Issues of Lead Toxicity." In In Vivo Body Composition Studies. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1473-8_32.

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Bridges, James W. "Toxicology: Role of in vivo studies in establishing mechanisms of toxicity." In The Importance of Animal Experimentation for Safety and Biomedical Research. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1904-4_19.

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Niwano, Yoshimi, and Fumiaki Beppu. "In Vivo and in Vitro Toxicity Studies of Fucoxanthin, a Marine Carotenoid." In Handbook of Marine Macroalgae. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119977087.ch15.

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Chakor, K., E. E. Creppy, and G. Dirheimer. "In Vivo Studies on the Relationship Between Hepatic Metabolism and Toxicity of Ochratoxin A." In Archives of Toxicology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73113-6_34.

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Berger, Susanna Carolina, Boris Fehse, and Marie-Thérèse Rubio. "Immune Monitoring." In The EBMT/EHA CAR-T Cell Handbook. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94353-0_35.

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AbstractCAR-T cell expansion and persistence are critical parameters for therapeutic efficacy and toxicity (Locke et al. 2020). However, CAR-T cells are patient-specific ‘living drugs’ with an unpredictable ability to expand in vivo. Thus, close postinfusion monitoring should be a major prerequisite to better manage this therapy. Critical parameters include CAR-T cell expansion kinetics and phenotype immune reconstitution and serum biomarkers (Fig. 35.1; Kalos et al. 2011; Hu and Huang 2020). Additionally, prospective collection and storage of patient specimens should be planned for future hypothesis-driven studies at specialized research centres. To date, despite the rapid expansion of CAR-T cell therapy, no standard recommendations exist for CAR monitoring, and harmonization of efforts across multiple centres is urgently needed.
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Azeeze, Mohamed Sheik Tharik Abdul, Santhosh Shanthi Bhupathi, Elmutaz Belah Mohammad, Durairaj Kaliannan, Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian, and Subramania Nainar Meyyanathan. "Biologically Synthesized Plant-Derived Nanomedicines and Their In vitro-- In vivo Toxicity Studies in Various Cancer Therapeutics: Regulatory Perspectives." In Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76263-6_9.

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Azeeze, Mohamed Sheik Tharik Abdul, Santhosh Shanthi Bhupathi, Elmutaz Belah Mohammad, Durairaj Kaliannan, Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian, and Subramania Nainar Meyyanathan. "Biologically Synthesized Plant-Derived Nanomedicines and Their In vitro-- In vivo Toxicity Studies in Various Cancer Therapeutics: Regulatory Perspectives." In Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76263-6_9.

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Tschiggfrei, Karin, Alexander Schächtele, Alwyn R. Fernandes, et al. "WHO- and UNEP-Coordinated Exposure Studies 2000–2019: Findings of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes." In Persistent Organic Pollutants in Human Milk. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34087-1_11.

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AbstractThe concentrations of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCN) were determined in 40 pooled human milk samples from 39 countries covering all five of the United Nations regional groups. The samples were collected in the 2016–2019 exposure studies on persistent organic pollutants coordinated by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).The median concentration of the sum of 26 PCN was 55 pg/g lipid (range 27 pg/g to 170 pg/g). Human milk from European countries showed considerably higher levels than those found in milk from countries in the African, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America/Caribbean regions. The most abundant congeners were the congener pairs PCN 52/60 and PCN 66/67 (inseparable by conventional chromatography) and to a lesser extent PCN 28/36, PCN 42, PCN 46, PCN 48, PCN 59, and PCN 69.Among other adverse biological effects, a critical response of many PCN congeners is dioxin-like toxicity. So, in addition to reporting concentrations of individual congeners, the toxic equivalents (TEQ) were also calculated in these samples, using two sets of relative effect potency (REP) values: a set that has been used in a number of human exposure studies and another set reported by Falandysz et al. (J Environ Sci Health, Part C: Environ Carcinogenesis Ecotoxicol Rev 32(3):239–272, 2014). The median PCN-TEQ concentration in human milk was 0.07 pg PCN-TEQ/g lipid (range 0.03 pg/g to 0.23 pg/g), when calculated using the human biomonitoring study REPs, and 0.03 pg PCN-TEQ/g lipid (range 0.01 pg/g to 0.10 pg/g), when calculated with other suggested REPs. The vast majority, about 90%, of this TEQ can be attributed to the PCN 66/67 congener pair. Individual REPs for PCN 66 and 67 from in vivo studies are quite different, but a chromatographic separation of these two congeners is not possible under routine GC conditions. Different approaches to estimate the uncertainties showed that the value of the REPs used is more important than the analytical problem to separate PCN 66 and PCN 67. PCN-TEQ based on the two sets of REPs differ approximately by a factor of 2.2, whereas the congener-specific determination was estimated to result in approximately 30% lower concentrations in comparison with the standard method.The assessment of PCN 66 and PCN 67 in order to obtain confirmed TEF would be most important for calculations of the dioxin-like toxicity of PCN, followed by PCN 69. Minor contributions to PCN-TEQ concentrations in human milk come from PCN 52/60, PCN 64/68, PCN 70, and PCN 73.On average, the contribution of PCN-TEQ to the cumulative TEQ (including the overall sum of toxic equivalents of PCDD, PCDF, and dioxin-like PCB [WHO2005-TEQ]) is between 1% and 2%, with a wider range of up to 5% for the 39 countries of this study. This is about an order of magnitude lower than the contribution of dioxin-like PCB to the cumulative TEQ (median 26%). In line with the observed higher total PCN concentrations, European countries also showed considerably higher levels of PCN-TEQ than found in the other regions. PCN-TEQ calculated with REPs used in human biomonitoring studies add on average about 2% to the cumulative TEQ of dioxin-like contaminants in Africa, the Asia-Pacific region, and Latin American and Caribbean countries and about 4% in European countries. The corresponding contribution of PCN-TEQ calculated using the other set would be 1% in non-European countries and 2% in European countries.
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González-Martín, Carmen, Esther Gramage, María José Polanco, and Carmen Rodríguez-Rivera. "In Vivo Toxicity Testing." In Toxicology for the Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203730584-9.

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Thangaraj, Parimelazhagan. "Toxicity Studies." In Progress in Drug Research. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26811-8_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "In vivo toxicity studies"

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Prince, P., A. R. Naraghi, and Carl E. Saffer. "Low Toxicity Corrosion Inhibitors." In CORROSION 1996. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96153.

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Abstract This paper discusses the design and testing of low toxicity corrosion inhibitors. New chemistries have been investigated with respect to corrosion protection and impact on the marine environment. The resulting chemicals, while they are effective corrosion inhibitors, present significant improvements in terms of environmental properties over current products. The discussion includes results of the corrosion inhibition, toxicity, biodegradability and partitioning studies.
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Vallmitjana Lees, Alexander, Amanda Durkin, Navid Rajil, Suman Ranjit, and Mihaela Balu. "Long term in-vivo studies of human skin at cellular resolution." In Photonics in Dermatology and Plastic Surgery 2025, edited by Milind Rajadhyaksha and Haishan Zeng. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3041455.

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Cleary, Jacinta D., Orsolya Kékesi, and Gregg J. Suaning. "Percutaneous Connector for Large Animal, in vivo Studies, with Open-Source Designs." In 2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782517.

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Yang, Chen, Yueming Li, Zhiyi Du, et al. "Advances in photoacoustic retina stimulation: from in vivo studies to injectable approach." In Optogenetics and Optical Manipulation 2025, edited by Anna W. Roe and Shy Shoham. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3041434.

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Perveen, Hasina, Vertika Rai, Dipankar Das, et al. "Ameliorative effect of Curcumin on sodium arsenite-induced uterine-ovarian toxicity in rats: An in vivo dose dependent manner." In 2024 15th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt61001.2024.10724565.

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Buyukhatipoglu, Kivilcim, Tiffany A. Miller, and Alisa Morss Clyne. "Biocompatible, Superparamagnetic, Flame Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Cellular Uptake and Toxicity Studies." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68049.

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Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, including magnetite (Fe3O4), are widely used in applications such as targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, tissue engineering, gene therapy, hyperthermic malignant cell treatment, and cell membrane manipulation. These nanoparticles are particularly interesting for in vivo and in vitro applications since they do not exhibit magnetic behavior once the magnetic field has been removed. In the current work, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were produced using a flame synthesis method, which provides significant advantages over other material synthesis processes such as solgel processing, chemical vapor deposition, and laser ablation. Flame synthesis allows control of particle size, size distribution, phase and composition by altering flame operating conditions. Flame synthesis is further capable of commercial production rates with minimal post-processing of the final product materials. This study focuses on the interaction of flame synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles with porcine aortic endothelial cells and compares the results to those obtained using commercially available iron oxide nanoparticles. The materials characteristics of the flame synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles, including morphology, elemental composition, particle size, were analyzed by electron microscopy (TEM, ESEM, EDS), and Raman Spectroscopy. The data verified production of a heterogenous mixture of hematite and magnetite nanoparticles, which exhibit superparamagnetic properties. Monodisperse iron oxide particles of 6–12 nm diameter and aggregated clusters of these 6–12nm nanoparticles have been synthesized. Nanoparticle biocompatibility was assessed by incubating flame synthesized and commercially available iron oxide nanoparticles with endothelial cells for 24 hours. Both alamar blue and Live/Dead cell assays showed no significant toxicity difference between flame synthesized and commercially available nanoparticles. Cells exposed to both types of nanoparticles maintained membrane integrity, as indicated by minimal lactase dehydrogenase release. Endothelial cells imaged by ESEM and confirmed by EDS demonstrated that uncoated flame synthesized nanoparticles are ingested into cells in a similar manner to commercially available nanoparticles. These data suggest that flame synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles are comparable to commercially available nanoparticles for biological applications. Flame synthesis has the advantage of a relatively simple synthesis process with higher purity products and lower time and energy manufacturing costs. Future work will include functionalizing the nanoparticle surfaces for specific biological applications, including specific cell targeting and bioactive factor delivery.
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"COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE TOXIC EFFECT OF NANOPARTICLES." In СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭКОЛОГИИ И ЗДОРОВЬЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ. ЭКОЛОГИЯ И ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ. Иркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологии, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/978-5-98277-383-8-art26.

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Large population groups throughout the world are occupationally and environmentally exposed to toxic metals in the form of nano-aerosols. Despite numerous in vitro and in vivo studies of toxicity of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), few publications describe a comprehensive approach to examining their toxic effects at the system, organ, tissue, and cellular levels. Research on the safety of nanoparticles is essential for assessing human health risks posed by the production and use of such materials. Safety of nanoparticles should be established using an integrated approach, which includes the study of changes at all levels of organization of the body. The data analysis has revealed a different degree of manifestation of toxicity of nanoparticles, both in cell cultures and under experimental conditions in vivo, at the molecular, intracellular, cellular, tissue, organ, and organismal levels. These findings are essential both for understanding and predicting the clinical picture of poisoning, and for developing a systems approach to assessing safety of nanoparticles and nanomaterials.
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Shah, Neha B., and John C. Bischof. "Effect of Surface Charge on Gold Nanoparticle Biotransport: An In Vivo Blood and Biodistribution Study." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53324.

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Intravenously injected nanoparticles (NPs) hold great promise for clinical diagnostic and therapeutic applications. While several NPs for such clinical applications have emerged in various designs (metallic, polymeric, quantum dots etc.) [1], a critical issue in their in vivo use is the lack of fundamental studies examining the effects of physicochemical parameters (shape, size, surface properties etc.) on blood circulation, kinetics of accumulation and elimination as well as toxicity [2–4]. We hypothesize that blood, the first medium of interaction in the body, is a major determinant of biotransport and biodistribution. Recent and past in vitro studies have shown that NPs interact with serum proteins (including complement factors), cause platelet aggregation and red blood cell hemolysis, and are taken up by phagocytic cells. However, to our knowledge a detailed in vivo study of the interaction of metallic nanoparticles with blood components as a function of their surface properties does not yet exist.
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Greskevitch, M., V. Castranova, and H. Ahlers. "114. Blasting Abrasives' Hazard Comparison Using in VIVO Toxicity Data & Dust Generating Characteristics from Environmentally-Controlled Laboratory & Field Studies." In AIHce 2001. AIHA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765625.

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Gernand, Jeremy M. "Limitations on the Reliability of In Vitro Predictive Toxicity Models to Predict Pulmonary Toxicity in Rodents." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67151.

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Given the rapidly proliferating varieties of nanomaterials and ongoing concerns that these novel materials may pose emerging occupational and environmental risks, combined with the possibility that each variety might pose a different unique risk due to the unique combination of material properties, researchers and regulators have been searching for methods to identify hazards and prioritize materials for further testing. While several screening tests and toxic risk models have been proposed, most have relied on cellular-level in vitro data. This foundation enables answers to be developed quickly for any material, but it is yet unclear how this information may translate to more realistic exposure scenarios in people or other more complex animals. A quantitative evaluation of these models or at least the inputs variables to these models in the context of rodent or human health outcomes is necessary before their classifications may be believed for the purposes of risk prioritization. This paper presents the results of a machine learning enabled meta-analysis of animal studies attempting to use significant descriptors from in vitro nanomaterial risk models to predict the relative toxicity of nanomaterials following pulmonary exposures in rodents. A series of highly non-linear random forest models (each made up of an ensemble of 1,000 regression tree models) were created to assess the maximum possible information value of the in vitro risk models and related methods of describing nanomaterial variants and their toxicity in rat and mouse experiments. The variety of chemical descriptors or quantitative chemical property measurements such as bond strength, surface charge, and dissolution potential, while important in describing observed differences with in vitro experiments, proved to provide little indication of the relative magnitude of inflammation in rodents (explained variance amounted to less than 32%). Important factors in predicting rodent pulmonary inflammation such as primary particle size and chemical type demonstrate that there are critical differences between these two toxicity assays that cannot be captured by a series of in vitro tests alone. Predictive models relying primarily on these descriptors alone explained more than 62% of the variance of the short term in vivo toxicity results. This means that existing proposed nanomaterial toxicity screening methods are inadequate as they currently stand, and either the community must be content with the slower and more expensive animal testing to evaluate nanomaterial risks, or further conceptual development of improved alternative in vitro screening methodologies is necessary before manufacturers and regulators can rely on them to promote safer use of nanotechnology.
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Reports on the topic "In vivo toxicity studies"

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กาญจนบุษย์, เถลิงศักดิ์, กุลวรา เมฆสวรรค์, อังคณา ตันติธุวานนท์, วิภาวี กิตติโกวิท, พรทิพย์สวรรค์ นวลทอง та พรเพ็ญ พนมวัลย์. การพัฒนาและการศึกษาความเป็นไปได้ในการนำน้ำตาลเชิงซ้อน-แคลวิตินมาผลิตเป็นน้ำยาฟอกไตทางช่องท้องทดแทนน้ำยาฟอกไตมาตรฐาน. คณะแพทยศาสตร์ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2010. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2010.17.

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Background. The optimal formula of calvitrin based peritoneal dialysis was composing of calvitrin 6.25 g LL~:: electrolytes such as sodium chloride 540 g, sodium lactate 448 mg, calcium chloride 25.7mg and magnesium chloride 5.08 mg Methods. In vitro studies; the cytotoxicity was investigated. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) were isolated and characterized as described in tetail elsewhere (29). Cells were depleated serum and treated with 15% Cal-PD, 7.5% lcodextrin, 1.5% Dextose and media controls for 36 hrs. Cells morphology changes were examined under microscopy. The results found that few changing of cells treating with 15% calvitrin PD (<10%), 7.5% lcodextrin (>20%), 1.5% Dextose (>40%), positive control (>70%) and no changed in negative medium control. Cell injury examination by LOH testing, the cells treated with 10% Calvitrin released LOH not different from that in lcodextrin. Cell death evaluation by Pl staining, there was fewer cell death when compared to glucose. Results. In vivo studies; acute 14-day toxicity test was studied in mice by intravenously injected with 15% calvitrin (dose 5 ml/Kg) and in Sprague Dawley rats by intraperitoneally injected with 15% calvitrin (dose 10 ml/Kg) compared with control group injected with NSS. Clinical signs, body weight, mortality and necropsy finding were evaluated. There were no abnormality symptoms; no mortality and not significant body weight different were noted. No abnormalities were detected at necropsy, and pathology grading was not significantly found. Conclusion. In conclusion, there were no deaths during 2 weeks duration of acute toxicity testing from both intravenous dose 5 ml. Kg- 1 and intraperitoneal dose 10 ml. Kg- 1 of 15%Calvitrin with electrolytes solution compared with normal saline solution. No significant differences of body and organs weight between among control and test group. No significant abnormality finding from pathology and necropsy examination.
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Committee on Toxicology. COT FSA PBPK for Regulators Workshop Report 2021. Food Standards Agency, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tyy821.

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The future of food safety assessment in the UK depends on the Food Standards Agency’s (FSA) adaptability and flexibility in responding to and adopting the accelerating developments in science and technology. The Tox21 approach is an example of one recent advancement in the development of alternative toxicity testing approaches and computer modelling strategies for the evaluation of hazard and exposure (New Approach Methodologies (NAMs). A key aspect is the ability to link active concentrations in vitro to likely concentrations in vivo, for which physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling is ideally suited. The UK FSA and the Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products, and the Environment (COT) held an “PBPK for Regulators” workshop with multidisciplinary participation, involving delegates from regulatory agencies, government bodies, academics, and industry. The workshop provided a platform to enable expert discussions on the application of PBPK to health risk assessment in a regulatory context. Presentations covered current application of PBPK modelling in the agrochemical industry for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE), pharmaceutical industry for drug absorption related issues (e.g., the effect of food on drug absorption) and drug-drug interaction studies, as well as dose extrapolations to special populations (e.g., those with a specific disease state, paediatric/geriatric age groups, and different ethnicities), environmental chemical risk assessment, an overview of the current regulatory guidance and a PBPK model run-through. This enabled attendees to consider the wide potential and fitness for purpose of the application of PBPK modelling in these fields. Attendees considered applicability in the context of future food safety assessment for refining exposure assessments of chemicals with narrow margins of exposure and/or to fill data gaps from more traditional approaches (i.e., data from animal testing). The overall conclusions from the workshop were as follows: PBPK modelling tools were applicable in the areas of use covered, and that expertise was available (though it is in small numbers). PBPK modelling offers opportunities to address questions for compounds that are otherwise not possible (e.g., considerations of human variability in kinetics) and allows identification of “at risk” subpopulations. The use of PBPK modelling tends to be applied on a case-by-case basis and there appears to be a barrier to widespread acceptance amongst regulatory bodies due to the lack of available in-house expertise (apart from some medical and environmental agencies such as the European Medicines Agency, United States Food and Drug Administration, and the US Environmental Protection Agency, respectively). Familiarisation and further training opportunities on the application of PBPK modelling using real world case studies would help in generating interest and developing more experts in the field, as well as furthering acceptance. In a regulatory context, establishing fitness for purpose for the use of PBPK models requires transparent discussion between regulatory agencies, government bodies, academics, and industry and the development of a harmonised guidance such as by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) would provide a starting point. Finally, PBPK modelling is part of the wider “new approach methodologies” for risk assessment, and there should be particular emphasis in modelling both toxicodynamics and toxicokinetics.
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Ambrose, K. R., T. A. Butler, A. P. Callahan, and L. A. Ferren. In vivo toxicity of arsenic trioxide for human cells in diffusion chambers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7164168.

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Ong, T. M., W. Z. Whong, J. Ma, B. Z. Zhong, and D. Bryant. Toxicity studies of mild gasification products. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10188108.

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Mattie, David R., and Teresa R. Sterner. Review of Ammonium Dinitramide Toxicity Studies. Defense Technical Information Center, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada545795.

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Zoltani, C. K., G. E. Platoff, and S. I. Baskin. Simulation Studies of Cyanide-Caused Cardiac Toxicity. Defense Technical Information Center, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada432856.

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Cook, David Nelson. Studies of DNA supercoiling in vivo and in vitro. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10191743.

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Cook, D. N. Studies of DNA supercoiling in vivo and in vitro. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6993672.

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Hussain, Saber, Christin Grabinski, Nicole Schaeublin, et al. Toxicity Evaluation of Engineered Nanomaterials: Risk Evaluation Tools (Phase 3 Studies). Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada590933.

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Clark, Douglas S. Response of Breast Cancer Cells to Hormonal Therapy; Quantitative in Vivo NMR Studies. Defense Technical Information Center, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada391106.

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