Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Inanna'
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Quate, Amy. "Hymns to Inanna." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500257/.
Full textTorres, Kimberly. "Resurrecting Inanna lament, gender, transgression." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/629.
Full textB.A.
Bachelors
Arts and Humanities
Humanities
Bruinsma, Raelene. "Restoring Inanna - an ancient myth for contemporary women?" Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1523.
Full textDupla, Simone Aparecida. "CONSTRUÇÕES DO IMAGINÁRIO RELIGIOSO NO CULTO A INANNA NA ANTIGA MESOPOTÂMIA: SÍMBOLOS E METÁFORAS DE UMA DEUSA MULTIFACETADA (3200-1600 a.C)." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2016. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/372.
Full textFundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná
Inanna, the multifaceted goddess of Mesopotamian culture, was worshiped throughout the history of this society. Known as the goddess of love and war, their status in the Mesopotamian pantheon and its functionality has been re-reading object by many historians. The purpose of this study was to address the representations present in the worship of Inanna through symbols and attributes to it attributed unveiling its characteristics and relationship with the imagery of that society. To do this, we use as sources, in addition to recorded images for artifacts, myths and hymns dedicated to this deity. We realize that the ways of holiness expressed in the worship of Inanna allowed the articulation of this in many social segments and ensured their maintenance and survival. Thus, images and symbols that made up the religious universe of divinity were assignments and constructions that are perpetuated over time related to the reality of his first devotees and those who captivated over the millenniums.
Inanna, a deusa multifacetada da cultura mesopotâmica, foi cultuada durante toda a história dessa sociedade. Conhecida como deusa do amor e da guerra, seu estatuto no panteão mesopotâmico e sua funcionalidade tem sido objeto de releitura por parte de muitos historiadores. O objetivo desse trabalho foi abordar as representações presentes no culto a Inanna por meio dos símbolos e atributos a ela imputados desvelando suas características e relação com o imaginário daquela sociedade. Para tal, utilizamos como fontes, além das imagens registradas em artefatos, mitos e hinos dedicados a essa divindade. Percebemos que as formas de sacralidade expressas no culto a Inanna permitiu a articulação deste nos muitos segmentos sociais e garantiu a sua manutenção e sobrevivência. Assim, imagens e símbolos que compunham o universo religioso da divindade foram atribuições e construções que se perpetuaram ao longo do tempo relacionadas à realidade de seus primeiros devotos e aqueles que cativados ao longo dos milênios.
Behrens, Hermann. "Die Ninegalla-Hymne : die Wohnungnahme Inannas in Nippur in altbabylonischer Zeit /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37048152m.
Full textContient le texte sumérien de l'hymne avec trad. allemande en regard. Bibliogr. p. 8-11. Index.
Slobodzianek, Iwo. "Acquérir, exprimer et transmettre les "pouvoirs" divins : une comparaison entre Aphrodite et Inanna-Is̆tar." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802105.
Full textVändel, Liminga Ulla. "Individuationsprocessen från ett kvinnligt perspektiv : myterna om Sofia och Inanna, sagan om Tusenskinn betraktade ur jungiansk synvinkel." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-362.
Full textC. G. Jungs teori om individuationen, och huvuddelen av de beskrivningar som finns av den, t.ex. via myter och sagor, utgår från ett manligt perspektiv. Vissa har dock diskuterat den utifrån ett kvinnligt perspektiv, och pekar på att kvinnans och mannens processer skiljer sig åt. Inom denna uppsats har jag utforskat kvinnans individuationsprocess, genom att diskutera myterna om Sofia och Inanna, samt sagan om Tusenskinn, med hjälp av jungianska metoder och en modell av kvinnans individuationsprocess föreslagen av Pia Skogemann. Jag har utforskat huvuddragen i den kvinnliga individuationsprocessen, hur de exemplifieras i dessa berättelser, vilka arketyper som är viktiga(st) i denna process och tittat på likheter och skillnader mellan kvinnlig och manlig individuationsprocess. Huvuddragen i kvinnans individuationsprocess innehåller en igångsättande fas, då Personan ifrågasätts av Jaget, och det omedvetna börjar bryta fram. Därefter följer faser då jaget möter både det manliga i olika skepnader, både av positiv och negativ karaktär, d.v.s. olika Animusuttryck, och det kvinnliga, som kan motsvara arketyperna Personan, Jaget, den Stora Modern, Skuggan och även Självet. Den innefattar också ett tydligt nedstigande, där Jaget måste våga överlämna sig, eller dra sig tillbaka till mer primitiva stadier. Slutligen sker ett återvändande, där alla delar förenas, för att uppnå helhet och då Självet träder fram. Dessa faser återfinns i alla tre berättelser. Myten om Inanna har den mest fullständiga beskrivningen av individuationsprocessen. I kvinnans individuationsprocess verkar Animus ha en central betydelse, medan Skuggan verkar spela en mindre roll, jämfört med i den manliga individuationsprocessen. Det är också troligt att kvinnans Skugga har andra karaktäristiska är mannens, t.ex. skam, skuld, svartsjuka. Den verkar också hanteras annorlunda av kvinnan än av mannen, där det för kvinnan handlar om kärlek, integration och acceptans, istället för att ta strid och besegra den.
Bridgman, Karen Elizabeth, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and Faculty of Social Inquiry. "Rhythms of awakening : re-membering the her-story and mythology of women in medicine." THESIS_FSI_XXX_Bridgman_K.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/385.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Hawkins, Damaris. ""They say she is veiled": A rhetorical analysis of Judy Grahn's poetry." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2941.
Full textShange, Nombulelo Tholithemba. "Shembe religion's integration of African traditional religion and Christianity : a sociological case study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011819.
Full textHughes, Heather Ann. "Politics and society in Inanda, Natal : the Qadi under Chief Mghawe, c1840-1896." Thesis, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243372.
Full textNaidoo, Krishantha. "A study into Healthcare Service Location Problems, Location and Allocation in the Inanda area." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32922.
Full textFerreira, Diogenes Seraphim. "Imunidade inata na asma fatal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-22092010-115846/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Airway inflammation in asthma involves innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) are involved in bronchial inflammation in asthma, but the expression of these proteins in large and small airways of asthmatics has not been investigated. The aims of this study were to analyze the protein expression of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TSLP in large and small airways of asthmatics, to compare their expression in smoking and nonsmoking asthmatics and to investigate if TLR expression in associated with infection by Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. METHODS: Using immunohistochemistry and image analysis, we investigated the expression of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TSLP in large and small airways of 24 fatal asthma patients (13 nonsmokers and 11 smokers) and 9 nonasthmatic controls. The protein expression was analyzed in four regions of the airways: epithelial, internal, airway smooth muscle and outer layers. C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae presence in lung tissue was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Fatal asthma patients had increased expression of TLR2 in the epithelial and outer layers of large and small airways, and also higher TLR2 in the muscle layer of small airways. Smoking asthmatics had lower TLR2 in the inner and outer layers of small airways than nonsmoking asthmatics. TSLP was increased in the epithelial and outer layers of large airways. Asthmatics also had greater TLR3 in the outer layer of large airways and greater TLR4 in the outer layer of small airways. C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae DNA was not detected in asthmatics or controls. CONCLUSIONS: Innate immunity receptors TLR2, 3 and 4 and innate cytokine TSLP are increased in the airways of fatal asthma patients, and TLRs expression is not associated with the presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae in the lungs. Smoking may reduce TLR2 expression in the small airways of asthmatics. These results suggest that TLR2, 3, 4 and TSLP may contribute to the bronchial inflammation seen in severe exacerbations of asthma and that M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae are not involved in fatal asthma exacerbations
Ross, G. "Tapehead, music for displeasure, beating time, Inanna's Descent, the Hidden Words, Jardin, BLAST! Scission/Slit, Inanna's Return, the Brine Boilers." Thesis, Keele University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242384.
Full textUrbina, Foneron Mauricio. "Strategies of inanga (Galaxias maculatus) for surviving the environmental stressors of hypoxia and salinity change." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7638.
Full textHarley, Rachel. "Ion transport physiology and its interaction with trace element accumulation and toxicity in inanga (Galaxias maculatus)." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10738.
Full textInan, H. Cigdem. "L'étendue de l'anesthésie rachidienne isobare influence-t-elle la durée et les conséquences hémodynamiques du bloc spinal ? /." Genève : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.unige.ch/cyberdocuments/theses2004/InanC/these.pdf.
Full textBürkle, Lutz. "Elektrooptische Eigenschaften von InAsa-(GaIn)Sb Übergittern." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-opus-51241.
Full textOttermann, Monika. "AS BRIGAS DIVINAS DE INANA: Reconstrução feminista de repressão e resistência em torno de uma deusa suméria." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2007. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/441.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The analysies of this thesis, based on a feminist hermeneutics of liberation, center on the figure of Inana, the most important and most popular goddess of Sumer who, as I tar, held a predominant position also in the posterior Mesopotamian pantheons. Chapter 1 gives a reconstruction of life in Sumer, since neolithic times until the beginnings of the Old Babylonian Period (approximately 5000 to 2000 BCE), with special attention to data on women and gender aspects. Chapter 2 presents presargonic documents, iconographical and philological, related with the figure and the cult of Inana, and offers first reflections on particular aspects and conflicts that show her special position in the religion of Sumer and its increasing patriarchalization. In Chapter 3, these aspects and conflicts are discussed focusing on traditions of Inana as the Lady of Eana, of the Me and of Kur, with special attention to the myths Inana and Eana , Inana and the Me and Inana and the Netherworld (ETCSL 1.3.5; 1.3.1; 1.4.1). It shows that the myth Inana and Eana is the result of manipulations to legitimate the cult of An in the main temple of Inana, that Inana and the Me reflects attitudes of resistance against attempts of her depowerment, and that Inana and the Netherworld is composed of different myths that evidence several conflicts related to functions and powers of Inana. Thus it is demonstrated that the conflicts in the sphere of Inana reflect human repressions and resistances within a kyriarchal society and the increasing patriarchalization of its religion. Although political and religious activities of women in today s societies do not need legitimation by examples from old religions, their feminist reconstruction and memory can serve to stimulate such activities when they try to construct a different image of the divine, and when they struggle for a world of equal rights and dignity for all people.(AU)
As análises desta tese, baseadas numa hermenêutica feminista libertadora, têm como centro a figura de Inana, a deusa mais importante e mais popular da Suméria, que predominou, sob o nome de I tar, também nos panteões mesopotâmicos posteriores. O Capítulo 1 oferece uma reconstrução da vida na Suméria, desde os tempos neolíticos até os inícios do Período Babilônico Antigo (aproximadamente de 5000 a 2000 aEC), com especial atenção para dados sobre mulheres e para aspectos de gênero. O Capítulo 2 apresenta documentos pré-sargônicos, iconográficos e filológicos, relacionados com a figura e o culto de Inana, oferecendo as primeiras reflexões sobre aspectos particulares e conflitos que mostram sua posição especial na religião na Suméria e na sua crescente patriarcalização. No Capítulo 3, esses aspectos e conflitos são discutidos enfocando tradições de Inana como Senhora da Eana, dos Me e de Kur, com especial atenção para os mitos Inana e a Eana , Inana e os Me e Inana e o Inframundo (ETCSL 1.3.5; 1.3.1; 1.4.1). É mostrado que o mito Inana e a Eana é o resultado de manipulações para legitimar o culto de An nesse templo de Inana, que Inana e os Me reflete atitudes de resistência contra tentativas de seu desapoderamento, e que Inana e o Inframundo é composto de mitos diferentes que evidenciam vários conflitos relacionados com funções e poderes de Inana. Desse modo mostra-se que os conflitos em torno de Inana refletem repressões e resistências humanas no âmbito de uma sociedade quiriarcal e da crescente patriarcalização de sua religião. Embora a atuação política e religiosa de mulheres em sociedades de hoje não necessite de legitimações a partir de exemplos provenientes de religiões antigas, a reconstrução e memória feministas de tais exemplos podem servir de estímulo para tal atuação quando busca construir uma outra imagem do divino e quando luta por um mundo de igualdade em direitos e dignidade para todas as pessoas.(AU)
Reed-Geaghan, Erin Grace. "The inante immune receptor CD14 mediates microglial activation in Alzheimer's disease." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1266602303.
Full textMarques, Mariana Morato. "Leucotrienos como moduladores da imunidade inata a fungos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-12112012-092250/.
Full textLeukotrienes (LTs) are lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid. There is evidence that innate immunity receptors and leukotrienes receptors interact and amplify macrophage effector functions. We investigated if LTs receptors modulate phagocytosis and microbicidal activity mediated by Mannose receptor, Dectin-1 and PTX3 in alveolar macrophages (AMs) and the molecular mechanisms involved. Our results showed that: 1) AMs produce LTs when stimulated with C.albicans, Zy, Zy-PTX3; 2) LTs enhance phagocytosis of C.albicans and Zymosan, but not Zy-PTX3. This is dependent on: recognition via mannose receptor (LTB4) and Dectin-1 (LTD4); integrity of lipid rafts; its action on actin polimerization mechanisms; enhancement of F-actin levels by induction of Cofilin-1 inactivation; activation of LIMKs that regulate Cofilin-1; activation of PKCd and PI3K3) LTs enhance killing of C.albicans by activation of NADPH oxidase. Taken together, our results showed that LTs specifically influence signaling programs of keys PRRs.
Cruz, Meire Karla Miguel. "Receptores da imunidade inata na Leishmaniose visceral canina." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM BIOLOGIA PARASIT?RIA, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24113.
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C?es s?o os reservat?rios prim?rios dos parasitos do g?nero Leishmania. Receptores da imunidade inata fazem a detec??o precoce do parasito e conduzem a imunidade adaptativa espec?fica na tentativa de controlar a infec??o. Entretanto, poucos estudos tem investigado a correla??o entre a express?o de receptores da imunidade inata e a resist?ncia ou susceptibilidade em c?es infectados por Leishmania infantum. O objetivo deste estudo foi correlacionar os achados cl?nicos em c?es naturalmente infectados por L. infantum ? express?o de receptores da imunidade inata (Toll Like Receptors-TLRs e Nod Like Receptors-NLRs). Inicialmente, o soro de 76 c?es foi coletado no Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. A positividade dos c?es para L. infantum foi confirmada pela reatividade nos testes de ELISA e DPP?. Os c?es foram clinicamente avaliados e classificados como sintom?ticos (n=19), oligossintom?ticos (n=19), assintom?ticos (n=19) e n?o infectados (n=19). Os c?es naturalmente infectados por L. infantum e controles n?o infectados foram eutanasiados e fragmentos de f?gado foram coletados para quantifica??o da express?o de RNAm de TLRs (TLR1-9), NLRs (NOD1, NOD2, NLRP1 e NLRP3) citocinas (IL1?, IL-6, IL-12, IL-10, TNF?, IFN-?) e iNOS com auxilio da t?cnica de PCR em tempo real. Os resultados demonstram o aumento na express?o da maioria dos receptores do tipo Toll e do tipo Nod nos c?es naturalmente infectados por L. infantum, comparado a animais n?o infectados. Entretanto, c?es sintom?ticos apresentaram maior express?o de TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, TLR8, NLRP1, NLRP3, NOD1 e IL-1? quando comparado a animais assintom?ticos, mostrando significante aumento na transcri??o destas mol?culas com a progress?o da doen?a. Por outro lado, c?es assintom?ticos apresentaram maior express?o de RNAm de citocinas (IFN-?, IL-12) e iNOS quando comparado a animais oligossintom?ticos e sintom?ticos. Este estudo gerou novos conhecimentos envolvendo receptores da imunidade inata (TLRs, NLRs) na leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC), podendo servir de base para o melhor entendimento dos mecanismos de resist?ncia ou susceptibilidade ? infec??o por L. infantum em c?es, bem como dar subs?dio a estrat?gias profil?ticas para o controle da LVC.
Dogs are the primary reservoirs of parasites of the Leishmania genus. Innate immune receptors perform early detection of the parasite and lead to specific adaptive immune response in attempt to infection control. However, few studies have investigated a correlation between the expression of innate immunity receptors and the resistance or susceptibility pattern in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. The aim of this study was to correlate the clinical status of dogs naturally infected with L. infantum with the mRNA expression levels of innate imune receptors (Toll like receptors-TLRs and Nod Like Receptors-NLRs). Initially, serum of 76 dogs was collected at the Zoonoses Control Center in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The L. infantum infection in dogs was confirmed by ELISA and DPP? tests. Subsequently, animals were clinially evaluated and classified as asymptomatic (n=19), oligosymptomatic (n=19), symptomatic (n=19) and uninfected (n=19). Dogs naturally infected by L. infantum and uninfected controls were euthanasied and liver samples were collected to quantify mRNA expression of TLRs (TLR1-9), Nod Like receptors-NLRs (NOD1, NOD2, NLRP1, NLRP3), cytokines (IL1?, IL-6, IL-12, IL-10, TNF?, IFN-?) and iNOS using real-time PCR. The results demonstrate the increased expression of almost all TLRs and NLRs in dogs naturally infected by L. infantum compared with uninfected animals. However, symptomatic dogs showed higher expression of TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, TLR8 NLRP1, NLRP3, NOD1 and IL-1? than asymptomatic animals, revealing significant up regulation of transcription with disease progression. On the other hand, asymptomatic dogs presented greater cytokine mRNA expression (IFN-?, IL-12) and iNOS when compared to oligosymptomatic and asymptomatic animals. This study unveil new knowledge involving innate immunity receptors (TLRs, NLRs) and cytokines in canine visceral leishmaniasis and may be used as a basis for better understanding of resistance or susceptibility mechanisms in dogs infected with L. infantum, as well as prophylactic strategies to control canine visceral leishmaniasis.
Alomari, Mohammed [Verfasser]. "Technology and characterization of InAlN/GaN FETs / Mohammed Alomari." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften und Informatik, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037157974/34.
Full textTaylor-Shaw, Elaine. "Composition and luminescence studies of InGaN and InAIN alloys." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2015. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25954.
Full textReis, Cláudio Araújo dos. "A imunidade inata na insuficiência cardíaca: papel dos monócitos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/10087.
Full textOs monócitos desempenham um papel importante na imunidade inata e a ativação desta é mediada pelos recetores Toll-like (TLRs). Os TLRs estão envolvidos no reconhecimento de micro-organismos estranhos pelo sistema imunológico inato, podendo também ser ativados por moléculas endogénas. Os TLR2 e TLR4 têm sido associados à ativação da imunidade inata na insuficiência cardíaca (IC). Os monócitos são populações heterogéneas e compreendem subpopulações com fenótipos distintos, que podem ser identificadas pela diferente expressão dos antigénios CD14 e CD16. Este estudo tem como objetivo clarificar os mecanismos de ativação da imunidade inata em doentes com insuficiência cardíaca crónica (ICC), utilizando a imunofenotipagem celular por citometria de fluxo. Foi colhido sangue periférico a 15 doentes com ICC e a 12 controlos saudáveis. Estudou-se por citometria de fluxo o fenótipo celular dos monócitos (FSC, SSC, TLR2, TLR4, CD4, CD11b, CD14, CD16, CD36, CD45, CD64, HLA-Dr e IREM-2), dos neutrófilos (FSC, SSC, CD10, CD11b, CD13, CD15, CD16 e CD45) e dos linfócitos (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19 e CD56). As três subpopulações monocíticas identificadas (CD14+CD16-, CD14+CD16+ e CD14dimCD16+) apresentaram diferenças fenotípicas dos antigénios celulares estudados. A subpopulação CD14+CD16+ foi a que expressou com maior intensidade vários antigénios de ativação e os recetores TLR2 e TLR4. Os doentes com ICC apresentaram um aumento ligeiro da percentagem dos monócitos CD14+CD16+ e uma diminuição dos monócitos CD14+CD16-. A subpopulação CD14dimCD16+ apresentou uma diminuição significativa da sua percentagem com o aumento da gravidade da ICC. Na maioria das subpopulações, o TLR2 e o TLR4 tiveram uma tendência de aumento da sua expressão nos doentes com ICC, do que nos controlos. Os monócitos CD14dimCD16+ apresentaram uma diminuição significativa da expressão do TLR2 nos doentes com ICC, relativamente ao grupo controlo. A expressão diferencial do TLR2 e do TLR4 nos subtipos de monócitos poderá contribuir para o desenvolvimento e progressão da IC. A existência de subpopulações monocíticas com fenótipos e funções distintas poderá fornecer informações valiosas da patogénese da IC.
Monocytes play an important role in innate immunity and these are activated by the Toll-like receptores (TLRs). TLRs are able to recognise foreign microorganisms via the innate immune system and these can also be activated by endogenous molecules. TLR2 and TLR4 have been associated with activation the innate immunity in heart failure (HF). Monocytes are heterogenous populations which are subdivided into distinct phenotypes and can be identified by the different expression of CD14 and CD16 antigens. This study´s main objective is to clarify the activation mechanisms of innate immunity in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), using the cellular immunophenotyping by flow cytometry. Peripheral blood was taken from 15 patients with CHF and was used also 12 health controls. The cellular phenotypes of the monocytes were studied using flow cytometry (TLR2, TLR4, CD4, CD11b, CD14, CD16, CD36, CD45, CD64, HLA-Dr, IREM-2, FSC and SSC), in neutrophils (CD10, CD11b, CD13, CD15, CD16, CD45, FSC e SSC) and in lymphocytes (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19 e CD56). The three monocytic subpopulations identified (CD14+CD16-, CD14+CD16+ e CD14dimCD16+) revealed phenotypic differences of the cellular antigens. The CD14+CD16+ subpopulation expressed greater intensity of several activation antigens as well TLR2 and TLR4 receptors. Patients with CHF showed a slight increase in monocyte percentage CD14+CD16+ and a decrease in CD14+CD16- monocytes. The CD14dimCD16+ subpopulation showed a significant decrease of its percentage with increasing severity of CHF. In most subpopulations, TLR2 and TLR4 had a trend of increased expression in patients with CHF than controls. In patients with CHF, CD14dimCD16+ monocytes showed a significant decrease in expression of TLR2, than the control group. Different expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the subtypes of monocytes may contribute to the development and progression of HF. The existence of monocytic subpopulations with distinct phenotypes and functions can provide valuable information of the pathogenesis of HF.
Wu, Yufei Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. "Reliability of W-Band InAIN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112033.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 121-129).
AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) have enjoyed tremendous market growth in RF power amplifiers over the past decades. In the quest for enhancing the operating frequency of GaN HEMTs, there has been a great effort to scale down the gate length. Maintaining acceptable short-channel effects requires shrinking the barrier thickness at the same time. However, a limitation exists since there is a minimum barrier thickness that is needed to obtain a sufficiently high two-dimensional electron gas density. One possible solution to this problem is the use of a new barrier material, i.e., InAlN. Due to its high spontaneous polarization, if InAlN is used as a barrier material in GaN HEMTs, a much smaller layer thickness is required compared with conventional HEMTs. This enables further barrier thickness scaling and therefore gate length scaling and a higher frequency response. However, as a relatively new structure, reliability studies of InAlN/GaN HEMTs are still lacking. Solid reliability is essential before the wide commercial deployment of this new technology. This thesis investigates the most relevant degradation mechanisms under important stress regimes, aiming at building a comprehensive understanding of InAIN/GaN HEMT reliability. Through investigating various voltage, current, and temperature stress levels, we have identified one recoverable degradation mechanism as well as three permanent degradation mechanisms. Under high drain voltage, hot-electron trapping results in temporary drain current decrease and drain resistance increase. In addition, under high drain voltage but relatively low drain current level, permanent negative threshold voltage shift and drain current increase have been observed. We attribute the phenomena to dehydrogenation of pre-existing defects in GaN channel by hot electrons. Under high positive gate bias, defect generation in the AIN interlayer due to high electric field across AIN has proven to be responsible for the observed gate leakage current increase. Also, under high-power stress conditions, positive threshold voltage shift and maximum drain current decrease have been consistently observed. We verified through both thermal stress experiments and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis that Schottky gate sinking is the cause. This work provides fundamental understanding of potential reliability concerns in InAlN/GaN HEMTs and is essential in accelerating the future commercialization of this promising technology.
by Yufei Wu.
Ph. D.
Batista, Camila Freitas. "Dinâmica da resposta imune inata do sistema respiratório de bezerros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-04092012-150644/.
Full textThe influences of age in calves\' immune system are described in their first phase of life. The hypothesis that variations occur in the main mechanisms of lung innate response can help to identify periods of greater susceptibility to the respiratory diseases that affect calves in the first stage of their life. With the purpose of minimizing the economic losses associated with respiratory disease in calves, this study aimed to evaluate the innate immune dynamics of the respiratory system of healthy calves in the first three months of life. Nine healthy calves were monitored for three months and eight immunologic evaluations were performed. Bronchoalveolar lavage samples were recovered by bronchoscopy. Then, the alveolar macrophages in samples were identified by protein expression of CD14 and undergone functional evaluation of phagocytosis (SAPI and E.coli) and oxidative burst. Immunoglobulin were also quantified in samples. Data was assessed by one-way ANOVA (unstacked) (parametric) and the Mann-Whitney test nonparametric). Functional alterations in phagocytes CD14 + were observed, and although their relative values were kept throughout the period, higher intensity of phagocytosis in the third week and increased phagocytosis by macrophages CD14 + at 45 days of life was observed. Decreased intensity of phagocytosis was observed after this age. It is concluded that from 45 days of life on, calves began to maintain their immune response, but until 90 days of life they did not achieve the stability to conclude the maturation of local innate response.
Guimarães, Joana Alexandra Carvalho. "Patogénese da artrite idiopática juvenil sistémica. Papel da imunidade inata." Master's thesis, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/62307.
Full textNoleto, Pablo Gomes. "Efeito do metabolismo na resposta imune inata do endométrio bovino." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2016. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/19063.
Full textContaminação bacteriana que normalmente infecta o endométrio bovino no pós-parto prejudica a defesa imunológica quando há estresse metabólico, levando a endometrite e infertilidade. A resposta do endométrio contra bactérias depende da imunidade inata, com o reconhecimento de padrões moleculares associados a patógenos, estimulando a inflamação, caracterizadas por secreção de interleucinas (IL)-1p, IL-6 e IL-8. Entretanto, animais frequentemente falham em eliminar a infecção microbiana quando apresentam reduzidas concentrações de glicose e glutamina, que são fontes de energia para o endométrio no conhecido balanço energético negativo. A contínua inflamação e resposta imune inata contra infecção bacteriana no útero após o parto compromete o bem-estar animal. Neste estudo testou-se a hipótese de que as vias homeostáticas conferidas pela glicose, glutamina e biotina integram o metabolismo energético e a imunidade inata no tecido endometrial bovino. A ausência de glicose reduziu a secreção de IL-1P, IL-6 e IL-8 em culturas de órgãos endometriais desafiadas com a endotoxina lipopolissacarídeo (LPS). Depleção de glutamina também reduziu a atividade inflamatória do endométrio contra LPS. Entretanto, as atividades de glicose e glutamina dependem da presença de glicólise. A vitamina biotina demonstrou ter caráter anti- inflamatório, reduzindo a produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias no endométrio. Em conclusão, o estresse energético metabólico afetou as respostas inflamatórias à infecções bacterianas no endométrio. Providenciamos dados que demonstram como o balanço energético negativo pode estar ligado a doença uterina no pós-parto.
Bacteria that usually infect the bovine endometrium at postpartum impairs immune defense when exist metabolic stress, leading to endometritis and infertility. The response of the endometrium to bacteria depends on innate immunity, with the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by stimulating inflammation, characterized by secretion of interleukins (IL) -1p, IL-6 and IL-8. However, animals often fail to eliminate the microbial infection when they have reduced levels of glucose and glutamine, which are sources of energy to the endometrium in the negative energy balance. Continuous inflammation and innate immune response to bacterial infection in the uterus after calving compromise animal welfare. In this study we tested the hypothesis that homeostatic pathways conferred by glucose , glutamine and biotin, link the energy metabolism and innate immunity in the bovine endometrial tissue. The deprivation of glucose reduced the secretion of IL-1P, IL-6 and IL-8 in cultures of endometrial organs challenged with the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Glutamine depletion also reduces the inflammatory activity of the endometrium to LPS. However, glucose and glutamine activities depend on the presence of glycolysis. The vitamin biotin demonstrates anti-inflammatory nature, reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the endometrium. In conclusion, the energy metabolic stress disrupts inflammatory responses to bacterial infections in the endometrium. We provide data on how negative energy balance may be linked to postpartum uterine disease.
Tese (Doutorado)
Santos, Renato de Lima. "Imunidade inata, patogênese e diagnóstico de salmonelose, brucelose e leishmaniose /." Botucatu, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/122156.
Full textAbstract: This work provides a systematic and critical review of part of the scientific production of its author. It includes three research topics, namely salmonellosis, brucellosis, and leishmaniasis. Each one of these topics is discussed in individual chapters. Most of the data discussed here refers to pathology, pathogenesis, hostpathogen interactions, innate immunity, and diagnosis of these diseases. Instead of being organized as a traditional literature reviews, the chapters actually emphasize the scientific contribution of the author's publications in each of these fields
Leite, Luciana de Magalhães. "Imunidade inata em cães com infecção natural pela Leishmania spp." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2014. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/18627.
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As leishmanioses representam um complexo de doenças com uma importante diversidade clínica e epidemiológica. A Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC) é uma zoonose endêmica no Brasil, anteriormente restrita a áreas rurais, mas, recentemente tem ocorrido expansão no processo de urbanização da Leishmaniose Visceral. A imunidade inata participa dos mecanismos de defesa contra a leishmânia e ainda está pouco compreendida na leishmaniose canina. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta imunitária inata dos fagócitos de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania spp. em comparação com cães normais, pela avaliação da fagocitose e capacidade de produzir moléculas microbicidas. Foram utilizados 30 cães, sem raça definida, maiores que um ano de idade, sendo 22 cães machos e 8 fêmeas, que foram distribuídos em dois grupos: 15 cães não infectados utilizados como controle normal e 15 cães naturalmente infectados pela Leishmania spp. Foram feitos o exame clínico, o hemograma e os testes bioquímicos. Foram avaliadas a fagocitose de Saccharomyces cerevisiae pelos neutrófilos e monócitos do sangue periférico, pelos receptores para padrões moleculares de patógenos e pelos receptores para opsoninas. A produção de ânions superóxido foi avaliada pelo teste do NBT, a produção de peróxido de hidrogênio pela oxidação do vermelho neutro na presença de peroxidase e a produção de óxido nítrico foi quantificada pela presença de nitrito no sobrenadante das culturas utilizando reagente de Griess, estimuladas ou não com LPS. Os cães com leishmaniose apresentaram os seguintes sinais clínicos característicos da doença: alopecia (33%), descamação (46%), úlcera na pele (20%), onicogrifose (26%), caquexia (46%), linfoadenomegalia (40%), ceratoconjuntivite (53%). Os cães com leishmaniose apresentaram anemia normocrômica e normocítica, plaquetopenia e leucopenia, com neutrofilia relativa e desvio à esquerda. Os cães com leishmaniose apresentaram diminuição da atividade sérica da alanina aminotransferase (ALT) em relação a cães normais. Não foram observadas diferenças na concentração sérica da creatinina. As proteínas totais (PT) mostraram-se aumentadas em cães com leishmaniose as custas do aumento das globulinas, sendo que não houve diferença na concentração sérica de albumina entre cães com leishmaniose e cães normais. Cães com leishmaniose apresentaram menor capacidade fagocitária pelos neutrófilos do que cães normais quando avaliados pelos r eceptores para padrões moleculares de patógenos. A fagocitose facilitada por opsoninas mostrou que o número de leveduras ingeridas por neutrófilo foi maior em cães com leishmaniose em relação aos controles normais. Não houve diferença entre a capacidade fagocitária pelos monócitos de cães com leishmaniose e cães controle normal quando avaliados pelos receptores para padrões moleculares de patógenos, nas proporções de 5 ou 20 leveduras não sensibilizadas por monócito. Monócitos de cães com leishmaniose apresentaram maior capacidade fagocitária em comparação aos de cães normais, quando avaliados pelos receptores para opsoninas, tanto na proporção de 5 quanto na proporção de 20 leveduras sensibilizadas por monócito. A porcentagem de redução do NBT basal pelos fagócitos de cães com leishmaniose foi menor do que a dos cães controle. Quando utilizamos a concentração de 5 μg/mL de LPS, observamos que cães controles normais apresentaram um aumento da produção de óxido nítrico em relação aos cães controles normais. Entretanto, nos cães com leishmaniose houve diminuição na produção de óxido nítrico quando estimulados com 5 μg/mL de LPS em relação a sua produção basal. Observamos maior produção basal de peróxido de hidrogênio pelos cães com leishmaniose. Nossos resultados mostraram que há uma deficiência dos neutrófilos de cães com leishmaniose tanto na fagocitose quanto na produção de moléculas microbicidas, como os ânions superóxido. Entretanto, os monócitos desses cães embora apresentem uma maior capacidade fagocitária do que os cães normais, mostram uma menor capacidade de produzir óxido nítrico, que é uma das principais moléculas microbicidas para as leishmânias. Estas alterações do sistema imunitário inato podem favorecer o escape do parasito do sistema imunitário do hospedeiro, assim perpetuando sua sobrevivência. Ademais, o aumento da produção de peróxido de hidrogênio pelos monócitos, pode estar contribuindo para restringir em parte a multiplicação do parasito, mas o seu excesso pode também estar contribuindo nos mecanismos de imunopatogenia. Nossos dados contribuem para uma maior compreensão dos mecanismos de defesa da imunidade inata e da imunopatogenia da leishmaniose em cães e podem contribuir para a busca de novos alvos para drogas imunomoduladoras que possam auxiliar no tratamento contra a leishmaniose. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Leishmaniasis represent a complex disease with a significant clinical and epidemiological diversity. The Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) is a zoonosis endemic in Brazil, previously restricted to rural areas, but recently there has been expansion in the urbanization process of Visceral Leishmaniasis. Innate immunity participates in the defense mechanisms against Leishmania and is still poorly understood in canine leishmaniasis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the innate immune response of phagocytes of naturally infected dogs to Leishmania spp. compared to healthy dogs, and to evaluate phagocytosis and microbicide molecule production by phagocytes. Thirty dogs, mixed breed, higher than one year old, 22 males and 8 females, were separated into two groups: 15 uninfected dogs used as healthy control, 15 dogs naturally infected by Leishmania spp. The clinical examination, the blood cell count and biochemical tests were assessed. Phagocytosis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by neutrophils and monocytes were assessed through pathogen-associated molecular pattern and opsonin receptors. The production of superoxide anions was assessed by the NBT test. Hydrogen peroxide production was evaluated by neutral red oxidation and nitric oxide production by the Griess reagent, with or without LPS. Leishmania infected-dogs showed the following clinical characteristics: alopecia (33%), peeling (46%), skin ulcers (20%), onychogryphosis (26%), cachexia (46%), lymphadenopathy (40%), keratoconjunctivitis (53%). Leishmania infected-dogs showed normochromic and normocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia with neutrophil relative increment and a left shift. Leishmania infected- dogs showed decreased serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) compared to healthy control. No differences were observed in serum creatinine. The total protein (TP) was increased in Leishmania infected-dogs due to an increase in globulins, and there was no difference in serum albumin concentration between dogs with leishmaniasis and healthy controls. Leishmania infected-dogs showed lower phagocytic capacity by neutrophils than healthy dogs when evaluated by pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors. Phagocytosis facilitated by opsonins showed that the number of ingested yeast per neutrophil was higher in Leishmania infected-dogs when compared to healthy controls. There was no difference between the phagocytic capacity of monocytes by Leishmania infected-dogs and healthy control when evaluated by pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors. Monocytes from leishmaniasis animals showed higher phagocytic capacity when compared with healthy dogs, as assessed by the opsonin receptors. NBT percent reduction was lower in leishmaniasis than control dogs. When the concentration of 5 mg / mL of LPS was use, it was observed that healthy control dogs showed an increase in nitric oxide production when compared to control dogs. However, in dogs with leishmaniasis decreased nitric oxide production was observed when monocytes were stimulated with 5 / ml LPS. Higher baseline production of hydrogen peroxide by dogs with leishmaniasis was observed. Our results showed that there is a deficiency in neutrophils of Leishmania infected-dogs, both to phagocytosis as production of microbicidal molecules, such as superoxide anions. However, monocytes from leishmaniasis animals showed a higher phagocytic capacity than healthy dogs, showed a decreased capability to produce nitric oxide, which is a major microbicides molecule to Leishmania. These changes in innate immune system may favor the parasite scape from host immune system, thus maintaining their survival. In addition, the increased production of hydrogen peroxide by monocytes may contribute to impair the growth of parasites, but its excessive production may contribute to the immunopathogenesis of the disease. Our data contribute to enhance the understanding of the defense mechanisms of innate immunity and the immunopathogenesis of the disease in dogs. This knowledge may contribute as new targets for immunomodulatory drugs improving treatment against leishmaniasis.
Eckhoff, Grace. "Evaluation of a Novel Inaba Cholera Conjugate Vaccine in Mice." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17295897.
Full textGuimarães, Joana Alexandra Carvalho. "Patogénese da artrite idiopática juvenil sistémica. Papel da imunidade inata." Dissertação, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/62307.
Full textNtuli, Leanett Fanyana. "Community participation in the implementation of the integrated development plan with reference to Inanda Township in the province of Kwa-Zulu Natal." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1664.
Full textBlaha, Jindřich. "Posouzení podnikatelského plánu s důrazem na finanční analýzu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-13722.
Full textKampa, Alethea Valim. "Pai e filho(a) deficiente: o brincar e a intersubjetividade inata." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2009. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1722.
Full textFundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
This study aimed to observe the existence or not of interactions between the father and his disabled child in playing situations, based upon the Theory of Innate Intersubjectivity. Two disabled children, aged 1 and 1-and-a-half year and their fathers were selected and filmed in their homes, during playtime, for a 30-minute period. Based in the assertion that the child has the ability to respond affective and adequately to the other and synchronically interact, observed behaviors were divided into two main categories: negotiatory and emotional. Playing was analyzed according to the children s ability to maintain them, based in Occupational Therapy s theories on the subject. Results showed that interactions between father and child occurred, although there were frequent breaking in synchrony and the presence of irritation in one of the children, as well as the ability of creating and sustaining a game, despite their limitations, with their fathers help.
Este estudo teve como objetivo observar a existência ou não de interação entre o pai e seu filho com deficiência em situação de brincar, usando como base a Teoria da Intersubjetividade Inata. Para tanto, foram selecionadas duas crianças de um ano e meio a dois anos e meio de idade com deficiência e seus pais para serem filmados em suas casas, num período de recreação, durante 30 minutos. Partindo do pressuposto de que a criança tem a capacidade de responder afetiva e adequadamente ao outro e interagir em sincronia, os comportamentos observados foram divididos em duas categorias principais: negociadoras e emocionais. As brincadeiras foram analisadas segundo a capacidade de manutenção delas pelas crianças, de acordo com as teorias da Terapia Ocupacional sobre o brincar. Os resultados indicaram que houve interação entre os pais e suas crianças, apesar de quebras freqüentes da sincronia e presença de comportamentos de irritação por parte de uma das crianças, além da capacidade delas em criar e sustentar uma brincadeira apesar de suas limitações, com a devida ajuda dos pais.
Melounová, Irena. "Role prezidenta v zahraniční politice Brazílie (srovnání Luize Inacia Luly da Silvy a Dilmy Roussefové)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-149860.
Full textTakahashi, Jaqueline Dalbello Biller [UNESP]. "Imunomodulação por levamisol na imunidade inata e adquirida de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100725.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O aparecimento de doenças em peixes de criação intensiva é um problema enfrentado no Brasil e no mundo. Algumas substâncias podem influenciar as respostas do sistema imune de peixes, como o levamisol, através da modulação de parâmetros imunes, aumentando a resistência contra diversos agentes. Foram avaliados os efeitos do levamisol na dieta em dois experimentos. O primeiro experimento avaliou a suplementação com 0, 125, 250 e 500 mg kg-1 do imunoestimulante administrado por sete e 15 dias, no qual foram avaliados os parâmetros da imunidade inata, hematológicos e bioquímicos. A administração do levamisol por sete e 15 dias promoveu alterações em parâmetros imunológicos e hematológicos. A administração do levamisol pode promover imunomodulação, entretanto a determinação do efeito não ficou claro devido às respostas contraditórias em cada parâmetro avaliado. O segundo experimento consistiu em suplementação com 0, 125, 250 e 500 mg kg-1 do imunoestimulante administrada por sete dias conjuntamente com a imunização com bactérias Aeromonas hydrophila. A imunização e a administração de levamisol promoveram aumento do título de anticorpos, atividade bactericida do soro, hematócrito, número de eritrócitos, leucócitos totais e trombócitos nos pacus. A administração de levamisol por sete dias e a imunização de pacus promoveu melhora de alguns parâmetros da imunidade adquirida e inata de defesa. Entretanto outros protocolos devem ser estudados para avaliar o efeito do levamisol sobre o sistema imune de pacu
The emergence of diseases in fish farming is a problem faced in Brazil and worldwide. Some substances can influence the immune system responses of fish, like levamisole, increasing resistance against various etiological agents. Were evaluated the effects of levamisole in diet in two experiments. The first experiment evaluated supplementation with 0, 125, 250 and 500 mg kg-1 imunoestimulante administered by seven and 15 days in which have been assessed the parameters of innate immunity, haematological and biochemists. The administration of levamisole by seven and 15 days promoted changes in haematological and immunological parameters. The administration of levamisole can promote immunodulation, however the determination of the effect not clear due to contradictory answers evaluated in each parameter. The second experiment consisted of supplementation with 0, 125, 250 and 500 mg kg-1 imunoestimulante administered by seven days together with immunization with inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria with formaldehyde. Immunization and administration of levamisole promoted increase antibody titre, serum bactericidal activity, hematocrit, number of erythrocytes, leucocytes and thrombocytes in pacus totals. Administration of levamisole for seven days and immunization pacus promoted improves some parameters of innate and acquired immunity defense. However other protocols must be studied to assess the effect of levamisole on the immune system of pacu
Marconi, Camila [UNESP]. "Aspectos clínicos, microbiológicos e da regulação da imunidade inata na vaginose bacteriana." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104556.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A vaginose bacteriana (VB) é a alteração de microbiota vaginal mais frequente em mulheres em idade reprodutiva.Inúmeras complicações ginecológicas e obstétricas são associadas à VB, como doença inflamatória pélvica, aumento do risco de aquisição de Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DSTs), corioamnionite clínica e histológica e baixo peso ao nascimento. A VB se caracteriza pela substituição dos lactobacilos da microbiota vaginal por outras espécies bacterianas, na sua maioria anaeróbias. Estudos recentes demonstraram que várias espécies até então raramente ou nunca isoladas em laboratório são associadas à VB como Atopobium vaginae, Leptotrichia sp. e Megasphaera sp. Essas espécies têm como característica comum a produção de ácido lático. Dessa forma, tem sido observado que mulheres assintomáticas podem apresentar ausência de lactobacilos na microbiota vaginal e predomínio de tais espécies. Portanto, alguns autores sugerem que elas possam contribuir para o equilíbrio do meio vaginal. Tendo em vista que os casos de VB apresentam grande heterogeneidade quanto à composição microbiológica, considera-se que a resposta imune também possa ser variável. A amplificação da resposta imune local na VB é um dos mecanismos que levam a maior suscetibilidade da mucosa vaginal à aquisição de DSTs, dentre as quais a infecção clamidiana que, é bastante frequente em nossa população. Embora estudos tenham demonstrado associação da infecção por Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) com a VB, poucos trabalhos avaliaram o perfil da resposta imune inata local nesses casos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar parâmetros da imunidade inata e atividade de sialidases nos casos de VB em relação a maior ou menor participação das espécies de A. vaginae, Leptotrichia sp. e Megasphaera sp., além de comparar os níveis de citocinas pro-inflamatórias nos casos de VB de acordo com o status...
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most frequent type of abnormal vaginal flora in women in childbearing age. Several gynecological and obstetrical complications are associated with BV, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, increased risk for acquisition of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), clinical and histological chorioamnionitis and low birth weight. Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by the replacement of the vaginal lactobacilli by other bacterial species, mostly anaerobes. Recent studies show that many species, rarely or never isolated by culture, are highly associated with BV, such as Atopobium vaginae, Leptotrichia sp. and Megasphaera sp. In common, these bacteria have the characteristic of producing lactic acid. Study of the vaginal flora of asymptomatic women showed that these species may replace the lactobacilli, dominating the vaginal environment. Thus, some authors suggest that A. vaginae, Leptotrichia sp. and Megasphaera sp. may contribute to a balanced vaginal flora. Considering that BV cases are microbiologically heterogeneous, the immune response is also likely to differ among the women. An imbalanced local immune response is one of the mechanisms leading to increased acquisition of STIs, such as chlamydial infection, which is very frequent in our population. Although studies demonstrated a significant association of BV with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), few studies evaluated the associated innate immune response. The objective of this study was to evaluate parameters of the innate immunity and sialidase activity in BV, in relation to the larger or samaller participation of A. vaginae, Leptotrichia sp. and Megasphaera sp., and to compare the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BV cases according to the status of CT infection. We evaluated women that presented BV in the period of the study and the control group was composed by women with normal vaginal flora pattern. Vaginal ...
Yoshikawa, Fábio Seiti Yamada. "A participação dos receptores da imunidade inata na resposta contra Trichophyton rubrum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-04052016-104324/.
Full textDermatophytosis are chronic fungal infections whose main causative agent is Trichophyton rubrum. Despite its high incidence worldwide, the immunological mechanisms underlying these infections remain largely unknown. Here we investigated the involvement of two classes of innate immune receptors (NLRs and CLRs) in the reponse to T.rubrum and performed a proteomic profiling of macrophages upon T.rubrum stimulation. We observed that T.rubrum was able to drive NLRP3 inflammasome-derived IL-1β production and highlighted IL-1 signaling as an important component in the shaping of the IL-17 response. We defined the CLRs dectin-1 and dectin-2 as key receptors for the induction of inflammatory cytokines and for the infection control in the in vivo settings. Curiously, IL-17 cytokines and T and B lymphocytes were dispensable for fungal clearance. In addition, we uncovered CLEC1A as a new receptor in fungal sensing, involved in the recognition of T.rubrum glycolipids. Finally, the proteomic analysis revealed Vimentin and Plastin-2 as two proteins potentially involved in the host-pathogen interaction.
Marconi, Camila. "Aspectos clínicos, microbiológicos e da regulação da imunidade inata na vaginose bacteriana /." Botucatu, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104556.
Full textBanca: Ana Katherine da Silveira Gonçalves
Banca: Rodrigo Paupério Soares de Camargo
Banca: Andrea da Rocha Tristão
Banca: Geraldo Duarte
Resumo: A vaginose bacteriana (VB) é a alteração de microbiota vaginal mais frequente em mulheres em idade reprodutiva.Inúmeras complicações ginecológicas e obstétricas são associadas à VB, como doença inflamatória pélvica, aumento do risco de aquisição de Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DSTs), corioamnionite clínica e histológica e baixo peso ao nascimento. A VB se caracteriza pela substituição dos lactobacilos da microbiota vaginal por outras espécies bacterianas, na sua maioria anaeróbias. Estudos recentes demonstraram que várias espécies até então raramente ou nunca isoladas em laboratório são associadas à VB como Atopobium vaginae, Leptotrichia sp. e Megasphaera sp. Essas espécies têm como característica comum a produção de ácido lático. Dessa forma, tem sido observado que mulheres assintomáticas podem apresentar ausência de lactobacilos na microbiota vaginal e predomínio de tais espécies. Portanto, alguns autores sugerem que elas possam contribuir para o equilíbrio do meio vaginal. Tendo em vista que os casos de VB apresentam grande heterogeneidade quanto à composição microbiológica, considera-se que a resposta imune também possa ser variável. A amplificação da resposta imune local na VB é um dos mecanismos que levam a maior suscetibilidade da mucosa vaginal à aquisição de DSTs, dentre as quais a infecção clamidiana que, é bastante frequente em nossa população. Embora estudos tenham demonstrado associação da infecção por Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) com a VB, poucos trabalhos avaliaram o perfil da resposta imune inata local nesses casos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar parâmetros da imunidade inata e atividade de sialidases nos casos de VB em relação a maior ou menor participação das espécies de A. vaginae, Leptotrichia sp. e Megasphaera sp., além de comparar os níveis de citocinas pro-inflamatórias nos casos de VB de acordo com o status ...
Abstract: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most frequent type of abnormal vaginal flora in women in childbearing age. Several gynecological and obstetrical complications are associated with BV, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, increased risk for acquisition of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), clinical and histological chorioamnionitis and low birth weight. Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by the replacement of the vaginal lactobacilli by other bacterial species, mostly anaerobes. Recent studies show that many species, rarely or never isolated by culture, are highly associated with BV, such as Atopobium vaginae, Leptotrichia sp. and Megasphaera sp. In common, these bacteria have the characteristic of producing lactic acid. Study of the vaginal flora of asymptomatic women showed that these species may replace the lactobacilli, dominating the vaginal environment. Thus, some authors suggest that A. vaginae, Leptotrichia sp. and Megasphaera sp. may contribute to a balanced vaginal flora. Considering that BV cases are microbiologically heterogeneous, the immune response is also likely to differ among the women. An imbalanced local immune response is one of the mechanisms leading to increased acquisition of STIs, such as chlamydial infection, which is very frequent in our population. Although studies demonstrated a significant association of BV with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), few studies evaluated the associated innate immune response. The objective of this study was to evaluate parameters of the innate immunity and sialidase activity in BV, in relation to the larger or samaller participation of A. vaginae, Leptotrichia sp. and Megasphaera sp., and to compare the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BV cases according to the status of CT infection. We evaluated women that presented BV in the period of the study and the control group was composed by women with normal vaginal flora pattern. Vaginal ...
Doutor
Takahashi, Jaqueline Dalbello Biller. "Imunomodulação por levamisol na imunidade inata e adquirida de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100725.
Full textBanca: José Eurico Possebon Cyrino
Banca: Helio José Montassier
Banca: Janessa Sampaio de Abreu
Banca: Fabiana Pilarski
Resumo: O aparecimento de doenças em peixes de criação intensiva é um problema enfrentado no Brasil e no mundo. Algumas substâncias podem influenciar as respostas do sistema imune de peixes, como o levamisol, através da modulação de parâmetros imunes, aumentando a resistência contra diversos agentes. Foram avaliados os efeitos do levamisol na dieta em dois experimentos. O primeiro experimento avaliou a suplementação com 0, 125, 250 e 500 mg kg-1 do imunoestimulante administrado por sete e 15 dias, no qual foram avaliados os parâmetros da imunidade inata, hematológicos e bioquímicos. A administração do levamisol por sete e 15 dias promoveu alterações em parâmetros imunológicos e hematológicos. A administração do levamisol pode promover imunomodulação, entretanto a determinação do efeito não ficou claro devido às respostas contraditórias em cada parâmetro avaliado. O segundo experimento consistiu em suplementação com 0, 125, 250 e 500 mg kg-1 do imunoestimulante administrada por sete dias conjuntamente com a imunização com bactérias Aeromonas hydrophila. A imunização e a administração de levamisol promoveram aumento do título de anticorpos, atividade bactericida do soro, hematócrito, número de eritrócitos, leucócitos totais e trombócitos nos pacus. A administração de levamisol por sete dias e a imunização de pacus promoveu melhora de alguns parâmetros da imunidade adquirida e inata de defesa. Entretanto outros protocolos devem ser estudados para avaliar o efeito do levamisol sobre o sistema imune de pacu
Abstract: The emergence of diseases in fish farming is a problem faced in Brazil and worldwide. Some substances can influence the immune system responses of fish, like levamisole, increasing resistance against various etiological agents. Were evaluated the effects of levamisole in diet in two experiments. The first experiment evaluated supplementation with 0, 125, 250 and 500 mg kg-1 imunoestimulante administered by seven and 15 days in which have been assessed the parameters of innate immunity, haematological and biochemists. The administration of levamisole by seven and 15 days promoted changes in haematological and immunological parameters. The administration of levamisole can promote immunodulation, however the determination of the effect not clear due to contradictory answers evaluated in each parameter. The second experiment consisted of supplementation with 0, 125, 250 and 500 mg kg-1 imunoestimulante administered by seven days together with immunization with inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria with formaldehyde. Immunization and administration of levamisole promoted increase antibody titre, serum bactericidal activity, hematocrit, number of erythrocytes, leucocytes and thrombocytes in pacus totals. Administration of levamisole for seven days and immunization pacus promoted improves some parameters of innate and acquired immunity defense. However other protocols must be studied to assess the effect of levamisole on the immune system of pacu
Doutor
Deiró, Adenilda Queirós Santos. "Aspectos da Resposta imune inata de ratos obesos submetidos à sepse abdominal." Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, 2010. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/17276.
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A obesidade é uma doença multifatorial que tem em sua origem fatores genéticos, psicossociais, nutricionais, metabólicos e endócrinos. A obesidade e a sepse em conjunto, são uma causa de crescente preocupação no mundo ocidental e o aumento da morbidade e mortalidade têm sido relatados em pacientes obesos criticamente enfermos. O mecanismo exato para este fenômeno ainda não está esclarecido. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar eventuais conseqüências da obesidade sobre aspectos da resposta imune inata de ratos submetidos à sepse polimicrobiana. No primeiro artigo foram avaliadas as conseqüências da sepse em ratos obesos através da análise do leucograma e da histologia do pulmão. Neste trabalho encontramos aumento de leucócitos totais tanto nos ratos submetidos à cirurgia de indução da sepse (CLP) quanto aqueles sham-operados nos tempos de 4 e 24 horas após os procedimentos. Os ratos obesos sépticos apresentam maior lesão pulmonar após 24h da sepse do que os outros grupos. No segundo artigo avaliou-se a função de macrófagos alveolares de ratos obesos frente à sepse polimicrobiana. Foram analisados o índice de aderência, a taxa de fagocitose, a produção de óxido nítrico e a produção de citocinas IFN-γ e IL-12 de ratos normais e obesos sépticos ou sham-operados nos tempos de 4 e 24 horas. Os resultados desse trabalho mostraram que os ratos obesos sépticos produziram maior quantidade de NO após 4h e 24h da cirurgia de indução da sepse (CLP) em relação aos demais grupos. Assim, o resultado deste trabalho demonstrou que a obesidade em situações de estresse orgânico como a sepse pode exacerbar a resposta imune inata deixando o indivíduo susceptível à piora do quadro clínico comprometendo a sobrevivência do indivíduo nesta situação.
Lee, Jacqueline Amanda. "Cellular and molecular mechanisms of salinity acclimation in an amphidromous teleost fish." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Science, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10370.
Full textKochenborger, Ana Paula Bouças. "Investigação da expressão do gene IFIH1 em mulheres com pré-eclampsia e do efeito do bloqueio desta helicase na indução de genes relacionados à hipertensão arterial." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143056.
Full textArterial hypertension (AH) is a common disorder with unknown etiology. However, it is known that vascular inflammation characterized by infiltration of immune cells is a key mechanism in the development of this condition. Other recognized hypertensive disorder is preeclampsia (PE), a specific pregnancy syndrome characterized by excessive activation of the maternal immune system, leading to inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, and then causing hypertension. There are strong evidences that innate immunity receptors (pattern-recognition receptors – PRRs) play an important role in the development of AH and PE. PRRs recognize highly conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) as well as endogenous ligands (danger-associated molecular patterns – DAMPs), activating different signaling cascades that regulate local and systemic inflammatory responses. These receptors include retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like helicases (RLHs), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) e toll-like receptors (TLRs). Even though some studies have linked an excessive PRR activation to PE, it is still unclear how this activation might lead to the development of this complication. Therefore, aiming to elucidate if different PRRs are indeed associated with PE and how this occurs, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on the subject. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria and were revised: 20 of them analyzed PRR expressions according to PE presence, and 6 studies investigated the association between PRR polymorphisms and this complication. Only few studies analyzed RIG-I, IFIH1, TLR-1, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 expressions in immune cells or placentas from PE women (cases) and healthy pregnant women (controls); therefore, it is still inconclusive if these PRRs are involved in PE. Results from the 10 studies that analyzed TLR-2 expressions in cases and controls are contradictory. The majority of the studies that investigated TLR-3 and TLR-4 expressions in cases and controls indicate that these PRRs are increased in placenta or immune cells from PE women. To date, polymorphisms in TLR-2, 3, and 4 and NOD-2 genes do not seem to be associated with PE development. The interferon-induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) receptor is a NLR that plays an important role in the innate immunity against viral infections. Interestingly, a previous study published by our group demonstrated an increased IFIH1 expression in mononuclear cells from type 1 diabetic patients with AH compared to normotensive patients. Moreover, this receptor also seems to be associated with PE. Hence, to further investigate the role of IFIH1 in AH and PE, we compared IFIH1 expressions and frequencies of the rs1990760 in this gene between PE women (cases) and healthy pregnant women (controls). In an experimental study, we also evaluated the effect of IFIH1 knockdown with siRNA in a human endothelial cell line treated with synthetic viral nucleic acid (PIC) in the expression of genes related to inflammation, angiogenesis and hypertension. In the case-control study, IFIH1 expression was decreased in placenta from PE women (n = 44) compared to the control group (n = 65) (P= 0.049). After exclusion of black women, the difference between groups was more pronounced (P= 0.004). Frequencies of the rs1990760 polymorphism did not differ significantly between PE women (n = 59) e control women (n = 134). In the experimental study, HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) were transfected with either a control siRNA or with two different siRNAs targeting IFIH1 for 48h. Then, HUVECs were transfected with PIC, for 24 h, to mimic a viral infection. After this period, total RNA was extracted for gene expression analyses. PIC treatment induced a significant increase in TNF, IFN-, iNOS, VEGF, ANGPT-2, and ET-1 expressions, and the IFIH1 knockdown was able to partially prevent the up-regulation of these genes. PIC treatment did not influence PGE-2 gene expression (P >0.05). All gene expression results were confirmed in experiments using a second siRNA targeting IFIH1. IFIH1 knockdown seemed to prevent PIC-induced increase of Ang-II protein levels, although this difference did not reach formal statistical significance (P= 0.069). To evaluate if hypertension- and angiogenesis-related genes could be also induced in a non-viral inflammatory environment, HUVECs were treated with the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN- for 48 h. Treatment with this cytokine significantly increased STAT-1, PGE-2, ANGPT-2 e VEGF gene expressions. These results indicate that a non-viral inflammatory environment is sufficient to activate IFIH1 pathway. Therefore, further studies are necessary to clarify which PAMPs or DAMPs could activate IFIH1 in these cells, leading to the expression of genes related to inflammation, angiogenesis and hypertension. In conclusion, our results suggest that IFIH1 gene expression is decreased in placentas from PE women, probably contributing to PE pathogenesis. Furthermore, the in vitro experiments in HUVECs demonstrated that PIC treatment induces expressions of genes related to inflammation, angiogenesis and hypertension, which is decreased after IFIH1 knockdown. This study adds a new possible role for IFIH1 in the pathogenesis of PE and AH.
Tenorth, Moritz [Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Beetz, and Masayuki [Akademischer Betreuer] Inaba. "Knowledge Processing for Autonomous Robots / Moritz Tenorth. Gutachter: Masayuki Inaba. Betreuer: Michael Beetz." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1019589876/34.
Full textAlmeida, Isabel Cristina Gomes de. "A construção da figura da INANNA/IŠTAR na Mesopotâmia: IV-II milénios a.C." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/16014.
Full textNogueira, Erica Mafalda de Portugal da Cunha e. Alves de Sá. "As deusas Inanna e Ištar: semânticas de poder com traços de amor e guerra." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/24158.
Full textAbstract: This master’s dissertation is focused on the Sumerian deity Inanna and its Semitic counterpart Ištar. We have collected and analysed sets of myths, narrations, hymns, oracles and prayers from different geographies and chronologies in order to compose a portrait whose complexity by far supersedes gender issues and can be related with feelings that concern men and women of all times and places. Inanna/ Ištar had an outstanding position in a pantheon of highly specialised deities because she performed multiple functions. A trifunctional goddess, commanding Love and War, she was also the divine representation of planet Venus. At first sight this uniqueness is a bewildering feature preventing us from understanding her. Indeed her problematic nature was the most influential driver behind our decision to study her. By examining her different angles, we proposed a common explanation for her apparent ambivalence, interpreting love and war as metaphors with the same meaning, i.e. power. Thus we found that warrior and bride complemented – rather than contradicting, each other. Right by the king’s side, in the sacred bed or in the battle field, they always express the divine blessing required for legitimizing royal deeds, as representative of the Gods on Earth and, consequently, the warrant of order. The long-lasting permanence through time of the system of beliefs originally created by hand of the Sumerians, enduring conquests and dynastic change, and its expansion in space across natural and man-made borders, demonstrate that the peoples of the Fertile Crescent shared it, notwithstanding a few semantic modifications. As regards the perspective of history of religions, this look over the past also helps to better understand the mind of Mesopotamian men and perceive the impact of cultural change on the sociopolitical fabrics of ancient times. We also touch upon a few aspects of continuity, expressed in the presence of Mesopotamian influence in Greek literature and religions, more specifically in Aphrodite and Demeter, respectively goddesses of love and fertility. Lastly we suggest the permanence of mental categories that bring the past to the present, connecting Antiquity with Modernity.
BERTOLINI, LUDOVICA. "Inanna e Dumuzi, al di là del tempo e dello spazio. Tradizioni cultuali e letterarie." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1401101.
Full textBridgman, Karen E. "Rhythms of awakening : re-membering the her-story and mythology of women in medicine." Thesis, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/385.
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