Relevant bibliographies by topics / Incandescent light bulb

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Incandescent light bulb'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 19 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Incandescent light bulb"

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Timothy, Chukwu Alexander, Nuhu Samiala, and Emmanuel Okrikata. "Flight to Light Response of Red Pumpkin Beetle (Aulacophora africana Weise) to Differently Coloured Light-emitting Diode and Incandescent Bulb Lights." Advanced Journal of Graduate Research 7, no. 1 (2019): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajgr.7.1.64-69.

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Red pumpkin beetle (Aulacophora africana Weise) is an important defoliator and vector of pathogens to its numerous crop hosts. Control had largely been by synthetic insecticides with their attendant consequences on man and the environment thus necessitating scientific studies on environmental-friendly management strategies. The experiment was conducted in the Research Farm of Federal University Wukari in the month of May 2019 with the aim of evaluating the attractiveness of A. africana to Light-emitting diode (LED) and Incandescent Light bulb colours. Five colours (red, yellow, green, blue and white) were used for the study. Each colour light was properly projected on 2 metre vertical screen (made of white polyethene) placed one meter above the ground. A setup without bulb served as the control. The light traps were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) in 6 replicates and ran simultaneously for six hours (1800 to 2400hrs). The pumpkin beetles attracted were collected in tubs containing soapy water. A. africana collected were counted and recorded according to bulb type and colour. Samples were identified at the Insect Museum of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Among the Incandescent bulbs, White colour was most attractive to A. africana (4.30±0.38) while red attracted the least (0.71±0.01). Among LED bulbs, Blue was most attractive (3.99±1.01) while Red also attracted the least (0.78±0.03). Overall, LED attracted more pumpkin beetles than Incandescent bulb even though Student Newman Keul’s test indicates that the difference between them was due to random variation (p = 0.16). Correlation and regression analyses indicated increase in insect attraction with increased light intensity. The results, therefore, suggest that white Incandescent or blue LED bulb colours can be incorporated into insecticidal light traps to suppress their population/attract them away from host plants or fixed into ordinary light traps to harvest the insect for scientific studies.
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Zhu, Zheyuan, Li Du, Youtian Zhang, Sihui Wang, Huijun Zhou, and Wenli Gao. "Hearing light from an incandescent bulb." European Journal of Physics 36, no. 1 (2014): 015003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/36/1/015003.

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Gavish, Iris, Abraham Haim, and Doron Kliger. "‘To LED or Not to LED?’: Using Color Priming for Influencing Consumers’ Preferences of Light Bulbs." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (2021): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031401.

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Recently, we have seen energy-efficient light-emitting diode (LED) light bulbs rapidly replace incandescent ones. However, results of new research are indicative of adverse health impacts of LED lighting, which is characterized by enriched blue light. Our study aims to reveal whether using color priming by attaching red/green traffic-light icons on light bulbs influences consumers’ preferences of light bulbs. We conducted a field study simulating the buying process, in which participants (N = 572) were presented with LED and carbon incandescent bulbs. We alternately displayed two pairs of bulbs: (1) in their original packaging and (2) in packages marked with traffic light icons (red = LED). Our results confirm that traffic light icons significantly (p < 0.01) increase the odds of choosing the healthier carbon bulb. The results highlight the benefits of attaching traffic light icons to light bulb packaging, helping consumers to make more health-conscientious purchasing decisions. Nowadays, this study’s contribution is more significant due to COVID-19 restrictions and stay-at-home policies, since people work or study remotely, which increases their exposure to household lighting. These results may incentivize policymakers to enforce adding traffic light icons to light bulb packaging, thus encouraging LED light bulb manufacturers to reduce the blue light component in order to improve the health aspect of their bulbs.
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Divya, Bansal, and Laxmi Kalyani Vijay. "Role of Electronics In Conservation of Electricity Using LED In Daily Usage: An Empirical Study In Higher Education Institute In Ajmer." Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology (JMEIT) 4, no. 5 (2017): 2–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1039331.

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Nowadays, due to the rapid development of LED technology, the conventional energy sources like incandescent and fluorescent lamps are rapidly replacing by LED bulb and LED tube lights. For this purpose, the Government has also taken various initiatives to replace the incandescent and fluorescent lamps etc. by LED lights. Therefore, in this paper, the author(s) has presented a new approach about saving of electricity and reducing power consumption by the usage of LED tube lights and LED bulbs. For this purpose, the author(s) has done a survey in a higher educational institution of Ajmer and calculated the monthly & yearly power consumption of tube lights, incandescent bulbs, halogens and CFLs located in that institute. The survey reveals that if all the incandescent bulbs, tube lights and halogens which are energy inefficient; are replaced by LED lights than the power consumption can be minimized and hence the electricity bill can be lowered. In this paper, the author(s) have also designed a project which shows how the energy can be conserved using LED bulb and how this project can be helpful to the physically impaired people.
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Costantini, C., N. F. Sagnon, E. Sanogo, L. Merzagora, and M. Coluzzi. "Relationship to human biting collections and influence of light and bednet in CDC light-trap catches of West African malaria vectors." Bulletin of Entomological Research 88, no. 5 (1998): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748530002602x.

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AbstractThe efficiency of miniature CDC light-traps in catching West African malaria vectors was evaluated during two rainy seasons in a village near Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Traps were employed both indoors and outdoors using human baits protected by an insecticide-free mosquito-net and different sources of light. Indoors, light from incandescent bulbs increased the catch of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (mainly A. arabiensis Patton and the Mopti chromosomal form of A. gambiae s.s. Giles) and A. funestus Giles c. 2.5 times as compared to traps whose light bulb was removed. Conversely, the difference was not significant when a UV ‘Blacklight-blue’ fluorescent tube was compared to the incandescent bulb. Protecting the bait with a mosquito-net increased the catch c. 3 times for A. gambiae s.l. and c. 3.5 times for A. funestus. A prototype model of double bednet gave intermediate yields. Outdoors, the addition of incandescent bulbs to unlighted traps did not significantly increase the number of vectors caught, but the addition of the mosquito-net to the unprotected human bait did so by c. 1.5–4 times. Thus, the CDC light-trap hung close to a human sleeping under a bednet and fitted with an incandescent bulb, was considered the most practical and efficient in terms of numbers of vectors caught, consequently its indoor efficiency was compared to human landing catches on single collectors and estimated to be 1.08 times and density-independent. Outdoor light-trap catches were either not significantly correlated to biting collections (as for A. gambiae s.l.), or density-dependent in their efficiency (as for A. funestus); thus, they were not considered a reliable means for estimating malaria vector outdoor biting densities in this area. No difference was found in the parous rate of A. gambiae s.l. samples obtained with CDC light-traps and human landing collections.
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Widagdo, Soemantri. "Incandescent Light Bulb: Product Design and Innovation." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 45, no. 25 (2006): 8231–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie060391b.

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Kykta, Martin. "Incandescent lamp design and lifetime." AIP Advances 12, no. 10 (2022): 105116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0101992.

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For a vacuum filled tungsten incandescent light bulb using filament length and radius, simple non-empirical equations can predict current vs voltage, power vs voltage, and temperature vs voltage. These equations can be used to predict vacuum filled incandescent bulb lifetime as a function of the evaporation energy of a tungsten atom and temperature.
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Nurulain Nadhirah Shaipizaman, Nurzuraini Omar Sharif, Muhammad Siddiq Fadhil Sutrisno, Mohd Rashidi Salim, and Hadi Manap. "Light Source Intensity Measurement using Averaging Spectroscopy Method for Optimum Usage." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 30, no. 2 (2023): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.30.2.321328.

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There are many types of light source specifically bulbs in the market with different working principles. Each of them provides different intensity at different wavelength. In order to check energy efficiency, it is not appropriate to measure intensity at certain specific wavelength for the same power rating bulb. Therefore, this paper reported the averaging spectroscopy method for intensity measurement between 400-700 nm before comparison is carried out. It is observed that the light emitting diode (LED) bulb shows to be the most efficient light bulbs with the highest average light intensity compared to incandescent and fluorescent bulbs. Light stability test is also carried out and reported in this paper.
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Toyoda, Hirofumi, Kazunari Kimino, Akihiro Kawano, and Junichi Takahara. "Incandescent Light Bulbs Based on a Refractory Metasurface." Photonics 6, no. 4 (2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics6040105.

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A thermal radiation light source, such as an incandescent light bulb, is considered a legacy light source with low luminous efficacy. However, it is an ideal energy source converting light with high efficiency from electric power to radiative power. In this work, we evaluate a thermal radiation light source and propose a new type of filament using a refractory metasurface to fabricate an efficient light bulb. We demonstrate visible-light spectral control using a refractory metasurface made of tantalum with an optical microcavity inserted into an incandescent light bulb. We use a nanoimprint method to fabricate the filament that is suitable for mass production. A 1.8 times enhancement of thermal radiation intensity is observed from the microcavity filament compared to the flat filament. Then, we demonstrate the thermal radiation control of the metasurface using a refractory plasmonic cavity made of hafnium nitride. A single narrow resonant peak is observed at the designed wavelength as well as the suppression of thermal radiation in wide mid-IR range under the condition of constant surface temperature.
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Keizer, J., L. W. Maki, J. Greathouse, G. Smith, and P. J. Bruinsma. "Bistability and Fluctuations for an Incandescent Light Bulb." Journal of Physical Chemistry 99, no. 2 (1995): 844–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100002a056.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Incandescent light bulb"

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Votavová, Lenka. "Světlo - tělo - prostor." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232328.

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Light - body - space - Bulb Instalation includes sixty incandescent bulbs (25 W), which flashing in certain interval. Bulbs covered all floor and their intensity of light create and change space around. Spectator has an opportunity to enter to the quickly changing field of instalation, which can confused him.
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Attila, Csikós. "Glödljus vs. LED-ljus : En rumslig analys av ljuskvalitén i hemmiljö." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Belysningslära, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-24816.

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Det finns fortfarande för många hushåll i Sverige som använder mest glödljus för belysning, i form av glödlampor eller halogenlampor. Detta orsakar en väsentlig del av det onödiga överskott av koldioxidutsläpp som är en av orsakerna till den globala uppvärmningen. Därför avser detta examensarbete att försöka skapa en grönare miljö genom att studera och uppmärksamma faktorer som påverkar val av ljuskällor i belysningssammanhang. Syftet med examensarbetet är att få en ökad förståelse för hur LED-ljuset upplevs i hemmiljö. Arbetet ska visa hur LED-ljuskällans nuvarande kvalité bedöms utifrån individuella rumsupplevelser samt om ytterligare kvalitetsförbättringar behövs. Detta görs för att kunna vända allmänhetens inställning i en mer positiv riktning gentemot LED, vilket kan bidra till en mer ekologiskt hållbar miljö. För att undersöka hur LED fungerar i hemmiljö genomfördes en experimentell studie med syfte att besvara följande frågor: hur upplevs LED-ljusets kvalité jämfört med halogenljusets, hur tror man att det egna välmåendet påverkas av halogenljus respektive LED-ljus, hur påverkas rumsupplevelsen och rumskaraktären om halogenljus ersätts med LED-ljus och finns det några skillnader mellan ljusdesigners och icke ljusdesigners upplevelse av halogenljus och LED-ljus i hemmiljö? Det byggdes upp två likadana försöksrum som hade samma förutsättningar både storleksmässigt, inredningsmässigt och belysningsmässigt. Den enda skillnaden var de installerade ljuskällorna, då det användes halogenlampor i det ena rummet och LED-lampor i det andra rummet. En enkätundersökning genomfördes, resultatet analyserades och en utförlig rumsanalys gjordes. Resultatet visade att ljuset, oavsett ljuskälla, påverkade deltagarnas välmående och rumsupplevelse på olika sätt, beroende på vilken yrkesgrupp de tillhörde. Det visade sig också att skillnaden i ljuskvalitén mellan halogenljus och LED-ljus inte längre är omfattande. Dagens LED-lampor utvecklas alltså positivt och är redan en värdig ersättare till glöd- och halogenlampor.<br>There are still too many households in Sweden that use mostly incandescent light for lighting, using incandescent or halogen bulbs. This causes a substantial part of the unnecessary surplus of carbon-dioxide that is one of the reasons for global warming. Therefore, this degree project aims to promote a greener environment by studying and paying attention to factors that have an influence in the lighting context. The purpose of this degree project is to gain a better understanding of how the LED light is experienced in a home environment. The work will show how LED light source's current quality is evaluated based on individual room experiences, and if additional quality improvements are needed. The objective is to turn the public's attitude in a more positive direction where LED can contribute to a more ecologically sustainable environment. To investigate how LEDs are perceived in home environments an experimental study was performed which was based on the following research questions: How is LED light quality experienced compared to halogen light, how is personal wellbeing perceived in relationship to halogen and LED light, how are room experience and room character affected if halogen light is replaced by LED light in a home environment and are there any differences in these experiences between lighting designers and non lighting designers? Two identical test-rooms were used. They were identical in size, interior design and lighting design. Halogen bulbs were used in one room and LED lights were used in the other room. A survey was used to get answers to the questions above. The results have been analyzed and detailed room analysis was also made. The results showed that the light, regardless of light-source, influenced the participant's well-being and their room experience in different ways, depending on the occupational group they belonged to. It was also found that the difference in quality of light between halogen light and LED light is no longer significant. The presently available LED lights are improving and are worthy replacements for incandescent and halogen lamps.
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Ng, Joan. "Efficiency of Incandescent and Fluorescent Light Bulbs: a Comparative Analysis on Cost and Power Usage." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7912.

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Light bulbs play an indispensable role in our lives as they provide unhindered ability to see the world even during the night. Efficiency of light bulbs is becoming increasingly important, and through this experiment, light bulb efficiencies are analyzed from measurements of relative light intensity and power input of various bulbs. Furthermore, this report is aimed to increase awareness of the efficiency advantage in fluorescent bulbs and to encourage their usage in the interest of conserving energy.
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Books on the topic "Incandescent light bulb"

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Oxlade, Chris. The light bulb. Heinemann Library, 2012.

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Oxlade, Chris. Light Bulb. Capstone, 2013.

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Oxlade, Chris. Light Bulb. Capstone, 2011.

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Oxlade, Chris. Light Bulb. Capstone, 2011.

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Oxlade, Chris. Light Bulb. Raintree Publishers, 2011.

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The Light Bulb Tales of Invention. Capstone Global Library Ltd, 2012.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Incandescent Light Bulbs. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Incandescent Light Bulbs. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Incandescent Light Bulbs in India. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Incandescent Light Bulbs in Japan. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Incandescent light bulb"

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"Thomas Edison’s Patent Application for the Incandescent Light Bulb." In Milestone Documents in American History. Schlager Group Inc., 2020. https://doi.org/10.3735/9781935306528.book-part-072.

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In the late 1870s gaslight was the primary means used to light residential homes and most businesses. Electric lighting had been conceived of decades earlier, but no one had been able to produce electric lighting in a safe, feasible, affordable manner. A number of inventors were working on this problem, but Thomas Edison was the first to develop a long-lasting, practical light bulb. His patent application for that light bulb was filed with the United States Patent Office on November 4, 1879, and his patent was granted on January 27, 1880.
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Elpidorou, Andreas. "“Impossible to stop just now. Why, if I could only prove one simple little lemma”." In Propelled. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190912963.003.0007.

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By presenting real stories of frustrations, failures, and successes—Andrew Wiles’ proof of Fermat’s Last Theorem, Keith Jarrett’s unforgettable 1975 Köln performance, and Thomas Edison’s struggles with the incandescent light bulb, among others—the chapter further investigates the value and importance of frustration. Whereas Chapter 6 was concerned with articulating the motivational value of frustration, this chapter demonstrates the capacity of frustration to structure our lives and to endow them with significance and personal meaning. Specifically, the chapter describes how what we experience as frustrating, difficult, and effortful can often become valuable precisely because it is frustrating, difficult, and effortful to us. The chapter thus makes clear that the experience of frustration can lead to the generation of value and argues that a life devoid of frustrations runs the risk of becoming meaningless.
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Cole, Lauren, Lindsay R. Hoggatt, Jamie A. Sterrenberg, David R. Suttmiller, William Roy Penney, and Edgar C. Clausen. "A Transient Experiment to Determine the Heat Transfer Characteristics of a 100 W Incandescent Light Bulb, Operating at 48 W *." In Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351242332-17.

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Smil, Vaclav. "The Age of Electricity." In Creating and Transforming the Twentieth Century, Revised and Expanded. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780197784679.003.0002.

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Abstract This chapter traces the history of electric industry from the 1870s to 1914. Building on pre-1870 experimental advances, this highly intensive period of technical progress began with the invention of incandescent light bulbs and the construction of the first dynamos and the first electricity-generating plants. Soon afterward came the invention of steam turbines, transformers, and electric motors. By the late 1880s, all essential aspects of the modern electricity industry were in place, and the next two decades saw the rise of urban transmission grids, an increase of generation capacities and efficiencies, the large-scale adoption of electric lighting and small appliances in cities and electric motors in industries, and the appearance of the first streetcars and first electric trains.
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"The report recognized the need to minimize disturbance of fauna and flora and suggested that ‘swimmer’s itch’, caused by avian schistosome cercariae, and mosquito-borne viruses should be investigated. Because the 26 km northern boundary, e.g. Big Bay, Antill Creek, had steeper foreshores and deeper water, it was recommended as a primary site for public access. The 7 km western boundary formed by the dam wall was seen as ideal for viewing opportunities of the lake and surrounding hills and mountains, and for water sports. Because of inaccessibility, potential management difficulties and shallowness, the 47 km southern and eastern margins did not offer significant recreational opportunities. 9.3 Tropical itch mite The stage 1 lake was surrounded with open schlerophyll woodland which afforded kangaroos and wallabies shelter during the hottest times of the day. Part of their exoparasitic fauna is the mite Eutrombicula macropus, whose offspring spend part of their life-cycle hanging off grass stems and other vegetative matter waiting to encounter a new host. Much to their misfortune, campers and bushwalkers consequently often find themselves with an itchy rash called ‘tropical itch’, often around the lines of underclothing. Prior to the filling of the stage 2 lake, the land in the zone between the stage 1 and stage 2 margins was selectively cleared. This probably diverted the macro-pods to other wooded habitat. From November 1990 to 1992, 350 litter samples were processed using Berlese funnels and 40 W incandescent bulbs to drive any inhabitants into sample bottles containing 70 per cent alcohol. No Eutrombicula macropus were collected. Thus clearing would seem to present an effective management option against this pest, as well as having the other benefits detailed below. 9.4 Mosquitoes and arboviruses 9.4.1 Mosquitoes From April 1984 to September 1985 (stage 1), the primary questions related to definition of mosquito taxa and the suitability of different methods of catching adult mosquitoes for surveillance purposes. Twenty-six taxa were collected by all night carbon dioxide supplemented light traps or by human bait collections for one hour after sunset (Barker-Hudson et al. 1993; Jones et al. 1991). The numerically dominant species were Culex annulirostris and Anopheles annulipes (both species groups), which are traditionally associated with temporary fresh water pools along the lake margins, often among emergent vegetation. Of considerable surprise during September 1985 was the discovery of immatures of these species, plus Aedeomyia catasticta, utilizing extensive floating mats of the aquatic weed Hydrilla verticillata which sometimes covered 37 per cent of the surface of the lake." In Water Resources. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203027851-30.

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Conference papers on the topic "Incandescent light bulb"

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Schossig, Marco. "Miniaturized, powerful and broadband radiation sources for near-infrared spectroscopy." In Applied Industrial Spectroscopy. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/ais.2024.atu3a.2.

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New developments towards miniaturized, powerful and broadband near-infrared (NIR) radiation sources are presented and compared to the most commonly used light source in near-infrared spectroscopy, the tungsten incandescent light bulb.
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Leroy, Arny, Kyle Wilke, Marin Soljačić, Evelyn N. Wang, Bikram Bhatia, and Ognjen Ilic. "High performance incandescent light bulb using a selective emitter and nanophotonic filters." In Thermal Radiation Management for Energy Applications, edited by Mowafak M. Al-Jassim and Peter Bermel. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2275299.

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Rodrigues, Ludmila Machado, Gabriel Edgar Hermann, and Andréa Teresa Riccio Barbosa. "Analysis of economic and environmental viability with the change of lighting technology in a residence in a rural area." In V Seven International Multidisciplinary Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevenvmulti2024-075.

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Since the invention of the light bulb, many technologies have been improved or invented with the aim of producing electric light. Currently, seeking sustainability, new light sources have been developed within a balance that takes into account energy costs, useful life, sustainability and cost-benefit. Therefore, LED lamps (Light Emitting Diode) have been dominating the market due to their efficient cost-benefit ratio. In this context, this article aims to analyze the current market situation and show the return time for replacing LED lamps in a residence in the rural area of ​​the city of Campo Grande MS, since the rural area is still the place where incandescent lamps can be installed. The results obtained, as expected, showed an excellent cost-benefit ratio for the replacement, which concludes the feasibility of this. Finally, a study based on a literature review of the work shows that in addition to having an economically viable return, such lamps are beneficial to the environment, as they can be almost completely recycled.
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Segev, Mordechai, Richard Solomon, and Amnon Yariv. "Manifestation of Berry’s phase in image bearing optical beams." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.ff6.

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We show that when an image bearing optical beam acquires a Berry phase during its propagation in a nonplanar optical system, its image is rotated by an angle identical to this phase in magnitude, but with an opposite sign, about one, well-defined, axis. Therefore, a measurement of the topological Berry phase of a given optical system can be performed by a direct measurement of the angle of rotation of its image about its optical axis. We show that since our method of measuring the Berry phase does not involve any coherent effects, it may be implemented with coherent as well as incoherent illumination. We demonstrate these arguments experimentally by measuring the Berry phase of a nonplanar optical system, using an incandescent light bulb, and compare it to conventional polarization based methods.
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Lall, Pradeep, Junchao Wei, and Lynn Davis. "Solid State Lighting Life Prediction Using Extended Kalman Filter." In ASME 2013 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2013-73288.

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Solid-state lighting (SSL) luminaires containing light emitting diodes (LEDs) have the potential of seeing excessive temperatures when being transported across country or being stored in non-climate controlled warehouses. They are also being used in outdoor applications in desert environments that see little or no humidity but will experience extremely high temperatures during the day. This makes it important to increase our understanding of what effects high temperature exposure for a prolonged period of time will have on the usability and survivability of these devices. The U.S. Department of Energy has made a long term commitment to advance the efficiency, understanding and development of solid-state lighting (SSL) and is making a strong push for the acceptance and use of SSL products to reduce overall energy consumption attributable to lighting. Traditional light sources “burn out” at end-of-life. For an incandescent bulb, the lamp life is defined by B50 life. However, the LEDs have no filament to “burn”. The LEDs continually degrade and the light output decreases eventually below useful levels causing failure. Presently, the methods described in IES TM-21 are used to predict the L70 life of white LEDs from LM-80 test data. Several failure mechanisms may be active in a LED at a single time causing lumen depreciation. The underlying TM-21 Arrhenius Model may not capture the failure physics in presence of multiple failure mechanisms. Correlation of lumen maintenance with underlying physics of degradation at system-level is needed. In this paper, a Kalman Filter and Extended Kalman Filters (EKF) have been used to develop a 70% Lumen Maintenance Life Prediction Model for LEDs used in SSL luminaires. This model can be used to calculate acceleration factors, evaluate failure-probability and identify ALT methodologies for reducing test time. Nine-thousand hour LM-80 test data for various LEDs have been used for model development. System state has been described in state space form using the measurement of the feature vector, velocity of the feature vector change and the acceleration of the feature vector change. System state at each future time has been computed based on the state space at preceding time step, system dynamics matrix, control vector, control matrix, measurement matrix, measured vector, process noise and measurement noise. The future state of the lumen depreciation has been estimated based on a second order Kalman Filter model and a Bayesian Framework. The measured state variable has been related to the underlying damage using physics-based models. Life prediction of L70 life for the LEDs used in SSL luminaires from KF and EKF based models have been compared with the TM-21 model predictions and experimental data.
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Zenebe, Degefa Merkebu, and Lehtonen Matti. "Investigation on nature of waste heat from incandescent light bulbs." In 2011 10th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic.2011.5874653.

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Zenebe, Degefa Merkebu, and Lehtonen Matti. "Heat replacement effect of incandescent light bulbs in Finnish households." In 2011 10th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic.2011.5874655.

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Nishita, Yoshiki, and Masashi Yamada. "Impression Changes of a Live Stage by Lighting in Terms of a Virtual Pop Idol Show." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002994.

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In recent years, LEDs have replaced halogen bulbs or incandescent bulbs for lights on stages. The response time of the LEDs is shorter than those of halogen bulbs and incandescent bulbs, therefore it has become easier to control lights temporally and complex lighting patterns are being used for live music shows especially in pop music. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, internet distribution of concerts has become popular. Especially, virtual idol’s live shows (-e.g., Hatsne Miku’s live shows-) have become very popular in the two years in Japan. In the present study, audio-visual stimuli with different areas of the stage illuminated by lights and the various colors of the illumination were prepared and live pop music shows performed by a virtual idol, Miss Monochrome were synthesized using the software SHOWMAKER. In Experiment 1, the color of the lights was fixed at light blue, and the area of the lights illuminated on the stage was varied for the live music stage performed by the virtual idol. These 30 synthesized videos were used as stimuli in a perceptual experiment. Fifteen participants rated their impressions of the video stimuli using the semantic differential method. The results of factor analysis showed that the impressions were spanned by three factors, power, tension and tightness. It was also shown that the wider the area illuminated, the more powerful and tighter it come to be perceived. In Experiment 2, nine different areas of illumination on the stage were selected from the areas used in Experiment 1, and twelve colors of the lights were selected from the color wheel. Then 97 stimuli were constructed. Fifteen participants were presented the stimuli through a computer monitor and headphones, and requested to rate the impressions of each of them using 24 paired semantic differential scales. The results of the factor analysis showed that the impressions of the stimuli were illustrated by a three-dimensional space spanned by power, tension and lightness. The results also showed that the wider the area illuminated, the more powerful and tighter it come to be perceived. Moreover, a warm color of the lights was perceived as tense and a cool color was perceived as loose. A prime color was perceived as heavy and a mixed color was perceived as light.
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Ivanco, M., B. W. Karney, and K. J. Waher. "To Switch, or Not to Switch: A Critical Analysis of Canada's Ban on Incandescent Light Bulbs." In 2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference (EPC 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epc.2007.4520391.

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Vargas Hernandez, Noe, Linda C. Schmidt, and Gül E. Okudan. "Systematic Ideation Effectiveness Study of TRIZ." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70294.

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The objective of this paper is to present experimental results of a specific ideation method: TRIZ. Our hypothesis is that TRIZ improves the creativity of subjects using it as observed in the produced design outcomes. The experiments were conducted simultaneously at two institutions: University of Texas at El Paso and University of Maryland. The same ideation task was used at both institutions, a redesign of a traffic light that uses Light-emitting Diodes (LED) instead of incandescent bulbs challenging the designer subject with the issue of snow accumulation since LED’s do not melt the snow. The assessment was performed on the outcome (i.e., ideas generated) using quantity, novelty and variety as metrics. Numerical results show that using TRIZ improved the Novelty and Variety of the concepts generated by students at both institutions.
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