Academic literature on the topic 'Incarcerated suicide'
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Journal articles on the topic "Incarcerated suicide"
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Hunter, Ernest M. "On Gordian Knots and Nooses: Aboriginal Suicide in the Kimberley." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 22, no. 3 (September 1988): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678809161207.
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Aboriginal suicide has become an issue receiving national attention because of the association with “deaths in custody”. To date little systematic work has been directed to the investigation of suicide among a non-incarcerated Aboriginal population. This paper focuses on deaths by suicide within one geographical area. It identifies two factors, alcoholism and disruption of interpersonal attachments, which may play a causal role in male Aboriginal suicide. The sudden emergence of suicide in this partial descent population, in concert with suicides among incarcerated and non-incarcerated Aborigines elsewhere, suggests that socio-historical forces must be examined to further clarify the phenomenon.
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Laishes, Jane. "Inmate Suicides in the Correctional Service of Canada." Crisis 18, no. 4 (July 1997): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.18.4.157.
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This article presents descriptive statistics on the 66 suicides occurring in federal institutions in Canada over a 4-year period. Criminological and institutional factors of those who committed suicide included lengthy involvement in the criminal justice system, a greater likelihood of being incarcerated for robbery or murder, and involvement in institutional incidents of a serious nature. In addition, 62% of the inmates who committed suicide had been transferred from other institutions within 6 months prior to suicide, though 59% evidenced no indicators of suicidal intent and 44% were not considered to be depressed at the time of suicide. Family problems (29%) were the most commonly hypothesized motivating factor in the suicides, followed by denial of a request for appeal, parole, or transfer (26%), fear of other inmates (24%), and substance abuse problems (21%). Current and planned suicide prevention and intervention strategies of the Correctional Service of Canada are discussed in the context of these findings.
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Mennicke, Annelise, Kaylyn Daniels, and Cynthia Fraga Rizo. "Suicide Completion Among Incarcerated Women." Journal of Correctional Health Care 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jchc.18.12.0070.
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Arboleda-Florez, J., and H. Holley. "Predicting Suicide Behaviours in Incarcerated Settings*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 7 (October 1989): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378903400708.
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Attempts to predict suicide behaviours have produced a number of useful clinical tools. Unfortunately, these have been largely designed with a specific psychiatric population or institutional setting in mind and are not easily transferred to an incarcerated setting. In 1983 the authors developed a suicide checklist which could be used to aid screening of new admissions to Remand Centres in the Province of Alberta. Studies completed to date have revealed this checklist to be a practical and reliable method of standardizing the suicide screening process. This paper presents findings from a study designed to evaluate the predictive power (discriminant validity) of the checklist. A stepwise multivariate framework is used to assess the overall ability of checklist items to discriminate a high risk group. As well, the relative importance of specific socio-demographic, clinical and historical variables is assessed. Data were collected on a cohort of consecutive admissions to the Edmonton Remand Centre during 1986. Findings reveal that marital status is the only direct statistical predictor of suicide risk. Inmates who had divorced or separated from a spouse were more likely to be active suicide risks at some time during their remand than those who were married or single. Symptom score was found to be generally predictive, however, closer assessment revealed this relationship to be heterogeneous across subgroups defined on the basis of certain criminological variables. The model which allowed for the interaction of clinical with criminological variables correctly discriminated 100% of the active suicide risks and 63 % of inmates who had a prior history of suicide behaviours. The practical implications of these findings for suicide screening are discussed.
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Heirigs, Mark H., Matt DeLisi, Bryanna Fox, Katie Dhingra, and Michael G. Vaughn. "Psychopathy and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Revisited: Results From a Statewide Population of Institutionalized Youth." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 63, no. 6 (November 14, 2018): 874–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x18812533.
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Suicide is the leading cause of death for incarcerated youth, and up to half of all juveniles in confinement experience suicidal ideation in addition to other psychopathology, including psychopathic personality features. Unfortunately, limited research has investigated the psychopathy–suicidality link among juvenile delinquents and using newer psychopathy measures. Based upon a statewide population of incarcerated juvenile offenders, we found that psychopathy was a significant risk factor for suicidal ideation and lifetime suicide attempts, but the latter relationship was attenuated by lifetime depression diagnosis. In addition, certain affective psychopathic features such as Stress Immunity conferred protection against suicidality, whereas behavioral and lifestyle components including Carefree Nonplanfulness, Blame Externalization, and Rebellious Nonconformity were positively linked to suicidal thoughts among the youth offenders. As these risk factors are routinely screened for in juvenile justice settings, this study’s findings have considerable implications to applied practice and prevention among juvenile justice involved youth.
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Cummings, Devon, and Mindi Thompson. "Suicidal or Manipulative? The Role of Mental Health Counselors in Overcoming a False Dichotomy in Identifying and Treating Self-Harming Inmates." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 31, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.31.3.f3332r77x526477k.
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Suicide is a significant problem within jails and prisons. If self-harming inmates are labeled manipulative and therefore not treated, this may lead to their death, because research demonstrates that these "manipulative" individuals are at risk of suicide and need treatment. Attention to the role of mental health counselors in jails and prisons is therefore necessary. This paper discusses that role and ways to identify, assess, treat, and prevent suicides in jails and prisons. It provides suggestions for research on suicide assessment with incarcerated individuals who are considered manipulative.
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Radatz, Dana L., and Emily M. Wright. "Does Polyvictimization Affect Incarcerated and Non-Incarcerated Adult Women Differently? An Exploration Into Internalizing Problems." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 9 (June 10, 2015): 1379–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515588921.
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In this study, we used data from life histories of 424 non-incarcerated ( n = 266) and incarcerated ( n = 158) women to examine the extent to which women are exposed to multiple forms of victimization, including child abuse, intimate partner violence, sexual assault, and traumatic life events. We assessed the effects of polyvictimization (e.g., multiple victimizations) on women’s health-related outcomes (e.g., attempted suicide, drug and alcohol problems) as well as whether the prevalence rates and effects of victimization were significantly different between the subsamples of women. Results indicate that incarcerated women experience significantly more victimization than non-incarcerated women, and while polyvictimization was associated with a higher likelihood of alcohol problems, drug problems, and attempted suicide among non-incarcerated women, it was only marginally associated with an increased likelihood of alcohol problems among incarcerated women. Finally, low levels of polyvictimization affected alcohol and drug problems among incarcerated and non-incarcerated women differently.
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Galloucis, Matthew, and Heather Francek. "Suicide Risk Assessment for Incarcerated Juveniles." Journal of Threat Assessment 1, no. 4 (September 2001): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j177v01n04_02.
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Zhang, Jie, Virginia E. Grabiner, Yong Zhou, and Ning Li. "Suicidal Ideation and Its Correlates in Prisoners." Crisis 31, no. 6 (November 2010): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000055.
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Background: Suicide is one of the leading causes of prisoners’ death, and, as a group, inmates have higher suicide rates than their community counterparts. However, the prevalence of suicidal ideation among Chinese inmates and their risks of suicide remain unknown. Aims: This study investigates the prevalence of suicidal ideation among Chinese incarcerated populations and its risk and protective factors. Methods: We randomly selected three types of prisoners (N = 690) and a sample of college students (n = 248) from four correction facilities and a police academy in China. A self-report questionnaire with standardized scales translated from the West was administered to the samples. Results: The prevalence of suicidal ideation among Chinese inmates is similar to that found among inmates in the West. The correlates of suicidal ideation for the Chinese inmates are also in line with what has been found in general populations. Conclusions: It is suggested that Chinese inmates have the same risk factors and protective factors for suicidal ideation as the general population in China. Suicide prevention in Chinese prisons can learn from and inform suicide prevention work for the general population.
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Eyland, Simon, Simon Corben, and Jenny Barton. "Suicide Prevention in New South Wales Correctional Centres." Crisis 18, no. 4 (July 1997): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.18.4.163.
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The New South Wales Department of Corrective Services has introduced a number of suicide prevention measures in order to deal with the problem of inmate suicides. This article describes the measures. The article also shows that the characteristics of the incarcerated population differ greatly from those in the community. Findings from the self-harm database 1991-1995 show that, nevertheless, there are some unique characteristics of the group of self-harmers and fatal self-harmers. These findings are discussed in relation to the preventive measures that are introduced in the NSW correctional centers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Incarcerated suicide"
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Heney, Janet Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Dying on the inside; suicide and suicidal feelings among federally incarcerated women." Ottawa, 1996.
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Straubhaar, Kristy. "Incarcerated male adolescent suicide in Utah : a case study /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3189.pdf.
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Straubhaar, Kristy. "Incarcerated Male Adolescent Suicide in Utah: A Case Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2015.
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Adolescent suicide has been described as a major public health problem calling for the aid of researchers willing to better identify factors related to suicide risk. Suicide is the third-leading cause of death for 15 to 24 year olds. Despite the fact incarcerated adolescents act in self-destructive ways, minimal research has focused on suicide behavior among incarcerated adolescents. Existing data indicates that suicide among adolescent males is especially prevalent in the juvenile justice system. Several variables have been identified as risk factors for suicidal behavior, including interpersonal relationship dysfunction, substance abuse, and psychological variables such as depression and dichotomous thinking. Incarcerated males have been shown to be more prone to these risks than the general population. There is a need to highlight these risks in context of this population, identifying behavior patterns over the life span. Addressing the need to identify behavior patterns within the incarcerated male youth population, this study focuses on one adolescent male involved with Utah's juvenile justice system who subsequently completed suicide. The identified youth suffered from substance abuse; its effects were devastating to himself and those around him. Furthermore, his hypersensitivity to disappointing others permeated his lifelong traits and behavior patterns. Interviewees reported that such hypersensitivity began early in life, prominently influencing his subsequent self-inflicted guilt in adolescence when drug use, the decision to drop-out of school, and incarceration became traumatic. As this case study exemplified, counselors, teachers, school psychologists, family, and friends need to be aware of the increased potential for suicide in incarcerated adolescents, particularly those who struggle with substance abuse and a comorbid disorder.
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Maeda, Minori. "The Relationship between Suicidal Ideation and Psychache among Incarcerated Female Offenders." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2034.
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Although female inmates are considered to be the population who are at high risk of committing suicide, little attention has been paid to this field, since most of suicide in correctional facilities are typically committed by males. This paper attempted to investigate some psychological factors which may affect female inmates’ suicidal ideation. Specifically, this paper focused on the role of psychache, intense and chronic psychological pain which leads to suicide. The data was collected from 95 female inmates in two Canadian prisons. The results indicated that psychache was the only factor which predicted the participants’ level of suicidal ideation. Therefore, it is suggested that the screening tools which focus on psychache will be useful in examining the inmates’ risk of suicide. Also, it shows that for the successful rehabilitation, providing the treatment which precisely addresses psychache among inmates is important.
Books on the topic "Incarcerated suicide"
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Maloney, Michael P., Joel Dvoskin, and Jeffrey L. Metzner. Mental health screening and brief assessments. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0011.
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Screening and assessment are a core component of psychiatric care in any setting. In jails and prisons, the process, structure, content and timing of screenings and assessments are vital parts of the healthcare system. While the number of incarcerated persons is clear, the actual number of incarcerated prisoners who suffer from a mental disorder or independent psychiatric symptoms is difficult to determine because of methodological issues (e.g., different definitions of mental illness, different thresholds of severity, etc.) as well as wide variation in the nature (e.g. prison, jail, police lockup), size, and mental health service delivery systems of various settings. However, despite differences in methodology, geographic area, and other issues (e.g., types of facility, when studies were conducted, etc.), virtually every relevant study has concluded that a significant number of prisoners have serious mental illnesses and that the numbers of mentally ill prisoners are increasing. Because people with mental illnesses are at risk of suicide and exacerbations of their mental illnesses, correctional institutions need to identify such persons in a timely manner and provide appropriate clinical interventions. This chapter addresses the initial mental health screening of persons entering prisons and jails, with a special emphasis on suicide risk screening and follow-up clinical assessments of prisoners whose receiving or intake screening results suggest the likelihood that treatment or suicide prevention efforts will be necessary.
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Ford, Elizabeth. Correctional Settings. Edited by Hunter L. McQuistion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190610999.003.0018.
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Correctional settings could represent an opportunity to provide treatment and rehabilitation for the disproportionately large numbers of people with mental illness who are incarcerated. Public psychiatrists have developed compassionate models of care for these individuals in prisons throughout North America, and they have worked to prevent victimization of individuals in these contexts. Risks including substance use, violence, and suicide are among the challenges that psychiatrists manage in these settings, and continuity of care following release into the community presents broad systemic challenges as well. The forensic psychiatry chapter’s discussion of diversion and fitness restoration dovetails with the focus on care provision within correctional settings explored in this chapter.
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Bell, Carl C. Juveniles. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0056.
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The incarceration of juveniles occurs in both juvenile systems and adult correctional systems, depending on jurisdiction, age, and criminal charges. Holding adolescents responsible for behavior that sometimes leads to juvenile crimes ensures that offenders will be held accountable, but also provides justice to victims. However, children are still developing, and their brains develop from bottom up and inside out causing their flight, fight, or freeze (limbic) systems to be fully engaged before their judgment and wisdom (frontal lobe) systems are in place to mediate their behavior. Children are not little adults. More simply put - children are essentially all gasoline and no brakes or steering wheel, and they need mature adults to provide braking and steering until they can develop their own internal control systems. Accordingly, the mechanisms of accountability for juveniles should not mimic adult punishments. Suicide risk, developmental disabilities such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and trauma histories are each of particular importance in this age group. Considering the complexity of the mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders of youth in corrections, there are several best-practice approaches to screening, assessment, and treatment. This chapter reviews the history of juvenile incarceration, and best or evidence-based practices in the management and treatment of incarcerated juvenile offenders.
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Bell, Carl C. Juveniles. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0056_update_001.
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The incarceration of juveniles occurs in both juvenile systems and adult correctional systems, depending on jurisdiction, age, and criminal charges. Holding adolescents responsible for behavior that sometimes leads to juvenile crimes ensures that offenders will be held accountable, but also provides justice to victims. However, children are still developing, and their brains develop from bottom up and inside out causing their flight, fight, or freeze (limbic) systems to be fully engaged before their judgment and wisdom (frontal lobe) systems are in place to mediate their behavior. Children are not little adults. More simply put - children are essentially all gasoline and no brakes or steering wheel, and they need mature adults to provide braking and steering until they can develop their own internal control systems. Accordingly, the mechanisms of accountability for juveniles should not mimic adult punishments. Suicide risk, developmental disabilities such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and trauma histories are each of particular importance in this age group. Considering the complexity of the mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders of youth in corrections, there are several best-practice approaches to screening, assessment, and treatment. This chapter reviews the history of juvenile incarceration, and best or evidence-based practices in the management and treatment of incarcerated juvenile offenders.
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Glancy, Graham D., and Stefan R. Treffers. Adjustment disorders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0018.
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Becoming incarcerated and the challenges associated with incarceration are for most people major life stressors. The development of acute adjustment disorders is very common in these settings. This chapter attempts to give guidance to clinicians who are on the front line in very difficult circumstances. They are often dealing with patients who are overwhelmed with significant adverse life events, whose history reveals that they have dealt with emotional disturbances by acting out, or have struggled with substance abuse for many years. The risk of suicide is a substantial concern, and may be substantially elevated in the presence of an adjustment disorder. Patients present with complex comorbidities, often complicated by substance use disorder and withdrawal. Clinicians often have very little information at their disposal, yet will have to make difficult decisions under pressure. For example, it is often not possible to collect collateral information or previous clinical records. Clinicians are required to balance an empathic approach while maintaining clear boundaries. In addition, the clinician is also required to bear in mind the security constraints of the institution. Often the clinician is working in relative isolation, without the added resources of a multidisciplinary team. In our view, treatment of adjustment disorders in correctional settings requires a keen application of the whole complement of clinical skills. This chapter discusses the presentation, assessment issues, and management concerns of adjustment disorders in jails and prisons.
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Kaufman, Randi, Kevin Kapila, and Kenneth L. Appelbaum. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered inmates. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0055.
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The lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) population has been, and remains, disenfranchised in many ways. Despite increasing acceptance of sexual orientation, evidenced by recent strides in legalizing gay marriage in several states, LGBT people continue to have a higher prevalence of mental illness due to minority stress than heterosexuals. Factors such as stigma, prejudice, and discrimination lead to increased incidence of mental suffering as a result of stressful, hostile, and often unsafe environments. Prejudice within the LGBT community around race, gender, disability, or mental illness also exists. Transgender individuals have a high risk of being targeted for violence and hate crimes, harassment and discrimination, unemployment and underemployment, poverty, homelessness, substance abuse, suicide, and self-harm. The stressors that LGBT individuals face likely contribute to their disproportionate risk of contact with the criminal justice system beginning in adolescence and extending into adulthood. Transgender individuals in particular have a risk for incarceration, for reasons ranging from imprisonment based on gender identity expression alone to the need to earn money through the underground economy due to difficulty finding employment. In addition to homophobia and transphobia, LGBT individuals with mental illness experience further stigmatization. Clinicians need to understand the multiple stigmas that may affect an individual’s willingness to seek mental health care. The unique needs of incarcerated LGBT individuals with mental illness are often invisible, and generally misunderstood and underserved. This chapter seeks to add to the clinical knowledge of practitioners working with this population, to clarify legal precedent, and to establish best practices.
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Kaufman, Randi, Kevin Kapila, and Kenneth L. Appelbaum. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender inmates. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0055_update_001.
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The lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) population has been, and remains, disenfranchised in many ways. Despite increasing acceptance of sexual orientation, evidenced by recent strides in legalizing gay marriage in several states, LGBT people continue to have a higher prevalence of mental illness due to minority stress than heterosexuals. Factors such as stigma, prejudice, and discrimination lead to increased incidence of mental suffering as a result of stressful, hostile, and often unsafe environments. Prejudice within the LGBT community around race, gender, disability, or mental illness also exists. Transgender individuals have a high risk of being targeted for violence and hate crimes, harassment and discrimination, unemployment and underemployment, poverty, homelessness, substance abuse, suicide, and self-harm. The stressors that LGBT individuals face likely contribute to their disproportionate risk of contact with the criminal justice system beginning in adolescence and extending into adulthood. Transgender individuals in particular have a risk for incarceration, for reasons ranging from imprisonment based on gender identity expression alone to the need to earn money through the underground economy due to difficulty finding employment. In addition to homophobia and transphobia, LGBT individuals with mental illness experience further stigmatization. Clinicians need to understand the multiple stigmas that may affect an individual’s willingness to seek mental health care. The unique needs of incarcerated LGBT individuals with mental illness are often invisible, and generally misunderstood and underserved. This chapter seeks to add to the clinical knowledge of practitioners working with this population, to clarify legal precedent, and to establish best practices.
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Ollendick, Thomas H., Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.001.0001.
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This comprehensive, 51-chapter handbook presents recent advances in the expression, etiology, assessment, and treatment of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders and related problems from a developmental psychopathology perspective. Following a broad conceptual overview of this area of clinical research and practice, assessment and treatment practices are examined for specific DSM-5 disorders and other nondiagnostic but nonetheless significant problems in childhood and adolescence, including the maltreatment of youth, children of divorce, children with incarcerated parents, nonsuicidal self-injury among youth, youth with suicidal thoughts and behavior, children who bully or are bullied, youth with medical conditions, and youth with neurobehavioral disorders. The practice of clinical child and adolescent psychology is then explored in diverse settings, including school, community mental health, outpatient, inpatient, forensic, and private practice settings. Implementation of evidence-based practices in these settings may help close the oft-cited gap between research and clinical practice. Finally, timely topics are presented that will likely influence mental health care and research with children and adolescents over the next couple of decades, namely, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying psychopathology and treatment, electronic and telehealth delivery developments, cognitive training methods and technology, transdiagnostic approaches, and pediatric psychopharmacology. The volume concludes with special attention to the dissemination of evidence-based assessment and treatment practices.
Book chapters on the topic "Incarcerated suicide"
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Khan, Omar, Rebecca Lewis, Bipin Subedi, and Heather Ellis Cucolo. "Prisoners’ Rights." In Landmark Cases in Forensic Psychiatry, edited by Merrill Rotter, Jeremy Colley, and Heather Ellis Cucolo, 185–92. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190914424.003.0026.
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Chapter 26 includes a broad range of cases that relate to the rights of individuals detained in jails or prisons. Because the U.S. Constitution considers deprivation of liberty a significant harm, efforts are made to protect the rights, as much as possible, of those who are incarcerated. As related to mental health, those rights include medical and psychiatric care, right to refuse treatment, and due process rights related to psychiatric hospitalization. The cases in this chapter are Estelle v. Gamble, Vitek v. Jones, Washington v. Harper, Riggins v. Nevada, Farmer v. Brennan, Sell v. U.S. and Brown v. Plata. The newest case (Taylor v. Barkes) looks at whether inadequate suicide prevention policies represent a potential 8th amendment violation.
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Stamatakis, Nikolaos, and Allan C. Burnett. "An Analysis of Emotional and Psychological Issues among Males at the Correctional Institution in St. Vincent and the Grenadines." In Criminology and Post-mortem Studies - Analyzing Criminal Behaviour and Making Medical Decisions [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93526.
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Recent findings suggest that emotional instability and psychological disorder rate in prison is three times higher than in the general population. Prisoners – especially males – are also at increased risk of all-cause victimization including violence and self-harm. This research sought to identify and analyze the emotions that incarcerated males at the Correctional Institutions in St. Vincent and the Grenadines have had and or were encountering, as well as the manner these emotions were being dealt with. It also sets out to ascertain some of the factors that were playing prominent roles in the lives of incarcerated males regarding those emotions. Up to date, there has been no research work done on males and their emotions in St. Vincent and the Grenadines nor any study regarding inmates in the correctional institution. The administration of a short questionnaire formed the quantitative collection instrument, which provided data from 150 inmates. The data analysis was performed via SPSS, and the findings point to a cross-section of relational factors that are relevant to males and their emotions (namely, abuse, crying, bonds, and suicidal thoughts). It was found that males are struggling emotionally with understanding their identity and are inadvertently pressured to adhere to societal directives by restricting their emotional expression.
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Stamatakis, Nikolaos, and Allan C. Burnett. "An Analysis of Emotional and Psychological Issues among Males at the Correctional Institution in St. Vincent and the Grenadines." In Criminology and Post-mortem Studies - Analyzing Criminal Behaviour and Making Medical Decisions [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93526.
Full textAbstract:
Recent findings suggest that emotional instability and psychological disorder rate in prison is three times higher than in the general population. Prisoners – especially males – are also at increased risk of all-cause victimization including violence and self-harm. This research sought to identify and analyze the emotions that incarcerated males at the Correctional Institutions in St. Vincent and the Grenadines have had and or were encountering, as well as the manner these emotions were being dealt with. It also sets out to ascertain some of the factors that were playing prominent roles in the lives of incarcerated males regarding those emotions. Up to date, there has been no research work done on males and their emotions in St. Vincent and the Grenadines nor any study regarding inmates in the correctional institution. The administration of a short questionnaire formed the quantitative collection instrument, which provided data from 150 inmates. The data analysis was performed via SPSS, and the findings point to a cross-section of relational factors that are relevant to males and their emotions (namely, abuse, crying, bonds, and suicidal thoughts). It was found that males are struggling emotionally with understanding their identity and are inadvertently pressured to adhere to societal directives by restricting their emotional expression.
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Sloan, Kathryn A. "The Modern Disease." In Death in the City. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520290310.003.0005.
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Chapter 4 examines medical and forensic approaches to self-murder. Some Mexican scientists believed the causes of self-murder to be biological and environmental. Others followed Emile Durkheim's arguments and placed its roots squarely in the urban environment. The environment was the modern city—, its rapid work paces, its changing technology, and the increasing alienation of the individual from family, community, and religion. Newspapers advertised a myriad of tonics and medicines to cure neurasthenia and other causes of excessive nervousness. Class and gender played significant parts in the interpretation and judgments of suicides, and these narratives were acted out in the media and in, judicial, and medical discourse. The documentary base of this chapter includes contemporary the journals ofmedical schools journals, insane asylumthe intake questionnaires of insane asylums, case files of patients incarcerated in the asylums, and forensic-medicine publications.