Journal articles: 'Incarcerated suicide'

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Hunter, Ernest M. "On Gordian Knots and Nooses: Aboriginal Suicide in the Kimberley." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 22, no. 3 (September 1988): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678809161207.

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Aboriginal suicide has become an issue receiving national attention because of the association with “deaths in custody”. To date little systematic work has been directed to the investigation of suicide among a non-incarcerated Aboriginal population. This paper focuses on deaths by suicide within one geographical area. It identifies two factors, alcoholism and disruption of interpersonal attachments, which may play a causal role in male Aboriginal suicide. The sudden emergence of suicide in this partial descent population, in concert with suicides among incarcerated and non-incarcerated Aborigines elsewhere, suggests that socio-historical forces must be examined to further clarify the phenomenon.

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Laishes, Jane. "Inmate Suicides in the Correctional Service of Canada." Crisis 18, no. 4 (July 1997): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.18.4.157.

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This article presents descriptive statistics on the 66 suicides occurring in federal institutions in Canada over a 4-year period. Criminological and institutional factors of those who committed suicide included lengthy involvement in the criminal justice system, a greater likelihood of being incarcerated for robbery or murder, and involvement in institutional incidents of a serious nature. In addition, 62% of the inmates who committed suicide had been transferred from other institutions within 6 months prior to suicide, though 59% evidenced no indicators of suicidal intent and 44% were not considered to be depressed at the time of suicide. Family problems (29%) were the most commonly hypothesized motivating factor in the suicides, followed by denial of a request for appeal, parole, or transfer (26%), fear of other inmates (24%), and substance abuse problems (21%). Current and planned suicide prevention and intervention strategies of the Correctional Service of Canada are discussed in the context of these findings.

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Mennicke, Annelise, Kaylyn Daniels, and Cynthia Fraga Rizo. "Suicide Completion Among Incarcerated Women." Journal of Correctional Health Care 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jchc.18.12.0070.

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Arboleda-Florez, J., and H. Holley. "Predicting Suicide Behaviours in Incarcerated Settings*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 7 (October 1989): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378903400708.

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Attempts to predict suicide behaviours have produced a number of useful clinical tools. Unfortunately, these have been largely designed with a specific psychiatric population or institutional setting in mind and are not easily transferred to an incarcerated setting. In 1983 the authors developed a suicide checklist which could be used to aid screening of new admissions to Remand Centres in the Province of Alberta. Studies completed to date have revealed this checklist to be a practical and reliable method of standardizing the suicide screening process. This paper presents findings from a study designed to evaluate the predictive power (discriminant validity) of the checklist. A stepwise multivariate framework is used to assess the overall ability of checklist items to discriminate a high risk group. As well, the relative importance of specific socio-demographic, clinical and historical variables is assessed. Data were collected on a cohort of consecutive admissions to the Edmonton Remand Centre during 1986. Findings reveal that marital status is the only direct statistical predictor of suicide risk. Inmates who had divorced or separated from a spouse were more likely to be active suicide risks at some time during their remand than those who were married or single. Symptom score was found to be generally predictive, however, closer assessment revealed this relationship to be heterogeneous across subgroups defined on the basis of certain criminological variables. The model which allowed for the interaction of clinical with criminological variables correctly discriminated 100% of the active suicide risks and 63 % of inmates who had a prior history of suicide behaviours. The practical implications of these findings for suicide screening are discussed.

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Heirigs, Mark H., Matt DeLisi, Bryanna Fox, Katie Dhingra, and Michael G. Vaughn. "Psychopathy and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Revisited: Results From a Statewide Population of Institutionalized Youth." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 63, no. 6 (November 14, 2018): 874–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x18812533.

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Suicide is the leading cause of death for incarcerated youth, and up to half of all juveniles in confinement experience suicidal ideation in addition to other psychopathology, including psychopathic personality features. Unfortunately, limited research has investigated the psychopathy–suicidality link among juvenile delinquents and using newer psychopathy measures. Based upon a statewide population of incarcerated juvenile offenders, we found that psychopathy was a significant risk factor for suicidal ideation and lifetime suicide attempts, but the latter relationship was attenuated by lifetime depression diagnosis. In addition, certain affective psychopathic features such as Stress Immunity conferred protection against suicidality, whereas behavioral and lifestyle components including Carefree Nonplanfulness, Blame Externalization, and Rebellious Nonconformity were positively linked to suicidal thoughts among the youth offenders. As these risk factors are routinely screened for in juvenile justice settings, this study’s findings have considerable implications to applied practice and prevention among juvenile justice involved youth.

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Cummings, Devon, and Mindi Thompson. "Suicidal or Manipulative? The Role of Mental Health Counselors in Overcoming a False Dichotomy in Identifying and Treating Self-Harming Inmates." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 31, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.31.3.f3332r77x526477k.

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Suicide is a significant problem within jails and prisons. If self-harming inmates are labeled manipulative and therefore not treated, this may lead to their death, because research demonstrates that these "manipulative" individuals are at risk of suicide and need treatment. Attention to the role of mental health counselors in jails and prisons is therefore necessary. This paper discusses that role and ways to identify, assess, treat, and prevent suicides in jails and prisons. It provides suggestions for research on suicide assessment with incarcerated individuals who are considered manipulative.

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Radatz, Dana L., and Emily M. Wright. "Does Polyvictimization Affect Incarcerated and Non-Incarcerated Adult Women Differently? An Exploration Into Internalizing Problems." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 9 (June 10, 2015): 1379–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515588921.

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In this study, we used data from life histories of 424 non-incarcerated ( n = 266) and incarcerated ( n = 158) women to examine the extent to which women are exposed to multiple forms of victimization, including child abuse, intimate partner violence, sexual assault, and traumatic life events. We assessed the effects of polyvictimization (e.g., multiple victimizations) on women’s health-related outcomes (e.g., attempted suicide, drug and alcohol problems) as well as whether the prevalence rates and effects of victimization were significantly different between the subsamples of women. Results indicate that incarcerated women experience significantly more victimization than non-incarcerated women, and while polyvictimization was associated with a higher likelihood of alcohol problems, drug problems, and attempted suicide among non-incarcerated women, it was only marginally associated with an increased likelihood of alcohol problems among incarcerated women. Finally, low levels of polyvictimization affected alcohol and drug problems among incarcerated and non-incarcerated women differently.

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Galloucis, Matthew, and Heather Francek. "Suicide Risk Assessment for Incarcerated Juveniles." Journal of Threat Assessment 1, no. 4 (September 2001): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j177v01n04_02.

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Zhang, Jie, Virginia E. Grabiner, Yong Zhou, and Ning Li. "Suicidal Ideation and Its Correlates in Prisoners." Crisis 31, no. 6 (November 2010): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000055.

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Background: Suicide is one of the leading causes of prisoners’ death, and, as a group, inmates have higher suicide rates than their community counterparts. However, the prevalence of suicidal ideation among Chinese inmates and their risks of suicide remain unknown. Aims: This study investigates the prevalence of suicidal ideation among Chinese incarcerated populations and its risk and protective factors. Methods: We randomly selected three types of prisoners (N = 690) and a sample of college students (n = 248) from four correction facilities and a police academy in China. A self-report questionnaire with standardized scales translated from the West was administered to the samples. Results: The prevalence of suicidal ideation among Chinese inmates is similar to that found among inmates in the West. The correlates of suicidal ideation for the Chinese inmates are also in line with what has been found in general populations. Conclusions: It is suggested that Chinese inmates have the same risk factors and protective factors for suicidal ideation as the general population in China. Suicide prevention in Chinese prisons can learn from and inform suicide prevention work for the general population.

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Eyland, Simon, Simon Corben, and Jenny Barton. "Suicide Prevention in New South Wales Correctional Centres." Crisis 18, no. 4 (July 1997): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.18.4.163.

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The New South Wales Department of Corrective Services has introduced a number of suicide prevention measures in order to deal with the problem of inmate suicides. This article describes the measures. The article also shows that the characteristics of the incarcerated population differ greatly from those in the community. Findings from the self-harm database 1991-1995 show that, nevertheless, there are some unique characteristics of the group of self-harmers and fatal self-harmers. These findings are discussed in relation to the preventive measures that are introduced in the NSW correctional centers.

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Barry, Lisa C., Dorothy B. Wakefield, Robert L. Trestman, and Yeates Conwell. "Active and Passive Suicidal Ideation in Older Prisoners." Crisis 37, no. 2 (March 2016): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000350.

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Abstract. Background: Older prisoners are the fastest growing incarcerated population with high suicide rates, yet limited information is available to inform best practices for their early risk detection and suicide prevention. Aims: The present study sought to determine the current prevalence of and factors associated with active suicidal ideation (ASI) and passive suicidal ideation (PSI) in older prisoners, and to determine if ASI and PSI were similarly associated with depression and lifetime suicide attempt – markers of subsequent suicide. Method: ASI, PSI, current major depressive episode (MDE), lifetime suicide attempt, and participant characteristics were assessed during interviews with 124 prisoners aged 50 years and older. Participants were assigned to one of three mutually exclusive groups: no SI, PSI only, and ASI. Results: Past alcohol dependence and fair/poor self-rated health were associated with SI. Compared with those with no SI, older prisoners with PSI (10%) and ASI (11%) were more likely to have a lifetime suicide attempt and/or MDE. However, the likelihood of experiencing either MDE or a suicide attempt did not differ between those with ASI or PSI. Conclusions: Among older prisoners, PSI and ASI may be similarly associated with markers of subsequent suicide. PSI should not be considered inconsequential and may distinguish older prisoners with elevated suicide risk.

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Laliberté, Arlene, and Michel Tousignant. "Alcohol and Other Contextual Factors of Suicide in Four Aboriginal Communities of Quebec, Canada." Crisis 30, no. 4 (July 2009): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.30.4.215.

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Background: Aboriginal populations worldwide face increasing rates of suicide. Despite this recurring observation, little research has emerged from Aboriginal settings. Aims: This paper describes the psychosocial and behavioral characteristics of 30 consecutive adult suicides from four First-Nations communities in Quebec, Canada. Method: Psychological autopsies guided by the LEDS with family members of the deceased. Results: Suicide among this group is overrepresented by young single men. Alcohol intoxication at the time of death was reported for 22 cases in association with rapid acting out after the precipitating event for 20. All but two cases had a history of alcohol abuse, and drug use was also present in 23 cases. In 16 cases there had been a previous suicide attempt, 14 of which occurred during the previous year. The main socio-demographic characteristics of the communities were overcrowded living arrangements and no job status (90%). Seven cases were incarcerated or locked up at the time of death. Clustering of suicide was observed within seven nuclear families including 16 suicides. Conclusion: This study shows that Aboriginal suicide is the result of a complex interweaving of individual, familial, and socio-historical variables. The impact of contemporary social stressors on individual well-being must be addressed to prevent suicide in this community.

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Jing-ying, Guo. "Pain is temporary: Discourse analysis of inmates’ accounts of suicide." Discourse & Society 31, no. 5 (March 31, 2020): 498–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926520914685.

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There have been abundant empirical studies identifying risk factors associated with inmate suicide. However, little attention has been turned to the voices of inmates who have experienced suicide. This article, based on semi-structured interviews with 14 incarcerated adults who have committed suicide and survived in prisons in Zhejiang Province, China, tries to explore how suicide is presented, constructed and oriented to in interaction. Implications for future research and suicide intervention are also discussed.

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Canady, Valerie A. "Research finds incarcerated youth more prone to suicide." Mental Health Weekly 29, no. 5 (February 4, 2019): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mhw.31762.

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Sánchez, Francisco Caravaca, Noelle Fearn, and Michael G. Vaughn. "Risk Factors Associated With Near-Lethal Suicide Attempts During Incarceration Among Men in the Spanish Prison System." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 6 (January 27, 2017): 1452–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16689833.

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Studies conducted worldwide indicate that near-lethal suicide attempts are common among incarcerated populations. However, little research attention has been focused on the Spanish prison population. To address this gap in the literature, data were drawn from a sample of men ( N = 2,270) incarcerated in seven prisons in Spain. We compared sociodemographic, criminal/offense, health and mental health, and life events in prison variables between inmates who reported making near-lethal suicide attempts ( n = 616) and those who did not ( n = 1,654) during their current incarceration term. A series of binary and multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that a variety of variables were associated ( p values < .001) with near-lethal suicide attempts, including prior-to-prison employment status, family members in prison, recidivist in prison, childhood trauma, work status in prison, and disciplinary infractions. Our study findings are discussed in light of developing more effective strategies and prevention interventions to reduce attempted suicide in the Spanish Prison System.

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Tsopelas, C. "Moral Obligation to Acknowledge and Prevent Suicide in Life Sentence Incarcerated Inmates." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1662.

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IntroductionFor an inmate incarcerated for life we could acknowledge factors contributing to the desire to commit suicide, as social isolation, insensitive discipline, lack of privacy, constant threat of violence, fear, guilt, hopelessness, and depression are prominent in the life imprisonment.AimsTo discuss the ethical issues of prevention suicide in inmates incarcerated for life.MethodsWe performed thorough research of the main medical databases, and web search engines for relevant studies, articles and opinions and reviewed them independently.ResultsPrevalence of mental illness is high among inmates and several common stressors typically herald an inmate's suicide. Suicide is often the single most common cause of death in correctional settings. Even though some suicide victims have consulted a mental health service-provider before their suicide, the majority of suicide victims were not mentally ill. The paradox, particularly for life sentence inmates is that we are trying to persuade an inmate to live within a disciplinary environment, which has as side effect the increase of suicidality of the inmates.ConclusionsPrisons’ inability to protect the health and safety of inmates could raise ethical issues. We have obligation to adequate suicide prevention for all inmates, and we should be more broad minded as the will to die in mentally healthy individuals is beside an free will expression, a sign of serious lack of support and humane living conditions. We should be vigilant not to use the prevention of suicide programs as another way to increase punishment of life long imprisonment.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

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Wittouck, Ciska, Louis Favril, Gwendolyn Portzky, Freya Vander Laenen, Frédéric Declercq, and Kurt Audenaert. "Correlates of suicidal ideation in incarcerated offenders: a pilot study in three Belgian prisons." Journal of Criminal Psychology 6, no. 4 (November 7, 2016): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-03-2016-0009.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the correlates of suicidal ideation in offenders incarcerated in three Belgian prisons. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional questionnaire design was used. In total, 60 participants were recruited from three Belgian prisons. In addition to a questionnaire regarding demographic, social, institutional, and criminological factors, validated self-report instruments of psychological and psychiatric variables (coping, hopelessness, and depressive symptomatology) were administered. Associations with suicidal ideation were tested using regression analysis. Findings Coping style, life events, and social support were most strongly associated with suicidal ideation in prisoners. In particular, a passive coping style, feelings of loneliness, and the loss of a significant other contributed most to the presence of suicidal ideation, whereas a close partner relationship constituted a protective factor of suicidal thoughts. Research limitations/implications This pilot study used a convenience sampling strategy, prone to sampling bias. Additionally, given the small sample size, results must be interpreted with caution, as they might not be representative of the general population of prisoners in Belgium. Practical implications Interventions focussing on improving coping skills and social support and on impeding the availability and accessibility of suicide methods are promising suicide prevention strategies in custodial settings. Originality/value To date, no studies have been conducted in Belgium focussing on suicidality in prisoners. Furthermore, the examination of suicidal ideation in prison settings has received relatively scant attention in international research.

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Carvalho, Eronyce Rayka de Oliveira, Karla Santos Mateus, Kaline da Silva Lima, Jeferson Barbosa Silva, and Ricardo Riyoiti Uchida. "Self-injury and suicide attempt in incarcerated women: prevalence and risk factors." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 7 (June 14, 2021): e9710715788. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i7.15788.

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Purpose: To assess the prevalence and risk factors for self-injury and suicide attempt in prison in a sample composed of 186 female inmates. Methods: Sociodemographic data, measures of depression, self-destructive behavior, suicide attempt, and other specific questions related to the reality in the prison environment were collected. Results: Self-injury and suicide attempt before incarceration was reported by 11.3% and 35.5% of the sample, respectively. During imprisonment, a prevalence of 29% and 18.8% for self-injury and suicide attempt, respectively, was observed. Multiple binary logistic regression identified the following risk factors for self-injury: age <32 years, depressive symptoms, history of torture at the time of the arrest, aggression in prison, and sexually transmitted infection. Conversely, the risk factors for suicide attempt were depressive symptoms, self-injury history, aggression in prison, and sexually transmitted infection. Conclusion: This study confirmed the high prevalence of self-harm and suicide attempts in female prisoners. Specific screening tools and the institution of public policies to assess and provide mental health care for incarcerated people in Brazil are needed.

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Dickson, Joanne M., Kate Cruise, Clare A. McCall, and Peter J. Taylor. "A Systematic Review of the Antecedents and Prevalence of Suicide, Self-Harm and Suicide Ideation in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Youth." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17 (August 29, 2019): 3154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173154.

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Suicide and self-harm represent serious global health problems and appear to be especially elevated amongst indigenous minority groups, and particularly amongst young people (aged 24 years or younger). This systematic review investigates for the first time the antecedents and prevalence of suicide, self-harm and suicide ideation among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth. Web of Science, PubMed, PsychINFO, CINAHL databases and grey literature were searched from earliest records to April 2019 for eligible articles. Twenty-two empirical articles met the inclusion criteria. The data confirmed that indigenous youth in Australia have elevated rates of suicide, self-harm and suicidal ideation relative to the nonindigenous population. Risk factors included being incarcerated, substance use and greater social and emotional distress. Notably, though, information on predictors of suicide and self-harm remains scarce. The findings support and justify the increasing implementation of public health programs specifically aimed at tackling this crisis. Based on the review findings, we argued that Aboriginal communities are best positioned to identify and understand the antecedents of youth self-harm, suicide ideation and suicide, and to take the lead in the development of more effective mental health preventive strategies and public policies within their communities.

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Liu, Yiran E., Everton Ferreira Lemos, Crhistinne Cavalheiro Maymone Gonçalves, Roberto Dias de Oliveira, Andrea da Silva Santos, Agne Oliveira do Prado Morais, Mariana Garcia Croda, et al. "All-cause and cause-specific mortality during and following incarceration in Brazil: A retrospective cohort study." PLOS Medicine 18, no. 9 (September 17, 2021): e1003789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003789.

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Background Mortality during and after incarceration is poorly understood in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The need to address this knowledge gap is especially urgent in South America, which has the fastest growing prison population in the world. In Brazil, insufficient data have precluded our understanding of all-cause and cause-specific mortality during and after incarceration. Methods and findings We linked incarceration and mortality databases for the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul to obtain a retrospective cohort of 114,751 individuals with recent incarceration. Between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018, we identified 3,127 deaths of individuals with recent incarceration (705 in detention and 2,422 following release). We analyzed age-standardized, all-cause, and cause-specific mortality rates among individuals detained in different facility types and following release, compared to non-incarcerated residents. We additionally modeled mortality rates over time during and after incarceration for all causes of death, violence, or suicide. Deaths in custody were 2.2 times the number reported by the national prison administration (n = 317). Incarcerated men and boys experienced elevated mortality, compared with the non-incarcerated population, due to increased risk of death from violence, suicide, and communicable diseases, with the highest standardized incidence rate ratio (IRR) in semi-open prisons (2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0 to 2.8), police stations (3.1; 95% CI: 2.5 to 3.9), and youth detention (8.1; 95% CI: 5.9 to 10.8). Incarcerated women experienced increased mortality from suicide (IRR = 6.0, 95% CI: 1.2 to 17.7) and communicable diseases (IRR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.1 to 5.0). Following release from prison, mortality was markedly elevated for men (IRR = 3.0; 95% CI: 2.8 to 3.1) and women (IRR = 2.4; 95% CI: 2.1 to 2.9). The risk of violent death and suicide was highest immediately post-release and declined over time; however, all-cause mortality remained elevated 8 years post-release. The limitations of this study include inability to establish causality, uncertain reliability of data during incarceration, and underestimation of mortality rates due to imperfect database linkage. Conclusions Incarcerated individuals in Brazil experienced increased mortality from violence, suicide, and communicable diseases. Mortality was heightened following release for all leading causes of death, with particularly high risk of early violent death and elevated all-cause mortality up to 8 years post-release. These disparities may have been underrecognized in Brazil due to underreporting and insufficient data.

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Shagufta, Sonia, Daniel Boduszek, Katie Dhingra, and Derrol Kola-Palmer. "Criminal social identity and suicide ideation among Pakistani young prisoners." International Journal of Prisoner Health 11, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-06-2014-0018.

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Purpose – Suicidal behaviour is a common in prisoners, yet little is known about the factors that may protect against thoughts of ending one’s life. The purpose of this paper is to specify and test a structural model to examine the relationship between three criminal social identity (CSI) dimensions (in-group affect, in-group ties, and cognitive centrality) and suicide ideation while controlling for period of confinement, age, criminal friends, and offense type (violent vs non-violent). Design/methodology/approach – Participants were 415 male juvenile offenders incarcerated in prisons in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. A structural model was specified and tested using Mplus to examine the relationships between the three factors of CSI and suicidal thoughts, while controlling for age, offender type, period of confinement, and substance dependence. Findings – The model provided an adequate fit for the data, explaining 22 per cent of variance in suicidal thoughts. In-group affect (the level of personal bonding with other criminals) was found to exert a strong protective effect against suicide ideation. Originality/value – The research contributes important information on suicide ideation in Pakistan, an Islamic country in which suicide is considered a sin and subsequently a criminal offence. Results indicate that Juvenile offenders’ sense of shared identity may help to prevent the development of thoughts of death by suicide. Consequently, separating and isolating young prisoners may be ill advised.

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Jeglic, Elizabeth L., Ashley Spada, and Cynthia Calkins Mercado. "An Examination of Suicide Attempts Among Incarcerated Sex Offenders." Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 25, no. 1 (June 2012): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063212447201.

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Ruch, Donna A., Arielle H. Sheftall, Paige Schlagbaum, Cynthia A. Fontanella, John V. Campo, and Jeffrey A. Bridge. "Characteristics and Precipitating Circumstances of Suicide Among Incarcerated Youth." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 58, no. 5 (May 2019): 514–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.07.911.

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Marzano, Lisa, Karen Ciclitira, and Joanna R. Adler. "Non-suicidal self-harm amongst incarcerated men: a qualitative study." Journal of Criminal Psychology 6, no. 4 (November 7, 2016): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-04-2016-0017.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the needs and motivations of incarcerated men who self-harm with no apparent suicidal intent. These have received little attention in research and policy, despite men accounting for a high and increasing proportion of self-harm in prisons. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 adult male prisoners with a recent history or thoughts of non-suicidal self-harm. The interviews were analysed drawing on principles of thematic analysis and discourse analysis. Findings Against a backdrop of early traumatic experiences and more recent adverse events (including prison-related ones), self-harm was described by many as a desperate – but meaningful – coping strategy; both a means of releasing tension, sadness and frustration, and of being heard in an unresponsive system. Originality/value These findings echo those of research conducted with women (including women prisoners) who self-harm, but challenge some of the more negative ways in which non-suicidal male prisoner self-harm has been portrayed in the (scant) previous literature. As well as pointing to the need for greater awareness of the complex needs of men in prisons, they underscore the importance of (also) exploring – and perhaps addressing – the issue of self-harm separately from suicide, and of striving to make prisons, as well as prisoners, “healthier” and better able to cope with pressure.

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송한수 and 이정애. "Development of a Suicide Risk Screening Scale for Incarcerated Offenders." Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology 28, no. 1 (February 2009): 223–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2009.28.1.013.

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Perry, Amanda E., and Simon Gilbody. "Commentary on: Suicide Screening Tools for Use with Incarcerated Offenders." Archives of Suicide Research 23, no. 3 (August 7, 2018): 523–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2018.1478755.

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Valliant, Paul M., Lesa L. Maksymchuk, and Daniel Antonowicz. "ATTITUDES AND PERSONALITY TRAITS OF FEMALE ADULT VICTIMS OF CHILDHOOD ABUSE: A COMPARISON OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND INCARCERATED WOMEN." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 23, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1995.23.2.205.

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A survey of 39 University undergraduate female students and 13 incarcerated female victims was undertaken to investigate the personality traits of victims of sexual abuse. The University population was comprised of 24 non-victims and 15 victims. A comparison of the three groups was completed with a battery of psychometric tests examining personality style, and a survey of their attitudes toward sexual offenders. Significant differences emerged on trait and state anxiety; on clinical scales of the MMPI, and the hostility scale of the Suicide Probability Scale. There was unanimous agreement among all three groups surveyed (100%) that sex offenders should receive treatment. Moreover, there was also a consensus amongst university students (100%) that sex offenders should be incarcerated for two years or more, whereas only 53.8% of incarcerated victims considered a sentence of two or more years appropriate.

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Putnins, Aldis L. "Correlates and Predictors of Self-Reported Suicide Attempts Among Incarcerated Youths." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 49, no. 2 (April 2005): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x04269412.

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Gould, Charlotte, Tristan McGeorge, and Karen Slade. "Suicide Screening Tools for use in Incarcerated Offenders: A Systematic Review." Archives of Suicide Research 22, no. 3 (July 21, 2017): 345–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2017.1334611.

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Smith, Phillip N., Candice Selwyn, Darcey D’Amato, Stephani Granato, Shane Kuhlman, and Jon T. Mandracchia. "Life experiences and the acquired capability for suicide in incarcerated men." Death Studies 40, no. 7 (April 6, 2016): 432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2016.1171264.

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Evans, William, Eric Albers, Dan Macari, and Alex Mason. "Suicide ideation, attempts and abuse among incarcerated gang and nongang delinquents." Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal 13, no. 2 (April 1996): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01876641.

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Kosiak, Daryl. "The deliberate indifference standard as applied to the suicide of incarcerated persons†." Justice Professional 14, no. 4 (December 2001): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478601x.2001.9959628.

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Hayden, James, and Charles Huth. "The Transformation to Health for All in Correctional Care: Shifting Mindset to End Collusion." Military Medicine 185, Supplement_3 (July 7, 2020): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa125.

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ABSTRACT Bottom Line Up Front: Prison, for most incarcerated persons, can be a harsh and oftentimes dehumanizing environment. The U.S. criminal justice system has become more punitive than rehabilitative since the 1970s. In a reversal of this trend, newly passed legislation has charged prisons with preparing incarcerated persons for reentry into society, reducing recidivism, and providing rehabilitation programs targeting individual needs and risk. At the same time, prison staff delivering these services are faced with the challenge of burn-out, fatigue, depression, PTSD, suicide, and substance abuse at higher rates than individuals in other professions. To sustainably deliver the newly mandated prison-based services with an emphasis on the health and wellbeing of both the staff and the incarcerated population, prisons and the criminal justice system must change dramatically. The key to accomplishing this change is a foundational shift in mindset, from a self-focused “inward mindset” to an in impact-focused “outward mindset.” The purpose of this article is to hypothesize the potential for increased safety, security, and human wellbeing when a prison culture adopts an outward mindset.

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Hughes, Sam. "Release Within Confinement: An Alternative Proposal for Managing the Masturbation of Incarcerated Men in U.S. Prisons." Journal of Positive Sexuality 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51681/1.611.

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Policies regarding masturbation among incarcerated men vary throughout the United States. To describe the state of these policies, a systematic review of prison masturbation policies was conducted. The review revealed that masturbation among incarcerated men is banned in most U.S. prisons (sometimes in all cases, and other times only when it is intended to disturb others, and/or is public). Furthermore, many states’ Departments of Corrections have made these policies difficult for the public to identify. Prison masturbation bans have been defended on the grounds that they reduce STI transmission, help maintain order, prevent hostile work environments for female prison staff, assist in prison rape prosecutions, and assist in rehabilitating incarcerated people. By reviewing the available social science and endocrinological research on masturbation, those justifications are found to have minimal basis in scientific evidence. Conversely, the evidence does suggest the masturbation bans could potentially be linked with higher rates of violence, rape, exploitation, sex offender recidivism, insomnia, stress, depression, and suicide. Instead of being rooted in evidence, bans on prison masturbation seem to be primarily motivated by sex-negativity and the desire to retributively punish incarcerated people. To alleviate these harms, this article suggests allowing incarcerated men to masturbate within specifically identified circumstances, and/or to lessen existing punishments for masturbation. Potential problems with the implementation of the suggested policy are discussed, and a call is made to make inmate handbooks, which contain most of these policies, available to the public. Unique opportunities for penological and sexological research are identified.

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Stephens, Torrance, and Rhonda C. Holliday. "Predictors of suicide ideation and risk for HIV among juvenile offenders in Georgia." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 26, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2013-0016.

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine self-reported thoughts of suicide, HIV risk behaviors and history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in a sample of adolescent juvenile offenders in Georgia. Participants were 2260 juvenile offenders housed at selected youth development campuses (YDCs) in the state of Georgia. Self-reported measures of suicide ideation, HIV risk, and past occurrence of STIs were collected. Significance tests were conducted using univariate logistic regressions to examine the independent associations of lifetime self-reported thoughts of suicide and dichotomized HIV risk behaviour correlates prior to incarceration. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were presented. Significant differences were observed between juveniles in several factors for increased risk, including having been previously incarcerated (p<0.04), having had more than five alcoholic drinks in the same day (p<0.007), and having performed oral sex (p<0.028). We suggest that interventions for juvenile offenders that report thoughts of suicide, and that focus on HIV risk reduction should be developed based on the consideration of targeting factors that increase risk to specific STIs.

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Carli, Vladimir, Nikolina Jovanović, Anja Podlešek, Alec Roy, Zoltan Rihmer, Stefania Maggi, Dragan Marusic, Caterina Cesaro, Andrej Marusic, and Marco Sarchiapone. "The role of impulsivity in self-mutilators, suicide ideators and suicide attempters — A study of 1265 male incarcerated individuals." Journal of Affective Disorders 123, no. 1-3 (June 2010): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.02.119.

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Mills, Jeremy F., and Daryl G. Kroner. "A New Instrument to Screen for Depression, Hopelessness, and Suicide in Incarcerated Offenders." Psychological Services 1, no. 1 (2004): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1541-1559.1.1.83.

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Horon, Robert, Stephanie N. Williams, Todd McManus, and John Roberts. "The Culture and Protective Suicide Scale for Incarcerated Persons (CAPSSIP): A measure for evaluating suicide risk and protection within correctional populations." Psychological Services 15, no. 1 (February 2018): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ser0000197.

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Penn, Joseph V., Christianne Esposito, L. A. R. Stein, Molly Lacher-Katz, and Anthony Spirito. "Juvenile Correctional Workers’ Perceptions of Suicide Risk Factors and Mental Health Issues of Incarcerated Juveniles." Journal of Correctional Health Care 11, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107834580401100403.

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JONES, ANNE. "Self-Mutilation in Prison." Criminal Justice and Behavior 13, no. 3 (September 1986): 286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854886013003003.

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Data collected from the case records of 67 self-mutilating prisoners and a random sample of 68 prisoners were utilized to compare the two groups on 15 variables. Three-quarters of the incidents took place in isolation cells or prison psychiatric units and were the result of self-inflicted cuts. Discriminant analysis indicated that self-mutilators were more likely to be white, have wrist or forearm scars upon admission, and have attempted suicide while in prison. However, scars were much more predictive among whites than blacks. Mutilators were also convicted of more felonies, had more severe disciplinary actions taken against them in prison, and been charged with more assaults while incarcerated.

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Kenny, Dianna T., C. J. Lennings, and Olivia A. Munn. "Risk Factors for Self-Harm and Suicide in Incarcerated Young Offenders: Implications for Policy and Practice." Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice 8, no. 4 (December 2008): 358–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15228930802199317.

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Power, Jenelle, Renee Gobeil, Janelle N. Beaudette, Mary B. Ritchie, Shelley L. Brown, and Hayden P. Smith. "Childhood Abuse, Nonsuicidal Self-Injury, and Suicide Attempts: An Exploration of Gender Differences in Incarcerated Adults." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 46, no. 6 (June 13, 2016): 745–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12263.

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WALSCH, THOMAS C. "Alcoholic Offenders: Survey Data Suggesting Auxiliary Treatment Interventions." Prison Journal 77, no. 1 (March 1997): 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032855597077001005.

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Alcohol abuse and dependency remain a serious problem among incarcerated offenders. Successful treatment requires specific interventions that augment generic substance abuse treatment. The purpose of this study is to delineate areas for intervention with alcoholic inmates. One hundred twenty-eight alcoholic inmates (64 men and 64 women) from the Massachusetts state prison system were randomly selected and interviewed. Measures included the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS), and Hare's Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). The data suggests that, along with substance abuse treatment, interventions should be directed at: (a) early intervention; (b) physical, sexual, and emotional trauma issues; (c) depression and suicide potential; (d) occupational skills; (e) safe sex education; (f) violent behavior; and (g) psychopathic characterological issues, when warranted.

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Chapman, Alexander L., Kim L. Gratz, and Brianna J. Turner. "Risk-Related and Protective Correlates of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Co-Occurring Suicide Attempts among Incarcerated Women." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 44, no. 2 (October 19, 2013): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12058.

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Fitzalan Howard, Flora, and Helen Wakeling. "People in Prisons’ Perceptions of Procedural Justice in England and Wales." Criminal Justice and Behavior 47, no. 12 (October 8, 2020): 1654–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820964501.

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Procedural justice (PJ) theory suggests that if incarcerated people perceive their treatment to be fair and just, greater acceptance of staff authority, less misconduct, better mental health, and improved recidivism outcomes will follow. This study developed a measure of and explored PJ perceptions for people in English and Welsh prisons. Factor analysis was used to create a 27-item PJ measure, using data from around 20,000 people who completed the Measuring quality of prison life survey during a 4-year period. The measure had good internal consistency. We found differences in perceptions across groups of people and prison types. Poorer perceptions were weakly associated with self-harm and attempted suicide. There was a negative association between perceptions and misbehavior/incidents in custody, although PJ perceptions were not a significant predictor of incidents.

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Karatoprak, Serdar, Nusret Ayaz, Yunus Emre Dönmez, and Mustafa Dogan. "Assessment of suicide probability and related factors in male incarcerated adolescents; a sample of reformatory center in Turkey." International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 78 (September 2021): 101731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2021.101731.

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Barry, Lisa C., Dorothy Wakefield, David C. Steffens, and Yeates Conwell. "DISABILITY IN PRISON ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING AND DEPRESSION IN OLDER PRISONERS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2618.

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Abstract The U.S. prison population is aging; more persons are being incarcerated in the second half of life and are aging “in place.” In the first prospective study to evaluate older prisoners’ mental health (Aging INSIDE), we determined if disability in activities of daily living specific to prison, prison activities of daily living (PADLs), predicts depression in this vulnerable population. To date, 134 older prisoners (age ≥50) sentenced at 9 Connecticut correctional facilities completed in-person interviews (baseline and one-year follow-up). A score of ≥10 on the 9-item Physician Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) indicated depression. Participants were considered to have PADL disability if they reported any of the following as “very difficult” or “cannot do”: climbing on/off the top bunk (34%), cleaning their cell (5%), hearing orders (6%), walking while wearing handcuffs (33%) or shackles (34%), standing in line for medications (4%), and walking to chow (5%). Participants were mean age 57.0±6.6 years (range 50-79 years), racially diverse (43% White, 38% Black, 19% Hispanic/Other), 69 (50%) had PADL disability, and 35 (25%) were depressed at follow-up. Using logistic regression and controlling for gender, number of chronic conditions, lifetime suicide attempt, and baseline depression, baseline PADL disability was associated with depression one year later (OR = 3.41; 95%CI = 1.16, 9.97). As depression is a strong risk factor for subsequent suicide, and given the high rate of suicide among older prisoners in the U.S., these preliminary results indicate that PADL assessment may offer a simple means of identifying older prisoners at risk of depression.

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Graham, Thomas L. Crofoot, and Kevin Corcoran. "Mental Health Screening Results for Native American and Euro-American Youth in Oregon Juvenile Justice Settings." Psychological Reports 92, no. 3_suppl (June 2003): 1053–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.92.3c.1053.

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Mental health needs of Native American youth in the Oregon juvenile justice system are compared to those of Euro-American youth. The comparison is between 109 Euro-American youth and 22 Native American youth drawn from two samples of youth adjudicated to community service and incarcerated. The youth completed a mental health history and indices of mental health and health status. Native American youth are disproportionately represented in the Oregon juvenile justice system. Mental health profiles of Native American youth reflect problems at least as severe as those of Euro-American youth, and both Native American and Euro-American youth in the juvenile justice system had profiles different from those of youth not referred for clinical services. More Native American youth .(42.5%) compared to Euro-American youth (27.5%) reported considering suicide in the past 12 months. Mental health screenings for both Native American and Euro-American youth are indicated.

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Andreescu, Raluca. "“Nobody gets out alive. This place just a big coffin”: On Death and Dying in American Prisons." American, British and Canadian Studies 29, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/abcsj-2017-0019.

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Abstract This article explores the manner in which the narratives in the Prison Noir volume (2014) edited by Joyce Carol Oates bring into view the limits and abusive practices of the American criminal justice system within the confines of one of its most secretive sites, the prison. Taking an insider’s perspective - all stories are written by award-winning former or current prisoners - the volume creates room for the usually silent voices of those incarcerated in correctional facilities throughout the United States. The article engages the effects of “prisonization” and the subsequent mortification of inmates by focusing on images of death and dying in American prisons, whether understood as a ‘social death,’ the isolation from any meaningful intercourse with society, as a ‘civil death,’ the stripping away of citizenship rights and legal protections, or as the physical termination of life as a result of illness, murder, suicide or statesponsored execution.

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Scherer, E., Z. Scherer, F. Pessoa, and N. P. Scherer. "Violence suffered by women before her incarceration: Integrative literature review." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s906—s907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1860.

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IntroductionThe complex phenomenon of violence against women is determined by gender relations that, from a historical and social construction of female and male, and the biological differences which gives unequal power between men and women. This results in increased vulnerability of women, exposing them to physical, psychological and sexual violence. The history of violence in the early life of trapped women can contribute to their involvement in crimes and misdemeanors.ObjectiveTo review the production of national and international scientific knowledge about the effects of violence on women's health before her incarceration.AimsMeet the publications about the consequences of violence on women's health before she was imprisoned.MethodIntegrative review of scientific literature to answer: “What are the implications of violence on women's health before their incarceration?” Studies of the last 5 years delimited in the databases LILACS, PUBMED and PsycInfo. Selected primary studies with women incarcerated people over 18 years, in Portuguese, English and Spanish language. Excluded studies that addressed violence inside the prison and wife as perp. An instrument for identification of studies and their categorization was used.ResultsSixteen selected articles that have addressed the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, suicide, drug abuse, sexual abuse and re-victimization (where the abuser was usually a family member or intimate partner).ConclusionThere is a lack of a specific instrument to investigate the occurrence of violence against women before being arrested. Scientific and policy initiatives are required to develop specific intervention strategies for women incarcerated victimized before prison.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Incarcerated suicide'

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