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Journal articles on the topic 'Incendiary weapons (International law)'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2025

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1

Leich, Marian Nash. "Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law." American Journal of International Law 91, no. 2 (1997): 325–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2954214.

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On January 7, 1997, President William J. Clinton transmitted to the Senate for advice and consent to ratification the following Protocols to the 1980 Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects: (A) the amended Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-traps and Other Devices, adopted at Geneva on May 3, 1996 (Protocol II, or amended Mines Protocol); (B) the Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Incendiary Weapons, adopted at Gen

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AKKUŞ, Berkant. "Legal Transplants: Applying Arms Control Frameworks to Autonomous Weapons." Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24, no. 1 (2023): 128–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.1238625.

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The Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols that regulate the law of armed conflict are insufficient to interpret autonomous weapon systems, which are among the modern weapon technologies that will be actively used by armies in the near future. This article focuses on autonomous weapon systems, which are not yet subject to regulation in terms of international law and which are still under debate with regard to prohibition in the global arena, and examines whether they can be an alternative for autonomous weapon systems by examining the regulations previously prepared on landmines, incendia

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3

Aubert, Maurice. "The International Committee of the Red Cross and the problem of excessively injurious or indiscriminate weapons." International Review of the Red Cross 30, no. 279 (1990): 477–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400200041.

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It is a truism to say that technical progress is not always beneficial to mankind because it also leads to the development of more sophisticated - i.e. more deadly - weapons. Any attempts to prohibit or restrict their use on the basis of international agreements come up against major obstacles. Even if only to ensure their own national security, States try to equip their armies with the most up-to-date weapons and, if possible, ones more sophisticated than those in a potential enemy's arsenal. But using a certain type of weapon cannot be justified if it runs counter to the general principles o

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MacLeod, I. J., and A. P. V. Rogers. "THE USE OF WHITE PHOSPHORUS AND THE LAW OF WAR." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 10 (December 2007): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s138913590700075x.

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AbstractThe controversy surrounding recent uses of white phosphorus (WP) to ‘flush-out’ suspected insurgents or in attacks against military targets in open ground has led to a renewed media interest in the legal status of WP-based munitions. An inherent public dislike for weapons that cause death or injury by fire is very natural, so one is entitled to ask whether humanity should not prevail when it comes to anti-personnel uses of such weapons. In the absence of a specific treaty dealing with the use of WP, this article, written jointly by a retired military lawyer and a scientist interested i

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Zubansky, M. "Legal restrictions in the choice of methods and means of warfare." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 78 (2023): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.78.2.28.

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The article examines legal restrictions in the choice of methods and means of waging war. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to limit and prohibit the use of certain methods and means of warfare in the modern world. The subject of the study is the legal norms that applied during armed conflicts, which limit the methods and means of waging war. The methodological basis of the research is a system of scientific methods (general, private and special) and various logical methods and tools that contribute to the knowledge of the problem. The research was carried out based on the dialecti

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Lokot, Michelle. "Challenging Sensationalism: Narratives on Rape as a Weapon of War in Syria." International Criminal Law Review 19, no. 5 (2019): 844–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01906001.

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Rape during conflict is often over-simplified and sensationalised in the accounts of international humanitarian agencies. This article suggests that such narratives on rape are connected to the way international tribunals and courts have narrowly framed the crime of rape. Limited legal constructions of rape reinforce a hierarchy where rape is seen as more worthy of protection than other forms of gender-based violence – a hierarchy that international humanitarian agencies perpetuate through their narratives on rape during conflict. Based on ethnographic accounts from Syrian women and men, this

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Parks, W. Hays. "The Protocol on Incendiary Weapons." International Review of the Red Cross 30, no. 279 (1990): 535–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400200089.

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From the time that man discovered fire and devised ways to use it as a tool for survival and advancement, it also has been employed as a weapon for destruction. Sun Tsu's The Art of War (500 B.C.) refers to incendiary arrows, while Thucydides’ The Peloponnesian War describes a flame weapon used by the Spartans in 42 B.C. Edward Gibbon, in The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, ascribes Roman success at Constantinople (1453 A.D.) to “Greek fire,” ignited naptha mixed with pitch and resin and spread upon the surface of the water. Great Britain employed Greek fire almost five centuries later a

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Tin, Derrick, Alexander Hart, Attila J. Hertelendy, and Gregory R. Ciottone. "Terrorism in Australia: A Decade of Escalating Deaths and Injuries Supporting the Need for Counter-Terrorism Medicine." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 36, no. 3 (2021): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x21000157.

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AbstractBackground:Australia is ranked 71st on the Global Terrorism Index (GTI; 2019), a scoring system of terrorist activities. While it has a relatively low terrorist risk, events globally have wide-ranging repercussions putting first responders and emergency health workers at risk. Counter-Terrorism Medicine (CTM) is rapidly emerging as a sub-specialty needed to address these threats on the front line. This study aims to provide the epidemiological context for the past decade, detailing the unique injury types responders are likely to encounter, and to develop training programs utilizing th

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Erni, John Nguyet. "War, ‘incendiary media’ and international human rights law." Media, Culture & Society 31, no. 6 (2009): 867–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443709343792.

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10

Carvin, Stephanie. "Conventional Thinking? The 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and the Politics of Legal Restraints on Weapons during the Cold War." Journal of Cold War Studies 19, no. 1 (2017): 38–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00717.

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Though largely unknown, the 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) has been successful in many areas. The treaty remains in force today and has helped to regulate many types of weapons, including landmines, incendiary weapons, and blinding laser weapons. Additionally, it has helped to clarify terms important for international legal norms, such as “unnecessary suffering” and “military necessity.” The CCW was the first treaty to regulate conventional weapons in more than 70 years. Why is this seemingly useful treaty relatively unfamiliar compared with other laws of war treaties, r

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Rosert, Elvira. "Salience and the emergence of international norms: Napalm and cluster munitions in the inhumane weapons convention." Review of International Studies 45, no. 1 (2018): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210518000232.

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AbstractThis article theorises salience – defined as the amount of attention granted to an issue – as an explanatory factor for the emergence and non-emergence of norms, and shows how salience affects existing explanations such as issue adoption by norm entrepreneurs, mobilisation, social pressure, and framing. The relevance of salience is demonstrated by exploring the question of why the norm against incendiary weapons was adopted in the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) in 1980, and why the norm against cluster munitions was not, even though both weapons were deemed particular

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Dockrill, Saki. "Nuclear weapons and international law." International Affairs 64, no. 4 (1988): 661–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2626065.

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Jr., T. G. "Biological Weapons and International Law." Science 295, no. 5564 (2002): 2325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.295.5564.2325.

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Khen, Hilly Moodrick-Even. "From Knives to Kites: Developments and Dilemmas around the Use of Force in the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict since ‘Protective Edge’." Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 10, no. 2 (2019): 303–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18781527-01002006.

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This article analyses the legal regulation of the use of force in international law in the context of three emerging Palestinian forms of struggle against Israeli occupation: the Knife Intifada, the disturbances at the border, and the launching of incendiary kites. It discusses what legal paradigms or concepts should regulate the type and level of force used in each situation – a question that is complicated by various dilemmas – and finally, appraises the Israel Defence Forces policies tailored in response. The article evaluates the applicability of two legal paradigms regulating the use of f

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Abdullah, Mohammed Mahmood, Raad Fajer Ftayh, Laith Rafea Khalaf, and Bushra Salman Husain Al-Obaidi. "Weapons of Mass Destruction and International Law." Journal of Ecohumanism 3, no. 5 (2024): 511–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i5.3920.

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Background: Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs), biological and chemical weapons – have long presented serious dangers to global security. Recognizing the catastrophic potential of these weapons, the international community has worked to build legal frameworks to prevent their spread and deployment. Objective: With an emphasis on compliance methods and enforcement techniques, this article tries to assess international law's effectiveness on WMDs critically. Methods: The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), and the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) wer

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Cassimatis, Anthony E. "International Humanitarian Law, International Human Rights Law, and Fragmentation of International Law." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 56, no. 3 (2007): 623–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei185.

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International tribunals and legal scholars have been considering the relationship between International Humanitarian Law (‘IHL’) and International Human Rights Law (‘IHRL’) for a number of years.1 The International Court of Justice famously or infamously (depending on your perspective) considered their relationship in its Nuclear Weapons Advisory Opinion in 1996.2 The Court concluded that while IHRL did apply in times of armed conflict, when it came to the prohibition of arbitrarily taking human life in Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966, the content of

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The Review. "International humanitarian law and nuclear weapons." International Review of the Red Cross 36, no. 313 (1996): 500–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002086040008493x.

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On 8 July 1996, the International Court of Justice gave its advisory opinion in response to two enquiries as to the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons. Whilst the Court did not examine in detail the request put forward by the World Health Organization, it did give very close attention to the question presented by the General Assembly:“Is the threat or use of nuclear weapons in any circumstance permitted under international law?”

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Anderberg, Bengt, and Ove Bring. "Battlefield Laser Weapons and International Law." Nordic Journal of International Law 57, no. 4 (1988): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181088x00461.

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Khawaja, Ishwah Abbas, and Jibran Jamshed. "Unmasking The Shadows: International Humanitarian Law (IHL) And Evolving Prohibition of Biological Weapons." Journal of Law & Social Studies 6, no. 2 (2024): 108–15. https://doi.org/10.52279/jlss.06.02.108115.

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Given the ever-changing characteristics of biological weapons and the potentially catastrophic outcomes they might cause, it is imperative to regularly revise and update the legislation. This paper investigates the complex relationship between International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and the developing prohibition on biological weapons. The main objective of this essay is to thoroughly examine the conflict that arises between international humanitarian law (IHL) and the increasing understanding of biological weapons. The author highlights the impact of the advancement of more powerful and varied w

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Winter, Elliot. "The Compatibility of Autonomous Weapons with the Principles of International Humanitarian Law." Journal of Conflict and Security Law 27, no. 1 (2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krac001.

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Abstract The emergence of autonomous weapons remains a hot topic in international humanitarian law. Much has been said by States, international organisations, non-governmental organisations and academics on the matter in recent years. However, no agreement has been reached on how best to regulate this nascent technology. In the absence of any such agreement, the best approach is to analyse autonomous weapons through the lens of the principles of international humanitarian law. After humanity and military necessity are debunked as false principles, this article tests the compatibility of autono

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G. Robison, Stephen. "Legality of Non-kinetic ASAT Weapons: A US Perspective on How Technology Outpaces Law." Air and Space Law 47, Issue 4/5 (2022): 491–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2022026.

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Satellite vulnerability increases with every technological development. While these advancements are extraordinary, they also threaten the global economy through Anti-Satellite (ASAT) weapons. Many articles have been presented to show that a kinetic ASAT weapon is illegal under the current international law, but the analysis used fails to capture all ASAT weapons. The ambiguity and vagueness of the current laws and regulations in the Outer Space Treaty, the Constitution of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and Customary International Law (CIL) all fail to adequately safeguard sa

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Yeremyan, A., and L. Yeremyan. "International Law Issues of Cyber Defense." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 2 (July 6, 2022): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2022-2-85-100.

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INTRODUCTION. The world has many times faced cardinal changes triggered by technological development. Creation of the Internet and the emergence of the artiﬁcial intelligence have become the major trend of the ongoing changes with the signiﬁ-cant potential to aﬀect all spheres of live, including the military aﬀairs and the geopolitical phenomena in general. In this paper, in particular, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of the rapid technological development in the defense sector in the context of globalization. The pace and the nature of changes in defense dictate the necessity to a

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Les, I. "The legality of the use of nuclear weapons in international law." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 79 (2023): 334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.79.2.52.

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After the Second World War, the views of some military leaders on the use of nuclear weapons changed dramatically. Previously, the use of nuclear weapons was considered an incredible fact. In the minds of many, this view has been replaced by the notion that limited nuclear war is possible and winnable. Such a mentality raises a fundamental question: does any use of nuclear weapons have priority under international law. Although there is no international convention that expressly prohibits the use of nuclear weapons, the consequences of the use of any weapon are governed by numerous conve

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Hanson, Elizabeth Crump. "Biotechnology, International Law, and the National Interest." Politics and the Life Sciences 9, no. 1 (1990): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400010273.

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On November 25, 1969 Richard Nixon announced that because of the “massive, unpredictable, and potentially uncontrollable consequences” of biological weapons, the United States would never use these weapons, would destroy all existing stocks, and would confine its research to strictly defined measures of defense (Harris, 1987:193). This unilateral renunciation followed an extensive review by the National Security Council of U.S. chemical and biological warfare policy, which lasted six months and involved every relevant agency in the U.S. government and which concluded that U.S. biological warfa

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Drygina, A. A. "Human Rights: The Role of International Custom in Regulating the Use of Non-Lethal Weapons." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 2 (July 21, 2025): 113–32. https://doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2025-2-113-132.

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INTRODUCTION. If in wartime the use of non-lethal weapons as a means of warfare is regulated by conventions and customs, in the context of law enforcement, the requirements related to these kinds of weapons are mainly reflected in acts of "soft law" (standards, recommendations, guidelines). Often, due to the “soft” nature of these norms, they do not provide adequate legal regulation for non-lethal weapons, while human rights organisations have repeatedly pointed out that the use of non-lethal weapons in law enforcement can be indiscriminate and lethal. The question arises: are there mandatory

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Buolagh, Mahmud, and Habib Zuori. "Analysis of Criminal Responsibility of Users of Chemical Weapons in International Documents." Modern Applied Science 11, no. 2 (2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v11n2p87.

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The article is written entitled "Analysis of criminal responsibility of the users of chemical weapons". The issue of chemical weapons and criminal responsibility of users of this weapon is very important because countries like Iran starting a war of aggression and invasion against violations of humanitarian law, international criminal is not considered responsibility for the instigators of war. This study aimed to explore international responsibility of individuals and legal assign and use of chemical weapons and the role of domestic law in support of victims of such weapons has been developed

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Bobi Ardiansyah. "Legality of the Use of Autonomous Weapons Systems in International Humanitarian Law." Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 5, no. 4 (2025): 2596–605. https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i4.1575.

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Along with the development of the era, the world of weapons has increased until a system called Autonomous Weapons Systems was created which allows weapons to be able to determine and take action completely without human intervention. Autonomous Weapons Systems are feared to violate International Humanitarian Law. This study uses a normative legal research method that refers to positive law to be able to analyze a problem being studied, especially in the realm of international humanitarian law. This research was conducted with a literature study, where the author examines several legal materia

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Clark, Roger S. "Building on Article 8(2)(b)(xx) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Weapons and Methods of Warfare." New Criminal Law Review 12, no. 3 (2009): 366–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2009.12.3.366.

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Article 8(2)(b) of the Rome Statute treats as a war crime in international armed conflict the use of poison or poisoned weapons, of asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases, and of expanding bullets. Early drafts of the Statute included the use of these forbidden weapons in non-international as well as in international armed conflict. They also included as crimes the use of chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons (weapons of mass destruction). Proposals are circulating about revisiting these and other weapons issues at the Review Conference to be held in 2010, or in later reviews. This article

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Crawford, James. "International Law and the Problem of Change: A Tale of Two Conventions." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 49, no. 4 (2018): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v49i4.5335.

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Extensive efforts have been made in the modern period to suppress the possession and use of both chemical and nuclear weapons. However, progress towards the abolition of these two types of weapons presents a rather sharp contrast, as this case study shows. In this article the conventional prohibitions on the possession and use of these weapons are outlined, including the recent Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons of 2017. This Treaty prohibits the possession and use of nuclear weapons but it has not been (and likely will not be) ratified by any of the States that possess nuclear weapo

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Ivanov, D. V., A. M. Korzhenyak, and E. S. Lapikhina. "Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Law." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 3 (October 9, 2021): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2021-3-6-19.

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INTRODUCTION. This research paper presents the authors view on the essence of the problems of modern international law regulation of lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS) and international arms circulation. The authors dwell upon various aspects of new technologies in the field of creating LAWS, outline the prospects for the solution of the current challenges, as well as give a legal assessment of the legality of new types of weapons, methods and means of warfare from the perspective of contemporary international law. The system and mechanisms of international law regulation of the military

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Anderberg, Bengt, Ove E. Bring, and Myron L. Wolbarsht. "Blinding Laser Weapons and International Humanitarian Law." Journal of Peace Research 29, no. 3 (1992): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343392029003005.

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Dremliuga, Roman. "General Legal Limits of the Application of the Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems within the Purview of International Humanitarian Law." Journal of Politics and Law 13, no. 2 (2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n2p115.

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This article focuses on the problem of regulation of the application of the autonomous weapons systems from the perspective of the norms and principles of international humanitarian law. The article discusses the question of what restrictions are imposed on the application of such weapons in the international humanitarian law. The article presents a number of principles that must be met by both the weapons and their method of their application: distinction between civilians and combatants, military necessity, proportionality, prohibition on causing unnecessary suffering, and humanity. &#

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Islam, Mohammad Saidul. "Contemporary technological development and challenges to the international humanitarian law." IIUC Studies 13 (July 29, 2018): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v13i0.37646.

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International Humanitarian Law (IHL), is an important branch of the public international law, it does not speak about the lawfulness of armed conflict, it seeks instead to protect the civilians and hors de combats through imposing limitation to the freedom of the choice of the weapons and strategies of warfare. The development of science and technology has significantly changed the nature of weapons and war strategies and complicated the implementation of IHL. This article describes the technologically developed new weapons and methods which are randomly used in the contemporary armed conflict

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Khan, Muhammad Sohail, Ilyas Khan, and Muhammad Ahmer Ali. "The Status of Autonomous Weapon in International Humanitarian Law: Implications, Issues and Recommendations." Journal of Law & Social Studies 4, no. 4 (2022): 503–13. https://doi.org/10.52279/jlss.04.04.503513.

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The use of Autonomous Weapons System (hereinafter AWS) in modern warfare poses serious threats to the survival of humankind. Autonomous Weapons System are types of weapons which do not need any human command or control and it can attack and kill anyone coming in its way regardless of that person’s status. Autonomous Weapons System can also use disproportionate force against civilians and enemy combatants. This research focuses on the usage of Autonomous Weapons System in modern warfare. Qualitative and analytical methodology is deployed to critique the use of Autonomous Weapons System during a

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Niyitunga, Eric Blanco. "Armed drones and international humanitarian law." Digital Policy Studies 1, no. 2 (2023): 18–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/dps.v1i2.2278.

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The militarisation of Artificial Intelligence Diplomacy has resulted in the development of heavy weapons that are more powerful than traditional weaponry, fail to distinguish between civilians and combatants, and cause unnecessary suffering. Superpowers and middle powers have made significant investments in digital technologies, resulting in the production of digital weapons that violate international humanitarian law and human rights standards, and complicate the achievement of global peace. Armed drones and militarised robots cause unnecessary pain and suffering to helpless civilians. These

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Qajarkohestani, Mohammad Kazem, Fakhruddin Abuieh, and Ahmad Reza Behniafar. "Production and Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons from the Perspective of International Law." Comparative Studies in Jurisprudence, Law, and Politics 6, no. 2 (2024): 298–313. https://doi.org/10.61838/csjlp.6.2.18.

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The nuclear weapon, as the latest technological achievement of humankind in the field of armaments, is the most destructive military tool ever created. The intensity of its effects is incomparable to other weapons of mass destruction. This weapon is far more dangerous and terrifying than biological and chemical weapons, which are also classified as weapons of mass destruction. Despite the devastating consequences and unbearable suffering caused by biological and chemical weapons, the level of fear and public apprehension toward nuclear weapons is unparalleled. The present study aims to answer

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Les, Iryna. "The obligation to conduct and conclude negotiations aimed at nuclear disarmament as a custom in international law." Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine, no. 4(45) (February 19, 2024): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.37566/2707-6849-2023-4(45)-8.

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The article explores the international legal foundations of the obligation to conduct and conclude negotiations aimed at nuclear disarmament as a custom in international law. The purpose of the article is to analyze the international legal foundations of the obligation to conduct and conclude negotiations aimed at nuclear disarmament as a custom in international law. Without any pretensions to exhaustiveness, the research we propose reveals in the paper a study of the main trends in international practice regarding the existence in general international law of the obligation to pursue and comp

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Maresca, Louis, and Eleanor Mitchell. "The human costs and legal consequences of nuclear weapons under international humanitarian law." International Review of the Red Cross 97, no. 899 (2015): 621–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383116000291.

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AbstractThe potential use of nuclear weapons has long been a global concern. This article highlights the principal rules of international humanitarian law (IHL) governing the conduct of hostilities applicable to nuclear weapons, and the issues and concerns that would arise were such weapons ever to be used again, in particular the severe and extensive consequences for civilians, civilian objects, combatants and the environment.In recent years, increased attention has been paid to the humanitarian consequences of nuclear weapons. Based on what has been learned from extensive research on the hum

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Zhang, Zezhong. "The International Law Dilemma of Autonomous Weapon System." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 57, no. 1 (2024): None. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/57/20240091.

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This paper aims to highlight the potential for serious humanitarian disasters caused by the rapid development of autonomous weapons systems, as they are currently unable to fully grasp the ability to analyze their targets and clearly distinguish between combatants and military targets due to current technological limitations. There is also controversy over whether autonomous weapons systems are combatants, and there is a certain degree of regulatory deficiencies in the field of international law. Existing international treaties are unable to perfectly regulate autonomous weapons systems and pu

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Tomljenović, Marija. "Svjetla budućnost za nuklearno razoružanje ili utopija?: Pravna ocjena Ugovora o zabrani nuklearnog oružja iz 2017. i njegov odnos s Ugovorom o neširenju nuklearnog oružja iz 1968." Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Zagrebu 73, no. 5 (2023): 985–1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.73.5.06.

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The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons is the first universal international treaty that stipulates the prohibition of nuclear weapons and as such represents a major contribution to international law in the field of nuclear disarmament. The main purpose and goal of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons is the complete elimination of nuclear weapons. States that are parties to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons belong to the group that does not possess nuclear weapons, and in relation to them, compliance with the rules and fulfilment of the obligations prescrib

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Nnamdi, Nmesoma, Bolanle Oluwakemi Eniola, and Babalola Abegunde. "Examining Lethal Autonomous Weapons through the Lens of International Humanitarian Law." Scholars International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 6, no. 06 (2023): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2023.v06i06.001.

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Technological growth and advancement, coupled with the advent and expansion of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, has brought about the invention of products that facilitate and enhance human life. Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning have permeated virtually all sectors of the world and have received both positive and negative feedbacks. Undoubtedly, the human race is yet to keep up with the accelerating expansion of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Artificial Intelligence being a subset of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is packed with enormous benefits which shall be accrued to par

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Herby, Peter. "Arms transfers, humanitarian assistance and international humanitarian law." International Review of the Red Cross 38, no. 325 (1998): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400091567.

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The International Committee of the Red Cross has witnessed in its work for war victims throughout the world the increasingly devastating effects for civilian populations of the proliferation of weapons, particularly small arms. The difficulties of providing humanitarian assistance in an environment where arms have become widely available to many segments of society are well known to most humanitarian relief agencies today. However, until recently the relationships between the availability of weapons, the worsening situation of civilians during and after conflict and the challenges of providing

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Poole, Bryce G. "Against the Nuclear Option: Planetary Defence Under International Space Law." Air and Space Law 45, Issue 1 (2020): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2020004.

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States have grown increasingly concerned with the risk of a meteor or comet impact. Some States and international law scholars advocate using a nuclear weapon to destroy or deflect an incoming space object. This article argues that the use of nuclear weapons for planetary defence purposes is legally dubious. Planetary defence, nuclear weapons, international treaties, customary international law, non-proliferation

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Luo, Wei. "Research Guide to Export Control and WMD Nonproliferation Law." International Journal of Legal Information 35, no. 3 (2007): 447–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500002468.

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After World War II, the non-proliferation of weapons of massive destruction (WMD) and the export controls of conventional weapons and civilian and military dual use technologies have been one of the most important focal point of international cooperation. Many international treaties have been signed and the international organizations have been established to promote these non-proliferation and export control efforts. The industrialized countries and the developing countries of China, India, and Pakistan that possess nuclear weapons and missile technologies have also enacted domestic laws and

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Fidler, David P. "The meaning of Moscow: “Non-lethal” weapons and international law in the early 21st century." International Review of the Red Cross 87, no. 859 (2005): 525–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383100184371.

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AbstractAt the intersection of new weapon technologies and international humanitarian law, so-called “non-lethal” weapons have become an area of particular interest. This article analyses the relationship between “non-lethal” weapons and international law in the early 21st century by focusing on the most seminal incident to date in the short history of the “non-lethal” weapons debate, the use of an incapacitating chemical to end a terrorist attack on a Moscow theatre in October 2002. This tragic incident has shown that rapid technological change will continue to stress international law on the

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Neff, Stephen C. "I. International Law and Nuclear Weapons in Scottish Courts." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 51, no. 1 (2002): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/51.1.171.

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Britain's Trident nuclear missile programme has long been politically controversial. In 1999, the controversy entered the judicial arena in Scotland, in two cases involving ‘direct action’ against Trident installations by anti-nuclear activists. In both cases, the actions were intended not as protests against Britain's nuclear-weapons policy, but rather as actual operations to disable the weapons themselves. The acts were, in other words, in the nature of acts of sabotage. Both incidents led to criminal prosecutions. In both cases, the accused parties sought to use international law as a defen

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Solomon, Steven A. "The United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons of 1980: its recent development and increasing significance." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 6 (December 2003): 345–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1389135900001379.

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Efforts to regulate warfare, including the use of particular weapons, have a long history, dating back, according to some scholars, thousands of years. But international codification of the rules of war in binding multilateral legal instruments only began in the second half of the nineteenth century. Among the first such efforts was one devoted to the prohibition of the use of a particular weapon in wartime. The St. Petersburg Declaration of 1868 on exploding bullets banned the use of explosive projectiles under 400 grammes in weight and is generally recognised as constituting the first signif

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Hoffberger-Pippan, Elisabeth. "Amoroso, Daniele: Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Law." Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht / Heidelberg Journal of International Law 81, no. 3 (2021): 873–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/0044-2348-2021-3-873.

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Granoff, Dean, and Jonathan Granoff. "International humanitarian law and nuclear weapons: Irreconcilable differences." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 67, no. 6 (2011): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096340211426360.

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Aggarwal, Lalit K., and William M. Evan. "A SURVEY ON NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW." Peace & Change 15, no. 2 (1990): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0130.1990.tb00548.x.

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