Dissertations / Theses: 'Incentives in industry – Zimbabwe'

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Cleaver, Frances. "Community management of rural water supplies in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321023.

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Moyo, Admire. "The effects of hyperinflation on the Zimbabwean construction industry." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1197.

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Less than two decades ago, Zimbabwe was a symbol for the rest of the world of what Africa could become (Dell, 2005). DiSilvio (2007) contends that independent Zimbabwe was an economic success on route to attaining status of the most “developed country” in Africa. Contrary to expectations, by 2003 the Zimbabwean economy was shrinking faster than any other economy in the world at 18 percent per year (Richardson, 2005). Reports indicate that the Zimbabwean economy is in crisis and has since been set back by more than 50 years (Matikinye, 2005). This phenomenon necessitated the need for an investigation to ascertain its cause in Zimbabwe. As a result, the research identifies and presents hyperinflation as the root cause of the crisis in Zimbabwe and illustrates the validity of this assertion with a focus on the Zimbabwean construction industry. As part of the research inquiry, a review of related literature was conducted. The literature review illustrated the generic effects of hyperinflation as well as the effects of this phenomenon in action in Zimbabwe. The literature study was followed by a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was completed by 23 contractors and 7 clients from a census of contractors and clients in Zimbabwe. The questionnaire consisted of a number of variables, which the respondents were asked to rate vis-à-vis the effects of hyperinflation in the construction industry. In summary, the questionnaire sought to determine the causes of hyperinflation in Zimbabwe, its specific effects on the construction industry and how respondents thought the phenomenon could be mitigated so as to revive the Zimbabwean construction industry. The techniques of re-scaling, in conjunction with descriptive and inferential statistics, ranking and quadrant analysis were applied to the data. Results from these analyses revealed a high degree of agreement among respondents vis-à-vis the effects of hyperinflation on the Zimbabwean construction industry. The interpretation of the results further revealed that hyperinflation has undoubtedly led to the collapse of the Zimbabwean construction industry. In conclusion, the research, applying the interpretations of v the survey findings, prescribes a number of ways in which the Zimbabwean construction sector may be resurrected. Among the recommended prescriptions, there are a number of debatable issues that arise that the researcher proposes should be subject to future study.

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Maredza, Andrew. "Profit incentives and technical efficiency in the provision of health care in Zimbabwe: an application of data envelopment analysis and econometric methods." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/294.

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This study examines issues surrounding efficiency in the Zimbabwean health sector with specific emphasis on for-profit hospitals in order to find out whether they are significantly more efficient than non-profit hospitals. The study attempts to explore the significance of profit incentives on efficiency. This study uses the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology to examine hospital efficiency scores for the 100 hospitals in the sample classified as for-profit, mission and public. Outputs of the study include inpatient days and outpatient visits. The number of beds, doctors and nurses were used to capture hospital inputs. The findings indicated that there was a marked deviation of efficiency scores from the best practice frontier with for-profit hospitals having the highest mean PTE of 71.1 percent. The mean PTE scores for mission and public hospitals were 64.8 percent and 62.6 percent respectively. About 85 percent, 83 percent and 91 percent of the for-profit, mission and public hospitals were found to be operating below their average PTE. More than half of the hospitals are being run inefficiently. Of more importance to this study is the fact that the hypothesis of for-profit hospital superiority was accepted implying that for profit hospitals are significantly more efficient than the non-profit category. The study indicated that the amount of inputs being used could be decreased substantially without decreasing the quantity of outputs achieved. In each of the hospitals included in the study, the total input reductions needed to make inefficient hospitals efficient are more than 50 percent. These input savings could go a long way in achieving other health concerns without mobilizing additional resources in the sector

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Zhang, Yanren. "Essays on incentives in family firms." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=192157.

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This thesis consists of one literature review and three self-contained essays that discuss management transfers, work incentives and age structures in family firms. In the literature review, I summarize and structure recent studies on management transfer in family firms. The first essay focuses on the incentive effects of age structure in a single firm, and argues that compressed age structures are negatively related to firm performance, which provides a mechanism that causes the underperformance of dynastic management. In the second essay, I extend the single-firm analysis to a multi-firm scenario and find children prefer to work for their own family if the age gap between levels is large. Otherwise, they leave and work for other families. As a result, increased life expectancy leads to the separation between ownership and management, and family-managed firms have more compressed age structures than their professionally managed counterparts. In the third and final essay, I study the issue of self-enforcement in promotion tournaments and find organizations using rank-order contracts may still act opportunistically even when there exists no agency problem between owners and managers. Furthermore, both the wage-seniority profile and governance structure determine the credibility of rank-order contracts, which provides an alternative rationale for returns to seniority and underperformance of dynastic management.

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Gibney, Laura (Laura Margaret). "Limitations of a state-initiated and controlled system of worker participation in industry : the Zimbabwean example." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65488.

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Domingues, Gabriela Bertol. "Essays on incentives and risk-taking in the fund industry." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/437/.

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The first paper of this thesis uses a unique data set to assess the determinants of inflows and outflows in the fund industry. The higher frequency of the data allows to examine whether recent past performance affects the flow-performance relation. I find that the latter is concave for the worst-performing funds and convex for the best-performing funds. This is in stark contrast to previous studies in the literature that document a strict convex relationship. The disaggregation by inflows and outflows further indicates that the concavity is mainly due to outflows, which react much quicker to bad performance than previously assumed, whereas the convexity is driven by inflows. Finally, I also compare how the type of client affects the flow- performance relationship. I show that investors deemed less sophisticated care more about short-term performance than other investors, and more about raw returns than risk-adjusted returns. The second paper investigates how funds shift risk as a function of past performance. In contrast to the literature, I manage to disentangle the implicit incentive generated by the flow-performance relationship from the direct incentive generated by the portfolio manager remuneration contract. Identification is only possible because I focus on funds that pay bonus every six months instead of every year. I show not only that contracts have an asymmetric effect on risk, but also that the tournament within the fund family is the main driver of risk shifting. This is consistent with families actively engaging in the tournament by transferring not only performance, as suggested by the literature, but also risk from their worst- to their best-performing funds. The last paper is joint with Pedro A. Saffi and uses a data set of Brazilian hedge funds holdings to examine the impact of long and short positions on performance. In particular, we test if changes in long/short positions and their risk can forecast future performance. While we find that funds with large increases in the risk of long-only positions risk relative to the previous 24 months underperform by about 3% per year on average, those that increase the risk of short-only positions overperform their peers by about 1% a year on average, net of fees. Neither monthly changes of long nor short positions can forecast next month’s abnormal returns.

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Kaggwa, Martin. "Modelling South Africa's incentives under the Motor Industry Development Programme." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04072009-203959/.

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Wu, Xiaohua Sherry. "Innovation incentives and competition in the hard disk drive industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69479.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-53).
Firms in the hard disk drive industry are continually engaging in R & D and improving the quality of their products. We explore various determinants of the product innovation incentives for firms concerned with both their static and expected future profitability. We estimate the observed innovation outcomes as a function of market condition variables which have significant impact on innovation decisions. In addition, we estimate logit utilities that describe the marginal willingness to pay for quality improvements. One aspect of utility is that the willingness to pay for faster access time to data may be initially low but increases over time. The firms' decisions to introduce faster access time are partly motivated by dynamic considerations.
by Xiaohua Sherry Wu.
S.M.

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Matemba, Edward. "Adverse welfare effects of regulations on small tobacco exporters: the case of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Regulations to reduce the consumption of tobacco products have dual effects on economies. Economies that are net consumers of tobacco products experience welfare enhancing effects as a result of these regulations. However, these regulations can have adverse welfare effects among net producing economies. Many studies have explored these welfare effects on net consuming economies, whereas the impacts among net producing economies have been neglected. This research paper examined the adverse welfare effects of smoking regulations on small tobacco exporting economies with, a comparative advantage in tobacco production.

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Simbi, Joseph. "Levels of selected gaseous pollutants in ambient air in the vicinity of a chemical industry, Kwekwe, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2015.

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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.
The integrity of natural air has been compromised due to the deposition of chemical, biological and particulate substances from natural and anthropogenic sources. Adverse health consequences arising from the exposure of plants, animals and human to elevated atmospheric concentrations have been reported severally. The ambient baseline levels of many air contaminants in urban and industrial layouts of many Africa cities, especially Zimbabwe have not been fully characterized. Information on levels of these contaminants and their real time variability is therefore scarce and scanty. In this study, the ambient air concentration levels of selected gaseous pollutants in the vicinity of a fertilizer production facility in Zimbabwe were investigated. Nine sampling stations were systematically and randomly identified for the measurement of selected air pollutants (SO2, NO2, and NH3) the fertilizer production factory to capture air quality data on all wind directions. The electrochemical Drager Sensors which rely on electrochemical measuring transducer for measuring concentration of gases under atmospheric conditions was used for the measurement of NH3, SO2, and NO2. The ambient air monitored was allowed to diffuse through a membrane into the sensor liquid electrolytes, containing a sensing electrode, a counter electrode, a reference electrode, and an electronic potentiostat-circuit which ensures constant electrical voltage between the sensing electrode and the reference electrode. The flow of electrons, generated by the reaction is proportional to the concentration of the measured gas. The observed concentrations of NH3, SO2, and NO2 measured within and around the study site were very variable. Levels of NH3 ranged between 0.36 - 7.36 ppm; corresponding values for SO2 and NO2 were 0.02 - 84.61 ppm and 0.61 - 34.78 ppm respectively. These concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than measured (NH3; 0.01 - 0.05 ppm: SO2; 0.03 - 0.18 ppm: NO2; 0.17 - 1.30 ppm) at the control sampling station about 5 km from the industry. Isokinetic and dissipation of the measured gases, governed by the processes of molecular diffusion and convection, confirmed a common pattern of distance dissipation. Thus, the cloud concentrations of NH3, SO2, and NO2 within the facility were higher than observed distances away from the fertilizer factory.
Zimbabwe Presidential Scholarship

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Mowat, Shaun Phillip. "Economic incentives in controlling pollution in the South African leather industry." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002745.

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The objective of the research was to ascertain whether, when compared to a system'of standards, the theoretical promise that economic incentives offered as a low cost solution to the abatement problem, would hold in practice. This was done by applying environmental economic theory to the practical problem of controlling the effluent generated by firms in the South African leather industry. It was found that in this instance the theory did indeed hold in practice. Furthermore, it was found that of the incentives discussed by the theory, marketable permits were the most economically efficient. It was however shown that a charge - not discussed in the ., theory - based on a central treatment agency's (CTA) cost of treatment offered the least cost solution to the abatement problem when the CTA could do at least some of the effluent treatment at a lower cost than the firms. - In addition a formula was developed to show the net benefits accruing to an individual firm if it undertook to treat its effluent. It was shown that in order to maximise the total benefits of treatment, a firm should treat until its net benefits of treatment were zero. A number of problem however were found to exist when the theory was applied to a practical situation. The most important was the "stepped" nature of the firms marginal abatement cost curves which meant that the setting of a charge based on a trial and error method would prove to be more difficult than the theory envisaged. Furthermore, it meant that no matter what method of pollution control was used, it would prove i~possible to reduce effluent to an optimal level. It was recommended that greater use be made of economic incentives to control all industrial effluent. It would nonetheless be necessary to do more research in this field as the theory was not tailor made for all practical situations. Further evidence of the viability of economic incentives could however encourage wider use by policy makers.

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Farren, Sean Michael. "An evaluation of whether the management practices of four companies (representing the printing industry in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe) have affected their profitability and success in the period 2003-2004." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007926.

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Nohria, Joyce and Roberson, a trio of academics in the United States, wrote an article in the July issue of the Harvard Business Review in 2003 entitled "What Really Works". For several years they had studied the management practices of 160 companies in the United States with a view to determining what made certain companies consistently successful. They found that the most profitable companies in their study were not successful because they utilised the latest management tools and techniques, but rather that they had a strong grasp of business basics. Companies outperformed their industrial peers, because they excelled at what they called the four primary management practices - Strategy, Execution, Culture and Structure. These practices were supplemented by a proficiency in any two out of four secondary practices - Talent, Innovation, Leadership and Mergers and Partnerships. They called this winning combination the 4 + 2 Formula for business success. The purpose of this thesis is to determine whether competence in these management practices applies in the Third World. The study will concentrate on four companies representing the printing industry in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Zimbabwean companies are faced with a number of unusual obstacles that do not exist in First World free market economies. This study will attempt to examine the nature of the obstacles faced and how each company deals with them. It will determine whether the management practices outlined by Nohria et ai, are valued to the same degree in the Zimbabwean context, and how far they contribute to profitability.Because of the pace of change in Zimbabwe, the research will focus on the period 2003 - 2004 and evaluate another management practice - change management. The forces of change can often be so radically negative, that if companies are not adequately prepared, they may face imminent collapse. Change management, the process of anticipating, reacting to and driving forces of change, has become a vital competency. Without it, the prospects of profitability and success in the Zimbabwean environment are slim. For this reason, this management practice will be given the same focus as those eight discussed by Nohria et al.

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Wang, Kang. "Engaging business with environmental change : an analysis of impediments and incentives in Chinese textile industry /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3508537X.

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Webb, Kernaghan R. "The legal framework for financial incentives to the Canadian mining exploration industry." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6017.

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Cadman, Brian. "Executive equity divestitures and option granting patterns /." view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3181087.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-75). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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McDaniel, Sarah Curran Hyten Cloyd. "Analyzing the effects of a performance pay plan on manager performance in an accounting firm." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3641.

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Jung-Senssfelder, Karoline. "Equity financing and covenants in venture capital : an augmented contracting approach to optimal German contract design /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2005. https://www.lib.umn.edu/slog.phtml?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=134354.

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Zhira, Pardon. "An analysis of the business response to HIV/AIDS in the catering industry in Zimbabwe : a case study for organisations affiliated to the National Employment Council for the catering industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86209.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The catering industry by its constituent membership of hotels, restaurants, lodges, bars, night clubs, takeaways and every tourist activity is susceptible and vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. This study analysed the business response to HIV/AIDS by establishments in the catering industry in Zimbabwe. The case study focused on establishments in Harare using a questionnaire with both open-ended and closed questions for data collection. The results of the study acknowledged the impact of HIV/AIDS on human resources capital and the business. The study also highlighted the need to conduct an assessment of the status of HIV/AIDS in the industry and its impact on both people and business. The epidemic was also acknowledged as a threat to the industry (both workforce and the business)hence the need for business response. However, the study revealed that the current business response was very minimal, erratic and uncoordinated. The study also highlighted the discriminatory practices in the catering industry especially in the treatment of persons infected with HIV. The study revealed the urgent need to put in place effective response to mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS in the catering industry. Recommendations have been made to address HIV/AIDS in the workplace.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal tot watter mate die voedselverskaffingsindustrie in Zimbabwe as besigheid gereageer het teenoor MIV/Vigs en wat hulle besigheidsrespons was. Resultate van die studie dui aan dat hierdie besigheidsektor wel erkenning gee aan die negatiewe impak wat MIV/Vigs op menslike hulpbronne . MIV/Vigs word as ‘n bedreiging erken en die negatiewe impak daarvan op besighede word deeglik besef. Die studie dui egter ook aan dat die huidige respons van die voedselverskaffingsektor minimaal, ongereeld en ongekoordineerd is. Die studie wys ook daarop dat daar nog steeds baie hoogs-diskriminerende praktyke binne die industrie bestaan, veral ten opsigte van pasiënte wat tans op behandeling is vir MIV-verwante siektetoestande. Die studie wys op die noodsaaklikheid van ‘n doeltreffende besigheidsrepons binne die voedselverskaffingsindustrie en voorstelle word gemaak vir die beter bestuur van MIV/Vigs binne hierdie bedryfsektor.

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Wang, Kang, and 王康. "Engaging business with environmental change: an analysis of impediments and incentives in Chinese textileindustry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45014413.

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Caliskan, Demirag Ozgun. "Demand Management in Decentralized Logistics Systems and Supply Chains." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16185.

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We analyze issues arising from demand management in decentralized decision-making environments. We consider logistics systems and supply chains, where companies' operations are handled with independent entities whose decisions affect the performance of the overall system. In the first study, we focus on a logistics system in the sea cargo industry, where demand is booked by independent sales agents, and the agents' capacity limits and sales incentives are determined by a central headquarters. We develop models for the central headquarters to analyze and optimize capacity allocation and sales incentives to improve the performance of the decentralized system. We use network flow problems to incorporate agent behavior in our models, and we link these individual problems through an overall optimization problem that determines the capacity limits. We prove a worst-case bound on the decentralized system performance and show that the choice of sales incentive impacts the performance. In the second study, we focus on supply chains in the automotive industry, where decentralization occurs as a result of the non-direct sales channels of the auto manufacturers. Auto manufacturers can affect their demand through sales promotions. We use a game theoretical model to examine the impact of retailer incentive and customer rebate promotions on the manufacturer's pricing and the retailer's ordering/sales decisions. We consider several models with different demand characteristics and information asymmetry between the manufacturer and a price discriminating retailer. We characterize the subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium decisions and determine which promotion would benefit the manufacturer under which market conditions. We find that the retailer incentives are preferred when demand is known. On the other hand, when demand is highly uncertain the manufacturer is better off with customer rebates. We extend this research by analyzing a competitive setting with two manufacturers and two retailers, where the manufacturers' promotions vary between retailer incentives and customer rebates. We find an equilibrium outcome where customer rebates reduce the competitor's profits to zero. We observe in numerical examples that the manufacturers are able to increase their sales and profits with retailer incentives, although this can be at the expense of the retailers' profits under some situations.

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Alvarran, Dominic T. "Realigining contract incentives for the non-competititive environment of the US shipbuilding industry." Thesis, Cambridge, Massachussetts, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/40209.

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CIVINS
It is suspected that the lack of commercial shipbuilding available in the US resulting in the consolidation of the US shipbuilding industry as a whole limits the negotiating capacity for the US Navy and promotes suboptimal contracts that continuously produce major cost and production time overruns. Several incentives and contracting strategies are explored to better incentivize, through formal and informal means, the best value for the Navy in the production of large ships. These methods mainly include a sharper focus within the contracts on the scale and alignment of incentives. Some incentives in use in current contracts were found to be counterproductive to the goals of reduced cost, timeliness and quality because of the disproportionate scaling of one goal's incentive over the others. Once the shareline incentive is lost as in the LPD 17 program, there is much less of a need for the shipbuilder to control costs. Also, a redirection of resources spent on smaller incentives in order to increase larger incentives such as larger order quantitites is suggested. These improvements, however, might only lead to a marginal effect in contract efficiency at best. In order to produce a larger effect, the competitive base in the shipbuilding industry must be increased. This increase in the competitive base is possible through a large capital investment into an existing tier 2 shipyard in order to increase its production capabilities to a tier 1 shipyard.

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Cho, Joungill. "Effective use of customized incentives for trust-building in the online financial industry /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004233.

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Alvarran, Dominic T. (Dominic Thomas). "Realigning contract incentives for the non-competitive environment of the US shipbuilding industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82300.

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Thesis (Nav. E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.
"June 2013." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-81).
It is suspected that the lack of commercial shipbuilding available in the US resulting in the consolidation of the US shipbuilding industry as a whole limits the negotiating capacity for the US Navy and promotes suboptimal contracts that continuously produce major cost and production time overruns. Several incentives and contracting strategies are explored to better incentivize, through formal and informal means, the best value for the Navy in the production of large ships. These methods mainly include a sharper focus within the contracts on the scale and alignment of incentives. Some incentives in use in current contracts were found to be counterproductive to the goals of reduced cost, timeliness, and quality because of the disproportionate scaling of one goal's incentive over the others. Once the share-line incentive is lost as in the LPD 17 program, there is much less of a need for the shipbuilder to control costs. Also, a redirection of resources spent on smaller incentives in order to increase larger incentives such as larger order quantities is suggested. These improvements, however, might only lead to a marginal effect in contract efficiency at best. In order to produce a larger effect, the competitive base in the shipbuilding industry must be increased. This increase in the competitive base is possible through a large capital investment into an existing tier 2 shipyard in order to increase its production capabilities to the level of a tier 1 shipyard.
by Dominic T. Alvarran.
Nav.E.

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Fu, Yu. "Tapping the Potential of Sports: Incentives in China’s Reformation of the Sports Industry." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1609.

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Since the 2010s, China’s sports industry has undergone comprehensive reforms. This paper attempts to understand this change of direction from the central state’s perspective. By examining the dynamics of the basketball and soccer markets, it discovers that while the deregulation of basketball is a result of persistent bottom-up effort from the private sector, the recentralization of soccer is a state-led policy change. Notwithstanding the different nature and routes between these reforms, in both sectors, the state’s aim is to restore and strengthen its legitimacy within the society. Amidst China’s economic stagnation, the regime hopes to identify sectors that can drive sustainable growth, and to make adjustments to its bureaucracy as a way to respond to the society’s mounting demand for political modernization.

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Mushanguri, Mejury. "What challenges are being faced by women entrepreneurs in accessing micro finance services in Zimbabwe." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011765.

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The research seeks to explore why women in Zimbabwe still face hindrances in accessing micro finance services and what can be done to meet their needs in a more holistic and effective way. Women play a crucial role in the economic development of their families and communities but are faced with certain obstacles that hinder them from performing their role effectively. Such hindrances as poverty, unemployment, low household income and societal discrimination. UNIFEM (1992) confirms that the majority of the world‟s poor have a predominantly female face and argues that women earn only 10 percent of world‟s income and own less than 10 percent of the world‟s property. African women have been characterised by the lack of empowerment caused by societal perceptions and negative cultural practice. In many cases of women rights violation it has been noted that this has been exacerbated by the over reliance on the male counterpart. Development practitioners have noted that micro finance as one of the strategies needed for women empowerment. Despite the concept having been practiced for at least 15 years now, women still face challenges in accessing micro finance services. There is need for Micro Finance Institutions to recognise the position of women in relation to men as actors in society.

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Fan, Yuen-yee Irina. "Piece rate puzzles : a study of the practice and purpose of incentive labour contracts in some manufacturing companies in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13166542.

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Hammarsten, Anna, and Emma Ohlsson. "Attitudes & Incentives of Green Marketing in the Clothes and Accessory Industry - Companies Perspectives." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-21691.

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This is a comparative, qualitative study conducted through comparing three different companies that are in some extent using Green marketing in their marketing communication. The issue that this study addresses is the problematics connected to the use of green marketing. To address this problem, the purpose of this study will be to investigate how companies relates to the phenomena and how the attitudes differ between these. The thesis will target companies within the clothing and accessory industry and will furthermore investigate why the concerned companies choose to use green marketing. The empirical data collection consists out of interviews with key-persons that have a deep understanding of their respective company. Three beginning interviewees was performed and later on supplemented with a in-depth interview with representatives from each company’s market department. The selected interviewees are all representative for the respective companies attitudes in this thesis. The three companies compared in this thesis are Sandgrens Clogs, Houdini and Tenson. After conducting the interviews, the interviews were transcribed and analyzed, thereafter the empirical data collection could be compared to each other. Through the interviews we could distinguish three themes: Green marketing, Greenwashing and sustainability.The result from the thesis will provide an understanding of why companies choose to use green marketing. To get a deeper understanding, the thesis will also cover the different attitudes towards the phenomena green marketing and sustainability. Furthermore it will give an understanding of why and how Sandgrens Clogs, Houdini and Tenson uses green marketing in their market communication. Companies as well as consumers could gain from the awareness of the usage of green marketing that this thesis are contributing with.

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Porter, Melanie. "An Evaluation of the Effects of a Pay for Performance Plan on Productivity of Employees of a Professional Services Firm." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3322/.

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This study examined the effects of a productivity-indexed pay for performance plan in a professional services firm. The new plan was implemented after productivity decreased under an existing plan. Performance of staff and senior level accountants was analyzed across three departments under a three-year baseline and a two-year intervention period. Several measures of productivity indicated that the intervention was effective in improving production, especially for employees with full annual workloads. Percentage of salaries earned in incentives was comparable for both the baseline and intervention periods. Possible explanations for trends in the data, weaknesses in the plan, and implications for future research are also discussed.

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Muguti, Elizabeth Zivai. "Energy efficiency in the iron and steel industry : cases of Zimbabwe and South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13960.

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Includes bibliographical references.
This study looks at possible improvements of energy efficiency in the iron and steel industry in Zimbabwe and the case of South Africa is studied also for comparison. Data required was obtained through field visits and international databases. The fieldwork findings, analysis and published literature contributed to the conclusions and recommendations. There is a relationship between technology advancement, energy efficiency and energy intensity. The more modern technology a country's steel industry adopts the more energy efficient it becomes and so lowers its energy intensity. Countries such as South Korea, Japan and Germany have adopted modern technologies and they are among the most efficient steel producers and have the lowest energy intensities while India and China have low levels of modern technologies, low efficiencies and high intensities. ZISCO, the iron and steel industry of Zimbabwe has a relatively high energy intensity (closer to China and India) compared to South Africa and other developing country producers. ZISCO has both new and old technology while industry in South Africa, which has retired most old technology and closed all its less efficient plants, is largely using new and even state of the art technology in some of its plants. In Zimbabwe the national economic and industrial policies have had negative impacts on the growth and development of its iron and steel industry. ZISCO needs policies that support the adoption of energy efficient technology, create a level playing field for downstream steel industries since ZISCO has the potential to influence growth of this sector and the sector has prospects for significant foreign currency earnings. The study recommends a restructuring of ZISCO to improve productivity, and energy efficiency through replacement of old technologies in the medium to long term and implementation of some identified less capital-intensive options that are typical in an integrated steel mill.

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Muzenda, Verity. "The delivery of the clothing and textiles curriculum in Zimbabwean universities: towards an integrated approach to vertical and horizontal discourses." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019748.

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The introduction of Technical Vocational Education (TVE) has been marred by a myriad of challenges, and this has not spared universities. The incompetency of lecturers, the perceptions of both lecturers and students, the relationship between universities and the world of work as well as support strategies have been the most contested issues in TVE. The researcher used the mixed method design which is rooted in the post-positivist research paradigm that integrates concurrent procedures in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data. Post-positivist research paradigm attempts to enhance one’s understanding of the way certain phenomena are and that objectivity is an ideal that can never be achieved. The sample of the study comprised two Heads of Department (HODs) from the universities under study, 18 lecturers for the interviews, 18 lecturers who responded to the questionnaire, 24 students formed the 4 focus groups for both universities with 6 students each. Two industrial personnel were also interviewed. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data while qualitative data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, observations and document analysis. The researcher employed the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) to summarise, compile tables and graphs on quantitative data and qualitative data was analysed using content analysis through emerging themes. The study established that lecturers were not competent enough to deliver CT curriculum in universities and this was as a result of the type of training lecturers received which was no longer congruent with the technological advancement which have taken place in the textile industry. It was also instituted that universities were producing students who lacked the hands-on skills necessary for them to be acceptable in the world of work. There was a stern shortage of equipment and machinery in CT departments in universities. The machinery and equipment in the departments were too old and broken. Furthermore, the study established that there was no collaboration between universities and industries. Industrial personnel lamented that universities were not willing to put into consideration all the suggestions they gave them and that time for Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) or placement was too short for them to impart all the requisite skills to students. It was also established that students were discontented by the teaching methods that lecturers were using and the way they were being assessed. Students conveyed their desire for the industry to be involved in assessing them whilst they were in universities. Based on the above findings, the study concluded that lecturers were incapacitated to deliver CT due to the training they received in colleges and universities which was no longer congruent with the dynamics of technology. The study also concluded that the shortage of machinery and equipment also demotivated lecturers and incapacitated them. It was also concluded that the lack of collaboration between universities and industries posed serious challenges to both lecturers and students. The study recommends that the quality of the existing lecturing force must be improved mainly through extensive staff development training programmes.There is need for lecturers to be staff developed through training workshops in order to improve on competence. There should be collaboration among University management, lecturers and the industry during curriculum design, implementation and monitoring to improve their attachment and sense of ownership of CT programmes. To improve on students’ acquisition of skills, the study recommends that time for Work-Integrated Learning should be lengthened so that students leave the industry well equipped with relevant skills and knowledge.

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Zhang, Guochang. "Incentive compatible compensation mechanism for centrally planned industry with multiple agents and communiction." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26114.

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This thesis applies the existing agency theory into the problem of production planning in a centrally planned industry. The planner's objective is to maximize social welfare contributed by the industry, while the firms individually want to maximize utility over money compensation minus disutility over effort. The problem contains both moral hazard and adverse selection because each agent privately observes a predecision information about the production process. A model is built for determining the optimal incentive compatible scheme. The analysis starts with the problem of fixed proportions production. An optimal incentive compatible scheme is first derived in single agent settings. It is then extended to multiple agent settings. Under the optimal incentive scheme, the principal is able to derive all the rent. The solution is the first-best when the agents are all risk neutral, and strictly second-best otherwise. The subgaming issues amongst the agents are investigated. When the agents are not cooperative, a sufficient condition is given for the incentive scheme to be effective, i.e., the equilibrium induced by the scheme is implementable. It is also concluded that, if the agents are able to cooperate, there always exist some state realizations under which the scheme is not effective. Finally, a different type of production problem, namely, production with substitutable inputs, are studied. And an incentive compatible compensation scheme is again proposed.
Business, Sauder School of
Graduate

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Ng, Kai-yue Eliza, and 吳啟裕. "What makes the younger generation of executive officers work orshirk?: using the framework of Brehm andGates, a case study on the working incentive of executive officersrecruited after 2000." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46848642.

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Bäckman, Daniella. "How can Swedish food retailers create incentives for sustainable consumption?" Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246068.

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Sustainable consumption is becoming more and more important when aiming to achieve a sustainable food industry in the future. A sustainable movement requires actions from diverse actors on the market such as politicians, organizations, retailers, consumers etc. This research focuses mainly on retailers and partly consumers. Past research examines consumer behaviour when it comes to sustainable consumption and companies’ incorporation of Corporate Sustainability. This research seeks to complement prior research by investigating two major retailers in the Swedish food industry, Axfood and ICA. Through semi-structured interviews, with Sustainability Managers working at these companies, the research collects qualitative data that contributes to a better understanding of the Swedish food retailing industry and how they address sustainability issues. The research highlight current trends on today’s market and identify crucial focus areas for the future.

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Mhonderwa, Blessed Sue. "Knowledge Management as an Organisational Tool : The Case of the Electricity Supply Industry in Zimbabwe." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75806.

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Countries no longer contest solely on monetary capital and strength for survival, sustainable growth, development and advancement, but rather on creation, accumulation and strategic use of cutting-edge knowledge. A winning knowledge management (KM) programme makes innovations feasible, enables better and faster decisions, and increases staff productivity, product and service quality and deliverable consistency by capitalising on intellectual and knowledge-based assets, thereby enhancing organisational performance. Eager to reap the benefits of KM, many organisations leap into a knowledge management solution; however, implementation of KM can be a challenge. The challenges emanate from failure to effectively incorporate and manage the crucial elements that determine the successful implementation of KM as an organisational tool that engages people, strategy, corporate culture and information technology. This interpretive case study focuses on Zimbabwe’s electricity supply industry, which is on the verge of losing knowledge from its experienced employees owing to employee retirement and employee mobility. The Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC), a state-owned company, is accountable for transmitting electricity from power stations, distributing it and retailing it to end users. The recent revival of the economy in Zimbabwe has increased demand and there is much pressure on the power generation capacity of ZETDC to meet demand from the industry and private households. This pressure affects the ZETDC’s operating model and therefore, organisational tools such as KM must be applied to manage its impact. Secondary data was collected through a review of the relevant literature and questionnaires and semi-structured interviews in ZETDC. Data collected was analysed and the themes that emerged were reported on. The study found that the ZETDC might suffer knowledge drain because of lack of an adequate system and procedures to manage its knowledge assets. Therefore, a proper KM system and strategy are required to ensure that both tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge are effectively passed on to the remaining and future employees. Furthermore, the electricity supply industry must integrate, build and remodel its internal and external capabilities through KM activities to improve application of KM as an organisational tool for enhancing performance in the fast-changing environment in which it operates.
Dissertation (MIT)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
UP Postgraduate Masters Research bursary
Informatics
MIT (Information Systems)
Unrestricted

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Skelton, Alexandra Clara Hansa. "The motivations for material efficiency : incentives and trade-offs along the steel sector supply chain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648109.

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Mathende, Julius. "An analysis of the production of cassava as a food security option for Zimbabwe." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12112006-165129/.

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Trushin, Eshref. "Evaluation of incentives for R&D in the pharmaceutical industry with applications for neglected diseases." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1285.

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This thesis is concerned with the development of incentives for pharmaceutical R&D, specifically for neglected diseases. The following approaches are adopted. The short-term effects of the recent cost-containment reforms on seven financial indicators related to firms‘ R&D in Denmark, Germany, France, Japan, and the US are estimated. The dataset represents a panel data of financial statements of 1306 pharmaceutical firms for the period 1997-2007. National pharmaceutical expenditures, population, availability of credit, patent applications, and regulatory quality have been controlled for. The average treatment effects on the treated are econometrically estimated with before-after comparisons, two difference-in-differences (DiD) and three matching DiD methods. Impacts of liquidity constraints on R&D and investment are estimated with dynamic panel methods. Using frontier modelling, technical production inefficiencies are estimated and tested for independence from the stringency of national regulation. The major findings of this dissertation are: R&D indicators tend to be persistent despite the regulatory changes; tighter cost-containment regulations appear not to be associated with technical efficiency or R&D intensity of firms; cash flow has a positive effect on pharmaceutical R&D of small and young firms, but not on physical investment. Improved access to clean water appears to be the most important factor in the reduction of the neglected diseases‘ burden; evaluation of R&D schemes for neglected diseases based on 17 criteria indicates insufficient performance of the existing proposals and a number of recommendations to design better incentives are substantiated. Based on this analysis, I have designed a new hybrid public-private partnership model for financing R&D in the form of a prize screening mechanism, which relies on the innovative effort of small firms by reducing entry barriers and moral hazard problems.

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Boyce, Ncedile. "Factors influencing pay systems in the manufacturing industry of Port Elizabeth." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021168.

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Collective bargaining was impacted by the confrontation at Marakina and the role players, employers and unions were left looking for new creative alternatives to reward operational employees (blue collar workers).Then, finding a well-designed pay system is crucial for the success of the organisation, since collective bargaining is under pressure. The following determinants, job based pay, performance based pay, skills based pay, education and training, and tenure based pay were constructed from literature to formulate the conceptual model for the pay of operators in the manufacturing sector of Port Elizabeth. There are a number of factors that are at play in the determination and design of pay systems, which need to be considered. Two major pay systems are at the centre of this study and they are those based on the worth of the job and those that are based on employees’ skills, productivity, education and training, and tenure. Pay equity is at the heart of employment relationship and is the reference point with regard to the distribution of resources when economic productivity and profitability are achieved. The findings presented indicated that all the determinants, job based pay, performance based pay, skills based pay and education and training, with the exception of tenure based pay, were significant to the pay of operational employees. However, the multivariable regression model found that job based pay is more significant and should be modelled as the foundation of the pay system for operational employees. Other pay determinants, such as performance and skills based pay are best modelled as additional increments that accelerate employees’ pay.

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Wilkins, Sara. "Safety incentive programs a case study /." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2006/2006wilkinss.pdf.

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George, Joe Webb. "Re up? You're crazy! retention versus mobility in today's army /." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/george/GeorgeJ0509.pdf.

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Retention practices in the U.S. Army face an incentive problem. The amount of work that officers undertake to retain a soldier should be based in part on those officers' expectations of accruing benefits. In this paper, I analyze Army National Guard retention rates to see if the possible mobility of a soldier (which affects his leadership's expected benefits) is systematically related to the probability he will be retained. A soldier's mobility translates into competition among military units for that soldier's service. There are two possible and contradictory effects of this competition. The first is the standard microeconomic effect of increasing competition in a monopsonistic environment. This would be expected to increase quantity (in this case, the quantity of soldiers retained). The second, less intuitive effect is that competition among battalions reduces a soldier's ability to effectively commit to long-term service with any battalion. This causes a reduction in quantity. I have found that the second effect dominates. This paper contributes to economic literature by improving the understanding of incentives in large organizations.

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Kim, Doyoung. "Essays on information acquistion and incentive compensation in organizations /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7459.

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Kilpatrick, Donna J. "A test of the effects of incentive compensation plans, uncertainty, and perceptions of fairness on performance, pay satisfaction, and evaluations of incentive plans /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8756.

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Davis, Richard G. "Organizational Inducements and Social Motives: A Game Theoretic Analysis." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1280.

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Game theory was used to analyze compensation systems based on individual and group incentives. Payoff formulas were developed for these incentives assuming different preferences for individual and social outcomes. Two levels of contributions were considered: (1) Defection. The minimum acceptable level of contributions, and (2) Cooperation. A level of discretionary contributions above the minimum. The discretionary contributions associated with cooperation were represented as a cost to the individual. A classification scheme for uniform n-person games was developed using the approach of Rappaport and Guyer (1966) for 2 x 2 games. This classification scheme defines the natural outcome (cooperation or defection) for each game. The analysis considered the Individual motive, based on maximizing self-interest, and five social motives (Collective, Competitive, Altruism, Equity and Aggression). These motives reflect preferences for outcomes based on payoffs to self and others. The results indicate the natural outcome and game category for different values of the individual and group incentive factors. Satisficing theory was also used to analyze the natural outcome for the Individual motive. Evolutionary game theory was used to develop two simulation models for social motives. The models interpret social motives as (1) genuine preferences for specific social outcomes, or (2) indirect strategies for maximizing individual payoffs. These models explore the interaction of social motives and the resulting impact on the level of cooperation. The results were used to develop effectiveness criteria for selecting inducement systems which should promote cooperation. Additionally, cost curves were used to determine the least cost inducement system. Based on these results, inducement systems using absolute incentives are recommended over systems using competitive incentives. Competitive incentives should only be considered when there is limited need for coordination between individuals and where aggressive and/or competitive behavior is acceptable. The study has theoretical as well as practical implications. Game theory provides a method for expanding expectancy theory to include expectations about the actions of others and provides a framework for integrating expectancy theory and other theories based on social motives (e.g. equity theory). The use of dynamic models from evolutionary game theory breaks new ground in the theory of motivation.

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Leiman, Anthony. "Informal production in Zimbabwe : a study of production methods and intersectoral relations with special reference to the clothing industry." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17009.

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Bibliography: pages 219-229.
This thesis covers the constraints, both theoretical and practical, on the growth and evolution of the Zimbabwean informal sector, in particular of informal clothing and footwear production. The aim of the study was to provide a foundation for decision-making in the intersectoral allocation of resources. To this end, a survey was conducted of over one hundred and twenty formal and informal clothing producers in Bulawayo. The questionnaire was administered and completed by the author during the course of an interview, the questions requiring specific, as opposed to open-ended, answers. The production data obtained were analysed using the Kmenta formulation of the Constant Elasticity of Substitution (C.E.S.) production function, with a view to obtaining the production parameters. The data from formal and informal sector interviewees were analysed separately and in aggregate and tested for constancy of variance, significance of parameters and explanatory power. Whilst a number of conclusions are drawn in the course of the thesis, the central finding is that allocation of scarce resources to the informal sector should be based on the standard procedures used by venture capital seeking an outlet in a normal market economy, and in particular on the ability of the entrepreneur, since this appears to be an increasingly crucial variable as firm sizes fell.

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Einarsson, Ulf, and Anna Persson. "What gets measured gets done? : a study within the newspaper industry." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Accounting and Finance, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-906.

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According to Atkinson, Banker, Kaplan and Young (1995) management accounting and control practices have an important role within today’s organizations. In order for the organization to be successful, information on the finances and performance are crucial. But in the media industry there are indications that management accounting and control practices are not as accepted as in many other industries (Tjernström, 2002). Since there have not been much research about management accounting in the media industry, compared to what have been done in other industries, like manufacturing and new economy firms, there are less knowledge from this industry.

The purpose of our thesis is to investigate, explain and analyze the management accounting practices, with focus on performance measurement and what the attitude to performance measurement is within four newspapers in Sweden. This will be done from a management perspective.

Previous research about agency theory, stewardship theory, budget, responsibility centres, operating- income and margin, reward and incentive plans, balanced scorecard and intellectual capital statement and theories about the newspaper industry are described and used.

A qualitative research with four interviews was conducted. Three were newspaper managers and one editor in chief.

From our four researched newspapers we have found that managers described management accounting and performance measurements to be important but still not communicated. Therefore, it is interesting that none of the newspapers measure performances in the editorial department. Journalists have been and are sceptical to management accounting practices and performance measurements but this attitude has changed and is not so strong and not a problem nowadays. Focus on profit has increased but is not considered as a threat to newspaper quality as long as it is not too extreme. Operating margin is the key ra-tio that all four newspapers use.

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Tsitinidis, Alexandros, and Kenneth Duru. "Managerial Incentives and Earnings Management : An Empirical Examination of the Income Smoothing in the Nordic Banking Industry." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202105.

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Prior empirical research, mainly conducted in US under the US GAAP, has indicated that managers in listed banks use loan loss provisions as a primary tool for income smoothing activities. Since 2005 the accounting environment in the European Union (EU) changed, as all listed companies are required to comply with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Some arguments envisage that IFRS is a set of high quality standards that plug some inconsistencies relative to national General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The overall objective of the present study is to examine earnings management and in particular income smoothing through the use of loan loss provisions (LLP) to manage earnings under IFRS and national GAAPs. The sample consists of twenty large commercial banks listed in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden) for the years 2004-2012 (including early adopters) and sixteen banks for the years 1996-2003 under each country’s national reporting regime. Furthermore we present the body of earning management literature in conjunction with agency theory in order to grasp managers’ opportunistic behavior. Finally we assess the institutional role of financial reporting standards and the arguments of how IFRS could restrict earnings management activities as proposed by some authors. Overall, our results indicate some degree of income smoothing activities through loan loss provisions by bank managers both under national GAAPs and IFRS. The study contributes to the broad literature body on earnings management, while testing income-smoothing activities on a single industry compared to previous studies where the samples comprises a variety of firms in different industries.

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Akkhaphin, S. "An evaluation of the potential of Thailand as a MICE (Meeting, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions) industry hub for the international convention industry in Asia." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2016. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4507/.

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The Meeting, Incentive, Convention and Exhibition (MICE) industry, including conferences and trade shows, is a large and rapidly growing industry over the recent decade. Its growth not only brings benefits for the tourism sector, but also delivers many other potential benefits to host nations. In Thailand, the tourism and MICE industry is a major economic factor as it generates a huge amount of revenue. However, the Thai MICE industry is subject to market fluctuations and sustainable growth is difficult to maintain. Hence, this research examines the factors which influence the decisions of delegates to participate in international conventions as well as factors or criteria influencing organising committees and planners take into consideration when holding international conventions, along with an investigation to the potential of Thailand as a MICE destination, and the positioning of Thailand as a hub for the international conference and convention industry in Asia. The research also aims to identify any factors which limit the potential growth of Thailand as an international hub for the MICE industry through a Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis. The guidelines for a best practice and specifically implemented development policies including marketing strategies are developed, as well as recommendations to help Thailand become a sustainable hub for the international convention industry in Asia. A mixed-methods was employed to collate both the qualitative and quantitative data obtained from the delegates, convention organising committees and planners. The methods entailed interviews, a focus group, and responses of open-ended questions from questionnaire surveys to collate qualitative data, and a questionnaire survey was employed to collect the quantitative data. The data obtained through the qualitative and quantitative methods was triangulated in order to complement the weaknesses of one approach with the strengths of another. The result of the questionnaire survey revealed that 86 percent of the respondents agreed that Thailand has the potential to become a major MICE destination and a hub for the international convention industry in Asia, due to the advantages that Thailand offers as a destination, such as service quality; affordability and value for money; tourism activities; the attractiveness of destination; intervening opportunities; destination image factor; safety and security issues; the standardisation of hotels and accommodation; the quality of the facilities, and standardisation of the conference venue; and the quality and sufficiency of food and beverages. However, the weaknesses of Thailand as a MICE destination include other opportunities; long haul flights or travelling distances and political instability. Following triangulation with the qualitative results, it was recommended that Thailand needs to create its own events particular relevant to agriculture which Thailand does best with help from MPs, CVBs, service providers, as well as employing a diversity of strategies, including the marketing mix beyond 8Ps.

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Shaffer, Victoria A. "Preference reversals in employee evaluations of cash versus non-cash incentives." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117599610.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 102 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-102). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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Fu, Jiabin. "Challenges to increased use of coal combustion products in China." Thesis, Linköping University, Environmental Technique and Management, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57248.

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Electricity accounts for much of the primary energy used in China, and more thanthree-quarter of the total electricity is generated by coal combustion. Coal burningcombined with flue gas cleaning system generates large quantity of coal combustionproducts (CCPs), which has caused significant environmental and economic burden tothe economy, ecology and society. Of great importance are thus different applicationswhich contribute to the increased use of CCPs. This thesis looks at an overview ofCCPs production and utilization all around the world and investigates current CCPsapplications as well as potential technically sound and economically justifiedtechnologies. Results of this thesis show that CCPs utilization rate in differentcountries varies widely from 13% to 97%. Worldwide, a significant proportion ofCCPs from the main producers, e.g. China, the United States and India, is still beingdisposed off, resulting in a low-level of overall utilization of these products. It isevident that the amount of CCPs produced substantially exceeds consumptionsbecause of various existing obstacles and limitations. In order to formulate effectiveapproaches, identifying challenges to increased use of CCPs is of great weight. The aimof this thesis is to analyze current and potential utilizations of CCPs and morespecifically address factors that inhibit or promote the use of CCPs from coal-firedpower plants in China.

Savings of natural resources, energy, emissions of pollutants, GHG emissions anduseful land were found as the major incentives for CCPs utilization. In China, a ban ofsolid clay bricks was also found to be a very powerful measure to stimulate thedevelopment of other by-product based wall materials while saving useful land andprotecting the environment. However, this strong support from the government hasnot been fully implemented, which seriously hampered CCPs uses. Results presentedin this thesis also show that high transportation cost of low unit-value CCPs,competition from available natural materials and spatial variation in supply-demandposes three of the most important barriers to the increased use of CCPs in China.Industrial organizations with assistances from the government have shown to be offundamental importance for formulating approaches to take in overcoming thebarriers.

This thesis emphasized that transforming laboratory- and pilot-scale technologies intocommercial productivity is of the highest priority for increased use of CCPs. Aconceptual model of CCPs Eco-Industry Park (EIP) as a potential effective solutionwas proposed. Mutual economic and environmental benefits can be achieved throughthe collaboration between different industries in the CCPs EIP. And other feasiblerecommendations of initiatives from both the government and industries were alsodiscussed.

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劉子銓 and T. C. Lau. "In search of the missing link in total quality management: an incentive compatible reward system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3124046X.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Incentives in industry – Zimbabwe'

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