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1
Korostelkina, Irina Alekseevna, and Anastasiya Olegovna Androsova. "Effectiveness of tax incentives for innovative activity in the Russian Federation: assessment and calculation." Тренды и управление, no. 1 (January 2020): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0730.2020.1.33232.
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The subject of this research is tax incentive that is a part of the process of innovative activity. Taxation is viewed as a tool for advancement of innovations. The experience of foreign countries demonstrates that government support in the form of funding, tax incentives, government subsidized loans, and creation of essential infrastructure play a big role in modernization processes. Expansion of the practice of implementation of tax incentives for stimulating innovations requires a theoretical comprehension of this process. This article examines the coefficient that characterizes economic effectiveness of tax incentives as correlation of separate indexes of innovation activity of recipients and benefits from tax spending. Assessment is conducted on the effectiveness of tax incentives in accordance with the data on innovation activity and tax revenue from different sectors that are leaders in the innovation sphere. The following conclusions were made: tax mechanism of stimulating innovation activity are not very popular and effective; precision of calculation is significantly affected by the current issues with the information base: complete absence of information with respect to stimulus recipients; the results of analysis demonstrate that the rate of increase of decreasing budget revenue surpasses the rate of growth that characterizes innovation activity of the taxpayer that testifies to the insufficient effectiveness of the provided tax incentives, prompting suggestion of new means for stimulation of tax incentives. The author proposes to amend statistical tax report, highlighting the information on the entire range of existing tax incentives. Consideration and control over rationality of tax incentive mechanisms would allow optimizing the list of tax incentives for innovation activity, as well as expand the list of sectors that use such incentives.
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Liu, Baohua, Wan Huang, and Lei Wang. "Performance-based equity incentives, vesting restrictions, and corporate innovation." Nankai Business Review International 10, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 138–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-10-2018-0061.
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Purpose Based on the institutional background of mandatory requirement of performance-based executive equity incentives, this paper aims to investigate the impacts of executive equity incentives, vesting periods and vesting performance conditions on corporate innovation. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis is based on the detailed data of equity incentives in China’s listed companies from 2006 to 2014, the Tobit method is implemented to estimate the regression coefficients, and the instrumental variable (IV) approach, Heckman two stage regression, propensity score matching and difference-in-difference models are adopted to solve the problem of endogeneity in several robust tests. Findings This paper documents that equity incentives and vesting periods are significantly and positively related to corporate innovation measured by R&D investment and patent applications, yet requirements on vesting performance impede corporate innovative activities. Specifically, compared with non-equity incentive companies, the R&D investment and the number of patent applications of equity incentive companies are 40 and 46.2 per cent higher, respectively. A one year increase in equity incentive duration can correspondingly increase the R&D investment by 15 per cent and the patent applications by 18.3 per cent. However, a one standard deviation increase in industry-adjusted ROE target reduces corporate R&D investment by 5 per cent and the patent applications by 8.39 per cent. The main empirical findings still hold after several robust tests. Research limitations/implications This paper confirms that the impact of performance-based compensation system on corporate innovation depends on its structure. Specifically, the empirical findings suggest that equity incentive plans being correctly designed can enhance corporate innovative activities, but myopic managers will damage the corporate innovation. Originality/value This paper investigates the influence of equity incentive structure on equity incentive effect based on the institutional background of mandatory requirement of performance-based executive equity incentives. It provides an opportunity to understand the mystery of equity incentives, which helps to enrich the structure of equity incentive theoretically. The empirical evidence confirms the importance of tolerating short-term failure and extending the horizon of managerial decision-making on promoting innovation. Overall, the research indicates that only well-designed equity incentive plans can promote innovation, which contributes to regulators and practitioners to form a rational understanding of the premise of equity incentives in promoting innovation and provides a reference for their decision-making.
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He, Xiaoyu, and Bo Li. "Tax Incentives, Digital Transformation and Enterprise Innovation." International Journal of Education and Humanities 6, no. 1 (November 24, 2022): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v6i1.3059.
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Taking China's A-share manufacturing listed companies from 2013 to 2020 as samples, this paper discusses and tests the impact of tax incentives and digital transformation on enterprise innovation, and further explores the moderating effect of digital transformation on the relationship between tax incentives and enterprise innovation. The research results show that tax incentives play a significant positive role in promoting enterprise innovation, and digital transformation can effectively promote enterprise innovation and positively regulate the innovation incentive effect of tax incentive policies, indicating that enterprise digital transformation is conducive to the play of tax incentive policies, so that enterprise innovation can be better promoted and promoted. The results of heterogeneity test show that the promoting effect of tax incentives and digital transformation on enterprise innovation is more obvious in state-owned enterprises and non-high-tech enterprises, while the moderating effect of digital transformation on the incentive effect of tax incentives is more prominent in high-tech enterprises.
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Tang, Yongli, Xinyue Hu, Claudio Petti, and Matthias Thürer. "Institutional incentives and pressures in Chinese manufacturing firms’ innovation." Management Decision 58, no. 5 (June 17, 2019): 812–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-08-2018-0933.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how Chinese firms’ innovation is related to their perceived incentives and pressures from the transitioning institutional environment. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 166 manufacturing firms located in Guangdong Province (China) is analyzed using binomial and moderated multiple regression models. Findings The results show that institutional incentives are more effective in promoting incremental innovations than radical ones, whereas institutional pressures are more pronounced in facilitating radical innovations than incremental ones. In addition, the interaction between the two divergent institutional forces is negatively related to innovation performance. Practical implications The findings inform managers and policy makers in institutional transition environments to consider and balance the effects of institutional forces. Firms should match the institutional incentives and pressures with their own innovation objectives in terms of incremental or radical goals, and take caution to deal with the divergent institutional directions, so as to avoid the negative interaction effects. Policy makers should take a systems approach when considering the incentive-based and/or command-and-control designs of innovation policies and regulations. Originality/value The study contributes to existing literature on institutions and innovation by disentangling incentive and pressure effects of institutions, regulation and innovation policies, as well as the combined and interaction effects intrinsic within institutional mixes.
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Schneckenberg, Dirk. "Strategic Incentive Systems For Open Innovation." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 30, no. 1 (December 30, 2013): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v30i1.8283.
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<p class="AbsKeyBibli">Our paper presents a cross-sectional study of incentive systems for open innovation practices. Organisations face the challenge to design and implement strategic incentive systems which reward active contributions of individuals to open innovation practices. We refer to contributions from psychology and economics to develop a framework for organisational incentive systems. We have conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 experts in Germany and the Netherlands. The experts work in firms which are both international top players and open innovation pioneers in their respective industries. The results show that all organisations in the sample develop incentives for open innovation. The key strategic function of incentive systems is to open mind-sets of the workforce and to overcome mental barriers of the 'not invented here' syndrome. Immaterial and in particular task content incentives have been judged to have a more efficient long-term impact than material incentives. While experts have emphasised the importance of aligning incentives systems to open innovation strategies, in practice many incentive approaches still remain patchwork and lack a clear strategic focus.</p>
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Leontev, Mikhail. "Socio-psychological aspects of innovation behavior of workers in construction organizations." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 05021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825105021.
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The ability for introduction of innovation, improve products, services and work processes is becoming increasingly important for the construction industry today. This paper focuses on the personal and socio-psychological characteristics of innovation: employee attitudes toward innovations, the degree of employee involvement in innovation activity, personal motivation and incentives. It was found that the innovative behavior of workers in construction organizations is positively influenced by: participative leadership style, support of employees’ innovative behavior on the part of management, external business contacts, innovative results, successful practice of introducing innovations in the firm (enterprise). These factors, combined with material incentives, the desire for self-realization, the involvement of employees in all stages of the innovation process, create a suitable environment for the innovative activity of employees.
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Joachim Breunig, Karl, Tor Helge Aas, and Katja Maria Hydle. "Incentives and performance measures for open innovation practices." Measuring Business Excellence 18, no. 1 (March 11, 2014): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbe-10-2013-0049.
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Purpose – To guarantee alignment between ongoing activities and organizational goals, innovation management theory emphasizes management control and explicit innovation strategies as prerequisites for innovation performance. However, the theory on open services innovation emphasizes individual autonomy and incentives to foster open innovations. The aim of this paper is to explore this inconsistency. Design/methodology/approach – An explorative research design involving 25 semi-structured interviews in five large scale-intensive service firms is explored. Scale-intensive service firms are strategically sampled for this study since these firms experience tension between open service innovation characteristics and efforts to standardize. Findings – The authors show how individual autonomy facilitates the internal and external networking required in open innovations. However, individualized incentives do not suffice to motivate, mobilize and direct the collaboration and collective effort needed to ensure successful implementation of open innovation processes. Innovation performance is a collective effort, and the findings suggest that firms' business strategy works as a collective incentive system. Practical implications – The findings imply that firms should not rely on individualized incentives alone to implement open innovation processes successfully. The implementation of more collectively oriented incentives is also necessary to motivate the collective effort required to succeed with open innovation. Originality/value – The study extends previous work and shows how innovation practices are collective efforts that also involve the mobilization of external resources. The incentives observed have an effect on individual behaviour, while performance measures, to a larger degree, cater to the collective level. The authors present three propositions for further empirical investigation.
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Jelinčić, Daniela Angelina, and Sanja Tišma. "Tourism Innovation in the Adriatic-Ionian Region: Questioning the Understanding of Innovation." European Journal of Geography 13, no. 5 (December 29, 2022): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.48088/ejg.d.jel.13.5.097.114.
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Today, tourism as the most important global service industry faces many challenges, which call for innovations. That includes product (new products and services), process (new ways of delivering tourist services), logistical (new ways of providing products/services to tourists), and market innovations (new marketing methods or market behaviour). To detect the number and types of tourism innovations funded by the EU in the Adriatic-Ionian region (AIR), a desk research approach and a survey was carried out between 2020 and 2022. The purpose of our work was to detect projects fostering innovations in sustainable tourism, analyse their innovation capacity and propose possible policy enhancements. The main research questions were: Firstly, are financial incentives appropriate measures to foster innovations? and secondly what is the role of governance models of the EUSAIR in fostering innovations in sustainable tourism? In total, 88 projects were detected fostering different types of innovations. The results demonstrate an uneven geographical distribution of financial incentives for innovative projects and underline the lack of a clear understanding of the concept of innovation in funded projects and in seconded national administration in the AIR. Additionally, our findings show that financial incentives, although welcome, do not always foster innovations. Rather, an effective governance should be in place to tailor the appropriate financial incentives and guide the process. Our work contributes to the development of new guidelines related to growth and innovation in sustainable tourism in the AIR.
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Yan, Zhenjun, Xinyan Wu, Jing Li, and Bingqing Liang. "Competition and Heterogeneous Innovation Qualities: Evidence from a Natural Experiment." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 7562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137562.
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Innovations differ substantially in their qualities, from major breakthroughs to small incremental refinements. What is the relationship between product market competition and the quality of innovations? We develop a model where competition encourages high-quality firms to innovate but discourages low-quality firms from innovating and examine the impact of competition on the quality of innovations, taking the implementation of the negative list system for market access in China as a natural experiment. It is found that competition has twofold impacts on the incentives of innovation and that competition improves the overall innovation quality through the improvement of innovation resource allocation. More competition implies a higher elasticity of substitution, leading to stronger incentives for innovation. Meanwhile, competition also decreases industry profits and increases the cost of innovation, which reduces the expected return on innovation, resulting in fewer incentives for innovation. The findings suggest that while R&D subsidies increase aggregate R&D investment, they encourage the survival and expansion of low-quality firms at the expense of high-quality firms and lead to misallocation of R&D resources, resulting in the decline of overall innovation qualities.
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Hellmann, Thomas, and Veikko Thiele. "Incentives and Innovation: A Multitasking Approach." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 78–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.3.1.78.
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This paper develops a multitask model where employees make choices between their assigned standard tasks, for which the firm has a performance measure and provides incentives, and privately observed innovation opportunities that fall outside of the performance metrics, and require ex post bargaining. If innovations are highly firm specific, firms provide lower-powered incentives for standard tasks to encourage more innovation, yet in equilibrium employees undertake too few innovations. The opposite occurs if innovations are less firm specific. We also investigate the effectiveness of several possibilities to encourage innovation, such as tolerance for failure, stock-based compensation, and the allocation of intellectual property rights. (JEL D21, J33, M12, O31, O34)
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Cobb, D. "Incentives for innovation." Computer Bulletin 46, no. 5 (September 1, 2004): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/combul/46.5.26.
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Cobb, D., and J. Gates. "Incentives for innovation." Engineering Management 14, no. 3 (June 1, 2004): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/em:20040302.
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Heidhues, Paul, Botond Kőszegi, and Takeshi Murooka. "Exploitative Innovation." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20140138.
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We analyze innovation incentives when firms can invest either in increasing the product's value (value-increasing innovation) or in increasing the hidden prices they collect from naive consumers (exploitative innovation). We show that if firms cannot return all profits from hidden prices by lowering transparent prices, innovation incentives are often stronger for exploitative than for value-increasing innovations, and are strong even for non-appropriable innovations. These results help explain why firms in the financial industry (e.g., credit-card issuers) have been willing to make innovations others could easily copy, and why these innovations often seem to have included exploitative features. (JEL D21, G21, L11, L25, O31)
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Zhu, Yue, Ziyuan Sun, Ling Wang, Xiaoping Wang, and Lu Zhang. "Research on Innovation Catering Behavior and Its Economic Consequences—An Empirical Analysis Based on Threshold Regression Model." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 5, 2020): 8198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198198.
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The purpose of this research is to develop the subjective initiative and enhance the sense of independent innovation in the process of high-tech enterprises, so as to guarantee the sustainable development of innovation ability. Based on the relevant data of high-tech enterprises from 2012 to 2017, a threshold regression model was established to study the existence of innovative “incentive” catering behaviors in the process of identifying high-tech enterprises. First, the empirical test results support the hypothesis of innovative “incentives” catering behavior, identified by high-tech enterprises, with a threshold of 0.0370. The empirical results show that the one-size-fits-all objective identification standard will indeed encourage some companies to adopt catering behaviors. Next, the paper verifies that high-tech companies that do not adopt “incentive” catering behaviors will have higher innovation efficiencies. Moreover, the R&D investment and R&D subsidy of high-tech enterprises without catering behaviors will be higher. Finally, through a stepwise regression test, it was found that R&D investment and R&D subsidies play an intermediary role in the relationship between innovation “incentives” catering behavior and corporate innovation efficiency. High-tech enterprises affect the innovation efficiency of enterprises through the transmission mechanism of R&D investment and R&D subsidies.
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Hackett, Jon. "No incentives, no innovation." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 91, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363509x379049.
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While the NHS has expressed a commitment to innovation with a succession of dedicated 'arms length bodies,' there are numerous high-profile cases in which advances on the ground have not received as much support as they might. In his recent Next Stage Review report, Lord Darzi has emphasised a commitment to clinical decision-making at all levels of the NHS but whether this will involve embracing best practice from the bottom up remains to be seen. For this article I spoke to two surgeons, whose sometimes controversial innovations were admired by many, about the obstacles they faced.
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KOSTETSKYІ, Volodymyr, and Ivan PRYMACHENKO. "MODERN ASPECTS OF SEARCHING INCENTIVES TO INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF BUSINESS ENTITIES." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 2(63) (2020): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2020.02.126.
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Introduction. In In today’s conditions of economic development, business entities face the challenge of reformatting systems, methods and economic mechanisms for managing sustainability in terms of innovative approach. Therefore, the solution of economic, social, managerial and personal problems in contemporary society implies a specific innovative style of management, which is based on innovation, innovation, systematic and continuous innovation activities. The purpose is to identificatt the positive trends and shortcomings of the processes of innovative development of economic entities that exist in Ukraine, and to clarificate of modern scientific approaches to encourage businesses to innovate in order to ensure financial stability and innovative development of the country’s economy. Results. The study of the mechanism of innovation activity allows us to conclude that the formation and development of an innovative management strategy by an economic entity is an integration process that combines the processes of forecasting, planning and accounting of the resource base of the enterprise in the long-term, medium-term and short-term prospects in the new conditions modernization of the state economy. Creating a national innovation system is to build a holistic system that effectively transforms new knowledge into new technologies, products and services that find their real consumers in national or global markets. At the same time, attention should be paid to the development of an innovative strategy by each domestic enterprise, which will create conditions for positive trends in the development of this process. Conclusions. Innovations are essentially related to the cyclical development of the economy, as they initiate new technological developments. Therefore, in an innovative economy, the state plays an important role in implementing anti-cyclical economic regulation, smoothing out cyclical fluctuations and mitigating their effects. To ensure the further development of innovation in Ukraine, it is necessary to comprehensively use methods to stimulate innovation, in particular the improvement of tax legislation; improving the legal framework for venture funds; improving the mechanism of protection of intellectual property rights; ensuring effective cooperation between the scientific and business sectors in the field of innovation.
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Schattke, Kaspar, Jörg Seeliger, Anja Schiepe-Tiska, and Hugo M. Kehr. "Activity-Related Incentives as Motivators in Open Innovation Communities." International Journal of Knowledge-Based Organizations 2, no. 1 (January 2012): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkbo.2012010102.
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Many companies are using open innovation projects to create new and innovative ideas. Individuals who engage in open innovation usually participate voluntarily and without monetary rewards. What motivates these individuals and how can their motivation be increased? In two studies, the authors identify activity-related incentives as crucial. The authors find that achievement-related incentives and, with some limitations, power-related incentives positively correlate with optimal motivation, flow experience, and self-reported behaviour, when voluntarily working with an open innovation software platform. The authors conclude that open innovation projects should focus on activity-related incentives to enhance participants’ motivation for open innovation and their flow experience.
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Manso, Gustavo. "Creating Incentives for Innovation." California Management Review 60, no. 1 (August 7, 2017): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008125617725287.
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Carrera, Pricivel M. "Incentives For Sustaining Innovation." Health Affairs 34, no. 5 (May 2015): 882–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0280.
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Alberts, Bruce. "On Incentives for Innovation." Science 326, no. 5957 (November 26, 2009): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1184848.
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Stern, Ariel D., Brian M. Alexander, and Amitabh Chandra. "Innovation Incentives and Biomarkers." Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 103, no. 1 (October 16, 2017): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpt.876.
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Pacharn, Parunchana, and Li Zhang. "Accounting, innovation, and incentives." Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 23, no. 1-2 (March 2006): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2006.02.008.
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Drake, Andrea, Susan F. Haka, and Sue P. Ravenscroft. "An ABC Simulation Focusing on Incentives and Innovation." Issues in Accounting Education 16, no. 3 (August 1, 2001): 443–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace.2001.16.3.443.
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Current textbooks advocate activity-based costing (ABC) because it provides more detailed information on resource usage, leading to better cost control and reengineering of production processes. However, there is often little attention paid to how other organizational control features can affect the use of the information provided by ABC systems. This active learning simulation demonstrates that incentives can have a significant impact on how workers use ABC information to manage costs and innovate a production process. The simulation involves two student teams that are furnished with identical ABC cost driver information and either a tournament- or group-based incentive structure. The teams simulate a factory environment by creating products using a simple manufacturing process, while the remaining students observe the process and record differences in communication, innovative activity, and resulting profitability. The teams' outcomes under the two separate incentives illustrate the interaction of a firm's cost system with its incentive system. Typically, we find that more communication occurs among team members, more team-based innovations are created, and profit is higher under group incentives. We conclude that the use of ABC, without consideration of employee incentives, may not result in the desired cost control and process reengineering benefits. In this simulation, students are directly involved in providing the data, so they find the inferences drawn to be compelling.
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VYTVYTSKA, Olga. "INNOVATIVE PROCESSES IN STIMULATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 5, no. 3 (September 7, 2020): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2020-3-29.
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Introduction. The concentration of agricultural enterprises on the implementation of innovations allows them to adapt to modern environmental conditions and stay on the market for a long time. Innovative solutions in the agri-food sector can help increase food production efficiency. Such technologies can help reduce production costs, increase yields and added value. Today, there is an urgent need to address issues related to stimulating the development of agricultural enterprises, as well as to analyze innovation processes and identify factors that negatively affect the innovation climate in the agricultural sector. Objective. The purpose of the study of the peculiarities of innovation processes in stimulating the development of agricultural enterprises and substantiation of the directions of intensification of the innovation process in the agricultural sector. Methods. In conducting research, a set of such methods and techniques of scientific knowledge was used: abstract-logical (in forming the logical-structural scheme of the system of economic relations of participants in new forms of business organization), monographic and economic-statistical (in assessing the current state of innovation); methods of analysis and synthesis (in the formalization and evaluation of the effect of factors on the development of innovation processes), the method of scientific comparison. Results. The peculiarities of innovation processes in stimulating the development of agricultural enterprises are studied. The role of innovation processes related to the dynamics of the intensity of research and development, the ratio of costs for research and development and GDP, production and the penetration of high technology. It is determined that the system of economic relations of participants of agrarian enterprises of innovative direction is based on entrepreneurial and innovative environment. The indicators of innovation activity in the priority direction "Rational use of nature" are analyzed. The largest share of financing costs in the priority thematic area "Prospective technologies of the agro-industrial complex and processing industry" has been established. The analysis of the dynamics of the number of introduced new technological processes and innovative types of products for 2012-2019, units The main directions of national incentives for the development of agricultural enterprises based on innovations, the impact of innovation processes on stimulating the development of agricultural enterprises in terms of the interests of the region, innovative incentives for the development of agricultural enterprises. It was found that the process of using innovations to stimulate agricultural enterprises can be represented as a set of tools, factors that encourage the development of entrepreneurship in solving the most important problems of the agricultural sector, region (state), as well as certain mechanisms of their interaction. Keywords: innovations, innovation processes, incentives, agricultural enterprises, innovative solutions.
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Makkonen, Teemu, Maria Merisalo, and Tommi Inkinen. "Containers, facilitators, innovators? The role of cities and city employees in innovation activities." European Urban and Regional Studies 25, no. 1 (February 14, 2017): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776417691565.
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Innovation has long been considered one of the key engines of economic growth, and patents as important incentives for research and development activity. Particularly in terms of intellectual property rights (IPR), however, little is known about how cities contribute to regional innovation: are they containers, facilitators or innovators? This is investigated here through empirical material derived from 27 interviews with top departmental management in three Finnish cities (Helsinki, Espoo and Vantaa). The results show that local city governments (LCGs) consider cities as facilitators of innovation activities but also admit that there are limits (time constraints and lack of resources) to the influence of LCGs over the innovation environment. Still, many of the public sector innovations (especially social innovations) that do not necessarily have a clear market potential would not have been created without the active role of LCGs as innovators. City employees are innovative – the seeming lack of public sector innovation is actually a result of measurement issues that favour (patentable) technological innovations rather than those more common to LCGs, meaning service and organisational types. Therefore, LCGs can be seen as highly innovative organisations. There are, however, barriers to innovation in the public sector, such as the cost of innovation activity, the lack of incentives for it and a working culture that does not support it. Lastly, the results show that LCGs have not really fully considered the possibilities and potential of owning their own IPR; to be specific, potentially lucrative opportunities should be explored.
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Song, Bo, Penghao Jin, and Liangjie Zhao. "Incentive Mechanism of R&D Firms’ Collaborative Innovation Based on Organisational Ambidexterity." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2019 (January 8, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6750123.
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From the perspective of organizational ambidexterity, we consider the choice of innovation strategy among R&D firms. By building on contractual arrangements and employing a dynamic game model, we focus on the incentive mechanism of R&D Firms’ collaborative innovation and analyze incentive contracts of benefits distribution and cost-sharing when two firms conduct market-driven innovation (exploitative innovation) strategy and technological research-driven innovation (exploratory innovation) strategy respectively, and collaborate for innovation with each other. We also discuss the influence of exploratory and exploitative innovation effects on decision-making of R&D firms regarding whether to choose collaborative innovation under different incentive contracts. The results show that the effects of exploratory innovation acts as the intrinsic motivation of collaborative innovation while exploratory innovation could be improved to some degree by exploitative innovation. In addition, both investment levels of exploratory and exploitative innovation would decrease (increase) when innovation cost (innovative efficiency) increases. Moreover, compared with a benefit-distribution contract, cost-sharing contracts would not only lead exploitative innovation to realize optimal revenue, but also provide incentives for exploratory innovation more effectively.
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Drake, Andrea R., Susan F. Haka, and Sue P. Ravenscroft. "Cost System and Incentive Structure Effects on Innovation, Efficiency and Profitability in Teams." Accounting Review 74, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 323–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.1999.74.3.323.
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The small number of full-scale adoptions of activity-based costing (ABC) coupled with ABC implementation failures have fueled a debate about the costs and benefits of ABC relative to more traditional volume-based costing (VBC) systems. ABC differs from VBC by focusing attention on activities and resources that are under the control of multiple workers. Reducing these costs often requires a coordinated effort. Therefore, incentives that motivate workers to cooperate are a prerequisite to successful process improvements based on ABC. Alternatively, when competitive incentives are combined with ABC, the result can be unexpected and negative. We examine how accounting cost system and incentive structure choices interact. We find that profits are highest when ABC is linked with group-based incentives, which provide high motivation to cooperate. In contrast, the lowest level of profit occurs when the same information-rich cost system, ABC, is coupled with tournament-based incentives. VBC, a cost system that provides a lower level of cost driver information, moderates the incentive effect. Thus, our results demonstrate that the effectiveness of ABC relative to traditional VBC is influenced by its interactive effect with incentive compensation.
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Zábojník, Ján. "Firm Reputation, Innovation and Employee Startups." Economic Journal 130, no. 627 (November 22, 2019): 822–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ej/uez065.
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Abstract This article studies how a firm’s reputation for rewarding innovative employees affects innovation and startup creation. In any Pareto-efficient equilibrium of the repeated game, low-value innovations are developed in-house, while high-value innovations are developed in startups. When distributions of ideas are ordered by simple cases of first- or second-order stochastic dominance, the firm has a preference for an extreme distribution. The article also characterises the optimal relational contract and workers’ incentives to invest in innovation. The model’s predictions are consistent with a broad set of observed regularities regarding the creation of employee startups.
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Walicka, Monika, and Joanna Prystrom. "R&D Tax Incentives for Innovation and Managerial Decisions." e-Finanse 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fiqf-2016-0128.
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Abstract In many countries tax incentives are a popular means of realizing political, economic and social objectives. The main motive of their application is oft en to achieve and accelerate the selected activities in the public interest and also stimulate development of industry, and induce growth in research and investment. The key element that helps a company achieve a competitive advantage is innovation. Global competition forces the production of unique products and services. Tax incentives in science, research and development are important in stimulating innovation. The purpose of this article is to show the level of managerial awareness about R&D tax incentives, the level of R&D tax incentive usage by companies in Poland, and main obstacles that managers meet with R&D tax incentives in practice. We explore R&D tax incentives as a government instrument on R&D management and aim to find the reasons why Polish companies do not take advantage of them. We examine 275 companies using a semi-structured questionnaire. Our findings suggest that many firms report lack of knowledge about such incentives, and firms find many obstacles to reach all of the requirements which are necessary to use the incentives. Due to our analysis we find that large firms, especially those that implement innovation, are more likely to use the tax incentives, but small and medium sized companies find more obstacle. The effect of this tax policy is significant mainly in large, high-tech sector firms.
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Unger, Darian. "Business Education Innovation: How Common Exams Can Improve University Teaching." American Journal of Business Education (AJBE) 3, no. 9 (September 1, 2010): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v3i9.482.
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Although there is significant research on improving college-level teaching practices, most literature in the field assumes an incentive for improvement. The research presented in this paper addresses the issue of poor incentives for improving university-level teaching. Specifically, it proposes instructor-designed common examinations as an incentive for teaching improvement and uses empirical data from business school student tests to illustrate the utility of such assessments. Results were drawn from almost 250 college students who had different professors for the same course. Comparing the data from a common assessment revealed important differences about what students learn and created opportunities and incentives to improve teaching practices in a way few other methods can.
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Tang, Yongli, Xinyue Hu, Claudio Petti, and Matthias Thürer. "Institution-driven innovation in Guangdong firms: Moderating effects of in-house formal R&D and industrial environment turbulence." Science and Public Policy 47, no. 2 (December 22, 2019): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scz058.
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Abstract This article explores the moderating effects of in-house formal R&D and industrial environment turbulence on the relationship between institutional drivers, in terms of incentives and pressures, and firm innovation. Hypotheses were tested on a sample of manufacturing firms in Guangdong Province of China, where institutional changes and governmental policies play prominent roles in shaping innovation. Results show a positive main effect of institutional incentives, but an insignificant main effect of institutional pressures. In-house formal R&D and industrial turbulence negatively moderate the institutional incentives–innovations relationship, yet positively moderate the institutional pressures–innovations relationship. This study links the innovation systems literature with the institution-based view and deepens the understanding of the joint forces of institutional transitions, industrial changes, and resource heterogeneity in shaping innovation. The findings also inform managers and policymakers in institutional transition environments to better manage institutional drivers of innovation by considering firm- and industry-specific characteristics.
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Борисова and N. Borisova. "Motivational Strategy for Personnel Management in the System of Innovation-Oriented Human Resource Management." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 3, no. 6 (December 15, 2014): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7293.
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The paper analyzes motivational personnel management strategy within the conditions of transiting to the innovative economy and evidences the objective
need and nature of the new approach to management. The subject of inquiry is the system of innovation-oriented human resource management (HRM) system,
created with the aim to facilitate sustainable growth of human resources potential. The author’s model of how such a system functions reveals the essence of
managerial activity in the aspect of utilizing and developing personnel innovative potential for the purpose of enhancing competitive stance of the organization.
As the conceptual apparatus of the issue in hand is rather debatable the author fi nds it reasonable to specify meaning of such concepts as «personnel», «human
resources», «innovative potential» and «innovativeness of the personnel». Assuming that in the realities of innovative economy organizational staff ’s innovative
potential is an essential quality, refl ecting the degree of personnel’s innovativeness in terms of capabilities to generate new knowledge, and further to transform
these knowledge in practical innovations, thus contributing to business worth and competitiveness of the employing company. Motivational strategy of
personnel management is considered because it serves as the key element of the innovations-oriented HRM, which is of particular importance for achieving
organization’s strategy goals. To successfully implement motivation strategy of personnel management there should be in place some powerful incentive
system, conducive to systematical growth of workers’ innovation potential based on up-to-date motivational techniques, tools and methods. The paper focuses
mainly on corporate business-training and gives priority to extended forms of training and couching, which, as the author shows, are capable of forging strong
incentives for professional and intellectual development of personnel and enhancing the workers’ competitiveness in terms of innovations. The author presents
fi ndings of her own research, which are helpful in identifying top trends in modern HRM development and ways to improve incentives to motivate personnel
under conditions of building the innovative economy in Russia.
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Lubienski, Christopher, and Laura Perry. "The third sector and innovation: competitive strategies, incentives, and impediments to change." Journal of Educational Administration 57, no. 4 (July 8, 2019): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-10-2018-0193.
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Purpose Much justification for third sector involvement in education advances from the notion that attributes from business and non-profit fields could benefit state-run public schools. The purpose of this paper is to explore this issue by examining theoretical underpinnings and expectations for third sector participation in public education systems, particularly with respect to educational innovations and improvements, and the structural opportunities, incentives, and impediments for such innovation. Design/methodology/approach The question is how third sector participation shapes the rate, nature, and types of innovations in education as schools interact in response to competitive pressures. This conceptual analysis of the third sector examines the political-economic features and structures of the sector in fostering innovation, with reference to the US sector that was specifically positioned to enhance the innovative capacity of publicly funded education. Findings The analysis indicates that educational innovations are not necessarily more prevalent in or because of the third sector, and that there are obstacles to their creation and diffusion. Moreover, schools often respond to competitive incentives in ways unanticipated by policymakers, such as school marketing rather than instructional improvement, sometimes in ways detrimental to goals set out for public education, such as social sorting. In fact, instead of the third sector simply developing or incentivizing innovations, there is evidence that this sector has adopted innovations developed in the state sector. Originality/value The analysis suggests that a third sector based more on a professional, as opposed to a competitive, model may better facilitate the development of innovative capacity in education.
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Skorokhod, І., and L. Horbach. "INNOVATION-INVESTMENT PROVISION OF REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE DEVELOPMENT." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 3, no. 38 (June 30, 2021): 456–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v3i38.237478.
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Abstract. The purpose of the scientific publication is to analyze the dynamics of innovation and investment support for regional ecological development, to identify prospective ways to improve the financial incentives for innovative environmentally-oriented development of Ukrainian regions. The achievement of the purpose of environmentally sustainable development of the country and its regions requires an innovative approach, which essence is to introduce innovations aimed at accelerating quantitative and qualitative changes in the methods of management combined with the development and absorption of environmentally safe innovations, the development of the market for innovative environmental goods and services. The article emphasizes that the innovative eco-sustainable development is the main means of solving a wide range of problems in almost all spheres of life and characterizes the quality of the socio-economic system of the country as a whole and its regions. The article discusses the features of implementation of innovations and investment in the regional ecological development. It analyses the dynamics of innovation-investment support of regional ecological development based on calculations of innovation-scientific and investment indicators. This provided the basis for their rating assessment and identification of the interregional differentiation of administrative regions of Ukraine according to the indexes, which could be the basis for making managerial decisions on innovation and investment support for environmentally sustainable development, taking into account regional peculiarities. It is proved that for the activation of innovation and investment support for regional eco-sustainable development, it is necessary to determine its preconditions, taking into account the assessment of the possibilities of implementation of innovations and attraction of investments in the regions of Ukraine. Indices of innovation and investment support for environmentally safe development of the region are calculated on the basis of statistical data that have an enormous influence on their level and their grouping has been conducted according to qualitative features. A number of measures have been proposed to improve the financial incentives for innovative environmentally-oriented regional development.
Keywords: innovation and investment projects, eco-sustainable development, environmental innovations, innovation activity, capital investments, financial sources.
JEL Classification Q56, R58, O31, G31
Formulas: 0; fig.: 3; tabl.: 3; bibl.: 19.
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Lewandowska, Lucyna. "Opportunities For Funding Innovation." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 16, no. 4 (February 13, 2014): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cer-2013-0028.
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This article is based on the view that firms’ competitiveness lies in their ability to innovate. It points out the incentives that make firms more innovative and the outcomes of implemented innovations. The main focus is given to the sources of innovation funding, in particular leasing, venture capital, private equity, business angels and the NewConnect market, and describes the possibilities of using them. The article stresses that firms seeking capital to grow through innovation can use a wide range of financing options as long as their projects are underpinned by solid documentation, have a specified time horizon, and are attractive for investors.
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BILOUSOVA, Olena. "FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR INNOVATION IN UKRAINE AND OECD COUNTRIES." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 1(50) (2017): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2017.01.137.
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Introduction. Research, development and creation of innovation as a prerequisite for a gradual transition to the fourth industrial revolution will require significant financial resources. Deficit of free public and private capital, the existence of potential risks of innovation make it difficult to attract resources for innovation and investment projects. Purpose. Identify financial support for innovation, causes inefficient investment generalize the experience of the developed of OECD countries, outline ways to improve tax legislation in Ukraine. Results. The main results of the study. In the period of 2011–2015. The main source of financing innovations were the resources of enterprises, as well as significantly reduced funding from the budget, foreign investments and other sources. Revealed that the fiscal stimulus, including the application of the tax legislation accelerated depreciation of fixed assets – not intensified investment and innovation processes. Financial resources are concentrated on providing ongoing activities, rather than on upgrading technology to the level of new technological structures. Research experience providing financial innovation in developed OECD countries and Vietnam showed that the structure of sources of financial support is of secondary importance compared to the volume of financing, the ability to attract resources for co-financing of state enterprises, financial institutions, innovation funds; the use of innovative financial instruments to attract resources. Conclusion. The process of financial support innovation offered to restore fiscal incentives to new conditions – to achieve efficiency innovation (creating an innovative product, the introduction of innovative new technologies, innovative renewal of fixed assets, etc.), targeted use of resources from the use of tax incentives and methods for accelerated depreciation.
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Barros, Henrique M., and Sergio G. Lazzarini. "Do organizational incentives spur innovation?" BAR - Brazilian Administration Review 9, no. 3 (September 2012): 308–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1807-76922012000300005.
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Nguyen, Tu. "CEO Incentives and Corporate Innovation." Financial Review 53, no. 2 (April 2, 2018): 255–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fire.12144.
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Haucap, Justus, and Christian Wey. "Unionisation Structures and Innovation Incentives." Economic Journal 114, no. 494 (March 1, 2004): C149—C165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-0133.2004.00203.x.
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Brynjolfsson, Erik, and Xiaoquan (Michael) Zhang. "Innovation Incentives for Information Goods." Innovation Policy and the Economy 7 (January 2006): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ipe.7.25056191.
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Scott Morton, Fiona M. "Innovation incentives in a pandemic." Journal of Antitrust Enforcement 8, no. 2 (June 11, 2020): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaenfo/jnaa017.
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Babutsidze, Zakaria. "Consumer interaction and innovation incentives." International Journal of Computational Economics and Econometrics 7, no. 3 (2017): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcee.2017.085004.
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Babutsidze, Zakaria. "Consumer interaction and innovation incentives." International Journal of Computational Economics and Econometrics 7, no. 3 (2017): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcee.2017.10002572.
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Shen, Carl Hsin-han, and Hao Zhang. "Tournament Incentives and Firm Innovation*." Review of Finance 22, no. 4 (April 12, 2017): 1515–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfw064.
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Yin, Wesley. "Market incentives and pharmaceutical innovation." Journal of Health Economics 27, no. 4 (July 2008): 1060–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.01.002.
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Ball, Ray, and Glenn M. MacDonald. "Editorial: Organizations, incentives, and innovation." Journal of Accounting and Economics 19, no. 2-3 (March 1995): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-4101(95)90678-z.
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Overvest, Bastiaan M., and Jasper Veldman. "Managerial incentives for process innovation." Managerial and Decision Economics 29, no. 7 (October 2008): 539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mde.1416.
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Avdeeva, Valentina Mikhailovna. "Tax incentives to encourage the implementation of digital innovations." Налоги и налогообложение, no. 6 (June 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-065x.2021.6.37129.
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Modern conditions dictate new challenges for the economy in order to remedy structural imbalances. The answers to these challenges can only be in the format of innovations. The past six month showed that successful players on any markets became the economic entities that have been actively implementing innovations, namely digital technologies and products. From the economic perspective, tax incentivization has always been the most effective tool for the innovative economic activity. In view of this, the goal of this research lies in substantiation of tax incentives to encourage the implementation of digital innovations. The subject of this article is tax incentives for the implementation of digital innovations. Description is given to the advantages and disadvantages of the existing tax system of stimulating innovative activity in the Russian Federation, examination of tax incentives as the main tool for stimulating innovative activity in the Russian Federation, and formulation of the proposals for improving the legislation on taxes and fees for increasing the efficiency of innovation economy. The key principle of the development of tax mechanism is the selection of effective tax instruments that meet the objectives of the government and economic system. The implementation of digital innovations is much more dynamic due to the comprehensive use of the systems of mechanisms for regulating tax activity. As a result, the author determines the flaws in tax incentives aimed at encouraging the implementation of digital innovations, as well as develops recommendations for improving the methods of tax incentives for the implementation of digital innovations.
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Cheng, Hua, Zhiying Zhang, Zhongju Liao, Yong Wei, and Joseph Martial Nkongo Mvondo. "Different policy instruments and the threshold effects on collaboration efficiency in China." Science and Public Policy 47, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scaa016.
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Abstract University–industry R&D collaboration is an important means to improve innovation efficiency; many governments have issued policies to promote it. The most frequent policy instruments implemented by policy-makers to foster firms’ innovation are subsidies and tax incentives. The article elaborated on how subsidies and tax incentives influence the R&D collaboration efficiency through a panel dataset from 2009 to 2015 in China. The result showed that subsidies and tax incentives have a positive effect on collaboration efficiency, and the effect of subsidies on output is bigger than that of tax incentives. Taking the intensity of subsidy as a threshold variable, there is a significant single threshold effect on collaboration efficiency. However, there is no threshold effect when the intensity of the tax incentive used as the threshold variable.
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Gans, Joshua S. "Innovation and Climate Change Policy." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 4, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.4.4.125.
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This paper examines whether climate change policies will induce innovation in environmentally friendly technologies. The model demonstrates that a tighter emissions cap will reduce the scale of fossil fuel usage and that this will diminish incentives to improve fossil fuel efficiencies. In addition, such policies may stimulate the relative demand for innovations that improve the efficiency of alternative energy but carbon scarcity may diminish innovation incentives overall. Only for technologies that directly abate carbon pollution will there be an unambiguously positive impact on innovation. These results have implications for climate change targets and the design of climate change policy. (JEL O31, Q54, Q55, Q58)