Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Incinérateurs de déchets'
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Rendek, Eva. "Influence des procédés de la filière traitement thermique sur les caractéristiques et les évolutions bio-physico-chimiques des Mâchefers d'Incinération d'Ordures Ménagères (MIOM)." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0041/these.pdf.
Full textThe waste input and the process technology of the plant appear to have a great influence on bottom ash quality. To better understand how these parameters can affect the residues characteristics, bottom ash from 6 different plants were tested and compared in this study. Bottom ash physico-chemical characteristics were investigated by chemical analyses, and leaching tests. In order to understand their long-term behavior, accelerated ageing experiments and biodegradation tests were also performed. The whole analyses gave complementary information. It was shown that the 6 samples do have different properties. Waste input have a great influence on Cl and S content in bottom ash, as well as on the Ca/Si ratio. The importance of this ratio on carbonation process has been demonstrated. Combustion parameters have an influence on quantity and mobility of the residual organic matter. Biological and physicochemical experiments were coupled with a view to developing a new rapid assessment method of bottom ash quality. Comparative results of leaching tests and biodegradation experiments showed a positive correlation between dissolved carbon and microbial activity. However, quantities of biodegraded or leached carbon are not representative of the samples total organic carbon content. Thermal analysis have revealed the presence of two fractions of organic components, showing different thermal behaviors. One of them can be directly linked to the leachable and biodegradable organic matter fraction. Calorimetric test is then a novel analysis method that allows to provide rapid and global information concerning the characteristics of organic matter in bottom ash and its possible short and long-term evolution
Jabouille, Florent. "Contribution à l'étude des facteurs d'émissions des oxydes d'azote lors de l'incinération de déchets ménagers." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2261.
Full textDoukhan, Giuliana Nathalie. "Étude expérimentale et analyse thermochimique de la dégradation d'alliages pour surchauffeurs d'incinérateurs d'ordures ménagères." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-337.pdf.
Full textMattioda, Christophe. "Développement de méthodes d'analyses alternatives des polluants organiques persistants dans les échantillons de fumées d'incinération : application du protocole à leur suivi à l'émission des usines d'incinération et dans l'environnement." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S024.
Full textLe, Floch Martine. "Caractérisation physico-chimique et estimation des émissions particulaires métalliques de l'usine d'incinération d'ordures ménagères de Toulon dans l'air ambiant." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30018.
Full textThe aims of this study are the physico-chemical characterisation, the apportionment and the following of particulate heavy metals from MSWI emissions. Various methods (in situ data treatment, unmixing models and codes, UNMIX or CMB, sequential extractions and extented X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) agree in the following: - identification of the MSWI source in two profiles (Zn - Ca et Ba - Cu - Fe - Zn - Pb - Ca); - estimation of its contribution of up to 25% of the total sources contribution; - showing the seasonal variability in term of profile and contribution; - suggest the potential of emitted elements to enter the food chain; This EXAFS first approach on atmospheric particulate matter shows that zinc and lead are in an atomic environment with calcium, silicium and aluminum. In spite of disputable conclusions, isotopic lead ratios define a "MSWI" end-member and confirm that the town-center of Toulon is outside the MSWI plume influence
Cloquet, Christophe. "Géochimie élémentaire et isotopique des métaux lourds : applications environnementales en tissu urbain et industriel." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2005_CLOQUET_C.pdf.
Full textIn 2001, an urban waste incinerator equipped for power recuperation (UVE) was installed in the city of Metz. Samples of the UVE effluents were collected to characterize the mineralogical, chemical and isotopic behaviour of the metals and their environmental impact. Excess concentrations of the heavy metals as well as heavy Cd and Zn isotopes enrichment are found in the Trémie 2 ashes. Such an enrichment can be explained by kinetic fractionation during the condensation process. Elemental and isotopic analyses of epiphytic lichens, collected from Metz and the surrounding area before the UVE, were used to construct an urban atmospheric fall-out map and the evolution 2 years after. The application of Cd isotopes to an area polluted by a smelter demonstrates the potential of Cd isotopes for tracing environmental pollutants
Gambier, David. "Comportement des aciers réfractaires ferritiques dans les gaz de combustion, notamment d'incinérateurs de déchets." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1086.
Full textSchucht, Simone. "Une évaluation interdisciplinaire de la mise en oeuvre d'une politique environnementale européenne : la directive relative aux incinérateurs des déchets municipaux (89/429/CEE)." Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1277.
Full textSchucht, Simone. "Une évaluation inter-disciplinaire de la mise en œuvre d'une politique environnementale européenne : la directive relative aux incinérateurs des déchets municipaux (89/429/CEE)." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001476.
Full textHuselstein, Eric. "Contributions à l'identification de modèles linéaires à temps continu : application à la modélisation d'incinérateurs d'ordures ménagères." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10160.
Full textThis thesis deals with direct identification of linear continuous-time models from experimental data and modeling of municipal solid waste incinerator. The main contributions for system identification consist in the adaptation of the srivc instrumental variable method to multi-input/single-output continuous-time models with different denominators, the adjunction of an approach of model order selection, the extension of the methodology to irregularly sampled data and the implementation of these algorithms in a software toolbox. This developments are applied to the experimental modeling of a municipal solid waste incinerator at Chaumont (France). The main results consist in the perturbation analysis, the determination of static and dynamic models and the proposition of a simple strategy to achieve a 20 % reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions
Farcy, Benjamin. "Analyse des mécanismes de destruction non-catalytique des Oxydes d’Azote (DeNOx) et application à la simulation aux grandes échelles (LES) d’un incinérateur." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0004.
Full textTo guarantee the reduction of pollutant emissions, the analysis of the Selective Non Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) of Nitrous Oxides (NOx) and its application to an industrial incinerator is carried out by numerical simulation. First, a reduced kinetic scheme is proposed for SNCR with ammonia. The process is analysed to determine the key parameters, such as mixing and temperature fluctuations, acting on NOx reduction. Then, a downsizing procedure is developed to enable the simulation of the full size real system. Afterwards, Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of the incinerator are performed, including multicomponent evaporation, to appreciate the DeNOx efficiency. Optimization techniques are suggested and evaluated to strengthen the NOx reduction. Finally, a low order model of the incinerator response is proposed, thus enabling its use in an active process control loop
Floret, Nathalie. "Lymphomes non hodgkiniens, sarcomes des tissus mous et dioxines : identification du risque lié aux émissions d'un incinérateur d'ordures ménagères (Besançon, France)." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA3012.
Full textIt is not clear whether low environmental doses of dioxin affect the general population. We have therefore conducted a multi-step research program around a municipal solid waste incinerator with high emission levels of dloxln (Besançon, France). The eco-epidemiology approach started with a space-time clustering study that found evldence for clusters of soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) and non-Hodgkin's Iymphoma (NHL) in the area that contains the plant. A populatlon-based case-control study at the Besançon city scale was also carried out. We compared 222 incident cases of NHL and controls randomly selected and used the same study design for the 37 incident cases of STS. Dioxin ground-level air concentrations were modeled wlth a first generatlon Gaussian-type dispersion model. Using Geographic Information System technology, thelr residences were linked to the dispersion map. The risk of developing NHL was 2. 3 times higher among individuals living in the area with the highest dioxin concentration than among those living in area with the lowest, whereas the over-incidence of STS observed in the city of Besançon was not spatlally organized according to the dispersion of dioxin emissions. The main limitation laid within the use of a dispersion mode! as a proxy for dioxin exposure, since its accuracy had not been assessed before. We have therefore validated. This geographic-based exposure through PCD/F measurements from soil samples. We therefore launched a case-control study in which dioxins are measured in biological tissues. All incident cases, that accrued in this area during the 2003-2006 time period, are from now on included, while a few controls are still to be recruited
Lebel, Florimonde. "Étude des phénomènes de corrosion à haute température en environnement type UVED : développement d’un pilote laboratoire et quantification des paramètres clés gouvernant les mécanismes." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10012/document.
Full textMunicipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) allows reducing the disposal volume and creates energy from a waste source. Waste to Energy (WTE) plants are equipped with heat exchangers that recover the heat produced from burning solid waste through metallic tubes inside steam circulates. The municipal solid waste combustion generates highly corrosive flue gas containing species like HCl, SO2, alkali and metals chlorides and ashes containing alkali chlorides and sulphates. Moreover, velocity of flue-gas containing ashes can influence the tube degradation. An innovative laboratory-scale corrosion pilot, which reproduces MSWI boilers conditions, was built. The temperature gradient at flue-gas/tube interface and the velocity of flue-gas throughout the tubes are reproduced. This way, the material degradations are simulated, as realistic as possible. The main parameters responsible of the materials corrosion were studied and controlled: temperature difference between gases and metallic tube, partial pressure of HCl and SO2 and ash composition. In order to evaluate the material degradation during the corrosion tests, some parameters were carefully observed: corrosion rate, identification of the corrosion products and the thickness of different corrosion layers. The analysis of the results led to the identification of two corrosion mechanisms: at low temperature the corrosion is caused by the gas phase (high amounts of HCl increase corrosion rates, while SO2 contents tend to reduce), at high temperature the corrosion is caused by the action of melted phases. Finally, results showed that the corrosion rate is enhanced by the presence of alkali chloride in the ashes
Wang, Maxime Hao. "Étude de l’effet des impuretés sur la dégradation des alcanolamines utilisées dans un procédé de captage du dioxyde de carbone issu des fumées d’incinérateur de déchets industriels." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAM0009/document.
Full textIn the context of industrial symbiosis, the goal of this project is to reuse the carbon dioxide from the incinerator gas as a commercial substance. The most suitable technology of CO2 capture from postcombustion gas is the chemical absorption by alkanolamines. Some characteristics of waste incinerator gas may affect the performances of CO2 capture process. The composition of gas from industrial waste incinerator plant is characterized by a high concentration of oxygen and the presence of NOx and SOx. The first goal is to determine the influence of pollutants like NOx and SOx on the degradation of the amine and the second objective is to study the impact of pollutants on the CO2 absorption kinetics in a solvent
Aouini, Ismaël. "Captage du dioxyde de carbone en postcombustion : Application à un incinérateur de déchets industriels : Etude expérimentale à l’échelle pilote." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAM0004.
Full textThis research is part of a survey designed to establish the viability of the CO2 recovery as a raw material from an industrial waste incinerator.. Several commercial licenses are available to capture CO2 in flue gas, but there are no references for incinerators. This work studies with a pilot the post-combustion CO2 capture from incinerator flue gas using absorption/desorption process with 30 %wt monoethanolamine (MEA). A literature review identifies the technology gaps. Then, the pilot setup was described. A parametric study has evaluated the pilot performance for CO2 capture and energy consumption. Finally, Long runs (5 days) have studied the solvent chemical stability in front of incinerator flue gas. The laboratory experiments show that CO2 capture form incinerator flue gas is possible
Soutrel, Frédéric. "Comportement de métaux purs (Fe, Ni, Cr ET Al) et de leurs alliages dans des conditions simulant celles rencontrées en incinérateur d'O. M." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10210.
Full textIn the last twenty years, the increase of volume of municipal waste to eliminate has led many European countries to develop incineration. The waste combustion leads to the formation of gases HC1 and S02, which can lead to very rapid degradation which necessitate stopping of the plants. For energetic output reasons, the tendency for waste to energy process is to increase the temperature. Rather than using very resistant but very expensive alloys to make superheater tubes, it can be interesting to apply coatings to carbon steels. In this study, we have tested individual components of alloys, but also binary or ternary alloys which could be used to coat metallic parts, in simulated waste environment. The first part of this work was the characterization of the compounds present in the deposits which are found on the superheaters and waterwall tubes in combustion chamber. These compounds (KC1, NaC1, CaS04) were then used individually in tests consisting to heat the metallic samples at 500eC, in contact with the synthetic ash and a oxidizing gazeous atmosphere containing HC1 and S02. Iron, nickel, chromium, aluminium, binary alloys (Ni-Cr, Fe-Cr, Ni-Al, Fe-Al) and ternary alloys (Ni-Cr-AI, Fe-Cr-AI) were tested in these conditions. Corrosion kinetics and mechanisms could be identified with use of thermogravimetry and characterization of the corrosion products (XRD, SEM, Electron microprobe and DSC). It could thus be found that alkaline components present in the ash have a determining influence on the corrosion processes
Sassi, Mouna. "Réactivité à haute température de l’hexa-aluminate de calcium au contact des cendres de biomasse." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3101.
Full textHigh-temperature corrosion by alkali (salts or oxides of sodium and/or potassium in solid, liquid, and vapor state) and slag is a serious problem that affects the service life of refractories used in incineration plants. In order to contribute to a better knowledge of this attack, a laboratory study was carried out during this research to study alkali corrosion of different raw materials: fireclay, andalusite, mullitized andalusite, mullite, fused zirconia mullite, bauxite, white corundum, β-alumina and compared to calcium hexa-aluminate.Moreover, the reactivity of calcium hexa-aluminate and alumina with CaO-SiO2 and CaO-Al2O3 slags is studied to evaluate their resistance. The reaction kinetics is determined from ex-situ corrosion tests by XRD after cooling, on CA6/Al2O3 grains mixed with slag synthesized and milled in varying proportions. For both alumina and calcium hexa-aluminate grains, the dissolution is fast, followed by a slow precipitation of an intermediate compound. This is in agreement with thermodynamic predictions.As a result, calcium hexa-aluminate shows both high thermochemical stability in contact with alkali and high dissolution resistance to liquid oxides. Industrial trials are underway in an American hazardous waste incinerator located in Houston. The results after a trial period of 7.5 months show that calcium hexaluminate castable is resistant
Moll-François, Fabien. "Problématiser les contaminations, mettre en cause les responsables : mobilisations, expertises et recours au droit pénal dans les affaires amiante et dioxines en France (1975-2015)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0177.
Full textThis thesis focuses on contaminations as the origin of a damage and the consequence of a fault. It is grounded in two specific cases in environmental health, one connected to the presence of asbestos on the university campus of Jussieu (Paris), the other to the pollution generated by a waste incinerator near Albertville (Savoie). By examining the successive disputes generated by these situations since the mid-70s, the thesis concentrates on the central role played by people directly affected by the risks, from the 1990s onwards, in problematizing the contaminations to which they were exposed in terms of preventable damages, raising the criminal responsibility of a number of key players. The thesis examines how the questions of asbestos and dioxins sanitary impacts have been taken into consideration by the administrations regulating environmental toxics, and by the judicial system, which has to rule on possible misconduct. This work analyses a vast body of published documents and archives (from activists, administrations and the legal system), coupled to over fourty semi-structured interviews with the main stakeholders involved in the cases.Using an analysis based on arenas, the thesis explores the different social spaces where the problems were defined and addressed, placing emphasis on the different forms of expertise developed: the knowledge used to lead and feed the contestations; the knowledge used to guide public decisions; the knowledge used to substantiate judicial decisions. The arena of social conflicts, the arena of the administration and the arena of criminal justice are governed by specific principles and challenges, which are brought to light in this work, without, however, considering them as rigid and autonomous spaces. By adopting a micro-historical perspective, and by closely describing the events as they unfolded, this study reveals how the different arenas interacted with each other, and how the rules that govern them evolved as an effect of these affairs. This investigation shows that the degree of autonomy and interconnexion of these arenas is a crucial point, which can explain the trajectory of the cases studied. This trajectory depends on the interactions that take place - or do not take place - between the different arenas, but these processes operate discreetly. On a more structural level, the thesis shows how the administrative arena and the public policy expertise evolved under the influence of the mobilisations and the use of criminal law, resulting in an increased professionalization and the development of risk assessment standards – while highlighting the ambivalent effects that this may have on the recognition of the issues raised. Finally, this thesis reports on the mechanisms, specific to the law and judicial categories, which make the penalisation of public health difficult, particularly because of the reluctance of French criminal law to adopt a probabilistic type of reasoning to legally prove the existence of a damage