Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Incinération déchet'
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Marias, Frédéric. "Procédé d'incinération d'un déchet modèle : de l'approche physique aux simulations en lit fluidisé." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU3021.
Full textSilve, Jean-Marc. "Étude de la fusion et de la vitrification de déchets nucléaires par micro-ondes." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10361.
Full textDefrocourt, Stéphane. "Automatisation d'un poste de pontier dans une usine d'incinération d'ordures ménagères." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMP783S.
Full textBoizi, Elloe Martin. "Co-valorisation de déchets lignocellulosiques en tant qu'adsorbants appliqués en dépollution aqueuse et production de chaleur par combustion." Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1246.
Full textTaupiac, Jean-Pierre. "Incinération de déchets nucléaires en plasma d'arc." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30213.
Full textRivera-Tinoco, Rodrigo. "Etude technico-économique de la production d'hydrogène à partir de l'électrolyse haute température pour différentes sources d'énergie thermique." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005346.
Full textKple, Melhyas. "Étude des voies de valorisation des déchets ménagers au Bénin : cas de la ville d’Abomey-Calavi." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0288/document.
Full textGeneraly in West Africa, the waste management is a priority problem mainly for the cities which welcome a growing population. It is the case of the city of Abomey-Calavi, that has no organized system of waste management. To allow an optimized management of waste, an overall policy based on tangible and demonstrated elements must be implemented. It is so essential to analyze the problem and its characteristics, to test various envisaged solutions, and to optimize the viable systems. The objective of this study is to provied solutions for the waste treatment of Abomey-Calavi. It is so a question of studying the problem, since the characterization of waste until the proposal of appropriate solutions and the conditions of their implementation. The methods tested in this study are based on thermochemical ways (Pyrolysis, Combustion and Gasification). The heterogeneous nature of waste does not allow their study in laboratory (more expensive and not representative). Thus, a model waste (MW: wood 88 %, Cardboard 7 %; Plastic 5 %) was established and based on the typological characterization of the waste of the city and the chemical assumptions. The study of the pyrolysis was realized in two parts. Slow pyrolysis in TGA and fast pyrolysis. TGA shows that the fast pyrolysis of the model waste can be made only at temperatures above 500°C. In the continuity of the results obtained in pyrolysis, a study of air gasification was made on the wood and the model waste at temperature of 800°C in a fluidized bed reactor. The tests allowed to observe that the results on these two types of fuels are very close. A simple model for the production of gas, condensable and of char during the gasification in fluidized bed was developed.The study of the combustion of MW in the boiler of LERMAB shows that the combustion is better when it is made in a reactor of high power. Compared with the results obtained on the wood, the combustion of the combustible mixture (MW) in the boiler does not present negative effects. These results seem very interesting for the choice of a better way of thermochemical treatment of the waste of the city of Abomey-Calavi. Finally, a waste management chain of HSW of the city of Abomey-Calavi is proposed in three parts and based on a mixed biological – thermochemical process preceded by the sorting
Rodriguez, Rosa Ana. "Incinération des boues urbaines en lit fluidisé." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP1262.
Full textMartin, Cécile. "Modélisation et critères de combustibilité en incinération combinée de déchets ménagers et de déchets industriels banals." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1380.
Full textGirold, Christophe. "Incinération : Vitrification de déchets radioactifs et combustion de gaz de pyrolyse en plasma d'arc." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0024.
Full textNdiaye, Lat Grand. "Modélisation de la combustion en fours rotatifs d'incinération de déchets." Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/3622824a-6d90-4d0f-80e2-d53f01647e6f.
Full textRotary kilns are effective tools for waste incineration. They offer good possibilities for treatment and energy recovery for solid, liquid or gaseous waste. In order to design at best the kiln length, it is necessary that the time scale of the waste reduction be closest to the time residence time of the particles. The rotation speed and the slope of the kiln are two operating conditions that determine the solid bed flow and the mixing efficiency. The dynamic angle of repose and the angle of descent are solid phase parameters that characterise its fluidity. The dynamic model developed studies the influence of the operating conditions and rheological properties on the residence time of the solid load and the filling degree, that have consequences on the heat and mass transfer in rotary kilns. The model has been validated through comparisons between numerical results and experimental data. Experimental measurements were made in a pilot rotary kiln and an industrial kiln. A relation for the residence time was proposed which depends on the type of waste and the kind of installation. The second part of the work deals with the development of the chemical decomposition through pyrolysis-devolatilization of the solid load. The numerical results were then used as boundary conditions for CFD simulation that enables the computation of the flow and combustion of volatile matter. After an elementary analysis of the two kinds of waste tested, which are shredded tyre and crushed wood, the experimental data have enabled the study of the influence of the controlling parameters such as the preheating temperature, the primary air flow, and the waste moisture content on the combustion efficiency and the pollutant nature. The numerical simulations and the experimental data have enabled to identify the different zones of the transformation of the solid load which are the drying, pyrolysis, devolatilization, and combustion of volatile matter and carbon residue. An overall assessment leads to a first kiln device analysis
Marculescu, Cosmin. "Contribution à l'étude des processus pour le traitement thermique des déchets ménagers et assimilés." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1638.
Full textThis work has been carried out on the heterogeneous solid waste characterization for further thermal treatment processing and on the identification of the optimum solutions for their energy valorization. The aim was to optimize the choice of the treatment process by suiting itself (according) to waste type. Experiments on laboratory and pilot scale installations were carried out on different products (municipal solid waste - MSW, industrial waste). The influence of operating conditions as well as product characteristics was investigated. A methodology was proposed enabling the extrapolation to industrial scale of obtained results on waste laboratory treatment. A comparative study on combustion, pyrolysis and gasification processes was undertaken in order to establish the thermal - kinetics of physical - chemical transformation of waste. The obtained results allowed to identify the operating parameters adapted to waste type that lead to a better energy conversion
Abanades, Stéphane. "Comportement des métaux lourds dans les procédés d'incinération de déchets ménagers." Perpignan, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PERP0442.
Full textThe main objectives of this study are to understand the physico-chemical phenomena which control heavy metals (HM) behaviour during municipal solid waste incineration and to define the role of operating conditions on the HM release from the waste load
Wenisch, Sandrine. "Contribution a l'élaboration de l'analyse du cycle de vie de la chaine de traitement par incinération." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0005.
Full textThis work has been developed in the double context of:- a profound change in municipal solid waste management with the emergence of the concept of treatment chain, - the development of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which consists in assessing the polluting load of a product, from its manufacture to its recovery, treatment on final disposal. This work allowed us to - point out the interest of LCA ; this approach can be used as a base for dialogue, on the basis of pollution transfers occurring locally as well as out of the territory, in order to select actions considered as acceptable for the actors concerned (local community, citizen,. . . ) specify the application field of the LCA of the waste treatment chain : in a management tool like Environmental Management System or environmental board, LCA contributes to answer the question "how to act 'J", in order to select waste management alternatives. - propose a methodological for shrewd imple. Memat10n of LCA: this framework is based on the definition of objectives of the remediation, the recovery and of the action means from an anal y sis of pollution transfers An illustration of the method is presented for the implementation of a recovery system
Falcoz, Quentin. "Vaporisation des métaux lourds pendant l’incinération des déchets ménagers : cinétiques et processus de transfert." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP1005.
Full textThe main objective of this study is to determinate the vaporisation kinetics of three heavy metal (cadmium, lead and zinc) from realistic artificial wastes (derived from real wastes). A global method was used to identify the kinetics of vaporisation of heavy metals from the on-line analysis of exhaust gas. A method was developed for on-line analysis of vaporised metal in any exhaust gas by coupling an ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) spectrometer to the gas outlet of a laboratory fluidised bed reactor. A calibration device was set up and implemented and a standard gas synthesis protocol was developed to obtain quantitative data. The experimental study, carried out in both a fluidised bed (fast heating rate) and a fixed bed (slow heating rate), addresses the influence of temperature, initial concentration, support matrix, composition of the gas and intern diffusion on vaporisation dynamics. The kinetic laws were obtained by identifying on-line results to mathematical laws and validated by comparison to experimental kinetics. A mathematical model was developed at the particle scale in order to simulate the heavy metal vaporisation during waste combustion. It takes into account the thermal transfer phenomena, the mass transfer and the chemical reactions. This model permit to understand the influence of parameters on the kinetic control of heavy metal vaporisation
Trujillo, Vazquez Agustin. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation du comportement à la lixiviation de déchets de nature minérale." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0099/these.pdf.
Full textThe air pollution control (APC) residues are considered as highly toxic residues. A thermal process was developed by the French power supply company (EDF) in order to stabilize the potentially pollutants of APC residues. The storage or reuse of a waste requires knowledge about its long term leaching behaviour and the toxic elements retention in the matrix. This work deals with the dissolution mechanism study for an APC residues vitrified product from EDF, with respect to pH and time influence. First, a mineralogical characterization of the vitrified product was performed using X ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe, Raman and Infrared spectroscopies. The long term behaviour of the vitrified product is strongly linked to its mineralogical composition. So, three minerals from the melilite group (akermanite, gehlenite and hardystonite) were synthesized in order to study their behaviour towards dissolution. The vitrified product and the synthetic minerals were submitted to a standard leaching test to obtain information about the short and long term leaching behaviour. The results show similar leaching behaviour for the vitrified product and the synthetic minerals. Moreover, the characterization of solids recovered after the leaching tests has mainly shown increasing alteration of the crystalline structure when pH decreases. The dissolution of the vitrified product and the synthetic minerals was modelled using the PHREEQC software to assess their long term behaviour taking into account the experimental results. The results taken as a whole show that the dissolution mechanisms of the vitrified product are controlled by the melilite group phases
Gery, Anne. "Qualité des fumées d'incinération de déchets évaluée par mesure de la cytotoxicité sur cellules de type macrophagique." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Gery.Anne.SMZ9738.pdf.
Full textOur work consists in developing a global bio-assay to evaluate on-line waste incineration stack gas quality. Total stack gases (gas, aerosols, particles) are sampled from the inside of the stack and flow down into an exposure chamber. Alveolar macrophage-like cells from the THP-1 monocyte strain are prepared in culture dishes that allow their contact with an atmosphere. They are maintain in close contact with incineration stack gases in the exposure chamber providing to the cell culture an humidified 37°C-regulated atmosphere, and react to the global stack gas quality. Using the comparison of exposed cells to blank cells kept in clean air, one can attribute a cytotoxicity rate to the gases. Acolorimetric method gives cell viability : yellow tetrazolium MTT salt solution is reduced into a formazan blue salt by only cells. The lower the rate, the better the quality of the stack gases. Our work shows that : testing the bio-assay on simple gases is essential in order its sensitivity to polluants which may be present in the atmosphere ; the cell response in well correlated with NO2, SO2 or HCl concentration ; cells cultured on membranes on which stack gas dusts were collected show high cytotoxicity rates ; hence the stack gas sampling must preserve dusts transported by the gases from the source tested to the reactive cells ; the cytotoxicity index is related to NO, CO, SO2 and HCl concentrations measured in stack gases, even weakly ; in addition, the index seems to be also sensitive to micropollutants which are not measured here. This global bio-assay may be a good complement to the routine controls performed on stack gases, for it can detect pollutants that physical and chemical controls does even not measure
Millet, Claire-Noëlle. "Etude de la combustion du dichlorométhane : application à l'incinération de déchets chlorés." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0545.
Full textLanoir, David. "Caractérisation physico-chimique des résidus de broyage automobile : analyse des effluents gazeux émis lors de leur incinération en vue d'une valorisation énergétique." Mulhouse, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MULH0314.
Full textFoucher, Yann. "Étude et développement d'une cible de spallation." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2070.
Full textIn order to develop new options for nuclear waste management, in the field of the "Bataille" law of the 30th December 1991, several studies are carrying out on the hybrid systems (sub-critical reactor driven by accelerator). The interaction of the proton beam with the spallation target will generate an intense neutron source available for minor actinide incineration and energy production. .
Sperandio, Karine. "Identification des facteurs mobilisateurs des stratégies de gestion des déchets ménagers mises en oeuvre par les collectivités locales." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2001ISAL0075/these.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to underscore the mobilizing factors of management strategies implemented by local authorities for household waste. These factors can be identified in the present context of the law of July, 13th 1992 and of its “2002” objective. Indeed, so as to respect this objective, the local authorities have been given ten years to carry out new management strategies for waste. It is shown in this thesis that the mobilizing factors can be viewed in technical, economical, statutory, but also socio-political terms: political and administrative organization of authorities and social acceptability of the processing techniques implemented. It is assumed in the thesis that the 1992 law may not be respected by most authorities insofar as it has been integrated enough in the “territorial” parameter. Soon after the 1992 law, some though that the intercom municipal links would be the obvious political and administrative response from authorities to the technical choice of incineration. It seems to use that, because of the territorial organization and the running of local authorities, the gigantic scale of the processing installation is at present doomed. The authorities chose to turn more towards medium size installations. Finally, the strong concerns of populations in terms of public health might condemn some waste processing channels for a new years. The whole political approach to waste will have to rethought. Instead of imposing drastic recovering objectives which are the same for all, one should first decentralize the waste policy at the local level, and secondly go for a real public control of the waste processing service. In our opinion, the prospects of the management strategies for household waste at first lead to a miniaturization of the processing installations network. This miniaturization rests on the most reassuring channels in terms of public health risks. Within this context, intercom municipal links would be better accepted and thus more effective
Kaibouchi, Sonia. "Mâchefers d'incinération d'ordures ménagères : contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de stabilisation par carbonation et influence de la collecte sélective." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0057/these.pdf.
Full textIn France, incineration is the second way of municipal solid waste treatment. It leads to a principal solid by product named municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI BA). BA is a reactive material. During the weathering period, carbonation reactions allow the stabilization of its pollutant potential. The increase in selective collection of MSW could evolve characteristics of the resulting MSWI BA. The research work was constructed according to a double approach: - complete knowledge on mechanisms and parameters influencing carbonation phase, - preserve throughout the work a comparison of the phenomena according to the origin of the MSWI BA after a classical collection (MSWI A) and after an improved selective collection (MSWI B). The first part of the study is devoted to a comparative characterization of the MSWI A and B to observe an eventual influence of the improved selective collection on MSWI BA properties. The second part of this work, devoted to the study of MSWI BA weathering and particularly to the understanding of the carbonation phenomenon (always under a comparative way), is split up in three under left: - natural carbonation of MSWI BA (under air) on pilot scale (3 tons), - accelerated carbonation (under pure co2) on laboratory scale (2 to 3 kg), - residual organic matter role on the MSWI BA carbonation. These experimentations allowed to quantify, for the first time, the carbon dioxide volume implied in the MSWI BA carbonation. The results make obvious influence and consequences of sorting, in particular, glass sorting, on the carbonation of the incineration residues and the stabilization of them potential pollutant regarding development
Amokrane, Ahcene. "Epuration des lixiviats de décharge : prétraitement par coagulation-floculation, traitement par osmose inverse, post-traitement par incinération." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0056.
Full textMany waste landfills generate high-strength effluents or leachates that have to be treated be for discharge in the environment. After usual biological and/or physico-chemical treatments, stabilized leachates are generally not compatible with ecological requirements. Intending to promote really more efficient processes, reverse osmosis was studied to determine its performances and membrane fouling limits. First, it was necessary to characterise untreated Jeandelaincourt landfill leachates and Arnouville-Les-Mantes landfill leachates pretreated on site by membrane bioreactor. In order to reduce their very high fouling power, the pretreatment Jeandelaincourt leachates was extensively studied. Then, oxidation-coagulation-floculation experiments were carried in calculated small scale unit with H202/FeCl3/Ca(OH)2 no-ionic-polymer reactifs. For all pretreated leachates, it was shown that reverse osmosis is very efficient to remove organic and inorganic pollution and allows to satisfy the norms with the exception nitrates. In a last step incinerator small unit was conceived and constructed to study the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrates (post-treatment)
Hahnel, Franck. "Conception d'un réacteur en lit fluidisé pour l'étude de l'incinération de déchets : application à l'étude des mécanismes de transformation de l'azote lors de la combustion de polyamide-6,6." Mulhouse, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MULH0569.
Full textRadu, Tirnoveanu Daniela. "Etude des propriétés épuratoires des Mâchefers d'Incinération d'Ordures Ménagères et de leur mise en oeuvre." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0082/these.pdf.
Full textThe evolution of our societies, and specifically the associated trends in consumer consumption, have led to a continual increase in waste production, and particularly household waste. Despite a strong political will to develop source separation and recycling of household waste, the majority of this waste stream is disposed of by two main techniques : storage in engineered landfills and incineration. Storage in anaerobic conditions, leads to the formation of landfill biogas which contains sufficient methane for combustion and energy recovery, but also contains compounds (sulphides, volatile organic compounds) in trace amounts which produce olfactory nuisances and are corrosive, aggressive and hazardous to the environment. As for incineration, it produces solid wastes and in particular bottom ash which needs to be stored or reused after treatment. Our study focuses on a new way of reusing incinerator bottom ash, notably for the purification of landfill biogas. As part of this study, a pilot test unit was developed and operated at the Roche la Molière engineered landfill (department 42). The purification potential of bottom ash from the North-Lyon (department 69) incineration plant was tested on real landfill biogas using this pilot test unit. The gas phase chromatography analysis was mainly used to measure sulphur based compounds (hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans), but was also used to measure the main volatile organic compounds. Thermal desorption studies were also completed in the laboratory. The results show that the incinerator bottom ash presents significant purification potential and in particular with regards to the sulphur compounds which are mineralised by way of chemical reactions. The quantification of the purification potential of the incinerator bottom ash allowed for full scale dimensioning and the validation of their use directly within the landfill for in situ biogas treatment
Villalba, weinberg Adrian. "Compréhension de la dégradation et développement de matériaux réfractaires innovants pour l’incinération de déchets industriels." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03234877.
Full textThis work deals with the characterization and development of refractory materials for hazardous waste incinerators. The study consists of two parts: In a first step, a failure analysis on industrial waste incineration plants is carried out. Thermodynamic calculations are employed as well as a post-mortem analysis of refractory bricks from six incineration plants. Changes in chemical and mineralogical compositions and microstructure are examined. In order to get the whole picture of the degradation process, a look at the kiln conditions is also taken, regarding temperature, atmosphere, and ash properties. Based on this analysis, the requirements to a more efficient material are deduced: the tasks are to enhance the resistances against thermal shocks and, in particular, thermal fatigue as well as infiltration by the glass-like melts resulting from the incineration residue. In the second part, novel refractory materials are developed and tested at the laboratory scale and under real industrial use. These novel compositions develop within the material a well-dispersed reinforcement from raw minerals used in the refractory industry. The materials were precisely analyzed with regard to the effects of additives and impurities (alkali oxides or others) on the reaction sintering of the system and on the final properties
Mathon, Muriel. "Devenir et inertage des métaux lourds présents dans les cendres volantes issues de l'incinération d'ordures ménagère : étude thermodynaique des systèmes binaires et ter." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11014.
Full textVila, Nova Goncalves Leonardo. "Etude d'un prototype industriel d'un système sous-critique au plomb-bismuth d'une puissance de 6 MW assisté par accélérateur." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EMSE0049.
Full textResearch in the field of fission is focused on improving safety, proliferation resistance, reducing waste radiotoxicity and providing independence from energy markets. Two types of facilities exist: the evolutionary (GenIII), based on the development of previous designs and the innovative concepts (GenIV), where, beyond the complex technological challenges, new manufacturing strategies and fuel management are required. The concepts of subcritical reactors driven by accelerator (ADS) will open new avenues for waste management and non-proliferating nuclear fuel, including the thorium cycle. This thesis aims to study the feasibility of an ADS prototype, consisting of a SVBR-75 reactor and a cascade of cyclotrons, to validate these new technologies as part of a Franco-Russian cooperation proposed to the CEA in 2003
Skanji, Thouraya. "Incinération des déchets industriels : étude de solutions de tensioactifs employées pour le lessivage des réacteurs nucléaires par méthodes thermiques et spectroscopiques." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10117.
Full textYazbeck-Karam, Mouawad Rita. "L'élimination des déchets solides hospitaliers au Liban." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T235.
Full textCistâkov, Andrej. "Etude du potentiel de transmutation et des caractéristiques de sûreté d'un système hybride : accélérateur - réacteur sous critique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11038.
Full textBarthélémy, Benoit. "Combustion - vitrification de déchets radioactifs par plasma d'arc : Modélisation de la thermique et de la dynamique." Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a901c04f-6a1d-4cee-b90d-68dc70a638df/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0009.pdf.
Full textThis thesis concerns the thermal and dynamic modelling for a combustion/vitrification process of surrogate radioactive waste under transferred arc plasma. The writer presents the confinement processes for radioactive waste using arc plasma and the different software used to model theses processes. This is followed by a description of our experimental equipment including a plasma arc reactor and an inductive system allowing the homogenisation of glass temperature. A combustion/vitrification test is described. Thermal and material balances were discussed. The temperature fields of plasma arc and the glass frit conductivity are measured. Finally, the writer describes and clarifies the equations solved for the simulations of the electrically plasma arc and the glass melting including the thin layer of glass frit coating the crucible cold walls. The modelling results are presented in the form of spatial distribution of temperature, velocity and volumic power. .
Hajek, Isabelle. "La contribution des acteurs socio-associatifs à l'élaboration de la question environnementale : d'une sociologie de la connaissance à la construction d'une grammaire politique élargie : le cas de la mobilisation contre l'incinération des déchets à Marseille." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10089.
Full textFontseré, Obis Marta. "Vers une nouvelle solution d'épuration de biogaz par des mâchefers d'incinération de déchets non dangereux : Développement et mise en œuvre d'un procédé d'adsorption d'H2S." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI038/document.
Full textBiogas is a renewable energy source, which potential is still under-evaluated. Before any energy production from biogas, costly purification treatments (e.g. adsorption by impregnated activated carbons, IAC) are necessary, limiting the economic profitability. An increasing interest in the development of "low-cost" treatments based on the use of waste/by-products is shown by several studies, most of all by tests at laboratory scale. Thus, a feasibility study of the use of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Bottom ash (BA) for the removal of H2S, a very corrosive and toxic compound in biogas, has been carried out in this thesis. An experimental pilot was installed on an energy recovery plant from biogas produced in a landfill (non-hazardous waste). Small-scale trials (500 g) allowed the screening of 6 different BAs and the identification of key parameters of the desulfurization. The transfer to a bigger scale reactor (10 kg), as well as the optimized operating conditions, enabled to obtain an adsorption capacity higher than 200 gH2S/kgdy BA, similar to that of some commercial adsorbents. The on-site experimental study has been completed by a scientific investigation on the mechanisms involved on the H2S retention by BA. Several analytical techniques were used to characterize the material before and after the biogas treatment, to carry out the sulfur mass balances and to identify its chemical speciation. The proposed mechanism relies predominantly on the catalytic oxidation of H2S to elemental sulfur, in an adequate physicochemical context (moisture, pH, porosity, O2 and metal oxides). The economic benefit of an industrial implementation of the desulfurization treatment with MIDND has been demonstrated. The operational costs are reduced compared to a treatment with IAC. The environmental value of such a treatment is also shown and fits perfectly into a circular economy framework
Fendeleur, Sylvie. "Métaux lourds et incinération de déchets industriels : spécification et localisation des éléments métalliques dans les différentes phases (solides, liquides, gazeuses) issues du traitement." Mulhouse, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MULH0517.
Full textKlaeyle, Michel. "Etude cinétique des processus de dégradation thermique de la méthyl cétone, de l'acétate d'éthyle, de l'isopropanol, du n-hexane et du toluène entre 600 et 900° C en vue de leur incinération." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10104.
Full textGonzales, Ramirez Maria Lorena. "Gestion et valorisation des Mâchefers d’Incinération de Déchets non Dangereux (MIDND) : Etude du comportement des polluants inorganiques traces au cours de la maturation et en fonction de la granulométrie." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0131.
Full textCurrent challenge of Municipal Solid waste Incineration (MSWI) bottom ash management lays in its valorization, mainly to be used in road construction projects. The process must take into account environmental regulations and conduct rigorous monitoring from production to utilization. One constraint in the assessment of MSWI bottom ash is related to quality criteria which is becoming more restrictive. Among potential pollutants that can cause environmental use restrictions are metal trace elements (MTE), whose behavior based on weathering and grain size is not yet well known and represent one of greatest concern. In this thesis, the developed research approach defined the favorable conditions for Cu, Cr, Pb, Sb, Ni and Zn release. The aforementioned approach is based on three pillars: The first pillar focuses on the development of a pertinent characterization method for bottom ash (including the polluting organic and mineral fraction) aiming at a better assessment of its properties. The initial study matrix, taken from an industrial site, was carefully analyzed from both, physico-chemical and environmental performances. Geochemical modeling based on physico-chemical and leaching data, allowed to identify the main mineral phases and to simulate material behavior with the purpose of predicting the evolution of MSWI bottom ash in specific storage or valorization conditions. The second pillar describes the impact of weathering conditions and size partitioning on MSWI bottom ash quality evolution. Three different weathering conditions (natural on industrial scale heap; accelerated on small heap; and forced) were studied. The results showed that changes in the chemical and mineralogical composition of MSWI bottom ash as well as in its size fractions are more significant when the weathering proceed. The natural accelerated weathering and the forced carbonation limited the leaching of Cu, Pb and Zn, whereas, the leaching of Cr, Sb, Cl and the SO42- increased as pH decreased. The third pillar focuses on the study of MSWI bottom ash alternative utilization as secondary raw material for the typically practiced road sub-layers construction. It consisted of incorporating MSWI bottom ash in a self-compacting material used for pavement sub-layer or coated road shoulders structures. A formulated material was obtained by mixing MSWI bottom ash, water and cement as a hydraulic binder. The results of the mechanical, geotechnical and environmental assessment are promising for MISWI bottom ash potential use in road construction
Frugier, Pierre. "Influence des variations de composition des vitrifiats de REFIOM (Résidus d'Epuration des Fumées d'Incinération d'Ordures Ménagères) sur leur comportement à long terme." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20205.
Full textGuérin, Loïc. "Devenir des polluants inorganiques contenus dans les résidus de combustion des déchets ménagers : spéciation et élaboration de tests de mobilité en vue de leur stockage ou de leur valorisation." Toulon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUL0005.
Full textOne ton of incinerated municipal solid wastes give about 300kg of bottom ash and 50kg of APC (Air Pollution Control) residues which are mainly constituted of oxides and silico-aluminate compounds. A non-negligible part of these residues are soluble compounds (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, CaSOa,. . . ) and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn. . . . ) which are harmful elements in view of their disposal or valorisation. We first characterized the composition of the residues and the physico-chemical mechanisms in case of lixiviation. Sequential extractions have been used to define the speciations of heavy metals and major constituents. Heavy metals are mainly-associated with calcite and anhydrite and these mineral compounds are soiubilised in acid conditions. These extractions were associated with pH-stat extractions to predict the behaviour of the residues in time. We then used simple scenarios and simulations : in the case of n on-exceptional conditions of disposal, the chlorides ate the first compounds which are released to the environment. The carbonatation phenomenon in open air quickly reduced (some months) the pH of the residues leachate to about pH=8. 5, which is fortunately, in most cases the pH of the minimum solubilisation of heavy metals. A kinetic approach confirms this result. The rain is then the only possible source of protons and the decrease of the leachates pH proceeded very slowly (about hundreds of thousand years). The remaining metals, associated with oxides or inside the alumino-silicate mould, cannot be released to the environment, except under special conditions of disposal
Dupond, Olivier. "Caractérisation et amélioration de la tenue à la corrosion de matériaux métalliques dans les usines d'incinération des déchets ménagers." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-497-1.pdf.
Full textMabrouk, Majdi. "Contribution au développement d’un procédé d’incinération de déchets organiques liquides par plasma d’arc immergé." Limoges, 2012. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a1a9a00c-142d-4d53-b500-32eeb1713674/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4010.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with incineration of organic liquid wastes using an oxygen thermal plasma jet, submerged under water. The results presented here are focused on incineration of three different wastes: a mixture of tributylphosphate (TBP) and dodecane, a perfluoropolyethers oil (PFPE) and trichloroethylene (TCE). To evaluate the plutonium behavior in used TBP/dodecane incineration, zirconium is used as a surrogate of plutonium; the method to enrich TBP/dodecane mixture in zirconium is detailed. Experimental set-up is described. During a trial run, CO2 and CO contents in the exhaust gas are continuously measured; samples, periodically taken from the solution, are analyzed by appropriate methods: contents in total organic carbon (TOC), phosphorus, fluorine and chlorine are measured. Condensed residues are characterized by RX diffraction and SEM with EDS. Process efficiency, during tests with a few L/h of separated or mixed wastes, is given by mineralization rate which is better than 99. 7 % for feed rate up to 4 L/h. Trapping rate is also near to100 % for phosphorous as for fluorine and chlorine. Trials, with long duration, have shown that there is no corrosion problems, also the hydrogen chloride and fluoride have been neutralized by an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate
Khiari, Besma. "Modélisation et simulation de l'incinération en lit fluidisé des boues résiduaires." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3037.
Full textThis thesis is primarily concerned about waste disposal routes and is interested more particularly in modelling and simulating the process of sewage sludge incineration in fluidized bed reactors, the main objective being to build a real time simulator for the training of the operators being in charge of this kind of installation. Work is then divided into three parts. The first is a bibliographical analysis, in which some generalities about sewage sludge as well as the aspects related to the modelling of incinerators in fluidized bed reactors are presented (hydrodynamic of the furnace, transformation of the particles, reactions in homogeneous phase, various couplings). The second chapter is dedicated to the development of a model of incineration of a single wet sewage sludge particle. This model has allowed to bring out all the importance of the transfers and kinetics in the fluidized beds. In the last part of this study, the particle model was introduced into the global model of a complete fluidized bed incinerator. The results issued from it allowed a more detailed analysis of the phenomena proceeding in this kind of reactor for the gas phase as well as at the level of the particles, which makes this model useful in simulations at purposes of design and optimization
Le, Gléau Florent. "Étude d'un dispositif de traitement de fumées issues de l’incinération de déchets industriels spéciaux." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10118/document.
Full textThermal valorisation of meat and bone meal (MBM) by incineration generates combustion gases that are treated to respect atmospheric emission regulations. This thesis is about MBM and sewage sludge co-incineration in an industrial plant. Measurements have been made to determine the chemical composition of the gaseous (O2, CO2, H2O, NOx, SO2, HCl, NH3) and solid phases (C, H, O, N, S, Cl, Na, K, Ca, P, Fe, Si) in all inlets and outlets. A mass flow evaluation method is proposed and a material balance is performed. The final wastes of incineration consist of ashes and air pollution control residues (APCR), representing about 25 % of the incinerated mass. The ashes are mainly composed of calcium phosphates and the APCR are mainly Na-based salts. The efficiency of the acid gases and NOx treatment is estimated. The treatment includes sodium bicarbonate neutralisation and catalytic reduction by urea, carried out on two parallel pathways equipped with catalytic or non-catalytic ceramic filters. To complete the understanding of physico chemical reactions in the filtering cake, tests of SO2 absorption by Na2CO3, at 250 °C and 300 °C where performed in a laboratory reactor, showing the influence of temperature and particularly humidity. A modelling of the SO2 absorption by Na2CO3 is proposed, based on an absorption site number decrease with the surface recovering
Daumas, Sabine. "Étude et réalisation de support-matrices inertes par le procédé sol-gel pour l'incinération des actinides mineurs." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11073.
Full textAubert, Jean-Emmanuel. "Valorisation d'une cendre d'incinérateur d'ordures ménagères traitée par le procédé Revasol R dans des bétons hydrauliques." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30203.
Full textParganin, Pascale. "Etude de la transformation et de la valorisation d'une boue industrielle." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAL0051.
Full textFernández-Domínguez, Beatriz. "Etude de la production des fragments de fission issus de la réaction 208Pb+p à 500 AMeV." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2021.
Full textSoutrel, Frédéric. "Comportement de métaux purs (Fe, Ni, Cr ET Al) et de leurs alliages dans des conditions simulant celles rencontrées en incinérateur d'O. M." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10210.
Full textIn the last twenty years, the increase of volume of municipal waste to eliminate has led many European countries to develop incineration. The waste combustion leads to the formation of gases HC1 and S02, which can lead to very rapid degradation which necessitate stopping of the plants. For energetic output reasons, the tendency for waste to energy process is to increase the temperature. Rather than using very resistant but very expensive alloys to make superheater tubes, it can be interesting to apply coatings to carbon steels. In this study, we have tested individual components of alloys, but also binary or ternary alloys which could be used to coat metallic parts, in simulated waste environment. The first part of this work was the characterization of the compounds present in the deposits which are found on the superheaters and waterwall tubes in combustion chamber. These compounds (KC1, NaC1, CaS04) were then used individually in tests consisting to heat the metallic samples at 500eC, in contact with the synthetic ash and a oxidizing gazeous atmosphere containing HC1 and S02. Iron, nickel, chromium, aluminium, binary alloys (Ni-Cr, Fe-Cr, Ni-Al, Fe-Al) and ternary alloys (Ni-Cr-AI, Fe-Cr-AI) were tested in these conditions. Corrosion kinetics and mechanisms could be identified with use of thermogravimetry and characterization of the corrosion products (XRD, SEM, Electron microprobe and DSC). It could thus be found that alkaline components present in the ash have a determining influence on the corrosion processes
Chevalier, Jacques. "Élaboration d'un protocole d'analyse de cycle de vie des procédés : application aux traitements des fumées d'incinération des déchets ménagers." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0077.
Full textThis work consisted 1n making a protocol for life cycle assessment application to processes. This thesis enabled : *to demonstrate the feasibility of processes LCA, *to state that LCA is a decision making tool, *to propose a protocol to complete a process's LCA, *to apply this protocol to gas treatment processes. This protocol meets the following requirements: *it makes LCA easier to understand and more operational, *it respects the IS014040 standards, *it integrates multicriteria tool for decision making, *it proposes new methods to fill sorne LCA's gaps
Bernard, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'étude du traitement par plasma d'arc transféré de particules de types REFIOM : Etude des synergies d'évaporation." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO0040.
Full textThe aim of this study was the development of a high temperature process to treat fly ashes from municipal wastes incinerators by a transferred arc plasma working with argon. The goal of this work was the understanding of the evaporation phenomena of volatile and heavy metals during their vitrification in a plasma furnace