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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Incinerators; Refuse and refuse disposal

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Academic literature on the topic 'Incinerators; Refuse and refuse disposal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Incinerators; Refuse and refuse disposal"

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Kamiya, Akio, Youki Ose, and Yoshikazu Sakagami. "The mutagenicity of refuse leachate from a municipal incinerator." Science of The Total Environment 78 (January 1989): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(89)90027-2.

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Wadge, A., and M. Hutton. "The cadmium and lead content of suspended particulate matter emitted from a U.K. refuse incinerator." Science of The Total Environment 67, no. 1 (November 1987): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(87)90068-4.

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Raghavendra, Srinidhi Surya, and Nishita Ranadive. "Mercury Hygiene Practices followed in Dental Clinics in Pune: A Survey." World Journal of Dentistry 4, no. 2 (2013): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1210.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Amalgam has proved to be among the most versatile and durable of all restorative materials. Mercury in various forms has been found to be toxic. Dental personnel can be exposed to mercury in myriad ways like direct skin contact or exposure to mercury vapors through spillage or during various steps of restoration. Proper storage and recycling of waste amalgam has been a challenge. Waste amalgam and spent capsules may be disposed of in the general office refuse and they later enter municipal dumps or incinerators. Along with the need for amalgam recycling, the knowledge of the dentists about the deleterious effects, method of handling, effective storage and efficient disposal of amalgam scrap is vital. It was felt that the method used by the third party agency for disposing amalgam scrap should be mentioned. Materials and methods A confidential questionnaire was formed of close- and open-ended questions regarding the awareness of toxic effects of mercury, its handling and storage prior to disposal. This was distributed randomly to 100 private practitioners in Pune city, Maharashtra state, India. A response rate of 75% was obtained. The results were analyzed. Results All the dentists surveyed were aware of the toxic effects of mercury. Thirty-four percent were storing the scrap in the ADA-recommended method, 23% were replacing more than 5 to 10 amalgam restorations with esthetic alternatives per week, 32% used high volume evacuation while removing old fillings and 94% of them had evacuation into the common drain without any recapture systems. Conclusion We need to develop a comprehensive waste management plan for the disposal of amalgam scrap. Guidelines need to be established not only among the dentists but also with the waste disposal agency. This will go a long way in reducing the deleterious effects of mercury in the environment. How to cite this article Srinidhi SR, Ranadive N. Mercury Hygiene Practices followed in Dental Clinics in Pune: A Survey. World J Dent 2013;4(2):92-95.

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Dams, R., and F. Candreva. "Comment on “The cadmium and lead content of suspended particulate matter emitted from a U.K. refuse incinerator”." Science of The Total Environment 76, no. 2-3 (October 1988): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(88)90114-3.

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Stoewsand, Gilbert S., Judy L. Anderson, Carl A. Bache, and Donald J. Lisk. "Cadmium deposition and hepatic microsomal activity in mice fed swiss chard grown on municipal incinerator refuse ash." Science of The Total Environment 94, no. 3 (May 1990): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90174-s.

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Ito, Tomiya. "Sludge Incineration Process of Kyoto City – The Employment and Heat Balance of the Step Grate Stoker Furnace." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 10-12 (May 1, 1991): 1763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0631.

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Kyoto City, an ancient city of international tourism, has been actively constructing its public sewerage system as one of the most important policies of the city. As of April, 1989, 79.6% of the urbanization promotion area of the city has been sewered. The fully completed sewerage system will be established in 1994, the 1200th anniversary of the founding of the city as the ancient Heian capital of Japan. However, the increase of the sewered ratio effects a steady increase in the influent volume of wastewater. Due to the inland location of the city, sludge produced in the wastewater treatment plants has been landfilled after incineration, but recently the securing of appropriate sites for landfill is difficult, and hence sludge treatment and disposal is an important issue for Kyoto City. In order to minimize the ultimate disposal volume, incineration of the entire volume of sludge has been undertaken in early days of sewerage operations. This report introduces the sludge incineration system and assesses the newly adopted step grate stoker furnace. At present, Kyoto City has 4 treatment plants in operation. The Toba Treatment Plant, which has the largest treatment capacity receives sludge cake trucked from the Fushimi Treatment Plant and excess sludge pumped through pipes from the Kisshoin Treatment Plant, and incinerates the whole amount of sludge cake generated in the plant. The sludge cake produced at the Ishida Treatment Plant is incinerated at an adjacent refuse sanitation plant together with the municipal refuse from the city. The characteristics of sludge treatment systems are given in this report. The step grate stoker furnace system was introduced to reduce the final disposal volume and to save energy. Through comparison with the multiple-hearth furnace system the actual results of operation were verified. The volume of generated ash was decreased by more than 50%, and energy consumption was reduced by 77%, resulting in an 18% reduction of operating expenses.

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Kerdsuwan, Somrat, Krongkaew Laohalidanond, and Palita Chiyawong. "A Novel Hybrid Design of Incineration-Gasification for Energy Saving." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.95.

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Nowadays, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) becomes a crucial problem worldwide where it is created the impact to environment, social as well as health. The non-sanitary landfill is widespread used for waste disposal in the rural area because of its low investment and operation cost. However, it has negative effect on human health and environment. Thermal treatment of MSW by incineration is considered as an option for effective treatment technique due to the fast reduction in mass and volume of MSW. However, with high moisture content in MSW, it is necessary to use auxiliary fuel in order to maintain the high temperature of combustion process and led to the high operating cost, especially for the small scale incinerator without energy recovery. A novel hybrid incineration-gasification can be used in order to overcome this drawback by using a downdraft gasifier with Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) as feedstock to generate the syngas which can be substituted the auxiliary fuel. Hence, this study emphasizes on the development of a novel hybrid incineration-gasification as a cleaner technology to get rid of MSW generated with a destruction capacity of 30 ton per day (TPD). The novel system comprises of a controlled-air incinerator with two combustion chambers, automatic feeding machine and wet scrubber. A 100 kg/hr downdraft gasifier has aim to use RDF from dry fraction of MSW as feedstock to produce syngas to substitute the auxiliary fuel used in the secondary burner of the incinerator in order to maintain the desire its temperature. This cleaner and novel hybrid technology can implement to get rid of MSW properly for energy saving and sustainable development.

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Goldstein, L. "Refuse disposal." Analysis 62, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/62.3.236.

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Horn, Marguerite E. "“Garbage” In, “Refuse and Refuse Disposal” Out." Library Resources & Technical Services 46, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/lrts.46n3.92.

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M. C. Van Beek, C. C. M. Rindt, J. "Analysis of Fouling in Refuse Waste Incinerators." Heat Transfer Engineering 22, no. 1 (January 2001): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457630117134.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Incinerators; Refuse and refuse disposal"

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Kennedy, John Joseph. "An analysis of the Lehigh Valley Solid Waste Authority's incinerator project." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1988. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Brown, Eric Vincent. "Incinerator ash dissolution model for the system : plutonium, nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12166.

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Maharajh, Rajinder Jain. "Values and concerns in decision-making about a waste-reduction incinerator at Stormsriver, Tsitsikamma : a case study in applied ethics." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49805.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
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ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Tsitsikamma Forest, in the most southern part of the Eastern Cape, is part of the Cape Floral Kingdom, one of six such Kingdoms in the world. It has the richest area of plant bio-diversity and fauna in the world which are rare and endemic to the area. The deep gorges, temperate forests, un spoilt oceans and various other features such as the famous Bloukrantz River Bridge, where the world's highest bungi jumps take place are factors that have become the main source of job-creation and income for tourism and its inter-related activities. However, this ecosystem is also home to about 480 families who live in low-income housing at Stormsriver. This settlement which was relocated from the shack area of Coesa, nearby, has an unemployment index of 67% and a similar poverty index. In addition, the Stormsriver Village nearby has a population of about 300 families, mainly older retired white folks. The area is administered by the Koukamma Municipality which is an amalgam of several smaller municipalities viz., Clarkeson, Kareedouw, Stormsriver, Woodlands, Eerste River, ]oubertina and Bloukrantz. Waste reduction and the disposal thereof has always been a major concern to local authorities and the Koukamma Municipality is obviously faced with the same challenge. The authorities have resorted to the concept of landfill sites, which has proven to be the cheapest solution to date. But, with this option comes the problems of health risks to the poorer people who converge on the dump sites in search of food, the harm to children searching through rubbish heaps and the various legal repercussions emanating out of this practice. The option of open-burning and its related effects on human life and forest fires rules it out as an option. Transporting waste out of the area is also very costly. It was then resolved by the Koukamma Municipalities that the possibility of installing an incinerator at Stormsriver would be an option to be investigated. The reasoning behind the selection of this site was the concern of high unemployment in the Stormsriver area and extreme poverty and this venture would in some small measure create jobs, put food on the table and break the poverty cycle. The process of incineration gives rise to emissions such as dioxins and furans which is known to cause cancer, asthma and tuberculosis, if subjected in high doses over a long period of time. It is also regulated by the Atmospheric Pollution Act 45 of 1965. The important moral debate at the core of this problem is the whole question of humans rights and should these be violated solely because the subjects do not belong to an affluent class and should be shown less respect and have their health jeopardised by the toxic air from incineration. Or, should the people's poverty index rise further due to lack of employment. The question that also begs here is whether the well-being of the entire ecosystem, especially the rare and endangered plants and animals take preference over the well-being of the people of Stormsriver, given that the emissions from the incinerator will impact on the animal, bird and plant life, including that of water, soil and air. This would also put into jeopardy the income generated by Tourism and the jobs inherent in it for the locals and would threaten the area's sustainability. The various moral views of philosophers have been canvassed in order to come to a holistic understanding. I have in this vein looked at the views of ethicists such as Tibor Machan, who believes that animals and other organisms do not have any rights and are there purely for human consumption. Then the views of Peter Singer and Tom Regan have also been included, in which consideration is shown to animals. Others such as AIda Leopold, J. Baird Callicott and Paul Taylor whose thinking extends to that of not just showing respect for a single entity but allows for equal respect for all members of the biotic community, have also been. considered. Various solutions have thereafter been considered and amongst those are the relocation of the incinerator out of the Stormsriver, moving the plant to the industrial zone at Kareedouw, transporting the waste out to Port Elizabeth, dumping and finally the 'Do Nothing' option. Using Paul Taylor's "respect for nature" ethics as a guide, I have come to the conclusion that the installation of a waste-reduction incinerator at Stormsriver, Tsitsikamma, may be supported subject to a set of serious riders and conditions in that firstly, the health of the immediate and surrounding inhabitants should not be affected in any way whatsoever. Secondly, the well-being of the non-human environment which must include air, soil, water and plant life, including the animal and bird life must not be harmed in any way. In this way all members of the biotic community will be shown equal respect, thus creating a viable and sustainable community
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Tsitsikamma Woude, in die mees suidelike deel van the Oos-Kaap, is deel van die "Cape Floral Kingdom", een van ses sulke woudgebiede in die wêreld. Dit beskerm die rykste area van plant bio-verskeidenheid asook fauna wat skaars is in die wêreld en slegs daar gevind word. Die diep bergpasse. gemagtigde woude en ongerepte oseaan, tesame met die beroemde Bloukransrivier brug waar die wêreld se hoogste bungi spronge plaasvind is faktore wat bygedra het dat werkskepping en inkomste hoofsaaklik uit toerisme en verwante bedrywe afkomstig is. Hierdie eko-sisteem is ook die tuiste vir ongeveer 480 gesinne wat in sub-ekonomiese huise in Stormsrivier woon. Hierdie gemeenskappie wat vanaf die naby geleë Coesa hervesig is, het 'n werkloosheid sowel as armoede syfer van 67%. Bykomend is daar die Stormsriver nedersetting daar naby met 'n bevolking van 300 families, hoofsaaklik ouer, afgetrede blankes. Die gebied word bestuur deur die Koukamma Munisipaliteit wat in 'n samesmelting van 'n hele paar kleiner munisipaliteite is o.a Clarkson, Kareedouw, Stormsrivier, Woodlands, Eerste Rivier, ]oubertina en Bloukrans. Die vermindering van afvalstowwe asook die verwydering daarvan was maar altyd 'n groet kopseer vir die plaaslike owerhede en dit geld nou ook vir die Koukamma Munisipaliteit. Die owerhede het besluit op die konsep van afvalstortings areas omdat dit die goedkoopste oplossing tot nou toe is. Met hierdie opsie kom egter die probleem van gesondheids risiko's vir die armer gemeenskappe (mense) wat op hierdie stortings terreine toesak op soek na kos, die beserings wat kinders opdoen wat die gemors deursoek asook die wettige terugslag wat hierdie praktyk totgevolg het. Die gevaar van oop vure en die effek wat dit sou hê op mense en die woud self maak dat hierdie opsie nie oorweeg word nie. Ook is dit te duur om afvalstowwe uit die gebied uit te vervoer. Die Koukamma Munisipaliteit het toe besluit om die instállering van 'n verbrandingsoond by Stormsrivier te ondersoek. Die rede om hierdie gebied te kies was die hoë werkloosheid syfer en armoede in Stormsrivier. Hierdie besluit sou werkskepping, kos op die tafel en die verbreking van die armoede-siklus tot gevolg hê. Die proses van verbranding het aanleiding gegee tot die nuwe gevare van skadelike afval produkte van dioksiede en furane wat kanker, asma en tuberkulose tot gevolg het as mense vir lang periodes aan hoë dosisse blootgestel word. Hierdie uitstraling word ook deur die "Atmosferiese Besoedelingswet 45 van 1965" gereguleer. Die belangrike morele debat wat die kern van hierdie probleem vorm is die vraag na menseregte en of die menseregte geskend kan word bloot omdat die mense in die gebied nie aan 'n gegoede klas behoort nie moet daar minder respek aan hulle getoon word en moet hul gesondheid in die weeg skaal geplaas word deur die giftige lug as gevolg van die verbrandering van afvalstowwe, of moet werkloosheid verder styg as gevolg van die gebrek aan werk? Die ander vraag wat gevra moet word is of die welvaart van die hele ekosisteem, veral die van skaars en bedreigde plante en diere voorkeur moet geniet bo die welvaart van die mense van Stormsrivier gegee die feit dat die uitstraling van die verbrandingsoond ook 'n inpak gaan hê op die diere, voëls en plant lewe inkluisend op water, grond en lug. Dit sal ook die inkomste wat uit Toerisme voort gebring word, en die werksgeleenthede vir die plaaslike mense wat daarmee gepaard gaan, in die weegskaal plaas asook die gebied se standhoudendheid bedreig. Die verskeie standpunte van filosowe is na gekyk ten einde tot 'n holistiese verstaan van die situasie te kom. Langs hierdie weg het ek dan na die etiese standpunt van Tibor Machan gekyk. Tibor Machan glo dat diere en ander organismes geen regte het nie en dat hulle daar is vir die uitsluitlike gebruik deur mense. Die standpunte van Peter Singer en Tom Regan, wat 'n mate van sorgsaamheid teenoor diere toon, is ook in ag geneem. Andere wie se standpunte in ag geneem is, is Aldo Leipold,J. Baird Callicot and Paul Taylor. Hulle denkrigting maak voorsiening daarvoor dat respek nie net aan 'n enkele entiteit getoon moet word nie, maar aan almal wat in 'n biotiese gemeenskap saamwoon. Verskeie oplossings is hierna oorweeg onder andere die verskuiwing van die verbrandingsoond buite Stormsrivier na die industriële gebied in Kareedouw, die vervoer van die afval na Port Elizabeth, storting asook die "Doen Niks" opsie. Ek het as etiese riglyn Paul Tayor se "respekteer vir natuur" gebruik en het tot die slotsoom gekom dat die iristallering van 'n afval verminderings verbrandingsoond te Stormsrivier ondersteun kan word met ernstige voorbehoude en voorwaardes deurdat, eerstens, die gesondheid van die onmiddelike en omliggende inwoners op geen manier hoegenaamd aangetas moet word nie. Tweedens, die welvaart van die nie-lewende omgewing met inagneming van lug, grond, water en plantlewe, insluitende die diere en voëls moet op geen manier geskaad word nie. Op hieride maruer sal almal wat deel uitmaak van die biotiese gemeenskap gelyke respek betoon word wat die daarstelling van 'n lewensvatbare en standhoudende gemeenskap tot gevolg sal hê.

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Kwan, Woon-yin Patrick. "Policy review on domestic waste management in selected places." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-sa-b22107149a.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2007.
"A capstone project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in Public Policy and Management at City University of Hong Kong." Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Oct. 12, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

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Cheng, Hoi-cheung. "Planning on treatments of solid domestic waste in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19131756.

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Wilson, Bruce Gordon. "Systems modelling of municipal solid waste collection operations /." *McMaster only, 2001.

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Anderson, Dylan Fitzgerald. "Who's going to pay to throw it away? : a study considering the use of green taxes in domestic waste management in South Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09enva546.pdf.

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Tong, Cheuk-kei. "Municipal waste management in Shanghai, 1866-1949." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41634032.

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Nicholls, Philip Herschel. "A review of issues relating to the disposal of urban waste in Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide : an environmental history." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn6153.pdf.

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Bibliography: p. 367-392. This thesis takes an overview of urban waste disposal practices in Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide since the time of their respective settlement by Europeans through to the year 2000. The narrative identifies how such factors as the growth of representative government, the emergence of a bureaucracy, the visitation of bubonic plague, changed perceptions of risk, and the rise of the environmental movement, have directly influenced urban waste disposal outcomes.

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Leung, Carolina. "A review of the 1989 waste disposal plan /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21301712.

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Books on the topic "Incinerators; Refuse and refuse disposal"

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Spiegel & McDiarmid. and National League of Cities, eds. Municipal incinerators--50 questions every local government should ask. Washington, D.C: The League, 1988.

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Kurashi no naka no gomi taisaku. Tōkyō: Nikkan Shobō, 1990.

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Agency, Illinois Environmental Protection. Burn barrels: Your questions answered. Springfield, Ill: Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, 2003.

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Fernandes, Tony. Guide to the code of practice for small incinerators. Edmonton: Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development, 2012.

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Ontario. Ministry of Environment and Energy. Combustion and air pollution control requirements for new municipal waste incinerators: Guideline A-7. Toronto, Ont: The Ministry, 1995.

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Daiokishin-rui no hōkisei to taisaku gijutsu: Gomi shōkyaku shisetsu. Tōkyō: Ōmusha, 2001.

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H, Warland Rex, and Smith D. Clayton, eds. Don't burn it here: Grassroots challenges to trash incinerators. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997.

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W, Crowder Jerry, ed. Control of emissions from municipal solid waste incinerators. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Data Corp., 1989.

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Francois, Screve, ed. Waste-to-energy: Technologies and project implementation. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2011.

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Kazmierczak, T. AEC pilot-scale incinerator control system. Vegreville, Alta: Alberta Environmental Centre, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Incinerators; Refuse and refuse disposal"

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Howard, Christopher A. "Refuse Disposal." In An Introduction to Building Services, 73–75. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09259-8_9.

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Lowbury, E. J. L., G. A. J. Ayliffe, A. M. Geddes, and J. D. Williams. "Laundry, Kitchen Hygiene and Refuse Disposal." In Control of Hospital Infection, 172–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6884-5_11.

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Daniels, W. Lee, and Barry R. Stewart. "Reclamation of Appalachian Coal Refuse Disposal Areas." In Agronomy Monographs, 433–59. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr41.c17.

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Seidel, K., and H. Happel. "Elimination of the Toxic Seepage Water at the Kirchlengern Refuse Disposal Site Using More Complex Plants." In Contaminated Soil ’88, 763–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2807-7_123.

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Buffoli, Maddalena, Andrea Rebecchi, Carlo Signorelli, and Stefano Capolongo. "Waste-to-Energy as a Method of Refuse Disposal: An Analysis of Sustainable Technologies and Their Environmental Impact." In Handbook of Solid Waste Management, 1–13. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7525-9_85-1.

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"Refuse disposal." In Building Services and Equipment, 145–49. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315843537-17.

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"refuse disposal [n]." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning, 805. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_11249.

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"Refuse Disposal Patterns:." In Fragile Biography, 132–55. Peeters Publishers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1q26z8q.11.

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DUNN, C. L., and D. D. PANDYA. "The Disposal of Refuse." In Indian Hygiene and Public Health, 63–72. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-0068-2.50009-7.

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MODI, RAI BAHADUR JAISING P. "THE DISPOSAL OF REFUSE." In Elements of Hygiene and Public Health, 203–47. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4831-9734-0.50020-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Incinerators; Refuse and refuse disposal"

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Adeyemo, Joke O., Oludayo O. Olugbara, and Emmanuel Adetiba. "Smart city technology based architecture for refuse disposal management." In 2016 IST-Africa Week Conference. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/istafrica.2016.7530704.

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Ali-Qureshi, Zulfiqar. "Integrated Top Down Dynamic and Hybrid Life Cycle Analysis Based Sustainable Design Approaches for New Product Development." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-29131.

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Environment friendly design methodology is a valid trade-off between the degrees of freedom and the sustainable solution. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a powerful tool to calculate the environmental impact from the product and the manufacturing systems from cradle to grave including the consumption of all types of the resources. However, complexity of the LCA restricts its usefulness in the current state-of-the-art product and process system development. Most often, companies ignore to adopt a top-down approach and make a post manufacturing environmental audit. In fast-paced new product design process, the longevity of the product and the process development time has been reduced to its lowest level. Therefore, it has become rather difficult to meet the increasing competition of involving change, quicker response to the market as there exists a rapid change in the market economy. Infact the broader design principles suggests to create a product with sole functions and the architecture with no waste or refuse of recycling or refuse of incinerators to go in to grave of the land fill. Therefore, the preliminary design stages are simple and a bottom-up approach for the environmentally-conscience design is insufficient. Thus, the proposal is to make more functionally-oriented set of specific principles to not only directly satisfy the regulations but also provide design valuable attribute. In this context, an integrated top down dynamic & hybrid life cycle analysis-based design approach is presented to address above-mentioned issues with the company policy perspective and to satisfy the regulations and national/international standards in the wake of emerging localization paradigm in manufacturing system.

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Gesell, Greg, and Stephen Langham. "Handling Oahu’s Waste Disposal." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2346.

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Oahu has special needs and requirements when it comes to dealing with solid waste on the island. The City and County of Honolulu has successfully addressed this problem in the past and is working on solutions for the future. Five percent of the island’s electrical power has been generated reliably from the 2000 tons per day of waste processed by their H-POWER Waste-to-Energy Facility. The facility has been processing waste for nearly twenty years and the volume of refuse going to the landfill is reduced by 90 percent. Honolulu is considering the best solutions for the island’s waste for the coming years. Waste-to-energy works in partnership with recycling to reduce the island’s increasing waste volumes. Recycling programs are in place and additional recycling measures are being considered. Landfill space is limited and questions exist regarding the ongoing use of the existing landfill and what will happen when it is closed. In an island setting, some alternatives available to other areas such as long haul to distant landfills are not available to bridge solid waste issues. Therefore practical solutions must be found and implemented in a timely manner. A number of initiatives and plans are in development. Measures are underway to prepare the H-POWER facility for future emission requirements and operation for the next twenty years. Steps have been taken toward expansion of the existing facility. Permitting and negotiations with agencies and utilities are under way. This paper will explore and expand upon these issues showing how they are interrelated to one another.

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Mueller, Christian, Manfred Frach, Marc Tirkschleit, Danny Tandra, and Charlie Breeding. "Fuel-Specific On-Load Boiler Cleaning Solutions in Waste Incineration Plants: Challenges, Concepts, Experiences." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3526.

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The range of fuels fed to waste incineration plants extends from well-sorted domestic refuse through mixed waste fractions to fuel mixtures that may additionally contain various types of hazardous waste and biomass. This diversity results in a great number of fuel and ash compositions. Among these are fuels with a high calorific value as well as with a low calorific value and simple fuel ashes just as highly problematic fuel ashes. The latter can lead to increased slagging in the combustion chamber and fouling in the open passes of waste incineration plants as well as accelerated corrosion. The plant operator is consequently faced with considerable challenges associated with unscheduled boiler downtime and production losses. The paper describes how fuel specific process know-how is applied in combination with fully automated, efficient onload boiler cleaning systems to control the slagging issues. The paper describes a system which utilizes water as the cleaning medium. The system allows the targeted cleaning of waste incinerators during operation. This paper points out challenges faced by plant operators and suppliers of boiler cleaning technology caused by the heterogeneous fuel composition, and describes in well monitored case studies how these challenges can be successfully met.

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Chin Aleong, Ashley Renae, and Rodney R. Jagai. "Incineration as a Means of CO2 Reduction." In SPE Trinidad and Tobago Section Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200956-ms.

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Abstract Incineration is a method of waste management, which is quickly taking a prominent role in munic ipa l authorities all over the world. The introduction of smokeless incinerators aids in decreasing adverse environmental impacts, making this technology a viable alternative to landfills. Modern designs and advancements in incineration processes focus on enhancements in energy efficiency and reductions in emissions of CO2, thus creating an avenue for sustainable energy. It is a means to combat organic substances in waste and separate dangerous gases and particulates from flue gas. Modern incinerators have efficient emission control systems that use multiple techniques for the elimination, at source, of potentially hazardous emissions and automatically control the rate of combustion. Smokeless combustion can be achieved through a combination of temperature, time and turbulence. The range of test incinerators used for this study covers a broad spectrum of usage reduces munic ipa l solid waste to a mere 0.3% of its original state. Reductions in CO2 are directly correlated to decreases in the amount of waste to be transported to off-site landfills, thus reducing the number of trips to and from same. Such reductions are in tandem with the goal of carbon neutrality, or rather, carbon net-zero, which requires the sequestration of an equal amount of CO2 produced. Comparisons are provided for reductions of CO2 as a result of the reduction in the burning of diesel by backload refuse trucks. Case studies are presented for communities with a significant general waste generation where CO2 emission from the waste pickup and transport to and from landfills are compared to that of CO2 emissions after the installation of a smokeless incinerator unit in a central community area. The most significant finding is that CO2 emissions are reduced by approximately 50% in most cases, with the introduction of these units. The introduction of these smokeless incinerator units can combat waste management woes in a shorter space of time, in parallel with achieving environmental targets such as that of Carbon Neutrality.

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Schauer, Raymond H. "Keeping Up With Growth by Recommitting to a Long-Term Waste-to-Energy Future." In 16th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec16-1902.

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The Solid Waste Authority of Palm Beach County (Authority) has owned the North County Resources Recovery Facility (NCRRF) since 1989, producing clean, economical and renewable energy from refuse derived fuel while preserving precious landfill space. As with any facility as it approaches the end of its first 20-year operating term, the Authority found it necessary to initiate a comprehensive refurbishment to ensure its continued effective operations. The operating agreement between the Authority and the Palm Beach Resource Recovery Corporation (PBRRC), a subsidiary of Babcock & Wilcox (B&W), is set to expire concurrently with the end of the this 20-year term. The Authority acknowledged that PBRRC has unparalleled institutional knowledge of the NCRRF and, as such, took the opportunity to renegotiate its operating agreement with PBRRC for an additional 20-year term. The Authority was also able to build into the new operating agreement conditions for PBRRC to provide assistance to a third party design-builder performing the refurbishment. Additionally, understanding that B&W produced many of the key combustion unit components of the original NCRRF construction, the Authority worked into the new agreement terms for B&W to provide several essential components for the refurbishment that will be installed by the design-builder. When the refurbishment is completed in 2011, the Authority will still only have disposal capacity through 2021 with its existing landfill. To be able to keep up with rapid growth in Palm Beach County, the Authority has initiated the due diligence phase for the development of a new mass burn waste-to-energy facility and landfill that will expand the disposal capacity of the Authority’s system for more than 100 years.

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Schauer, Raymond H., Leah K. Richter, and Tom Henderson. "Renewable Energy Expansion: A Model for the New Generation of Facilities." In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5428.

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Created in 1978, the Solid Waste Authority of Palm Beach County (Authority) has developed an “award winning” solid waste management system that includes franchised solid waste collections and the following facilities to service the residents and businesses in Palm Beach County, Florida: • North County Resource Recovery Facility (NCRRF); • Residential and Commercial Recovered Materials Processing Facility; • Five Transfer Stations; • Class I Landfill; • Class III Landfill; • Biosolids Pelletization Facility; • Ferrous Processing Facility; • Woody Waste Recycling Facility; • Composting Facility; and • Household Hazardous Waste Facility. The Authority has proactively planned and implemented its current integrated solid waste management program to ensure disposal capacity through 2021. However, even in consideration of the current economic climate, the Authority anticipates continued population growth and associated new development patterns that will significantly increase demands on its solid waste system, requiring it to reevaluate and update its planning to accommodate future growth. The NCRRF, the Authority’s refuse derived fuel waste-to-energy facility, has performed very well since its start up in 1989 processing over 13 million tons of MSW, saving valuable landfill space and efficiently producing clean renewable energy. As the NCRRF has reached the end of its first 20 year operating term, it became necessary to complete a comprehensive refurbishment to ensure its continued reliable service for a second 20 year term and beyond providing for continued disposal capacity and energy production for the Authority’s customers. Separately, the Authority also recognized that the refurbishment alone will not provide any additional disposal capacity for the County. The County’s anticipated growth necessitated that the Authority evaluate several options for long-term processing and disposal capacity, resulting in a decision to expand its WTE capacity with a new mass burn facility, the first facility of its kind to be constructed in Florida in more than a decade, reaffirming its commitment to waste-to-energy. The planned 3,000 TPD expansion will provide a total disposal capacity of 5,000 TPD generating approximately 150MW of renewable energy. The decision to proceed with the expansion was approved by the Authority’s Board in October 2008. The Authority, with its Consulting Engineer, Malcolm Pirnie, Inc., has since made significant progress in the facility’s implementation including the completion of the preliminary design, submittal of environmental permit applications, ongoing procurement of a full service vendor, issuance of revenue bonds for project financing, and commencing extensive public outreach. This paper will focus on the development of the new mass burn facility and an update of the status of activities conducted to date including, permitting, financing, vendor procurement, design, and public outreach, as well as will highlight several innovative design, procurement, permitting, and financing features of this landmark project for the Authority, such as: • Utilization of SCR technology for control of NOx emission; • Incorporation of rainwater harvesting and water reuse; • Utilization of iterative procurement process designed to obtain vendor input in a competitive environment; and • Financing approach designed to preserve alternative minimum tax benefits.

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Schauer, Raymond H., and Joseph Krupa. "Recommitting to a Long Term Waste to Energy Future Through a Comprehensive Refurbishment Program." In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5427.

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Created in 1978, the Solid Waste Authority of Palm Beach County (Authority) has developed an “award winning” solid waste management system that includes franchised solid waste collections and the following facilities to service the residents and businesses in Palm Beach County, Florida: • North County Resource Recovery Facility (NCRRF); • Residential and Commercial Recovered Materials Processing Facility; • Five Transfer Stations; • Class I Landfill; • Class III Landfill; • Biosolids Pelletization Facility; • Ferrous Processing Facility; • Woody Waste Recycling Facility; • Composting Facility; and • Household Hazardous Waste Facility. The Authority has proactively planned and implemented its current integrated solid waste management program to ensure disposal capacity through 2021. However, like many communities, the Authority anticipates continued population growth and associated new development patterns that will significantly increase demands on its solid waste system, requiring it to reevaluate and update its planning to accommodate future growth. The NCRRF, the Authority’s refuse derived fuel waste-to-energy facility, has performed very well since its start up in 1989 processing over 13 million tons of MSW, saving valuable landfill space and efficiently producing clean, renewable energy. As the NCRRF approached the end of its first 20 year operating term, it became necessary to complete a comprehensive refurbishment to ensure its continued reliable service for a second 20 year term and beyond providing for continued disposal capacity and energy production for the Authority’s customers. The Authority renegotiated and extended its operating agreement with the Palm Beach Resource Recovery Corporation (PBRRC), a Babcock & Wilcox Company, for an additional 20-year term. The Authority selected BE&K Construction Company (BE&K) and entered into an Engineering, Procurement, and Construction contract (EPC Contract) to perform the refurbishment. The Authority, with assistance from its Consulting Engineer, Malcolm Pirnie, Inc., developed the minimum technical requirements and negotiated the EPC Contract with BE&K. The design and procurement efforts were completed in early 2009 and on-site construction refurbishment activities commenced in November 2009. The refurbishment has a total estimated cost of $205 million. The refurbishment work is sequenced with the intent that one boiler train will remain operational to reduce the impact to the Authority’s landfill and maximize electrical production and revenues during the refurbishment period. This presentation will focus on the improvements to operations as a result of the refurbishment and its positive effects on the Authority’s integrated solid waste management system.

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McLarty, Rebecca, Valerie Going, and Raymond Schauer. "An Introduction to the Cascading Water Management System for Sustainable Water Conservation at Waste-to-Energy Facilities." In 20th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec20-7044.

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Currently, there are 86 communities in the U.S. which employ waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities as a means of high quality solid waste disposal. The WTE process beneficially produces electricity while reducing the volume of landfill waste by up to 90 percent, thereby extending the remaining life of a community’s landfill more than ten-fold. However, the traditional WTE process requires a significant volume of water. This interdependency is often referred to as the “water-energy nexus.” An innovative approach was needed to optimize water conservation for a new 3,000-ton-per-day (TPD) mass burn WTE facility in Palm Beach County (PBREF2). With this in mind, a cascading water management system (CWMS) was developed that uses alternative water supply sources and a cascading hierarchy of water systems that maximize reuse to meet the new facility’s water needs. The selection of an air-cooled condenser to be used for cooling purposes, instead of the wet cooling systems traditionally in place at these facilities will also significantly reduce the amount of water needed in the overall process. The WTE facility will be constructed adjacent to an existing 2,000-TPD refuse-derived fuel facility (PBREF1), allowing beneficial reuse of some of the cooling tower blowdown from the RDF facility as a source of supply water in the new facility. The reuse of this process wastewater will conserve clean water sources that otherwise would have to be used as a source of makeup to the new facility, as well as reduce the amount of wastewater disposed through deep-well injection from the RDF facility. Harvested rainwater and industrial supply well water will also be used as alternative sources of supply to the new facility. The innovative CWMS will maximize reuse and reduce the amount of makeup water needed to the system. As water conservation continues to be of high concern in all areas of the globe, this concept can be applied to other WTE and industrial facilities. This paper will provide an overview of the innovative CWMS that has been designed for the PBREF2 facility.

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Gesell, Greg H., Stephen Langham, Robert L. Margolis, John R. Nelson, and Joshua R. Miller. "H-POWER Facility Expansion." In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5426.

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The City and County of Honolulu on the Island of Oahu in the Hawaiian chain has been taking steps to reduce the need for landfilling and to continue to be self-sufficient for waste disposal. For an island, having the capacity to process all of its waste is crucial and producing power helps reduce reliance on imported fossil fuels. The City and County relies upon its waste-to-energy facility to manage the waste stream. The existing H-POWER Waste-to-Energy (WTE) Facility, which has been in operation for about twenty years, is a 2,000 ton-per-day (tpd) refuse derived fuel (RDF) two-unit plant with a single condensing steam turbine generator. Recent actions to enhance and expand the H-POWER Facility have been undertaken to ensure the needs to the island will be met for the foreseeable future. Enhancements and an expansion of the existing H-POWER Facility have begun and are well into construction. The enhancements will improve environmental performance and reliability and the expansion will add nearly fifty percent to the facility capacity. When complete, the expanded facility will have a number of unique features that will improve its ability to manage more types of municipal solid waste. The facility expansion will utilize mass burn technology in a single 900 tpd combustion unit with an associated turbine generator. The expansion unit will feature fabric filters for particulate control and state-of-the-art Covanta Very Low NOx (VLN™) technology intended to reduce NOx emissions well below that achieved with conventional selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) used at many other WTE plants in the USA. Independent of the expansion, the existing facility has been retrofitted with new fabric filters and induced-draft fans, which offer greater particulate and heavy metal control and improve control of other emissions. The existing facility is also getting much-needed improvements to boost reliability for many years to come. When the expansion comes on line, the facility will reliably generate about 7 percent of the island’s electrical power as opposed to 5 percent from the current 2,000 tpd of waste processed. This paper explores progress to date on the revitalization of the H-POWER Facility and its expansion.

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Reports on the topic "Incinerators; Refuse and refuse disposal"

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DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE WASHINGTON DC. Socioeconomic Impact Analysis Study. Disposal and Refuse of Carswell Air Force Base, Texas. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada277687.

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Wright, Thomas. Government Policy and Private Organizational Forms: Analysis of Refuse Collection and Disposal in Three Metropolitan Cities. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1174.

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Henghu Sun and Yuan Yao. Research and Development of a New Silica-Alumina Based Cementitious Material Largely Using Coal Refuse for Mine Backfill, Mine Sealing and Waste Disposal Stabilization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1048945.

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Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-90-348-2135, Grosse Pointes-Clinton Refuse Disposal Authority, Mount Clemens, Michigan. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshheta903482135.

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