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Journal articles on the topic 'Incinerators; Refuse and refuse disposal'

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1

Kamiya, Akio, Youki Ose, and Yoshikazu Sakagami. "The mutagenicity of refuse leachate from a municipal incinerator." Science of The Total Environment 78 (January 1989): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(89)90027-2.

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2

Wadge, A., and M. Hutton. "The cadmium and lead content of suspended particulate matter emitted from a U.K. refuse incinerator." Science of The Total Environment 67, no. 1 (November 1987): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(87)90068-4.

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3

Raghavendra, Srinidhi Surya, and Nishita Ranadive. "Mercury Hygiene Practices followed in Dental Clinics in Pune: A Survey." World Journal of Dentistry 4, no. 2 (2013): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1210.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Amalgam has proved to be among the most versatile and durable of all restorative materials. Mercury in various forms has been found to be toxic. Dental personnel can be exposed to mercury in myriad ways like direct skin contact or exposure to mercury vapors through spillage or during various steps of restoration. Proper storage and recycling of waste amalgam has been a challenge. Waste amalgam and spent capsules may be disposed of in the general office refuse and they later enter municipal dumps or incinerators. Along with the need for amalgam recycling, the knowledge of the dentists about the deleterious effects, method of handling, effective storage and efficient disposal of amalgam scrap is vital. It was felt that the method used by the third party agency for disposing amalgam scrap should be mentioned. Materials and methods A confidential questionnaire was formed of close- and open-ended questions regarding the awareness of toxic effects of mercury, its handling and storage prior to disposal. This was distributed randomly to 100 private practitioners in Pune city, Maharashtra state, India. A response rate of 75% was obtained. The results were analyzed. Results All the dentists surveyed were aware of the toxic effects of mercury. Thirty-four percent were storing the scrap in the ADA-recommended method, 23% were replacing more than 5 to 10 amalgam restorations with esthetic alternatives per week, 32% used high volume evacuation while removing old fillings and 94% of them had evacuation into the common drain without any recapture systems. Conclusion We need to develop a comprehensive waste management plan for the disposal of amalgam scrap. Guidelines need to be established not only among the dentists but also with the waste disposal agency. This will go a long way in reducing the deleterious effects of mercury in the environment. How to cite this article Srinidhi SR, Ranadive N. Mercury Hygiene Practices followed in Dental Clinics in Pune: A Survey. World J Dent 2013;4(2):92-95.
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4

Dams, R., and F. Candreva. "Comment on “The cadmium and lead content of suspended particulate matter emitted from a U.K. refuse incinerator”." Science of The Total Environment 76, no. 2-3 (October 1988): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(88)90114-3.

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5

Stoewsand, Gilbert S., Judy L. Anderson, Carl A. Bache, and Donald J. Lisk. "Cadmium deposition and hepatic microsomal activity in mice fed swiss chard grown on municipal incinerator refuse ash." Science of The Total Environment 94, no. 3 (May 1990): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90174-s.

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6

Ito, Tomiya. "Sludge Incineration Process of Kyoto City – The Employment and Heat Balance of the Step Grate Stoker Furnace." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 10-12 (May 1, 1991): 1763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0631.

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Kyoto City, an ancient city of international tourism, has been actively constructing its public sewerage system as one of the most important policies of the city. As of April, 1989, 79.6% of the urbanization promotion area of the city has been sewered. The fully completed sewerage system will be established in 1994, the 1200th anniversary of the founding of the city as the ancient Heian capital of Japan. However, the increase of the sewered ratio effects a steady increase in the influent volume of wastewater. Due to the inland location of the city, sludge produced in the wastewater treatment plants has been landfilled after incineration, but recently the securing of appropriate sites for landfill is difficult, and hence sludge treatment and disposal is an important issue for Kyoto City. In order to minimize the ultimate disposal volume, incineration of the entire volume of sludge has been undertaken in early days of sewerage operations. This report introduces the sludge incineration system and assesses the newly adopted step grate stoker furnace. At present, Kyoto City has 4 treatment plants in operation. The Toba Treatment Plant, which has the largest treatment capacity receives sludge cake trucked from the Fushimi Treatment Plant and excess sludge pumped through pipes from the Kisshoin Treatment Plant, and incinerates the whole amount of sludge cake generated in the plant. The sludge cake produced at the Ishida Treatment Plant is incinerated at an adjacent refuse sanitation plant together with the municipal refuse from the city. The characteristics of sludge treatment systems are given in this report. The step grate stoker furnace system was introduced to reduce the final disposal volume and to save energy. Through comparison with the multiple-hearth furnace system the actual results of operation were verified. The volume of generated ash was decreased by more than 50%, and energy consumption was reduced by 77%, resulting in an 18% reduction of operating expenses.
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7

Kerdsuwan, Somrat, Krongkaew Laohalidanond, and Palita Chiyawong. "A Novel Hybrid Design of Incineration-Gasification for Energy Saving." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.95.

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Nowadays, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) becomes a crucial problem worldwide where it is created the impact to environment, social as well as health. The non-sanitary landfill is widespread used for waste disposal in the rural area because of its low investment and operation cost. However, it has negative effect on human health and environment. Thermal treatment of MSW by incineration is considered as an option for effective treatment technique due to the fast reduction in mass and volume of MSW. However, with high moisture content in MSW, it is necessary to use auxiliary fuel in order to maintain the high temperature of combustion process and led to the high operating cost, especially for the small scale incinerator without energy recovery. A novel hybrid incineration-gasification can be used in order to overcome this drawback by using a downdraft gasifier with Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) as feedstock to generate the syngas which can be substituted the auxiliary fuel. Hence, this study emphasizes on the development of a novel hybrid incineration-gasification as a cleaner technology to get rid of MSW generated with a destruction capacity of 30 ton per day (TPD). The novel system comprises of a controlled-air incinerator with two combustion chambers, automatic feeding machine and wet scrubber. A 100 kg/hr downdraft gasifier has aim to use RDF from dry fraction of MSW as feedstock to produce syngas to substitute the auxiliary fuel used in the secondary burner of the incinerator in order to maintain the desire its temperature. This cleaner and novel hybrid technology can implement to get rid of MSW properly for energy saving and sustainable development.
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8

Goldstein, L. "Refuse disposal." Analysis 62, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/62.3.236.

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9

Horn, Marguerite E. "“Garbage” In, “Refuse and Refuse Disposal” Out." Library Resources & Technical Services 46, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/lrts.46n3.92.

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10

M. C. Van Beek, C. C. M. Rindt, J. "Analysis of Fouling in Refuse Waste Incinerators." Heat Transfer Engineering 22, no. 1 (January 2001): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457630117134.

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11

Van Beek, M. C., C. C. M. Rindt, J. G. Wijers, and A. A. Van Steenhoven. "Analysis of Fouling in Refuse Waste Incinerators." Heat Transfer Engineering 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457630150215695.

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12

Tejima, H., T. Amamoto, M. Kawashima, and S. Sakai. "PCDD/Fs reduction in batch type refuse incinerators." Chemosphere 29, no. 9-11 (November 1994): 2107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(94)90378-6.

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13

Gifford-Gonzalez, Diane. "Constructing Community Through Refuse Disposal." African Archaeological Review 31, no. 2 (June 2014): 339–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-014-9159-2.

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14

Uchida, Shigeo, Hiroshi Kamo, and Hiroshi Kubota. "The source of hydrogen chloride emission from municipal refuse incinerators." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 27, no. 11 (November 1988): 2188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00083a040.

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15

Turner, W. D. "Energy recovery from mass burning of refuse in waterwalled incinerators." Energy 10, no. 1 (January 1985): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(85)90018-0.

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16

Chang, Yang-Chi, Po-Chuan Lai, and Meng-Tsung Lee. "An integrated approach for operational knowledge acquisition of refuse incinerators." Expert Systems with Applications 33, no. 2 (August 2007): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2006.05.008.

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17

Deprez, Patrick P., Michael Arens, and Helen Locher. "Identification and assessment of contaminated sites at Casey Station, Wilkes Land, Antarctica." Polar Record 35, no. 195 (October 1999): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400015655.

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AbstractIn December 1993 a study of contaminated sites at Casey Station, Wilkes Land, Antarctica, was undertaken. The preliminary assessment of these contaminated sites is presented here. A register of contaminated sites for Casey Station was developed, based on a survey of past Antarctic expeditioners, relevant literature, and in-house reports relating to site usage and history. On this basis a sampling strategy was devised for the highest priority, potentially contaminated sites at Casey Station. Samples were collected from the refuse disposal site (tip site) at Thala Valley and the mechanical workshop/powerhouse areas of ‘Old’ Casey. The results indicated that copper, lead, and zinc were leaching from the tip site into adjacent Brown Bay, with ‘hot spots’ of high petroleum hydrocarbon levels. The mechanical workshop/powerhouse area was also shown to be contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals such as copper, lead, and zinc. Several recommendations were made, including the removal of rubbish mixed with soil at the bottom end of Thala Valley in such a manner as to prevent any further release of contaminants, with subsequent site monitoring to verify effective removal of contaminants to acceptable environmental levels. It was also recommended that further investigations be carried out on the ecosystem of Brown Bay, the large fuel spill site, the upper and lower fuel-storage areas, and the area around the incinerator. There is scope for monitoring the natural breakdown and migration of contaminants at the mechanical workshop/powerhouse site. This should include studies on bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. Mechanisms for arresting surface migration should be investigated in those sites identified. In addition to meeting some of the international obligations of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, this work also contributes towards the development of an approach to assessment and management of contaminated sites that is uniquely adapted to the Antarctic environment and could be applied at other Antarctic stations. to the assessment and management of contaminated sites that is uniquely adapted to the Antarctic environment. This approach could be utilised for site assessments at other Antarctic stations.
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18

Shane, Barbara S., Charles B. Henry, Joseph H. Hotchkiss, Kevin A. Klausner, Walter H. Gutenmann, and Donald J. Lisk. "Organic toxicants and mutagens in ashes from eighteen municipal refuse incinerators." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 19, no. 5 (September 1990): 665–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01183982.

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19

R. Beychok, Milton. "A data base of dioxin and furan emissions from municipal refuse incinerators." Atmospheric Environment (1967) 21, no. 1 (January 1987): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(87)90267-8.

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20

Tanaka, Masaru, and Ryuzo Takeshita. "Evaluation of 2,3,7,8 TCDD and PCDDs in fly ash from refuse incinerators." Chemosphere 16, no. 8-9 (January 1987): 1865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(87)90178-0.

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21

NAGATA, Katsuya, Ryouhei KAIDUKA, Tomohide OSHIO, and Morihiro OSADA. "Life Cycle Assessment for the New Refuse Disposal Technology : Assessment for the Combination of New Refuse Disposal Technology." Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2000.10 (2000): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2000.10.188.

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22

Yola, I. A., and I. S. Diso. "Compost making from refuse sourced from Kano Metropolitan, Kano State, Nigeria." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v12i2.5.

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Municipal-solid waste (MSW) in towns and cities of Nigeria are either allowed to rot or burnt which causes the release of greenhouse gases in the process. The heap of uncollected refuse in Kano municipal causes serious health hazards and menacing public disorder. This research investigated the Kano municipal refuse for compost making, instead of using waste disposal technique such as landfilling. Refuse samples from Dorayi/Zage and Rimin Kira refuse dumping sites Kano Municipal, Kano State Nigeria were collected. The refuse samples were sorted and all the non-biodegradables materials were removed. A compost was made from Sample N in 20 days while 9 days was required to produce a compost from sample P. Kjeldahl Nitrogen determination method and simple procedure for total carbon determination method were used to determine the percentages of nitrogen and carbon in the samples. The results have shown that, the percentages of nitrogen in the samples were found to be 1.64% for sample N and 1.71% for sample P. The percentages of carbon in the samples are 6.8% for sample N and 6.3% for sample P. The C/N ratio for sample N was 4.15:1 and that of sample P was 3.69:1.Kano municipal refuse contains a lot of organic wastes which are very difficult to incinerate. Therefore, Composting method is the best option for the disposal of the refuse rather than directly dumped in the streets.
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23

Lisk, Donald J., Carol L. Secor, Michael Rutzke, and Thomas H. Kuntz. "Element composition of municipal refuse ashes and their aqueous extracts from 18 incinerators." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 42, no. 4 (April 1989): 534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01700233.

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24

Lisk, Donald J. "Compressive strength of cement containing ash from municipal refuse or sewage sludge incinerators." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 42, no. 4 (April 1989): 540–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01700234.

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25

Sun, Xiaojie, Yingjie Sun, Youcai Zhao, and Ya-Nan Wang. "Leachate recirculation between alternating aged refuse bioreactors and its effect on refuse decomposition." Environmental Technology 35, no. 7 (November 4, 2013): 799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2013.852625.

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26

Ting, Ching-Hua, Ho-Hsien Chen, and Chuan-Chia Yen. "A PID ratio control for removal of in flue gas from refuse municipal incinerators." Control Engineering Practice 16, no. 3 (March 2008): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2007.04.007.

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27

Verbruggen, Aviel. "Pooling domestic refuse incineration plants." Journal of Environmental Management 34, no. 4 (April 1992): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4797(11)80006-x.

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28

Rich, D. H., and K. R. Hutchinson. "Coal Refuse Disposal Using Engineering Design and Lime Chemistry." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1994 (1994): 392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr94010392.

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29

Zhou, Ke, Wen Qiang Fan, Yang Fu, Wen Pu Yuan, and Xiao Xiao Lin. "The Innovation of Miniaturized Continuous Efficient Refuse Disposal System." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 1400–1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1400.

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There are mainly three measures for waste disposal: combustion, landfill and composting. Among them, combustion is believed to be the most efficient way. It is the most convenient way to reduce the amount of waste at utmost. Meanwhile, it is not only harmless, but contributes useful heat source. Therefore, most of developed countries employed combustion in waste disposal. Today, China is contributing 30 percent of the waste in the world; however, landfilling is still the most common way for waste disposal. To change this situation, the government of China has taken steps to generalize the use of combustion in waste disposal. Besides the policies by the government, another exciting thing is that the Beijing Honyuanmao CO. Ltd. Of environmental protection machinery successfully invented an advanced miniaturized continuous efficient refuse disposal system. after three years investigation. This invention finds a new way to develop environment friendly society, green economics and cyclic economics.
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30

Watson-Craik, Irene A., and Eric Senior. "Treatment of phenolic wastewaters by co-disposal with refuse." Water Research 23, no. 10 (October 1989): 1293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(89)90191-7.

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31

Sung, Hsin-Chen, Yiong-Shing Sheu, Bing-Yuan Yang, and Chun-Han Ko. "Municipal Solid Waste and Utility Consumption in Taiwan." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 22, 2020): 3425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083425.

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In Taiwan, 3,130,735 t of refuse for disposal and 4,113,808 t of recycled recyclable waste were generated in 2017. The government of Taiwan has been actively promoting a resource recycling program since July 1998. To pursue sustainability and locate waste minimization opportunities, the correlation between utility consumption and population and the quantity of refuse and recyclable waste from municipalities in Taiwan was studied. There are six special municipalities and 16 cities and counties covering a great variety of urbanization and settlement characteristics, such as registered populations, electricity, and water consumption. The above parameters of the municipalities were correlated with the quantities of refuse and recycled urban waste. Residential electricity consumption, overall population, and business electricity consumption were found to be major parameters correlating the generation of refuse and recycled urban waste. Due to their higher levels of business activities, the waste generation behaviours of these six special municipalities are more diverse than those of the 16 municipalities. Due to the discrepancy of the registered population system, the utility consumption values within administrative boundaries can better predict municipal solid waste, (MSW) generation than utility consumption at a per capita. Utility consumption within administrative boundaries is more convenient as a measure to predict refuse and recycled urban waste than other complex social–economic indicators.
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32

Sufiyan, Ibrahim. "ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ON SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL IN SOUTHERN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA." Journal of Wastes and Biomass Management 2, no. 1 (July 23, 2020): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jwbm.01.2020.15.18.

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Solid waste comprises all specks of dirt discarded which are unwanted be human as well as harmful to our environment. There is a rapid increase in the generation and disposal of solid waste such as refuse, garbages, dry leaves, old irons aluminum and many more. The southern Kaduna is a region with rapid growth in population. The rise in the per capita income of the individual increases the rate of their consumption. The rate of population growth also escalates the disposal of solid waste. The human health is in danger of communicable diseases, air and waterborne diseases because of the reckless disposal of solid waste in Southern Kaduna; (Sanga, Jemaa and Kaura Local Government area). The public sector participation is low which increases refuse dumpsite that affects the environment. The blockage of the street by the heap of refuse, the bad smile or odour, the groundwater contamination and spoil soil structure and it affluent. The use of statistical methods of correlation analysis proves that there is a significant relationship between public participation and waste dumping in the study area. About 330 samples of respondents were taken and the result of 0.97 correlation of weekly waste disposal, 0.96 correlation of monthly disposal and 0.98 correlation coefficient of annual solid waste disposal waste was obtained.
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33

Hull, Kathleen L. "Identification of Cultural Site Formation Processes through Microdebitage Analysis." American Antiquity 52, no. 4 (October 1987): 772–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281385.

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Methods for recognition of site formation processes are slowly being developed. Ethnoarchaeological data on refuse disposal suggest that comparison of the distribution of large and small objects across a site may be an interpretive method because size is often a factor in determining whether an object becomes primary or secondary refuse. To test this in the field, I carried out microdebitage analysis on soil samples from a stone circle site in the Northern Plains. Comparison of the microdebitage and macroflake distributions indicates the utility of microdebitage analysis for study of use and disposal in lithic tool manufacture areas.
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34

BRUNTON, DEBORAH. "Regulating filth: cleansing in Scottish towns and cities, 1840–1880." Urban History 42, no. 3 (December 29, 2014): 424–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926814000765.

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ABSTRACTAlthough little explored, regulations – in the form of laws and byelaws – formed an important technique of nineteenth-century government. This article explores the implementation and enforcement of two sets of regulations regarding the keeping and disposal of dirt imposed by Scottish local authorities: one on behaviours around the disposal of domestic refuse, the other on the keeping of dung – a form of property. While behaviours around refuse were more stringently policed than those affecting property, in both cases regulations were not the basis of a strict disciplinary regime, but a means of informing, educating and persuading residents into cleanly habits.
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35

Kwawe, D. B. "Refuse treatment options: a case study." Journal of Environmental Management 66, no. 4 (December 2002): 345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.2002.0554.

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36

Pohland, F. G., and J. P. Gould. "Co-Disposal of Municipal Refuse and Industrial Waste Sludge in Landfills." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0173.

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The results of a 2-year pilot-scale investigation on the codisposal of heavy metal sludge with municipal refuse, under the influence of leachate containment and recycle, are used to illustrate and describe the effects of various metal loadings on the normal progress of waste stabilization and to assess associated assimulative capacity. Evidence of metal precipitation as sulfides or hydroxides and subsequent removal by filtration and sorption in the refuse mass was demonstrated. Conversely, the mobilization of heavy metals was shown to be enhanced by complexation with humic-like substances which also tended to reduce overall toxic effects. Whereas, high heavy metal loadings exhibited a clear inhibitory effect, a definite capacity for assimilation and acclimation at low to moderate levels was established.
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Kapetanios, E. G., M. Loizidou, and G. Valkanas. "Compost production from Greek domestic refuse." Bioresource Technology 44, no. 1 (January 1993): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(93)90201-l.

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38

Gu, An Qi, Guo Qing Shi, and Yu Qi Lou. "From the Perspective of Social Stratification: Social Assessment Research on Waste Incineration BOT Projects." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 746–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.746.

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With acceleration of urbanization, BOT project on waste incineration in China has been developing rapidly in recent years. Starting from present situation of waste disposal, and combining generating electricity through refuse incineration in a city, this paper analyzes content and characteristics of social risk assessment on waste incineration project and further draws the frame of social risk assessment on waste incineration BOT project. Accordingly, put forward risk response suggestions on generating electricity project through refuse incineration of urban solid waste.
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39

OHNISHI, Takashi, Yoshikazu AKAIZAWA, Toshimasa SHIMIZU, and Tomimasa YONEZAWA. "Detection System of Explosive Substances for Bulky Refuse Disposal Facilities." Journal of the Japan Society of Waste Management Experts 6, no. 5 (1995): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/jswme.6.180.

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40

Sulisti, Irene A. Watson-Craik, and Eric Senior. "Studies on the co-disposal ofo-cresol with municipal refuse." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 65, no. 1 (January 1996): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4660(199601)65:1<72::aid-jctb410>3.0.co;2-8.

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41

Colten, Craig E. "Chicago's waste lands: refuse disposal and urban growth, 1840-1990." Journal of Historical Geography 20, no. 2 (April 1994): 124–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhge.1994.1011.

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42

Law, I. B. "Refuse, Recycling and Resource Recovery in Industrial Applications." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0038.

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Growing environmental pressures and escalating intake water costs are causing an increasing number of industrialists to reappraise their effluent treatment facilities with a view to effluent recycle and/or resource recovery. In certain instances industrialists have opted for treated sewage effluent as a water source for their process. Water Management Schemes are being, or have been, implemented at a number of industrial concerns in order to rationalise overall water intake and effluent disposal costs.
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43

Janes, Robert R. "A Comment on Microdebitage Analyses and Cultural Site-Formation Processes among Tipi Dwellers." American Antiquity 54, no. 4 (October 1989): 851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280693.

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A recent report by Hull (1987) on the microdebitage analysis of soil samples from a stone-circle site in the Northern Plains indicates the utility of such analyses for the study of use and disposal in lithic-tool-manufacture areas. Its value could have been heightened through greater awareness of recent research on the ethnoarchaeology of tipi use and of site-formation studies in general. Various factors were overlooked in Hull's analysis, including the intentional disposal of refuse away from the place of use, the widespread distribution of secondary refuse as a result of smearing and blending, the distinction between occupation and abandonment refuse, and the effects of rodent disturbance within tipis. The fact that these factors were not considered weakens the applicability of Hull's site-formation model. Research among the Slavey Dene of the western Canadian Subarctic suggests that tipis are better viewed as generalized activity centers, embracing a variety of human activities and events, none of which have strict spatial definition. This helps to explain the weak or nonexistent patterning noted by Hull.
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44

Stevens, P. L., J. S. Henderson, and R. Tulli. "Indianapolis Resource Recovery Facility: Community Efforts and Techology Required for a Successful Project." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 112, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906474.

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There are many community needs. Refuse is an abundant byproduct of our civilization. The disposal of this byproduct has become a major problem for our cities. This paper describes one community’s efforts to turn a community problem, refuse disposal, into a community asset. The paper describes the many aspects of effort and technology required to develop the Indianapolis Resource Recovery Facility. This facility required the cooperation of the public and private sectors to blend technology into a successful project. Special efforts were required to match appropriate technology to specific community needs and produce a successful and economically sound project. Five basic activities are presented. The first four activities are essential steps for any community to assure the right project fit to community needs. The areas presented are: (1) defining community needs, (2) technology evaluation (approaches evaluated), (3) feasibility studies (economic studies), (4) project implementation (bids and contracts), and (5) a description of the Indianapolis Resource Recovery facility. A review of these five areas places a real world perspective on refuse as an alternative fuel and source of resource recovery.
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Nagase, Hisamitsu, Youki Ose, Takahiko Sato, and Masahide Yamada. "Mercury methylation by ash from refuse incineration." Science of The Total Environment 53, no. 1-2 (August 1986): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(86)90096-3.

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46

Stanton, Travis W., M. Kathryn Brown, and Jonathan B. Pagliaro. "Garbage of the Gods? Squatters, Refuse Disposal, and Termination Rituals among the Ancient Maya." Latin American Antiquity 19, no. 3 (September 2008): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1045663500007938.

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Differentiating the material patterning between domestic refuse from squatters and ceremonial trash generated from termination rituals has been difficult for Maya archaeologists. Rich floor assemblages, especially from elite contexts, have been interpreted as “decadent” squatter refuse by some researchers and the remains of abandonment rituals by others. The identification and separation of these classes of behavior are essential for interpretations of floor assemblages. In this paper, we examine data from numerous contexts, in order to contextualize the debate over the interpretation of these two models. Ethnoarchaeological, ethnohistoric, and archaeological data indicate that close scrutiny of the context and material composition of such deposits are needed to distinguish these very different classes of behavior.
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Oleabhiele, E. J., and D. E. Dotimi. "INDISCRIMINATE REFUSE DUMPING AND FLOODING IN AMASSOMA COMMUNITY, NIGERIA." African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment 1, no. 1 (March 9, 2020): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/ajhse.v1i1.28.

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Appropriate waste disposal is crucial for a healthy environment and avoidance of health hazards. Environmental problems arising from indiscriminate dumping of refuse needs urgent attention, control and management in Nigeria. This study sought to examine the relationship between indiscriminate refuse dumping and flooding in Amassoma community of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study was anchored on structural-functionalist theory. The study engaged the survey research design and its population comprised residents of Amassoma community and staff of Bayelsa State Environmental Sanitation Authority. A triangulation of both quantitative and qualitative method of data collection was used. Quantitatively, a sample size of 378 were administered closed ended structured questionnaires which elicited information based on the study’s objectives, while qualitatively, 5 respondents participated in the study’s in-depth interview which allowed for participants to disclose their feelings and attitude more readily about the subject matter. The non-probability sampling technique involving the use of accidental sampling was employed in selecting the study respondents. Quantitative data were analyzed using the non-parametric method of Chi-square, while qualitative data was content analyzed using verbatim quotations. The study findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between the waste disposal habit of the people and flooding and also, between poor waste management and flooding in the study area. It also revealed a significant relationship between drains blocked by refuse dumping and flooding in Amassoma community. The study therefore recommends a communal orientation on the need for proper waste disposal for residents of Amassoma community to ensure positive attitude towards waste management and, effective control of indiscriminate refuse dumping in drains, so as to reduce the incidence of flooding in the community.
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Fu-min, Ren, Yue Feng, Gao Ming, and Yu Min. "Combustion characteristics of coal and refuse from passenger trains." Waste Management 30, no. 7 (July 2010): 1196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.12.023.

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Rotheut, Martin, and Peter Quicker. "Energetic utilisation of refuse derived fuels from landfill mining." Waste Management 62 (April 2017): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.02.002.

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Lou, Ziyang, Youcai Zhao, Xiaoli Chai, Tao Yuan, Yu Song, and Dongjie Niu. "Landfill Refuse Stabilization Process Characterized by Nutrient Change." Environmental Engineering Science 26, no. 11 (November 2009): 1655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2008.0128.

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