Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Incitative'
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Zhang, Xinzhu. "Une théorie incitative des prêts bancaires." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10065.
Full textIn a typical specialized bank in china's banking system, both commercial loans and policy loans are dealt with. Policy loans are characterized by favouritism in terms of either favourable rationing rule or lending rate. My main objective is to analyze the incentive problems due to information asymmetry and/or the very existence of internal structure. The first chapter provides a general analysis of china's banking system and some related institutional matters. In the second chapter we address the issue of the implementability of favouritism under a supply constraint and under various conditions of the observability of outputs. The result shows that favouritism entails more allocative distortion as loanable funds become smaller. The third chapter analyzes in a hierarchical model how to take into account the incentive of the intermediary, i. E. The regional bank. The result suggests that its authority of credit decision should be limited in terms of the investment size as an organizational response to the collusion threat. The fourth chapter analyzes the effect of decentralization under a single supply constraint. The result shows that collusion has no impact as the result of competition for rent in each region
Jebsi, Khaïreddine. "Réglementation incitative du secteur des télécommunications." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON10043.
Full textMatheu, Michel. "L'Etat et les PMI pourquoi mener une politique incitative ? /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37615958k.
Full textBen, Zaied Younes. "Gestion durable de l'eau résidentielle et tarification incitative en Tunisie : essais économétriques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G021/document.
Full textIf Tunisia, as well as all the other similar countries, wants to avoid, or at least to postpone the mobilization of non conventional water (desalinization, virtual water, etc.) with sensibly higher costs, the only alternative is to rely on appropriate water demand management. Water pricing must be considered seriously as a useful tool, with certainly the other non price instruments, such as awareness, education, water conservation and participatory management, to keep under control the demand evolution. In this thesis, we use Tunisian data and a decomposition into two water consumption blocks to estimate residential water demand function. Firstly, seasonal investigations show that Tunisian water pricing policy was not perfect. The lower block’s consumers are most affected by water tariff progressivity than upper block’s consumers. The seasonal fluctuations and the alternation of rainy and dry seasons affect only lower block’s consumers. We then advocate increasing the lower block’s length in summer to keep poorest family well being unchanged and reaching social equity. For the upper block’s consumers, we recommend applying seasonal water price to keep under control their water use evolution. Second, in the regional study, we find that the long run water price elasticity is more important in the lower block than the upper one. Moreover, water demand is sensible to price in regions characterized by economic dynamism. We think that a decentralized water pricing system can perfectly control water use especially by upper block’s consumers
Barbier, Mathilde. "Représentations sociales, persuasion technologique et engagement : interventions diagnostique et incitative appliquées aux dons d'organes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0362.
Full textThe thesis first aimed to understand the levers potentially involved in the decision to donate organs; then to use these levers in changing attitudes and behaviours that ultimately led individuals to declare themselves as organ donors. From a diagnostic point of view, the thesis collected the social representations of organ donation (content and structure). We also studied the transcendental-future time perspective to determine whether the way individuals view life after death can lead to a specific representational elaboration with respect to organ donation. From an incentive point of view, the thesis explores the possible articulations of social representation theory with persuasion on the one hand, and commitment on the other. A first experiment consisted in manipulating the structural status of social representations of organ donation in a technological persuasion procedure, also involving ergonomic factors of the interface. With the aim to reproduce the behavioural effects resulting from the mobilization of the structural status, a second experiment crossed the field of social representations with that of commitment.At the fundamental level, this thesis proposes new ways of linking social representations with the fields of technological persuasion and commitment. On a practical level, it proposes ways of optimizing, specifically in the field of technological innovation: for the promotion of organ donation but also more generally in public health
Nougarol, Renaud. "La tarification incitative des déchets ménagers comme processus d’économisation ? : sociologie des cadrages et des débordements d’une politique publique." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20086.
Full textIn France, public authorities have been trying to generalize Unit-Based Pricing of household waste (UBP). It is a pricing system that consists in charging users for the waste management service depending on the amount of waste they produce. Nevertheless, UBP is not largely implemented because the actors responsible for its implementation fear being confronted to a certain number of economic issues, social issues and environmental issues.Keeping in mind the triple observation that the scientific literature on this subject was essentially written by economists, that economists generally favour the economic incentive, and that they have a central place in public action, the general hypothesis of this research is about the role of economists and their studies to set the agenda of UBP in France by a dynamics of "framing" of its "overflowing" (of its problems). This thesis defends the idea of an economization process characterized by successive "translations" – before and during the Grenelle de l'Environnement – of the work of a waste-assessment organisation marked by the presence of certain economists and certain economic studies favourable to UBP. These "translations" have been carried out by Communist representatives, and this thesis is in accordance with the various works which show that the economisation cannot be reduced to organic links with the liberal economic doctrine or with a form of "neoliberalism" which would constitute the explanatory variable of public policies change.In addition, this research focuses on the local implementation of UBP. By describing, step by step, how members of a local community set up their unit-based pricing project between 2013 and 2016, the work undertaken shows how they have "managed" various "overflows" related to its implementation
Drolet, Simon. "Analyse de l'impact productif des pratiques de rémunération incitative pour une entreprise de services, application à une coopérative financière québécoise." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0001/MQ43821.pdf.
Full textGbinlo, Roch. "Organisation et financement de la gestion des déchets ménagers dans les villes de l'Afrique Subsaharienne : le cas de la ville de Cotonou au Bénin." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564740.
Full textCorrégé, Jean-Baptiste. "Application des normes sociales aux technologies persuasives : le cas de la rénovation énergétique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS530/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the question of behavioral changes, and in particular with the way this question applies to the computer domain through persuasive technologies.In a particular application context, that of the renovation of housing, we are interested in the role that the information available to users can play in the way they develop their renovation project. One way to change user behavior is to change the goals they pursue, either explicitly or implicitly. Although the effectiveness of the former has been shown in an experimental context, it seems less suitable for natural situations. We therefore propose an approach aimed at modifying the goals pursued by the users implicitly.With this in mind, we are working first on the use of injunctive social norms to encourage users to work particularly on energy renovation. In a first study, we compare injunctive social norm and goal setting to a control condition. We are interested in the performance of the participants in the task (improving the energy performance of a home) as well as the way in which the project is set up throughout the study. The results show that social norm and explicit goal have a similar effect on task performance but different on temporal organization. We also observe a more stable behavior in the case where the social norm is activated, and an effect that seems globally less artificial than in the case where we set an explicit objective to the user. This first study also highlights the need for the norm to be salient, or activated.In a second study, we focus on what characterizes the salience of the normative message. In the first study, we used two different types of information: the normative message and concrete cues of desirable behavior. This second study aims to distinguish these two types of information and test their respective effect. The results show that the normative message seems to have a slightly greater effect on performance but also more artificial on user behavior.In a third study, we are interested in the characteristics of the message, assuming that a better perceived message could support the salience of the norm it carries. As part of a collaboration with artificial intelligence researchers, we tested different types of framing to assess their respective effect on the perception of the argument to which they applied. The mixed results essentially show that the argumentative style (rational and factual rather than emotional or moral) seems to have a significant weight on the perception of the argument. In addition, the theme addressed by the argument seems to play a significant role and should therefore be given special attention for the development of similar interventions.At the application level, our results first highlight the relevance of the use of injunctive social norms in a context of persuasive technology. They also show that social standard messages must be carefully crafted, taking into account multiple factors. On the theoretical level, we show that a social norm can have an effect comparable to that of an explicitly fixed objective, but that both generate the setting up of different cognitive processes. Eventually, methodologically, we apply the analysis of traces of activity to the field of social influence, which, to our knowledge, had not yet been put in place
Kammoun, Samia. "Normalisation, coopération et incitation." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10018.
Full textIn this thesis, we analyse standardization strategies of competing firms and the interactions between public agency or private organization with private agents that decide to standardize their products. In the first part, we are interested with the process by which standards are established. In the first chapter, a classification of norms based on their economic function and on their impact on market structure is made. In the second chapter, we focus on the role of standards in international trade. We discuss the legal and institutional treatment of norms as a technical barrier to trade. In chapter 3, we show market failures in standardization process. Then we describe firm's strategies and objectives when they participate in the creation of norms. Since private and social benefits are not perfectly correlated, we propose in the second part of this work a collective regulation of standardization activities, either by a public agency or by private organizations inducing some cooperation between firms. In chapter 4, we study professional control when standardization strategies, characterized by spillover effect on the demand side, are decided cooperatively or not. In chapter 5, we analyse public regulation of standardization activities, including consumer's interests. The characteristics of the optimal incentive scheme under asymmetric information between the regulator and the firms are determined
Chateau, Jean. "Effets macro-économiques des politiques publiques incitatives." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010070.
Full textThis work presents some public policy rules in a mix-economy. Following analytic methods of optimal fiscal policy and costs-benefits theories it shows that these recommendations depend on the goals of the government and on the constraints of the whole economy. The chosen analytical framework is the intertemporal equilibrium model with some government. Public intervention is described by two features : a provision of a pure public good and some distorsives tax instruments. The evaluation of the public policy is based upon a social welfare function. The first part presents some optimal public policy rules in an intertemporal framework with heterogeneous households. The novelty of the work lays in the private profits, some additional constraints on the fiscal power and on the adoption of the primal approach for the reasoning. The second part deals with the "extension" of the previous results in a dynamic macro-economic framework. The main subjects studied are those of the fiscal equivalence,the conditions under which the capital incomes are taxed at the long-run range and the link between the public provision and its distorsive financing. The aim of the last part is to analyze the public debt in the previous context. We study the macroeconomic and welfare effects of some deficit policies when the ricardian equivalence fails to hold because public policy is distorsive. We conclude that the nature of the deficit policy and the parameters of the economy greatly matter in the determination of these effects
Arnaud, Brice. "Politiques de tarification, stratégies de différenciation et gestion optimale des déchets ménagers." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40030/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the effectiveness of two instruments for the management of household waste : unit-pricing systems and extended producer responsibility. In a first step, we analyze the effectiveness of these two instruments using a general equilibrium model. In this model, all markets are competitive but waste disposal generates environmental damage which is the source of externalities. In the case of a unit-pricing systems as an extended producer responsibility, optimal pricing policy involves a marginal social cost of waste disposal. To internalize the cost of environmental damage, a landfill tax seems the most effective tool. In a second step, we analyze the effectiveness of social marginal cost pricing of waste management by assuming that the final market is not competitive. We represent this market by a duopoly with vertical product differentiation. Each firm produces a different quality of the same good, and consumers have different preferences for quality. In the case of an extended producer responsibility, the social marginal cost pricing of waste management does not decentralize the social optimum. An optimal policy involves the modulation of the cost that is borne by producers based on consumer preferences for quality
Dubrion, Benjamin Baudry Bernard. "Allocation et incitation intra-firme." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2002. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2002/dubrion_b.
Full textSeltz, Véronique. "Financement du développement : incitation, technologies, information." Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090072.
Full textThe topic of the thesis is a micro-economic analysis of economic development financing conditions. It is divided in two parts: first, in a closed economy framework, where the level of development is given; then, in opened economy framework, where economies of different levels of development are distinguished upon their technological maturity and their institutional level of development. In the first chapter, a precise definition of economic development phenomenon is proposed: it corresponds to the emergence of a new economic activity in national environment, which is the result of an innovative investment. This approach takes explicitly into account the context in which the agents can act in favor of development. In the second chapter, one can find a survey on the financial system part in the allocation of resources to investment. Three financial functions are enlightened: liquidity; contracts determination; information production. Then, strategical interactions associated with innovative investment financing are studied, when moral hazard on the entrepreneur's effort, is integrated in the third chapter, the results of the new theory of international trade is applied to the international intertemporal exchanges: therefore, contrary to the neoclassical convergence analysis, the model considers capital heterogeneity by distinguishing technological level and know-how required by innovative investments. These technological characteristics of the investments show a limit of international capital movements towards less developed countries. In the fourth chapter, it is the institutions capacity of information production that are studied: ex ante information is needed to permit anticipation formation on investment results. The performance of this economic foreknowledge activity, given the development stage, limits again international capital movements towards less developed economies
Jaaidane, Touria. "Mecanismes incitatifs et sondages : applications a l'economie publique." Cergy-Pontoise, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CERG0044.
Full textPortier-Maynard, Anne. "La fabrique de programmes de recherche incitatifs innovants." Paris 9, 2011. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/xmlui/handle/123456789/7674.
Full textThe French National Research Agency is a public organisation devoted to competitive research projects. This funding agency is part of the incentive public policy dedicated to research. In the current context of rationalization of public funding, this organisation supports the efficiency of the research system thanks to its major tool, the thematic research programme. The study of this tool design, both at the strategy level and at the object level, is based on four approaches: the stakeholders and their actor games, the use of concepts, the creation of collective knowledge and, the prescription printed in the calls for proposals and the one perceived by research teams. This work leads us to characterize the process of programme design regarding to industrial models and to the strategy-as-practice approach. It also highlights leverages that can be mobilized in order to design innovative research programmes
Kabil, Soufi. "Dépense fiscale et incitation à l'investissement au Maroc." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100067.
Full textGnonlonfin, Houévoh Amandine Reine. "Gestion des déchets solides municipaux en Méditerranée : Trois approches d'instruments de financement pour une gestion durable." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2013.
Full textIn last decades, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has become a major environmental and economic problem in many countries. The quantity of MSW collected and the expenditures necessary for its management have rapidly increased, particularly in developing countries (including those in transition). Our thesis aims to shed light on the relationship between MSW collection and economic growth and to propose how public policy can sustainably manage this pollution. To attempt our objective, we combined a macro and micro economic approaches in theoretical and empirical studies. The contributions of this thesis are threefold and have the scope of Mediterranean countries. First, we complete the empirical literature on the validation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis (EKC) by studying the relationship between MSW collected and the economic growth over the period 1990-2010. The main added value of this study is the use of multiple imputations methodology to control for the sample bias due to missing values. We find out that MSW collected monotonically increase with income whatever countries’ income level. This leads us to conclude that the economic growth and MSW prevention are not compatible. So in a second contribution, we investigate, in a theoretical model, the efficiency of using market-based incentives to reach to objective of waste prevention and diversion from disposal in developing countries. We consider the common phenomenon of waste picking in these countries and we analyze the conditions in which a policy of Deposit and Refund System (DRS) can help to achieve the first best optimum. We first analyze the impact of waste picking on the effectiveness of the user fee and the DRS, then we show that social optimum and market equilibrium can be hold by taxing consumer goods and by subsidizing both formal recycling and waste picking. Our third contribution in this thesis is an econometric evaluation of French MSW taxing system in order to test the hypothesis of the complementarity of direct and indirect MSW incentive taxes in developed countries, which implement simultaneously several incentives taxes. Using data aggregate at French administrative departments level, we assess the prevention and substitution effects of the three incentive taxes namely the French user fee (La Redevance d’Enlèvement des Ordures Ménagères), the Extended Producer responsibility and disposal tax levied at landfill and incineration (la Taxe Générale sur les Activités Polluantes). We confirm the complementarity hypothesis of these taxes
Ben, Salah Wided. "Contrats incitatifs, pratiques organisationnelles, TIC et productivité du travail." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00491975.
Full textAvelino, de Jesus Manuel. "La politique incitatrice : le cas des exportations au Portugal." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100138.
Full textThis thesis analyses the nature of Portuguese policy of […] to the export of manufacturers. The “état-nation” is with the firms important agents of international commerce. The author […] the Portuguese export firms to analyze the role of the State. The conclusion is that the firms and the government have the same aims
Tran, dieu Linh. "L'industrie française des OPCVM : conflit d'intérêt, compétition et incitation illicite." Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE0512.
Full textThe French market, characterized especially by a strong segmentation, low sophistication of investors and a domination of banks, would not be competitive. On the theoretical side, we try to illustrate, using two simple models, the effects of a lack of competition. The first one highlights the role of competition in the creation of implicit incentives. The second one shows that the lack of competition leads to weak funds’ performance. Empirically, we verify firstly the existence of this lack of competition in the French market. Secondly, we show the existence of a conflict of interest between investors and funds. The lack of competition reflects by the fact that investors do not react strongly to funds’ performance and individual investors are not sensitive to fund fees. We also observe a price discrimination between institutional and individual investors. The latter pays more for lower return. However, the market begins to show some signs of competition. In fact, individual investors start to pay attention to the “price-quality” rapport. In addition, a greater degree of sophistication of institutional investors may explain the fact that we do not obtain any relation between fees and return in this segment. Indeed, these investors may be more sophisticated and could estimate the quality of a fund by more complex measures of performance. Finally, we provide evidence for the existence of a conflict of interest between investors and funds: diseconomies of scale
Maguain, Denis. "Justice distributive et mecanismes incitatifs : theories et applications a l'education." Cergy-Pontoise, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CERG0084.
Full textRavoaja, Aina. "Mécanismes et architectures P2P robustes et incitatifs pour la réputation." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S147.
Full textReputation systems have been proved to be useful for motivating peers to participate in peer-to-peer-like applications (P2P). However, in order to be sustainable these systems need to be robust against non-cooperative behaviors both at the reputation computation level and at the underlying P2P infrastructure level. In this thesis, we present the building blocks for constructing robust and incentive-compatible reputation systems. Our main contributions are (i) a reputation computation mechanism robust against false testimonies and incentive-compatible, which is based on credibility and tit-for-tat mechanism; (ii) STORM, a robust, scalable, and incentive-compatible structured P2P infrastructure for reputation management based on self-storage; (iii) PeerCube, a robust and highly churn-resilient P2P infrastructure based on a hypercubic topoology
Lo, Wing Marina. "La fiscalité des groupes de sociétés : entre incitation et restriction." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU10042.
Full textMy work deals with fiscal issues of subsidiaries purchase by a head company. These subsidiaries acquisitions, which have to be particularly specified, have been favoured for a long time by the French legislator, and are still favoured now in a certain way. The French lawmaker edicted several favourable rules concerning head companies' investments in subsidiaries. For instance, he built a specific head companies tax system ("régime fiscal des sociétés mères" in French) in order to abolish double taxation on dividends payed out by the subsidiary to its head company. Other rules create a favourable fiscal treatment for different operations realized by the head company over her subsidiary, in case of transfer for example. But since 2010 the French legislator has edicted more and more restrictive rules and kept a severe eye on in-group transactions since 2010. This reaction can be appropriate as we know tax evasion and tax avoidance are expanding, and France needs money. Some tax strategies are particularly aimed at as they are based on foreign subsidiaries without any real activity but only dedicated to profit shifting from France
Kahn, Joëlle. "Incitation à l'effort et efficacité productive : le rôle déterminant des rémunérations." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020130.
Full textToka, Làszló. "Analyse des systèmes distribués par théorie des jeux : conception et incitation." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENST0006.
Full textThis dissertation studies incentive aspects of distributed systems in which limited private or public resources must be allocated among selfish autonomic participants. Our goal is to design mechanisms which ensure the efficiency and fairness of resource allocation in such systems. We propose distributed optimization algorithms intended for practical implementation. First, we target backup services in peer-to-peer systems, i. E. , distributed networks of functionally equal peers, where users save their backup data on the underutilized storage devices of one another over the internet. As a main characteristic, no scalability problems arise since more users provide larger overall storage space and bandwidth. The spatial and ownership diversity of storage hosts assure the availability of backed up data. In order to ensure high quality service in such a peer-to-peer network we propose novel data redundancy and peer selection policies. Second, we examine the potential of a dynamic spectrum management framework that enables sequential allocation of frequency bands for wireless service providers. Our allocation and pricing design achieve efficient spectrum utilization and incentive-compatibility, considering physical interference among frequency licensees. Our work provides insights on emerging optimization problems related to the spectrum allocation. We propose heuristic algorithms that can be the cornerstones of a flexible distributed dynamic allocation system
Arondel, Cécile. "Mécanismes incitatifs agriculture-environnement et démarche d'aide multicritère à la décision." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090038.
Full textBlancquaert, Arnaud. "Fiscalité, programmes sociaux et incitation au travail - une comparaison Québec - Ontario." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26137.
Full textDuveau, Juliette. "Les primes dans la fonction publique : entre incitation et complément de traitement." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132190.
Full textMasclet, David Villeval Marie-Claire. "Pression des pairs et incitation à l'effort fondements théoriques et évidence expérimentale /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2002. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2002/masclet_d.
Full textMasclet, David. "Pression des pairs et incitation à l'effort : fondements théoriques et évidence expérimentale." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/masclet_d.
Full textIn recent years, models of peer pressure which have been developed are essentially models of mutual monitoring insofar as they assume that the only choice confronting agents in determining the peer pressure environment is to specify their monitoring effort. In this thesis, we aim at considering a model of peer pressure where the agents decide on the sanctions to impose to eventual free riders. When sanctioning is costly, a rational money maximizer will never punish. As a consequence, subjects will shirk because they anticipate that they will never be punished. We conduced several experimental treatments to explore the validity of the theoretical predictions on the efficiency of peer pressure. The experiments simulate team production and allow subject to punish the other members. Our results indicate that subjects often engage in costly punishment of shirkers and that the availability of punishment increases cooperation. Moreover, the efficiency of peer pressure is strongly correlated with the cost and the nature of the sanction. We find that the increase in cooperation is not only due to the willingness to avoid monetary consequences of sanctions but also to avoid disapproval of the peers. This analysis also provides evidence that subjects sanction their peers for two main reasons. The first explanation is that subject punish their peers because they expect that sanctions might have positive effects on future cooperation. The second explanation relies upon considerations of fairness: subjects are willing to sanction their peers in order to reduce inequity of payoffs. So full cooperation, as observed in the experiments, would be sustained as an equilibrium outcome if subjects would be sufficiently inequity averse
Pakhomova, Nataliya. "Essays in banking and corporate finance." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1090.
Full textThis dissertation consists of 3 self-contained theoretical essays.Essay 1 brings into focus the problem of "manufacturing" tail risk in the banking sector. This work shows that, in order to prevent banks from engaging in tail risk, bank capital regulation should account for the internal agency problem between bank shareholders and bank top managers. It is proposed to design bank capital requirements in the form of incentive-based recapitalization mechanism which would induce bank shareholders to shape executive compensation in such a way as to prevent top managers from engaging in tail-risk.Essay 2 deals with the problem of moral hazard in bank asset management. It proposes the concept of incentive-based bank supervision aimed at preventing moral hazard at a minimum cost to the regulator. It is shown that the intensity of supervision efforts should be gradually adjusted to the bank's financial health: banks in the mild form of distress should be subject to random audits, whereas deeply distressed banks should be placed under temporary regulatory control. To prevent double moral hazard, external auditors involved in supervision should be offered the optimal incentive contract.Essay 3 examines the impact of credit rationing (debt capacity) on corporate investment in the setting with costly debt financing. It is shown that, when credit constraints are binding, the firms with intermediate levels of debt capacity will establish larger investment projects than the firms with relatively low or high debt capacity. This non-monotonicity of investment on debt capacity arises due to the effect of the lump-sum debt issuance costs in the dynamic context of investment
Kaba, Léa. "Analyse des problèmes incitatifs au sein des coopératives financières : modélisation et tests empiriques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27070/27070.pdf.
Full textLepage, Patrick. "Pression des pairs, Incitatifs et Qualité : une analyse expérimentale en situation de travail." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24478/24478.pdf.
Full textBrulhet, Daniel. "Planification urbaine élément d'une politique incitatrice de développement : l'exemple de la Côte d'Ivoire /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612208c.
Full textJacques, Phendy. "Induire des incitatifs économiques auprès des producteurs Haïtiens d'arachides pour réduire les aflatoxines." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34580.
Full textThis work aimed at quantifying monetarily the incentive that would urge peanut producers in the Northern department of Haiti to implement a set of post-harvest practices to reduce the risk of aflatoxin contamination. Therefore, using an individual inverted BDM mechanism, the willingness to accept of producers has been determined. In addition, the effect of the use of a drying tarpaulin on the aflatoxin content of the peanuts produced was measured as well as the influence of access to a market conditioned by the willingness to accept of producers and the quality of the peanuts produced. The results revealed that market access had a significant effect on the premium demanded by producers, however, it did not have a significant impact on the quality of peanuts while this was the case for the access to a drying tarpaulin. At the same time, consumers' willingness to pay for peanut butter in the formal sector has also been assessed for a certified quality product. The determination of consumers' additional willingness to pay for quality certified peanut butter has shown that this premium would be enough to encourage producers to act. So, a market solution is plausible for aflatoxin control in this segment of the market.
Brulhet, Daniel. "Planification urbaine : élément d'une politique incitatrice de developpement : l'exemple de la Cote d'Ivoire." Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX32016.
Full text-incitement seldom named in town planning is often used in other deciplines, particulary in economics. Of this principle, wich can be applied on any kind of state intervention, the main idear is, that if incitement exists, the town planning will not escape. From the town event in ivory coast, the analysis of the important achievements of substructures, and the informations conveyed by the mass media, show how the planning has been used as the main element of a globe development inciting policy. -in the first part the study of the 3rd world urbanisation is sketched out, by situating the place of the ivory coast in this wole, and by putting in the mean time forward the choise of development of this country, according to the great current of thoughts. -the 2nd part shows the political, economical, social ans spacial characteristics, bringing out like that the main elements chosen by the president f. H. Boigny to apply his policy and this model of development. -the 3rd part takes a close look at the evolution of the recent history of this countries town policy, and the way it uses its important urban achievements, to change the ivoirien society. -this contemporain history study permits to bring out the caracteristics of the town planning policy of the ivory coast, by accentuating the principal elements of a development inciting policy
Souare, Malick. "Étude des facteurs déterminant la productivité des travailleurs dans les contrats incitatifs explicites et implicites." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26274.pdf.
Full textGueye-Diagne, Salimata. "Contrôle optimal pour le problème multi-produits à coûts concaves avec incitation aux lancements groupés." Paris 9, 1985. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1985PA090018.
Full textSicsic, Jonathan. "Impacts des incitatifs économiques en médecine générale : Analyse des préférences et des motivations des médecins." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090044/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses several issues raised by the introduction in France of economic incentives such as pay-For-Performance applied to general practice. These incentive schemes are designed to improve the quality of care, but they are discussed both in terms of effectiveness and potential side effects. Initially, we assess the impact of the CAPI scheme on various indicators of quality of care: the consultation length and cancers screening. Then, using the discrete choice experiment methodology, we reveal general practitioners (GPs) preferences for devices aimed at improving the early detection of cancers. Finally, we analyse empirically the relationship between French GPs' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. We show that the CAPI has not had a significant impact on the selected quality indicators. In addition, GPs would be sensitive to potentially less costly nonmonetary devices. Eventually, we highlight a negative relationship between GPs' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Our results call for greater caution in the definition of economic incentives in general practice
Gai, Anh-Tuan. "Structuration en graphe de de Bruijin ou par incitation dans les réseaux de pair à pair." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066528.
Full textErrizani, Fedoua. "Les réformes portuaires marocaines et françaises : entre enjeu de bonne gouvernance et incitation au partenariat public-privé." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2022.
Full textThe liberalization of any economic sector is to move in the market economy of scope of activities that were previously performed by the state or by a public monopoly. This is to involve the private sector in the management of public activities of general interest. In this context, privatization has given way in recent years, with another method for economic liberalization is commonly called "Public Private Partnership" to entrust to a private entity managing the public service. Regarding the port area, the introduction of private management in ports is, in recent years, a trend in developing countries and even in developed countries .It relates mainly missions handling and storage goods through the port as well as the financing and implementation of infrastructure and equipment necessary for its operations. This trend involves the establishment of a complex and multidimensional partnership between a port authority, often public, and the company handling manager of one or more port terminals. The changes experienced by the Moroccan and French port sector through the reforms carried out by their governments (through the 15-02 law MOROCCO and by the law of 4 July 2008 in France) were made on different legal and regulatory bases certainly (in MOROCCO, unlike France, the public service delegation is embryonic), but the purpose remains the same and similar constraints. The importance of the port sector and its participation in the economy is undeniable for both countries. Morocco, located 15 km from Europe, it is Africa's main entrance to the north. Its location gives it an economic significance; overlooking two seaboards: Mediterranean and Atlantic, most trade passes through it, and with the new port of Tangier-Med, this gives it another advantage. France, for its part, has become invaluable for geographical advantages, with its three coastlines, one of the main gateways into Europe for goods transported by regular lines of major shipping companies
Turpin, Nadine. "Incitation à l'adoption de meilleures pratiques agricoles et lutte contre la pollution diffuse en présence d'asymétrie d'information." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100053.
Full textThis work belongs to the set of micro-economic analysis of pollution regulating policies when asymmetric information arises. We analysed the special features of nonpoint source pollution associated with breeding activities, which render delicate the design of regulating instruments. We present the design of a regulation mechanism for an adverse selection case, using data from dairy farms on a French watershed. Asymmetric information put constraints on the optimal policy. Production and emission functions have been designed from the empirical application and their parameters have been statistically estimated. First, participation of farmers is mandatory : the farmers participate as soon as their regulated profit is higher than a type-independent value. Second we added acceptability constraints : the regulator has to satisfy a given proportion of farmers through intervention and a farmer is satisfied when he does not lose from regulation compared to the laissez faire situation
Bertrand, Michel. "Le coût des accidents du travail comme incitation à la prévention en entreprise : une approche micro-économique." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010067.
Full textThe object of this thesis is the cost of occupational accidents that employers bear. This question is studied in the French context. The first part shows that the avoidable cost of an occupational accident depends on the chosen definition of an occupational accident and on the manager's behavior towards the different risks (insurance and "self-insurance" propensity. . . ). Employer's "ex post" decisions and context (regular, economic. . . ) in which "ex ante" and "ex post" decisions are taken also affect the cost. A method of assessing the avoidable cost of an accident "'as elaborated. It should enable corporate managers to value the true cost of accidents, and consequently provide them more deterrence incentives. Assumptions on which the method is based are indicated. The second part deals with the relationship between the level of accipent prevention activities undertaken in a firm and the possibility the firm's manager has to purchase insurance to cover injured workers compensation. The compensation taken into account in this analysis is the one employer must pay the injured worker when injury results from employers "inexcusable fault". Based on insurance microeconomic theory this study indicates that the insurance possibility do not always lessen firms prevention level
Lesca, Julien. "Exploitation de fonctions d'agrégation dépendant du rang pour la décision multi-objectifs : procédures d'optimisation et mécanismes incitatifs." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066127.
Full textThe search for well-balanced solutions in multiobjective problems is a major issue in decision-making under uncertainty, multicriteria or multiagent decision-making. The problem's structure where this search takes place can be combinatorial or continuous and in both cases, the enumeration of solutions is impossible. This thesis work intends to give an algorithmic answer to this question by providing mathematical programming and dynamic programming approaches to find optimal solutions when the aggregating function is the Choquet integral, one of the most expressive aggregator. This thesis provides also a mechanism design analysis of multiagent problems where the aggregating function is non-affine as it is the case for the Choquet integral
El, Ghali Nizar. "Trois essais sur l'impact des incitatifs financiers sur la productivité du système de la santé au Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27416.
Full textFinancial incentives in health network system are supposed to have an effect on the behaviour of the different healthcare stakeholders : physicians, patients, facilities managers. They may be proposed as funding models such as activity based funding or best practice paiement or rewards / financial penalties offered / applied according to outcome indicators achieved and compared to targets. Financial incentives could be linked directly to the healthcare facility funding or to medical payments or both. The impact of these levers has been little tested in the Quebec context. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the literature of financial incentives impact assessment on various aspects of healthcare system productivity in Quebec. The latter being a public system characterized by a governance coordinated by the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MSSS). Network funding models being based on global budget while the healthcare professionnels paiement is mainly based on fees for services. Both budgets are distinct and the physician takes self-employed status. In the first chapter, we assess for the causal effect of the first Quebec activity based funding program, access to surgery program, on access to services and healthcare quality. Using Quebec administrative data, a control group ( similar data from British Columbia ) and a difference in difference approach, we show that this program, introduced in 2004 for the surgery sector in all facilities, reduced waiting times and hospital lengths of stay, especially for hip and knee replacements, without deterioration in some healthcare quality indicators. In addition, the effect of this funding is not only positive but also increases with funding level. In the second chapter, we estimate the causal effect of the introduction of a colorectal cancer screening program for some pilot facilities. Using data from untreated hospitals as control group and a multistate model, we show the positive impact of this program on the healthcare quality and population health. Introduced at the beginning as a clinical strategy and combined later with recurrent performance payments, the program has contributed to the decrease of hospital lengths of stay with home discharge and also lower treatment costs for colorectal surgeries. Contrary to the results of the first chapter, this analysis did not demonstrate a positive effect of financial incentives on lower lengths of stay. This may be due to the short duration of our sample since the date of additional funding announcement. On the other side, financial incentives contributed to increased use of a less invasive treatment approach. In the last chapter, we perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of this healthcare quality program to identify the relevance of continuing implementing the strategy based on clinical protocols and additional funding. We demonstrate that the benefit-cost ratio of clinical strategy ( screening tests and clinical protocol ) is not only greater than unity but also higher than the program including the additional funding ratio. These results suggest a review of the financial incentives strategy for this program. In this thesis , we show how financial incentives can help behaviour move and improve certain productivity aspects in the healthcare system. The financial levers have been able to influence the physicians behaviour, in most situations, although they are not directly related to their payments. This reflects a way of behaving for physicians that is not yet fully known but is certainly not disconnected from facilities financial context. Finally, these financial levers must be used in the general framework of a clinical strategy providing a minimum level of success conditions and achievement of objectives. They can not act alone in the direction of the goal but certainly they should be consistent with any clinical strategy especially when based on clinical-administrative partnership.
Girardeau, Paul. "Validation d’une stratégie de prévention de la rechute basée sur l’extinction des effets incitatifs de la cocaïne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0257/document.
Full textCraving often precedes relapse into cocaine addiction. This explains why considerable research effort is being expended to try to develop anti-craving strategies for relapse prevention. Recently, we discovered using the classic reinstatement model of cocaine craving that the reinstating or priming effect of cocaine can be extinguished with repeated priming – a phenomenon dubbed extinction of cocaine priming. Such extinction has been interpreted as evidence that the priming effect of cocaine on reinstatement of cocaine seeking depends on an interoceptive drug conditioning mechanism whereby the interoceptive cues of cocaine become reliable conditioned Pavlovian predictors of the availability of cocaine reinforcement. Regardless of the underlying mechanisms, however, extinction of drug priming has been proposed as a potential cocaine exposure therapy for relapse prevention that may complement other, more traditional exteroceptive cue exposure therapies. The goal of my PhD thesis was to measure the potential beneficial effect of this novel extinction strategy on subsequent relapse (i.e., return to the pre-extinction pattern of cocaine self-administration once the drug is made again available after extinction). Overall and contrary to our initial hope, extensive and complete extinction of cocaine priming had no major impact on relapse. This lack of effect occurred despite evidence for post-extinction loss of neuronal responsiveness to cocaine priming in brain regions causally involved in cocaine-induced reinstatement (i.e., the anterior cingulate and prelimbic prefrontal cortex, and the core of the nucleus accumbens). An effect of extinction of cocaine priming on relapse was only observed when cocaine was available for self-administration under more demanding conditions. However, this effect was modest and short-lived. Finally, we were able to trace the origin of our failure to prevent relapse to an extinction-resistant form of cocaine seeking that is commonly reported, though often overlooked, in other reinstatement studies. We propose that this behavior should become a novel target for future preclinical research on anti-craving strategies for relapse prevention
Litvine, Dorian. "Révélation des préférences individuelles et incitation au choix de l'électricité verte : une analyse de la décision du consommateur." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00383730.
Full textLitvine, Dorian Aymara André. "Révélation des préférences individuelles et incitation au choix de l'électricité verte : une analyse de la décision du consommateur." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10001.
Full textDuprat, Philippe. "Mécanismes incitatifs et changement dans les systèmes de santé : applications à l'amélioration de la qualité et à l'évaluation." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077154.
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