Academic literature on the topic 'Including two innovative methods'
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Journal articles on the topic "Including two innovative methods"
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Edghiem, Farag, and Yusra Mouzughi. "Knowledge-advanced innovative behaviour: a hospitality service perspective." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 30, no. 1 (2018): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-04-2016-0200.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature and implications of knowledge advanced through service employees’ innovative behaviour and leading to initiating innovation within the hotel service subsector. Design/methodology/approach A case study research method was applied to achieve the research objectives, which investigated two hotel properties resembling two personal–interactive service systems. In total, 52 semi-structured interviews were conducted along with other qualitative research methods, including the direct observation of employees, review of management archives/literature and the assessment of “micro cases”. Findings The research outcome highlights the role of knowledge as supplementary to the interlinked process of idea generation and development. A novel classification of two types of knowledge is revealed as pre-encounter and encounter-dependent knowledge, implicating four patterns of service employees’ innovative behaviour. Practical implications This paper recommends practical measures to nurture service employees’ innovative behaviour, leading to innovation. Originality/value This study contributes to service innovation research by providing an in-depth assessment at the micro level, overlooked to date, of the nature of knowledge and the service employees’ role in initiating innovation within the hotel service subsector.
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Yastochkina , Irina. "INNOVATIVE SOCIAL TECHNOLOGIES AT WORK WITH CHILDREN AND YOUTH." Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod University. Series: «Pedagogy. Social Work», no. 2(49) (December 18, 2021): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2524-0609.2021.49.245-248.
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The article disclosed the content of the concepts «innovation», «social innovation», «social technology», «innovative social technology». It is indicated that one of the features of modern social technology is its innovative nature. The purpose of the article is to define the essence of the concept of «innovative social technologies», substantiate and analyze the possibilities of their application in work with children and youth. Innovation is increasingly becoming the subject of scientific research in the social sphere. The main attention of researchers is focused on innovative technologies in social work, innovative processes, innovative methods, types and subjects of social innovation, innovative practices of social work with vulnerable groups in Ukraine. It is noted that the emergence of innovative technology is determined by the needs and social problems of society, requires accurate planning, serious training and qualified personnel. For social pedagogy, the term «innovation» currently remains new and poorly researched. This term is interpreted in two meanings: innovation as a process and innovation as a product. The characteristics, functions and sources of social innovation are considered. It is emphasized that innovations actively influence the surrounding social environment. For social work, social pedagogy, an essential characteristic of innovation is its social consequences. The social processes that determine the growth of innovative activity in the social sphere are indicated. Innovative technologies exist in two forms: in the form of programs and documents and in the form of social processes. It was also noted that children and youth are quite often the most vulnerable social categories and need qualified assistance and support. The presence of social problems prompts the development and implementation of innovative technologies for social work with children and youth. The innovative social technologies in working with children are listed. The innovative forms of the implementation of youth work in Ukraine have been identified. The promising directions of innovative activity in the social sphere, including in the social and pedagogical work with children and youth, are indicated.
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Odinokova, Tatyana, Mariyana Bozhinova, and Mariana Petrova. "Promotion of Innovative Entrepreneurship Under Sustainable Development." E3S Web of Conferences 41 (2018): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184104015.
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The subject matter of this article is incentives for innovations in entrepreneurship. There are two models of entrepreneurship which exist in developed market economies – traditional and innovative. Innovations have never been so important as they are now, which holds particularly true for small and medium-sized businesses. As Peter F.Drucker formulated it, “Innovation is the specific tool of entrepreneurs, the means by which they exploit change as an opportunity for a different business or a different service.” The methods by which innovations are encouraged change from country to country. The choice of such methods depends on economic, political and other conditions for a country&s development. By encouraging innovative activities, governments enhance the effectiveness of innovative systems and create favorable conditions for enterprises to engage in science and technology. For the EU, which falls behind the USA and Japan in so far as innovation technologies are concerned, it is a highpriority task to implement the innovation development strategy and to transform its economy in accordance with the up-to-date model by 2020. The aim of such strategy is to achieve industrial leadership as well as to support business, including small and medium-sized businesses.
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Sirola, Miki, and Jaakko Talonen. "Combining Neural Methods and Knowledge-Based Methods in Accident Management." Advances in Artificial Neural Systems 2012 (July 30, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/534683.
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Accident management became a popular research issue in the early 1990s. Computerized decision support was studied from many points of view. Early fault detection and information visualization are important key issues in accident management also today. In this paper we make a brief review on this research history mostly from the last two decades including the severe accident management. The author’s studies are reflected to the state of the art. The self-organizing map method is combined with other more or less traditional methods. Neural methods used together with knowledge-based methods constitute a methodological base for the presented decision support prototypes. Two application examples with modern decision support visualizations are introduced more in detail. A case example of detecting a pressure drift on the boiling water reactor by multivariate methods including innovative visualizations is studied in detail. Promising results in early fault detection are achieved. The operators are provided by added information value to be able to detect anomalies in an early stage already. We provide the plant staff with a methodological tool set, which can be combined in various ways depending on the special needs in each case.
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Trofymenko, Olena O. "Conceptual Foundations of Innovative Development of National Economy in the Context of Technological Ways and Power Innovations." Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University Series “Economics” 8, no. 1 (2021): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52566/msu-econ.8(1).2021.105-119.
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The relevance of the study is conditioned by changing approaches to the development of the national economy based on energy innovation in the context of aspects of greening the economy, energy independence, energy conservation and synergy of innovation. The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual model of innovative development of the national economy in the energy sector in the context of established trends of increasing energy consumption. The study was conducted in two stages based on a systematic approach involving general scientific theoretical methods, namely analysis, synthesis, systematisation, generalisation, and structural method. The paper substantiates the need to study innovative national economic development within the energy sector based on the works of foreign scientists. The study considered the main approaches to the definition of the term “innovation” in the context of economic space, including process-oriented and functionally effective ones. The paper established the relationship between the stages of the life cycle of innovation and the development level of the national economy. The study also provides the characteristic of change of technological ways of social and economic relations within the limits of historical retrospect. The structural and functional features of the category “development” are determined in order to study the conceptual foundations of innovative development of the national economy. The study highlights the main models of innovative development in world practice. The author identified the specific features the basic concepts of innovative development of the national economy in the energy sector, including “cluster concept”, “alternative energy”, “Smart Grid”, “concept of sustainable development”, based on which the author created the conceptual model for the innovative economic development in the energy sector. Prospects for further research involve the study of the practical application of the model created for the innovative economic development in the energy sector
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Lapunka, Iwona, Dominika Jagoda-Sobalak, and Katarzyna Marek-Kolodziej. "INNOVATION PROJECT MACHINE IN A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT." CBU International Conference Proceedings 5 (September 22, 2017): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v5.936.
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: In recent years, the project approach has become an increasingly popular tool for achieving operational and strategic goals and to generally advance the business activity of organizations in fields such as innovation management. We demonstrate the need of including the project approach in the processes of creating innovative solutions. We posit that these two work methods can be combined into a coherent approach known as the innovation project machine. As part of this approach, innovations are implemented and developed more effectively, while agile project management and consolidated research for project managers, amongst others, are the source of inspiration. A systems approach to this concept could constitute a coherent synthesis of solutions available for engineering management. A proposition to integrate the project approach with innovative processes will enable expedient execution of business strategies in contemporary companies.
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Whitelaw, Sandy, Isla Gibson, Annie Wild, Heather Hall, and Heather Molloy. "The Dumfries Arts Award Project: towards building a programme theory of innovation transfer across two social organisations." Social Enterprise Journal 17, no. 2 (2021): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-11-2019-0081.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to critically understand a programme theory of the “transfer” of work in one social organisation and sector (an innovative and successful social enterprise community café, The Usual Place that seeks to enhance the employability of young people with additional support needs in “hospitality”) to another (Dumfries Theatre Royal, a regional theatre and registered charity, specifically the “Dumfries Arts Award Project” and more generally, “the arts”). Design/methodology/approach By means of gaining insight into the complexity of the transfer of innovative practices between two socially oriented organisations and theoretical insights into associated conducive contexts and optimal processes, the work used realist evaluation resources within a longitudinal ethnographic approach. Within this, a series of specific methods were deployed, including semi structured key stakeholder interviews, non-participant observation and “walking” and “paired” interviews with service users in each organisation. Findings The principle finding is that with attention being paid to the context and intervention processes associated with transfer processes and having sufficient capacity and strong partnership working, it is possible to take an innovative idea from one context, transfer it to another setting and have relatively immediate “success” in terms of achieving a degree of sustainability. The authors propose a provisional programme theory that illuminates this transfer. They were also able to show that, whilst working with the potentially conservative concept of “employability”; both organisations were able to maintain a progressive ethos associated with social innovation. Originality/value The work offers theoretical and methodological originality. The significance of “scaling up” social innovation is recognised as under-researched and under-theorised and the use of a realistic evaluation approach and the associated development of provisional programme theory address this.
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Hampton, Nan Zhang, and Marjorie F. Olney. "Analysis of an Innovative Blended International Psychiatric Rehabilitation Course." Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education 22, no. 3 (2008): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2168-6653.22.3.203.
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In 2007, we offered an innovative blended graduate level rehabilitation counseling course. The course was delivered online and in Hong Kong. It included readings, PowerPoint presentations and discussion board features on Blackboard, as well as face-to-face lectures and guest speakers in a classroom context at the City University of Hong Kong. Additionally, students were required to visit various psychiatric rehabilitation and mental health programs throughout Hong Kong, and participation in the 2007 World Congress of the World Federation for Mental Health. Two faculty members and 13 students spenta total of 10 days in Hong Kong. The authors discuss the development and delivery of the course including course design, content, delivery methods and logistics. Implications are explored for teaching innovation in rehabilitation education.
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Liljenström, Carolina, Anna Björklund, and Susanna Toller. "Including maintenance in life cycle assessment of road and rail infrastructure—a literature review." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 27, no. 2 (2022): 316–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-021-02012-x.
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Abstract Purpose LCA is increasingly used in infrastructure policy and planning. This study maps approaches used in comparative LCA of road and rail infrastructure to (1) determine the length of the analysis period, (2) estimate the maintenance frequency, and (3) include the effects of climate change on infrastructure performance. A LCA may need to fulfil different requirements in different decision-contexts. The relevance of the approaches for decision-making in policy and procurement is therefore discussed. Methods Ninety-two comparative LCAs of road and rail infrastructure published in peer-reviewed journals January 2016–July 2020 were reviewed. Papers were found through a systematic process of searching electronic databases, applying inclusion criteria, and conducting backward and forward snowballing. Results and discussion The analysis period was commonly determined based on infrastructure service life. The maintenance frequency was estimated based on current practice, laboratory tests, modelling, or scenarios. The effects of climate change were considered in two papers by comparing results in a control case and in a changed climate. In policy and procurement, current practice approaches are not adapted to innovative solutions or to climate change. Modelling and laboratory tests could improve calculations of the maintenance phase but might have some limitations related to innovative solutions. Scenarios could be readily applied in a policy context; however, in procurement, consistent and generic scenarios should be used. Conclusions Results suggest what approaches could be used to account for maintenance in infrastructure LCA depending on the decision-context. The LCA community is suggested to research other approaches than current practice to account for long analysis periods, climate change, and innovative solutions. Additionally, literature not covered here could be reviewed for additional approaches and perspectives. Examples include stand-alone LCAs, method development papers, papers on the individual approaches and decision-contexts, certification systems, standards, and guidelines.
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Gutierrez, Alexa, Farzan Sasangohar, Mark Lawley, et al. "Investigating the HbA1c Assessment Methods for a Smart and Connected Diabetes System." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care 7, no. 1 (2018): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2327857918071040.
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Texas A&M University at Qatar has partnered with two local Qatari hospitals, Hamad Hospital and Sidra Hospital, to design an insulin pump that will transfer patients’ data to an online server in real time. HbA1c is one of the most common forms of measurement for diagnosing diabetes. The fact that there are variations of the formula to be found was considered unusual. This poster is intended to evaluate different methods of calculating A1c and propose improvements. Using a mixed method including literature review and stakeholder interviews we document the challenges involved in utilizing the new assessment in an innovative testbed.
Books on the topic "Including two innovative methods"
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Corrette, Michel. Method for easily learning to play the pardessus de viole with five or six strings, including lessons of one and two parts. New Boston Editions, 1990.
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Grand, David. Defining and redefining EMDR: Innovative and integrative technique, diagnosis, ego states work & performance enhancement : including two full verbatim EMDR sessions. Biolateral books, 1999.
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Clark, Hulda Regehr. The cure for all cancers: Including over 100 case histories of persons cured : Plus two revolutionary electronic circuits, one to diagnose and monitor progress, the other to zap parasites and bacteria!. New Century Press, 1993.
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Pavlov, Sergey. Methods of catastrophe theory in the phenomenology of phase transitions. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1004276.
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The monograph is devoted to describing the methods of catastrophe theory and building on the basis of these methods, phenomenological models of phase transitions in solids. Methods of constructing structurally stable normal forms of functions, including functions that are imposed on the symmetry conditions. The classification of phenomenological models of phase transitions for two interacting one-component order parameter, two-component and three-component order parameters the number of control parameters varied in the experiment. Theoretical dependence of the anomalies of the physical properties of the models are compared with experimental data in ferroelectrics, magnetic materials, solid solutions of rare earth metals, multiferroics and other solids that are experiencing phase transitions.
 For professionals in the field of solid state physics and phase transitions.
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Deuze, Mark, and Mirjam Prenger, eds. Making Media. Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462988118.
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Making Media uncovers what it means and what it takes to make media, focusing on the lived experience of media professionals within the global media, including rich case studies of the main media industries and professions: television, journalism, social media entertainment, advertising and public relations, digital games, and music. This carefully edited volume features 35 authoritative essays by 53 researchers from 14 countries across 6 continents, all of whom are at the cutting edge of media production studies. The book is particularly designed for use in coursework on media production, media work, media management, and media industries. Specific topics highlighted: the history of media industries and production studies; production studies as a field and a research method; changing business models, economics, and management; global concentration and convergence of media industries and professions; the rise and role of startups and entrepreneurship; freelancing in the digital age; the role of creativity and innovation; the emotional quality of media work; diversity and inequality in the media industries. Open Uva Course: the University of Amsterdam has a open course around the book. The course offers a review of the key readings and debates in media production studies. Course slides 2020 Take a look at the Making Media Facebook page here. Take a look at the Table of Contents and Introduction here.
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Todder, Doron, Keren Avirame, and Hagit Cohen. Neuromodulation Methods in PTSD. Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0039.
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This chapter discusses the rationale and methodology for applying techniques of active and passive neuromodulation for treatment-refractory post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Neuromodulation derives from the concept of neuroplasticity, which signifies long-term changes in the effectiveness of connections between distinct parts of the central nervous system. These changes are reflected across multiple levels of the nervous system, going from the cellular level to circuits and large-scale brain networks. It has been long suggested that altered neuroplasticity is a biomarker of neuropsychiatric diseases. With recent advances in neuroscience, research is emerging on evaluating the potential of modulating neural circuits by using innovative technologies, including noninvasive and invasive brain stimulation, EEG-neurofeedback, and fMRI neurofeedback.
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Defonseka, Chris. Two-Component Polyurethane Systems: Innovative Processing Methods. De Gruyter, Inc., 2019.
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McDonnell, Rose A., Catherine D. Le Tourneau, Anne V. Burrows, and Elinor R. Ford. New Progress in Mathematics: An Innovative Approach Including Two Options : Pre-Algegra, Algebra. William H Sadlier, 1993.
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de Souza, Paulo. Innovation in Industrial Research. CSIRO Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643100268.
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Innovation in Industrial Research gives new and experienced researchers insight into how they can improve the quality of their industrial research. It discusses the methods currently available to researchers, from quality tools to the scientific method. Key aspects of research are covered, including: publications, patents, ethics and management of project teams.
 The book also examines responsible conduct in research, and illustrates mistakes made by researchers and how these can affect the reputation of the research being undertaken or the institutions involved. Finally, the author analyses ways of achieving innovation in industrial research.
 Innovation in Industrial Research is a valuable resource for researchers working for industries or the public sector, managers of research projects, consultants and graduate students.
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Karapapa, Stavroula. Defences to Copyright Infringement. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795636.001.0001.
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Defences to copyright infringement have gained increased significance over the past twenty years. The fourth industrial revolution emerged with the development of innovative copy-reliant services and business models, transforming the way in which copyright works can be used, from digital learning methods to mass digitization initiatives, media monitoring services, image transformation tools, and content mining technologies. The lawfulness of such innovative services and business methods, which arguably have the potential to enhance public welfare, is dubious and challenges copyright law. EU copyright contains specifically enumerated, narrowly drafted, and strictly interpreted defensive rules, often taking the form of the so-called exceptions and limitations to copyright. Because the fourth industrial revolution promises innovation and business growth—stated objectives of EU copyright—it invites an examination of defensive rules as a whole. The book adopts a holistic approach in its exploration of the limits of permissibility under EU copyright, including legislatively mentioned exceptions and limitations, doctrinal principles, and rules external to copyright, with a view to unveiling possible gaps and overlaps, offering a novel classification of defensive rules, and evaluating the adaptability of the law towards technological change. Discussing recent legislative developments, such as the provisions of the Digital Single Market Directive, Court of Justice of the European Union case law, and insights from national laws and cases, the book tells the story of copyright from the perspective of copyright defences, offering positivist and normative insights into law and doctrine and arguing towards a principle-based understanding of the scope of defences that could inform future law and policy making.
Book chapters on the topic "Including two innovative methods"
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Al-Mamari, Mahmood M., Sameh A. Kantoush, and Tetsuya Sumi. "Innovative Monitoring Techniques for Wadi Flash Flood by Using Image-Based Analysis." In Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering: DPRI reports. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2904-4_9.
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AbstractFlash floods in wadi systems are a very important environmental issue, and their monitoring is necessary for many applications, including water resource management, irrigation and flood control. However, monitoring networks are very rare and lack spatial distribution features. In this study, image-based techniques were used to quantify and monitor flash floods in wadi channels by using two different methods. In the first section, we employed photogrammetry processing technique to quantify post-peak flood discharges by using a drone survey to build a digital elevation model (DEM) with a high resolution and calibrated and validated the model with a field survey (levelling measurements). This technique used drone-collected images to construct a DEM for extracting a cross-sectional profile and elevation points to calculate the peak discharge using the slope-area method with the Manning equation. In the second section, we combined the previous technique with the large-scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV) technique to measure flash flood discharge by installing a fixed camera on a road bridge crossing a wadi channel and using a digitally extracted cross section from the DEM in the analysis. The results of those techniques show a high efficiency that is equivalent to that of conventional methods.
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Marcarini, Mariagrazia Francesca. "Pedarchitecture: Which Learning Environments for the Personalisation of Teaching and Learning? An Educational Architecture for the Schools of the Future." In Teacher Transition into Innovative Learning Environments. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7497-9_8.
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AbstractThis project investigates how to overcome traditional learning environment’s rigidity; those established practices that may hinder full use of what we might call new learning environments. It addresses how teachers adapt their teaching to changing learning environments, what impact new educational spaces have on teachers and students, how to organise students with different criteria, and how learning environments can be redesigned in old schools with limited investments. The research studies four schools: in Denmark, the Hellerup Folkeskole in Gentofte and the Ørestad Gymnasium in Copenhagen; in Italy, the Enrico Fermi High School in Mantua and IC3 Piersanti Mattarella secondary first grade in Modena. New learning environments are intended to enhance teacher collaboration and stimulate the exchange of new teaching methods, enabling learning personalisation. This is often facilitated by team teaching, which in this chapter is seen as a “bridge-culture” concept, offering a wider vision including structural and organisational details. The chapter discusses how this strategy lead to students improved learning skills, them taking on greater personal responsibility and displaying aptitude to study in different ways. In this sample of “architecture feeds pedagogy” schools, some key concepts are explored that might guide future learning environments design: readability, “semantic-topical”, flexibility, invisible pedagogy and affordances.
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Chow, Shein-Chung. "Two-Stage Adaptive Seamless Trial Design." In Innovative Methods for Rare Disease Drug Development. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003049364-11.
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Bisschops, Marc, Mark Schofield, and Julie Grace. "Two Mutually Enabling Trends: Continuous Bioprocessing and Single-Use Technologies." In Continuous Biomanufacturing - Innovative Technologies and Methods. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527699902.ch6.
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Mohamed, H., D. W. Bao, and R. Snooks. "Super Composite: Carbon Fibre Infused 3D Printed Tectonics." In Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_28.
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AbstractThis research posits an innovative process of embedding carbon fibre as the primary structure within large-scale polymer 3D printed intricate architectural forms. The design and technical implications of this research are explored and demonstrated through two proto-architectural projects, Cloud Affects and Unclear Cloud, developed by the RMIT Architecture Snooks Research Lab. These projects are designed through a tectonic approach that we describe as a super composite – an approach that creates a compression of tectonics through algorithmic self-organisation and advanced manufacturing. Framed within a critical view of the lineage of polymer 3D printing and high tech fibres in the field of architectural design, the research outlines the limitations of existing robotic processes employed in contemporary carbon fibre fabrication. In response, the paper proposes an approach we describe as Infused Fibre Reinforced Plastic (IFRP) as a novel fabrication method for intricate geometries. This method involves 3D printing of sacrificial formwork conduits within the skin of complex architectural forms that are infused with continuous carbon fibre structural elements. Through detailed observation and critical review of Cloud Affects and Unclear Cloud (Fig. 2), the paper assesses innovations and challenges of this research in areas including printing, detailing, structural analysis and FEA modelling. The paper notes how these techniques have been refined through the iterative design of the two projects, including the development of fibre distribution mapping to optimise the structural performance.
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Cornforth, Rosalind J., Celia Petty, and Grady Walker. "Supporting Climate-Resilient Planning at National and District Levels: A Pathway to Multi-stakeholder Decision-Making in Uganda." In Climate Risk in Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61160-6_8.
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AbstractIf rural adaptation is to be effective, then it cannot take the form of prescriptive actions determined by outsiders and subsequently imposed upon rural communities. Our focus in this chapter is to reflect on the effectiveness of rural adaptation in the context of food security and agriculture in Uganda and provide insight into a way forward using learning from the HyCRISTAL project rural pilot. We critically explore the boundaries of ‘adaptation’ and ‘resilience’ as policy responses to climate change in poor rural communities through the interdisciplinary use of quantitative and qualitative methodologies, including innovative visual methods and action research. We identify some of the limits to building adaptive communities and explore potential solutions for enabling informed decision-making for rural adaptation that are linked to investment in sustainable development. We highlight the importance of multi-stakeholder approaches and the generation of a ‘knowledge ecosystem’ that combines physical and social science methods and data to generate context-specific information to inform decision-making.
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Ramirez Aranda, Nohemi, and Rubén Vezzoni. "Technology as a Tool for Environmental Engagement. The Case of Digital Participatory Mapping (DPM)." In Co-Creativity and Engaged Scholarship. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84248-2_14.
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AbstractThe conservativeness of traditional scientific methods, which nevertheless still tend to dominate much of the (social) sustainability sciences, is challenged by technological progress when untested tools of research are proposed as innovative scientific methods. This is the case of online platforms. The knowledge creation process in the digital era, including forms of research communication, can be profoundly different from traditional research methods. We already know how digital tools may influence the performance of research methods, mainly by maximizing the efficiency of data collection and elaboration. However, the original and collaborative practices in which they can develop, as well as their possibilities towards more democratic and inclusive participation processes, remain an unexplored domain. This chapter is an attempt to include digital technologies, and particularly the case of online participatory platforms based on geographic information systems (GIS), in the array of creative and visual research methods.We discuss software packages and current online approaches, such as web apps and native apps (Klettner & Huang, 2011, Scholte et al., 2018). The exploration of the innovative opportunities offered by digital tools starts with a concise review of their application from an historical perspective and its progression until recent times. The review focuses mostly on the options that digital platforms offer to involve citizens in the co-creation of research studies by enabling peer-to-peer environments that may inspire democratic discussions. The adoption of different types of online platforms is then discussed, not only presenting their virtues but also their downsides. This takes the form of an open discussion between the two authors, informed by each critically reflecting on their first-hand practical experiences in adopting digital tools in their research.We are entering a new era, in which access to big data—through platforms using GIS—provides resources and power to bring to the table the silent majority that is often overlooked in decision-making processes. The many possibilities offered by this unprecedented access to information are yet to be tested. Whether digital platforms will turn out to be a solution for improving the inclusiveness of research studies or not will likely depend on the consciousness and motivations of the designers and developers of these tools.
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Pinchot, Gifford, and Mariusz Soltanifar. "Digital Intrapreneurship: The Corporate Solution to a Rapid Digitalisation." In Digital Entrepreneurship. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53914-6_12.
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AbstractFor decades, intrapreneurship has been, and is still, promoted to employees as a way to capture the creativity and excitement of entrepreneurship, albeit with more resources and less risk. Intrapreneurship creates opportunities for individuals to be innovative and entrepreneurial within and for the organisation that employs them. The ways in which intrapreneurs act have not changed, unlike the business context surrounding them. Digitalisation has opened the path for new intrapreneurial opportunities; however, the amount of attention paid to the role of digital intrapreneurs within existing organisations is limited. We present our own definition of digital intrapreneurship and position our definition in the digital landscape where modern companies operate. This chapter outlines numerous ways to foster digital intrapreneurship, including a set of practical methods for managers to identify, and empower digital intrapreneurs. The chapter presents three case studies and discusses their practical implications for entrepreneurs and their teams.
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Tognetti, Roberto, Melanie Smith, and Pietro Panzacchi. "An Introduction to Climate-Smart Forestry in Mountain Regions." In Climate-Smart Forestry in Mountain Regions. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80767-2_1.
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AbstractThe goal to limit the increase in global temperature below 2 °C requires reaching a balance between anthropogenic emissions and reductions (sinks) in the second half of this century. As carbon sinks, forests can potentially play an important role in carbon capture. The Paris Agreement (2015) requires signatory countries to reduce deforestation, while conserving and enhancing carbon sinks. Innovative approaches may help foresters take up climate-smart management methods and identify measures for scaling purposes. The EU’s funding instrument COST has supported the Action CLIMO (Climate-Smart Forestry in Mountain Regions – CA15226), with the aim of reorienting forestry in mountain areas to challenge the adverse impacts of climate change.Funded by the EU’s Horizon 2020, CLIMO has brought together scientists and experts in continental and regional focus assessments through a cross-sectoral approach, facilitating the implementation of climate objectives. CLIMO has provided scientific analysis on issues including criteria and indicators, growth dynamics, management prescriptions, long-term perspectives, monitoring technologies, economic impacts, and governance tools. This book addresses different combinations of CLIMO’s driving/primary objectives and discusses smarter ways to develop forestry and monitor forests under current environmental changes, affecting forest ecosystems.
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Grothe, Tobias, and Peter J. Walla. "Building and Using a Two-Photon Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy Setup Including Fluorescence Lifetime Analysis." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1916-2_12.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Including two innovative methods"
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Nedbaev, D. N., S. V. Nedbaeva, O. V. Goncharova, N. M. Nedbaev, and O. P. Sinelnikova. "METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR INCLUDING YOUTH IN SOLVING THE ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES OF THE AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX." In INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2020.301-305.
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The article analyzes the problems of economics and ecology of the agro-industrial complex of the Krasnodar Region. It is concluded that the rapidly changing conditions for the development of the agricultural sector require a search for ways to improve training, a new system of environmental education, and new technologies for including young people in solving the environmental problems of the agricultural sector. On the example of the Krasnodar Region, modern traditional and innovative methods and technologies (Olympiad movement, involvement in research work, regional competitions, information and communication technologies, interactive technologies, projective technologies, etc.) of the formation of an ecological culture of Youth are considered.
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Robertson, Don, Wayne Russell, Nigel Alvares, Debra Carrobourg, and Graeme King. "An Innovative Approach for Pipeline Repairs." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27310.
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A strategic combination of integrity software, relational databases, GIS, and GPS technologies reduced costs and increased quality of a comprehensive pipeline integrity assessment and repair program that Greenpipe Industries Ltd. completed recently on three crude oil pipelines—two 6-inch and one 8-inch—for Enbridge Pipelines (Saskatchewan) Inc. Greenpipe analyzed metal loss data from recent in-line inspection logs, calculated real-world coordinates of defects and reference welds, prioritized anomalies for repair taking environmental risks into account, and prepared detailed dig sheets and site maps using PipeCraft™, Greenpipe’s advanced GIS-based pipeline integrity-maintenance software package. GPS technology was used to navigate to dig sites and the accuracy of the GPS approach was compared with traditional chainage methods. Pipelines were purged and all defects were cut out and replaced by new pipe during a two-day shutdown on each pipeline. A comprehensive set of data, including high-accuracy GPS location of anomalies, reference welds, and replacement pipe welds, was collected at each dig site and entered into the PipeCraft relational database. After all repairs were completed, the client was provided with a GIS-based electronic final report, allowing point-and-click access to all data collected in the field, including in-line inspection logs, dig information sheets and as-built drawings. The new methodologies employed on this project resulted in a high quality, comprehensive and cost-effective integrity maintenance program.
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Chueh, Juyu, Ajay K. Wakhloo, and Matthew J. Gounis. "An Innovative Method to Construct Silicone Cerebrovascular Replicas." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192642.
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Our objective is to create cerebrovascular replicas that offer detailed geometry from clinical imaging data and have versatile applications such as testing new endovascular devices. To facilitate optical observation, simulate physiological environment and obtain reliable data, the replica is designed to be transparent and elastic with uniform thickness and good compatibility with imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three-dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA). Several different manufacturing processes have been demonstrated in previous studies [1,2]. The physical 3D vasculature models were first obtained either by injecting methylmethacrylate into the human specimens to get vascular lumen casts of the part of interest or sending data derived from images generated from the imaging facilities to 3D printer for rapid prototyping. Different methods including repeated painting, dip-spin processing, and lost-wax technique were then applied to the casts to form the elastomeric replicas.
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Decyk, Kamil. "Competitiveness factors in the innovative enterprises." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.055.
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The research problem was to determine the relationship between having an action plan related to innovations by innovative enterprises and the type and degree of these enterprises’ use of competitiveness factors. The objective of the research was to identify and assess competitiveness factors in innovative enterprises taking into consideration their strategic plans related to innovation management. For achieving this objective, the following research methods were used: analysis of national and foreign literature resources, survey measurement (observation technique), direct and indirect interview, research tool: questionnaire. The results were analyzed with statistical methods such as arithmetic mean, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test (χ2), and measures of the association including Pearson's contingency coefficient and Cramér’s V coefficient were applied. The analysis of the results showed that the assessment of competitiveness factors such as innovativeness, quality, marketing and logistics activities differed with statistical significance depending on whether the firm had a long-term action plan related to innovations. The research also showed a relationship between competing using innovativeness and having an action plan related to innovations. However, this relationship was not statistically significant. As a result, the research hypothesis can be neither rejected nor confirmed. The conducted research proves that it is worth for innovative enterprises to develop long-term action plans related to innovations. Such enterprises boast a higher degree of utilization of competitiveness factors, which in effect may determine their strength and competitive position. It is also needed to mention that presented in the study results are only a part of the bigger one, concerning the level of innovative activity of innovative enterprises. At the same time, the research material presented in this article does not have a statistical character and cannot be the basis for the formulation of general conclusions. However, it may be the point of reference in in-depth research on these issues
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Klimuk, Vladimir V., and Andrejs Lazdins. "Modelling the neo-industrialization strategy as a mechanism of innovative activity of industrial business." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.013.
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Research goal: discover the importance of the innovation process in the context of education - science and production. Research tasks: describe the theoretical elements of the innovation process in relation to the Belarusian experience; to develop a model of innovation implementation science - education – production. Research methods: methods of situation description and process systematics were used in the research; statistical and modelling method of data. The most important competitive advantage of industrial enterprises, especially in the current situation - the coronavirus crisis, are innovations formed in the product concept, technological vector, management tactics and the general strategy of the organization. To bring an idea to the market requires its detailed feasibility study, testing, commercialization, scaling, and re-innovation. Successfully passed the stages of approbation and implementation of new innovations create a basic complex of competitive advantages of the industry, and its new orts of development. The role of scientific and educational potential, the introduction of a cooperative model of resource use to achieve economic and social effect has been determined. The paper proposes a toolkit for assessing the effectiveness of a neo-industrialization strategy in the direction of enhancing the innovative activity of industrial business entities, analysing the calculated results, including using the proposed visualization toolkit. Types of neo-industrialization strategies with a set of key components of the impact on the level of development of the sector are presented. Research innovation: a stage model for the introduction of useful innovations from science - education to production has been developed.
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Bruzzone, Agostino G., Kirill Sinelshchikov, Marina Massei, and Giuliano Fabbrini. "Extended Reality technologies for industrial innovation." In The 32nd European Modeling & Simulation Symposium. CAL-TEK srl, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2020.emss.062.
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This paper presents an overview on immersive technologies in relation to their potential for industrial innovation. In particular, Extended Reality (XR) is proposed by describing the most common solutions and innovative methods to overcome inherent problems of these technologies. Virtual & Augmented Reality (VR & AR ) are presented respect their potential for uses such as innovative human-machine interfaces, remote maintenance, remote commissioning, 3D rendering, virtual factory, virtual assembly and training. The paper analyze the strong contribution that Immersive Technologies are bringing in multiple sectors including Industries and the future trends aiming to further increase usability of these technologies such as it is happening in overcoming spatial constraints.
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Stratan, Alexandru, Alexandra Novac, and Natalia Vinogradova. "Cooperation for Innovation: Opportunities and Challenges for SMEs (The Case of the Republic of Moldova)." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/01.
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In the contemporary economy, the sustainable growth of the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can be ensured provided that innovations are implemented in enterprises. The innovative potential of enterprises can be raised through various methods, including cooperation with other enterprises and researchers. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the innovation activity of SMEs in the Republic of Moldova and identify opportunities and barriers to cooperation of SMEs with other enterprises and research institutions in the Republic of Moldova in order to develop and/or implement innovations. The results of the research showed that in the Republic of Moldova, SMEs are quite reluctant and passive in cooperating with other companies and research institutions to implement innovations. Moreover, for the most part, Moldovan SMEs are not aware of the need to implement innovations based on research results, but researchers - of the need to market their results.
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Cunningham, Violet, Alexander Tilton, Dylon Maertens, and Shawn Duan. "Innovative Design of Indoor-Outdoor Powerchair." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23497.
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Abstract People with disabilities often struggle with mobility issues, so there is a strong desire for devices such as powerchairs, which can provide more freedom. Currently, wheelchair demand in the US is increasing due to an upsurge in the elderly population. Often electric powerchairs suitable for outdoor use are extremely expensive, cannot be used indoors, and are not covered by medical insurance. In this project, these problems are addressed through the design of a chair which is suitable for both rough outdoor terrain and indoor use. This project is based on a request for a powerchair which our client’s son, who has cerebral palsy, can use on family trips in outdoor environments including grass, gravel, and sand. A photo of a previous nonfunctional prototype was provided to the team as a reference, and a full redesign was performed to resolve the problems identified. Before proceeding with the design, various sources were consulted to gain a thorough understanding of currently available technology and design methods. Many different adjustment methods and features were considered, including an adjustable frame, tracks, and a lifting system for curb mounting. The overall design selected is a welded sheet metal frame with wheels, and it was determined that the chair should have an adjustable wheelbase width to provide both outdoor stability and indoor maneuverability. Key considerations for the design include battery life, motor torque, maximum load, seat size, door width, and cost. The final specifications are based on the needs of the client, Kevin Sample, as well as an analysis of the wider consumer market. The width adjustment design uses an axle above the driving wheels, which are connected to it by sliding sleeves. Automatic adjustment is accomplished using a linear actuator. The drive wheels are large and run at low pressure to surmount obstacles and damp vibrations. Differential steering combined with rear caster wheels gives the chair a small turning radius, and its length is comparable to that of standard manual wheelchairs. The seat can be easily removed to access the battery and control system or to load the chair into a vehicle. A joystick is used to control the speed and direction of the chair, while a separate momentary switch is used for the linear actuator. Throughout the modeling process, stress analysis was performed using simulations in Inventor. Any necessary adjustments were made to ensure that none of the parts will fail, considering both failure theory and fatigue. Various grades of aluminum were selected for the majority of the manufactured parts, due to their corrosion resistance and light weight. The device is currently in the prototype manufacturing stage. If it is later marketed, a curb mounting device may also be included; this was decided against mainly due to cost and time restrictions. Space has also been left for a carrying basket, which will likely be added to the first prototype. The initial goal is to produce a single chair for our client, although the design may later be submitted for Medicare and ADA approval.
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Grant-Muller, Susan, Frances Hodgson, Gillian Harrison, Nick Malleson, Tom Redfern, and Rob Snowball. "Transport-Health Equity Outcomes from mobile phone location data – a case study." In CARMA 2018 - 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2018.2018.8349.
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The work presented here demonstrates the potential of new generation data arising from innovative policies (based on persuasive technologies) in the transport sector. Improved understanding of the spatial distribution of health impacts arising from the introduction of new travel initiatives will support more targeted and efficient policy development across both the transport and health sectors. Typical health impacts include those arising from changes in levels of personal activity with alternative mode choices. With a sectoral approach to policy development, positive impacts for one sector (i.e. improved transport services) may be negated by dis-benefits in another (e.g. low levels of active travel choice and increased obesity related disease burden). The horizontal notion of equity (Thomopoulos, Grant-Muller and Tight, 2009) is applied using a range of transport-related health outcomes including cancer, heart disease and depression. The research methodology interfaces new generation ‘Track and Trace’ information on individuals location and mode choices (detected as mobile phone app-based sensor data) with a new integrated transport and health model (IHITM), finally calculating an equity indicator based on distributional impacts.
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Guillermier, Pierre, Julien Banchet, David Tisseur, Se´bastien Hermosilla Lara, Marc Bivert, and Marc Piriou. "HTR Fuel Integrity With Electromagnetic, Vision and Radiographic Nondestructive Evaluation Methods." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58092.
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In order to ensure HTR fuel qualification, as well as reactor safety, particles need to satisfy a set of specifications including particle integrity. To achieve this goal, AREVA NP has been engaged for several years in a R&D program aiming at the development of innovative industrial non destructive evaluation methods for HTR fuel as alternatives to destructive methods. After investigating a number of potential techniques, development has been focused on vision and eddy currents, both aiming at crack detection. High resolution Phase Contrast X-Ray imaging was also studied for structural defects characterization. For all these techniques, besides the development of HTR fuel dedicated control methods, equipment and probes were specifically designed, tested and optimized thanks to experiments conducted on real and artificial flaws, yielding for some of the methods to potential industrialization and quality control performed over 100% of the fuel production.
Reports on the topic "Including two innovative methods"
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Bano, Masooda, and Zeena Oberoi. Embedding Innovation in State Systems: Lessons from Pratham in India. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/058.
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The learning crisis in many developing countries has led to searches for innovative teaching models. Adoption of innovation, however, disrupts routine and breaks institutional inertia, requiring government employees to change their way of working. Introducing and embedding innovative methods for improving learning outcomes within state institutions is thus a major challenge. For NGO-led innovation to have largescale impact, we need to understand: (1) what factors facilitate its adoption by senior bureaucracy and political elites; and (2) how to incentivise district-level field staff and school principals and teachers, who have to change their ways of working, to implement the innovation? This paper presents an ethnographic study of Pratham, one of the most influential NGOs in the domain of education in India today, which has attracted growing attention for introducing an innovative teaching methodology— Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) – with evidence of improved learning outcomes among primary-school students and adoption by a number of states in India. The case study suggests that while a combination of factors, including evidence of success, ease of method, the presence of a committed bureaucrat, and political opportunity are key to state adoption of an innovation, exposure to ground realities, hand holding and confidence building, informal interactions, provision of new teaching resources, and using existing lines of communication are core to ensuring the co-operation of those responsible for actual implementation. The Pratham case, however, also confirms existing concerns that even when NGO-led innovations are successfully implemented at a large scale, their replication across the state and their sustainability remain a challenge. Embedding good practice takes time; the political commitment leading to adoption of an innovation is often, however, tied to an immediate political opportunity being exploited by the political elites. Thus, when political opportunity rather than a genuine political will creates space for adoption of an innovation, state support for that innovation fades away before the new ways of working can replace the old habits. In contexts where states lack political will to improve learning outcomes, NGOs can only hope to make systematic change in state systems if, as in the case of Pratham, they operate as semi-social movements with large cadres of volunteers. The network of volunteers enables them to slow down and pick up again in response to changing political contexts, instead of quitting when state actors withdraw. Involving the community itself does not automatically lead to greater political accountability. Time-bound donor-funded NGO projects aiming to introduce innovation, however large in scale, simply cannot succeed in bringing about systematic change, because embedding change in state institutions lacking political will requires years of sustained engagement.
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Ruzante, Juliana M., Ellen Thomas Shumaker, Sidney Holt, et al. Eliciting Stakeholder Perceptions Using a Novel Online Engagement Platform: A Case Study on Nano-Agrifoods. RTI Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2022.op.0071.2201.
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Stakeholder engagement is an important component in developing policies on critical issues such as the use and development of novel methods and technologies, including biotechnologies and nanotechnologies. Understanding the perspectives, needs, and concerns of stakeholder groups can facilitate the development of transparent and trusted policy recommendations. Innovative online research platforms have been developed as alternatives to typical stakeholder engagement methods such as in-person focus groups, interviews, and online and paper surveys. These platforms facilitate the engagement of geographically and linguistically (i.e., individuals who speak different languages) diverse stakeholders using a wide range of methods, from virtual focus groups to surveys. Stakeholders can participate at their own leisure and anonymously, which can facilitate more open interactions on issues where viewpoints may differ. In this work, we used an online stakeholder engagement platform (OSEP) to engage stakeholders and capture their perceptions and views about the application of nanotechnology in food and agriculture (nano-agrifood) and the role of responsible innovation in the development of nano-agrifood products. The OSEP provided a reliable and interactive environment for stakeholders to share their views and exchange ideas. Such OSEPs should be further explored as novel tools for engaging stakeholders on a range of issues from emerging technologies to public health.
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Bollinger, Gerald, and Jon Fricker. Updated Methods for Traffic Impact Analysis, Including Evaluation of Innovative Intersection Designs: Volume I—Technical Report. Purdue University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315336.
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Bollinger, Gerald, and Jon Fricker. Updated Methods for Traffic Impact Analysis, Including Evaluation of Innovative Intersection Designs: Volume II—Applicant’s Guide. Purdue University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315337.
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Bollinger, Gerald, and Jon Fricker. Updated Methods for Traffic Impact Analysis, Including Evaluation of Innovative Intersection Designs: Volume III—Reviewer’s Guide. Purdue University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315338.
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Hogan, Michael, and Michael Gallaher. Quantitative Indicators for Country-Level Innovation Ecosystems. RTI Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0051.1805.
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Innovation has been shown to be a key factor in determining a country’s competitiveness and economic growth potential. Through investments in education and research and development, many developing countries have tried to avoid the “middle income trap” of stagnation by working to create high-value employment opportunities. To better understand country-level readiness to innovate, we have compiled a set of publicly available data indicators and created a data tool to illustrate innovation capabilities and infrastructure by country. Our approach builds on and advances existing national innovation metrics by constructing transparent, publicly sourced indicators that emphasize changes over time and interrelationships between different indicators, as opposed to creating simple indices across groups of indicators. This occasional paper is targeted to an applied audience, explaining the methods used to assemble the data, an overview of the indicators, practical applications of the data, summary statistics, and data limitations. The data are not intended to be a tool for providing answers about innovation, but rather a starting point for future work including market landscaping, country-level diagnostics, and qualitative protocols for research.
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Greenberg, Jane, Samantha Grabus, Florence Hudson, et al. The Northeast Big Data Innovation Hub: "Enabling Seamless Data Sharing in Industry and Academia" Workshop Report. Drexel University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17918/d8159v.
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Increasingly, both industry and academia, in fields ranging from biology and social sciences to computing and engineering, are driven by data (Provost & Fawcett, 2013; Wixom, et al, 2014); and both commercial success and academic impact are dependent on having access to data. Many organizations collecting data lack the expertise required to process it (Hazen, et al, 2014), and, thus, pursue data sharing with researchers who can extract more value from data they own. For example, a biosciences company may benefit from a specific analysis technique a researcher has developed. At the same time, researchers are always on the search for real-world data sets to demonstrate the effectiveness of their methods. Unfortunately, many data sharing attempts fail, for reasons ranging from legal restrictions on how data can be used—to privacy policies, different cultural norms, and technological barriers. In fact, many data sharing partnerships that are vital to addressing pressing societal challenges in cities, health, energy, and the environment are not being pursued due to such obstacles. Addressing these data sharing challenges requires open, supportive dialogue across many sectors, including technology, policy, industry, and academia. Further, there is a crucial need for well-defined agreements that can be shared among key stakeholders, including researchers, technologists, legal representatives, and technology transfer officers. The Northeast Big Data Innovation Hub (NEBDIH) took an important step in this area with the recent "Enabling Seamless Data Sharing in Industry and Academia" workshop, held at Drexel University September 29-30, 2016. The workshop brought together representatives from these critical stakeholder communities to launch a national dialogue on challenges and opportunities in this complex space.
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Ullman, Diane E., Benjamin Raccah, John Sherwood, Meir Klein, Yehezkiel Antignus, and Abed Gera. Tomato Spotted Wilt Tosporvirus and its Thrips Vectors: Epidemiology, Insect/Virus Interactions and Control. United States Department of Agriculture, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573062.bard.
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Objectives. The major aim of the proposed research was to study thrips-TSWV relationships and their role in the epidemiology of the virus with the aim of using this knowledge to reduce crop losses occurring due to epidemics. Our specific objectives were: To determine the major factors involved in virus outbreaks, including: a) identifying the thrips species involved in virus dissemination and their relative role in virus spread; b) determining the virus sources among wild and cultivated plants throughout the season and their role in virus spread, and, c) determining how temperature and molecular variations in isolates impact virus replication in plants and insects and impact the transmission cycle. Background to the topic. Tospoviruses are among the most important emerging plant viruses that impact production of agricultural and ornamental crops. Evolution of tospoviruses and their relationships with thrips vector species have been of great interest because of crop damage caused world wide and the complete absence of suitable methods of control. Tospoviruses threaten crops in Israel and the United States. By understanding the factors contributing to epidemics and the specific relationships between thrips species and particular tospoviruses we hope that new strategies for control can be developed that will benefit agriculture in both Israel and the United States. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. We determined that at least three tospoviruses were involved in epidemics in Israel and the United States, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) and iris yellow spot virus (IYSV). We detected and characterized INSV for the first time in Israel and, through our efforts, IYSV was detected and characterized for the first time in both countries. We demonstrated that many thrips species were present in commercial production areas and trap color influenced thrips catch. Frankliniella occidentalis was the major vector species of INSV and TSWV and populations varied in transmission efficiency. Thrips tabaci is the sole known vector of IYSV and experiments in both countries indicated that F. occidentalis is not a vector of this new tospovirus. Alternate plant hosts were identified for each virus. A new monitoring system combining sticky cards and petunia indicator plants was developed to identify sources of infective thrips. This system has been highly successful in the U.S. and was used to demonstrate to growers that removal of plant sources of infective thrips has a dramatic impact on virus incidence. Finally, a putative thrips receptor mediating acquisition of TSWV was discovered. Implications, scientific and agricultural. Our findings have contributed to new control measures that will benefit agriculture. Identification of a putative thrips receptor for TSWV and our findings relative to thrips/tospovirus specificity have implications for development of innovative new control strategies.
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Veland, Siri, and Christine Merk. Lay person perceptions of marine carbon dioxide removal (CDR) – Working paper. OceanNETs, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d3.3.
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This working paper presents first insights on lay public perceptions of marine carbon dioxide removal (CDR) approaches. In seven focus groups, three in Germany and four in Norway (including one pilot) the researchers asked members of the lay public to share their views of the ocean and the effects of climate change, four CDR approaches, as well as their reflections on responsible research and innovation (RRI) of marine CDR. The four CDR methods were ocean iron fertilization, ocean alkalinity enhancement, artificial upwelling, and blue carbon management through restoration of coastal and marine ecosystems. In addition, respondents were asked to compare the four approaches. Our findings indicate that the public will be very supportive of blue carbon management irrespective of its actual carbon sequestration potential, due in part to the perceived bad state of marine ecosystems worldwide. Participants were skeptical whether any of the CDR approaches could have relevant effect on carbon sequestration and long-term storage; they reasoned about issues such as the ability to scale up treatments in time and space, unforeseen or unforeseeable effects on ecosystems in time and space, and the role of industry in the implementation process. They argued that despite the potential availability of marine CDR, industry and the general public should stop polluting behaviors and practices. Nevertheless, the participants universally agreed that further research on all four CDR methods should be pursued to better understand effects on climate, ecosystems, local communities, and the economy.
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Cytryn, Eddie, Mark R. Liles, and Omer Frenkel. Mining multidrug-resistant desert soil bacteria for biocontrol activity and biologically-active compounds. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598174.bard.
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Control of agro-associated pathogens is becoming increasingly difficult due to increased resistance and mounting restrictions on chemical pesticides and antibiotics. Likewise, in veterinary and human environments, there is increasing resistance of pathogens to currently available antibiotics requiring discovery of novel antibiotic compounds. These drawbacks necessitate discovery and application of microorganisms that can be used as biocontrol agents (BCAs) and the isolation of novel biologically-active compounds. This highly-synergistic one year project implemented an innovative pipeline aimed at detecting BCAs and associated biologically-active compounds, which included: (A) isolation of multidrug-resistant desert soil bacteria and root-associated bacteria from medicinal plants; (B) invitro screening of bacterial isolates against known plant, animal and human pathogens; (C) nextgeneration sequencing of isolates that displayed antagonistic activity against at least one of the model pathogens and (D) in-planta screening of promising BCAs in a model bean-Sclerotiumrolfsii system. The BCA genome data were examined for presence of: i) secondary metabolite encoding genes potentially linked to the anti-pathogenic activity of the isolates; and ii) rhizosphere competence-associated genes, associated with the capacity of microorganisms to successfully inhabit plant roots, and a prerequisite for the success of a soil amended BCA. Altogether, 56 phylogenetically-diverse isolates with bioactivity against bacterial, oomycete and fungal plant pathogens were identified. These strains were sent to Auburn University where bioassays against a panel of animal and human pathogens (including multi-drug resistant pathogenic strains such as A. baumannii 3806) were conducted. Nineteen isolates that showed substantial antagonistic activity against at least one of the screened pathogens were sequenced, assembled and subjected to bioinformatics analyses aimed at identifying secondary metabolite-encoding and rhizosphere competence-associated genes. The genome size of the bacteria ranged from 3.77 to 9.85 Mbp. All of the genomes were characterized by a plethora of secondary metabolite encoding genes including non-ribosomal peptide synthase, polyketidesynthases, lantipeptides, bacteriocins, terpenes and siderophores. While some of these genes were highly similar to documented genes, many were unique and therefore may encode for novel antagonistic compounds. Comparative genomic analysis of root-associated isolates with similar strains not isolated from root environments revealed genes encoding for several rhizospherecompetence- associated traits including urea utilization, chitin degradation, plant cell polymerdegradation, biofilm formation, mechanisms for iron, phosphorus and sulfur acquisition and antibiotic resistance. Our labs are currently writing a continuation of this feasibility study that proposes a unique pipeline for the detection of BCAs and biopesticides that can be used against phytopathogens. It will combine i) metabolomic screening of strains from our collection that contain unique secondary metabolite-encoding genes, in order to isolate novel antimicrobial compounds; ii) model plant-based experiments to assess the antagonistic capacities of selected BCAs toward selected phytopathogens; and iii) an innovative next-generation-sequencing based method to monitor the relative abundance and distribution of selected BCAs in field experiments in order to assess their persistence in natural agro-environments. We believe that this integrated approach will enable development of novel strains and compounds that can be used in large-scale operations.