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Doumbia, Djeneba. "Three essays on inclusive growth." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E047/document.
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Cette thèse met en exergue des recommandations sur le rôle des politiques de gouvernance, structurelles et fiscales pour atteindre une croissance pro-pauvre et inclusive. Le premier chapitre qui est introductif, présente le contexte de la thèse et discute brièvement les principaux problèmes de données ainsi que les faits stylisés sur l’inégalité et la pauvreté. Le deuxième chapitre analyse les effets de la bonne gouvernance sur la croissance pro-pauvre et inclusive au niveau macroéconomique. Il montre que tous les indicateurs de la gouvernance impactent positivement la croissance des revenus et la réduction de la pauvreté tandis que seuls deux indicateurs : l’efficacité du gouvernement et la règle de droit favorisent une croissance inclusive. Le troisième chapitre analyse comment les gouvernements peuvent réduire les inégalités de revenu en ajustant la composition des dépenses publiques tout en gardant le niveau total inchangé. Les résultats montrent que réallouer les dépenses de défense vers les dépenses d’éducation et de santé et en particulier les dépenses sociales et d’infrastructure, est associé à une réduction des inégalités dans les pays avec une stabilité politique. Le quatrième chapitre fournit une perspective micro-économique, en étudiant comment une meilleure performance des firmes dans le secteur informel peut promouvoir la prospérité partagée dans un contexte de fragilité. Ce chapitre montre que la performance des firmes est un facteur clé expliquant les différences de revenus entre les entrepreneurs. En outre, les résultats montrent que le capital humain et les compétences managériales sont des déterminants importants de la performance des firmes informellesThis dissertation provides some evidence-based policy lessons focusing on the role of institutional, structural, and fiscal policies in achieving pro-poor and inclusive growth. The first chapter gives an overview of the dissertation and briefly discusses the main data issues and some stylized facts on inequality and poverty. The second chapter examines the role of good governance in fostering pro-poor and inclusive growth at the macroeconomic level. It shows that while all features of good governance enhance pro-poor growth, only government effectiveness and the rule of law tend to promote inclusive growth. The third chapter provides a cross-country analysis investigating how governments can reduce income inequality by changing the composition of public spending while keeping the total level fixed. The results show that reallocating defense spending towards education, and health spending and in particular social and infrastructure spending, is associated with reduced income inequality in countries with political stability. The fourth chapter provides a microeconomic perspective, focusing on how better performance of informal firms could promote shared prosperity in a context of fragility. It shows that firms’ performance is a key factor in explaining income differences between entrepreneurs. In addition, the chapter finds that human capital and managerial skills are important engines of informal firms’ performance
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Corbishley, Christopher. "Institutions, organizations and markets for inclusive growth." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/34692.
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This dissertation views the challenge of delivering new products and services in low-cost contexts as an organization design problem, a thesis explored in three interrelated studies. Study I examines opportunity enactment and inter-organizational design via an in-depth case study on emergency medical response services in India, a context characterised by poor access, resource constraints and institutional voids. The case and context highlight the need for innovation in organization design and governance modes to create a new opportunity that connects state actors, private healthcare providers, and the public at large. It considers the role of open innovation and novel organizational arrangements between public and private actors in creating these service platforms, before discussing their implications for literature on public-private partnerships and institutional entrepreneurship. Study II is a qualitative study on the delivery of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS services in three different states in India. Using archival data, fieldwork and interviews with healthcare professionals and front-line workers in the National AIDS Control Organization of India (NACO), it examines how work is coordinated in stigmatized client settings. It proposes a model for organization design and work integration in contexts where stigma is an antecedent to disenfranchisement. In addition, my findings highlight the interplay of formal design choices and informal coordinating practices in restoring the integrative conditions necessary for collective work. Study III is a comparative case study of two hybrid organizations. Combining stakeholder theory with organization design perspectives, it explores the prioritization of stakeholder preferences within two social enterprises. Specifically, how the demands of their most salient stakeholders influence internal governance and organization design arrangements. It demonstrates how salient preferences create complex trade-offs between coordination and agency costs associated with alternate governance choices. Their impact on the depth and breadth of social value creation are also discussed.
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Bedi, Jaskiran Kaur. "Is English language causing a dichotomy between economic growth and inclusive growth in India?" Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277744.
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India's colonial legacy and linguistic diversity has given English language a prominent role in the country. This research, through a historical analysis, first understands the factors behind the persistent prevalence of the language in India. The reasons go beyond colonial legacy and globalisation, and enters the domain of economics. Particularly, India’s reliance on the service sector plays a role in accrediting the language with a superior status. Having entered the economic arena, the research, using India Human Development Survey Round 2, conceptualises and quantifies the impact of English language on economic indicators including wage rates and GDP. The results reflect a significantly positive relationship between the language and income. A fluent English speaker earns 34 percent more than a non-English speaker. Furthermore, the empirical results highlight that the response of growth to investment in a state is greater the higher the number of English speakers. The substantiation of the importance of language’s perpetuation from service-based growth is further embedded by the fact that there exists a positive and statistically significant relationship between the number of fluent English speakers in a state and the growth rate of the Gross State Domestic Product of services. The thesis further investigates the relationship between the language and the inclusivity of growth. The results highlight that the likelihood of fluent English speakers moving out of the ‘deprived’ income strata by earning INR 1.5 lakh or more annually is 33 percentage points higher than that of non-English speakers. The research thus, empirically proves that though English is helping economic growth, it is simultaneously hindering development in terms of inclusivity, hence paving way for a dichotomy that policy makers need to resolve. Finally, the research aims to suggest a solution to the dichotomy through an analysis of the education system in India. Particularly, using primary data collection in Delhi, Chandigarh and Shimla, the research evaluates the pedagogy of English Language, and its impact on the learning levels. It highlights that the pedagogy of the language within the CBSE framework requires editions to lead to an inclusive learning of the language.
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Traore, Mohamed. "Fiscal policy, income inequality and inclusive growth in developing countries." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD001/document.
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La question du développement inclusif dans les pays en développement est au cœur de cette thèse. Cette dernière s'articule autour de quatre chapitres sur les questions de politique fiscale et les questions liées à la croissance inclusive. Le chapitre 1 explore comment la politique fiscale de l’Etat affecte l'inclusivité de la croissance dans les pays en développement. Nous observons que la politique fiscale affecte la croissance inclusive de manière significative si et seulement si les pays ont de fortes qualités institutionnelles. En outre, notre résultat montre qu'il existe un seuil optimal au-delà duquel toute augmentation du taux d'imposition négativement la croissance inclusive. Le chapitre 2 examine les effets des composantes des dépenses publiques sur l'équité et la croissance dans les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne, notamment s'il est possible de concevoir des dépenses publiques en vue de promouvoir une société plus équitable sans sacrifier la croissance économique. Notre étude a permis de montrer que l’investissement en infrastructure a contribué à une croissance plus inclusive en Afrique subsaharienne que d'autres dépenses publiques. Ces résultats suggèrent que des programmes temporaires et bien ciblés devraient être mis en place pour aider ceux qui sont laissés pour compte par le processus de croissance. Le chapitre 3 cherche à savoir si les problèmes d’inégalités de revenus se sont posés ou non dans les périodes d'ajustement budgétaire en Côte d'Ivoire au cours de la période 1980-2014. Nos résultats montrent une amélioration de la performance de croissance après les épisodes de consolidation budgétaire, mais aussi des diminutions de l'écart de revenu dans les périodes suivantes les années d’ajustements budgétaires. Enfin, le chapitre 4 évalue la crédibilité des prévisions budgétaires et leurs effets sur le bien-être social dans les pays de la CEMAC et de l'UEMOA. Nous sommes aboutis aux résultats que l'inefficacité des prévisions budgétaires se produit dans la plupart des cas parce que les erreurs de prévisions sont proportionnelles à la prévision elle-même, mais aussi parce que les erreurs passées sont répétées dans le temps. En outre, une partie des erreurs de prévision des recettes peut s'expliquer par des chocs aléatoires survenus dans l'économie. Par conséquent, ces erreurs dans les prévisions de revenus considérées comme des chocs de politique budgétaire ont un effet négatif sur la croissance inclusiveThe issue of inclusive development in developing countries is at the heart of this thesis. The latter revolves around four chapters on fiscal policy issues and inclusive growth-related matters. Chapter 1 explores how government tax policy affects the inclusiveness of growth in developing countries. Evidence is shown that tax policy affects significantly inclusive growth if and only if the countries have a strong institution quality like low corruption and a good bureaucratic policy. In addition, our result shows that there is an optimal tax beyond which, any increase in the personal income tax rate should have negative impact on inclusive growth. The Chapter 2 examines the effects of government expenditure components on both equity and growth in sub-Saharan countries, especially whether it is possible to design public spending to promote a more equitable society without sacrificing economic growth. We find that investment in infrastructure contributed to more inclusive growth in Sub-sub Saharan African economies than others government spending. These results suggest that temporary and well-targeted programs should be implemented to help those being left out by the growth process. The Chapter 3 investigates whether income inequality matters in the periods of fiscal adjustments in Côte d’Ivoire over the period 1980-2014. The results show an improvement in growth performance after fiscal consolidations episodes, but also income gap decreases in the periods ahead fiscal adjustments. Lastly, Chapter 4 assesses the credibility of fiscal forecasts and their social effects in CEMAC and WAEMU countries. We obtain evidence that the inefficiency of fiscal forecast occurs in most time because the forecast deviation is proportional to the forecast itself, but also because the past errors are repeated in the present. Furthermore, a part of revenue forecast errors can be explained by random shocks to the economy. Therefore, these errors in revenue forecast considered as fiscal policy shocks has a detrimental effect on inclusive growth
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Lodolo, Beatrice <1992>. "Mapping the Global Patterns of Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10165.
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On the basis of the Strategic Response released by the OECD and the Europe 2020 devised by the European Commission, this thesis develops a smart, sustainable and inclusive growth model. In the theoretical part the smartness, sustainability and inclusive capabilities of countries’ economies are identified as mutually interconnected and reinforcing priorities for development. The empirical analysis focuses on the recognition of the patterns of smart, sustainable and inclusive growth and on the extent to which those patterns are actually based on the outsourcing of both positive and negative parts of production to other countries. In this context, also the structural bottlenecks affecting countries’ development have been identified: while developed countries present issues connected to the sustainability of their production systems, in developing countries the main bottlenecks to development are the smartness and the inclusiveness of their economic structures, as well as the quality of their export baskets.
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Andonova, Marija. "The Influence of Access to Technology on Inclusive Growth through Poverty Reduction." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26891.
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In line with recent growth strategies as well as the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals, countries are faced with achieving sustainable and inclusive growth. While inclusive growth is imposed as important task for countries to accomplish, its conceptualization is rather puzzling and demands more attention. There is no consensus on the concept of inclusiveness and its major determinants let alone on how to operationalise it. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is twofold. The first part is dedicated to provide deep insight of the concept and point the main characteristics of an inclusive growth wave. This part provides discussion of the literature on inclusive growth together with analysis of the different approaches used in the different definitions of the concept. It finishes with an overview on the empirical attempts to measuring inclusive growth. The second part investigates the influence of technology, represented in form of economic infrastructure, on inclusive growth through the process of poverty reduction. This part of the thesis analyses the influence of access to technology on inclusive growth, where the poverty reduction is the variable in focus. Regression analysis based on a cross-country data set including more then 100 developing countries indicates that technology access help to reduce poverty. The results show that economic infrastructure have negative correlation with poverty, although the explanatory variables are not robust to changes in poverty measures and changes in specifications.
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Latif, Philip. "Inclusive development in landlocked states." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78930.
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We estimate the effects of the landlocked dummy on inclusive improvements in living standards using the recently developed Inclusive Development Index (IDI). Utilizing cross-country regression models from recent literature, contributions of income, institutional quality, trade and relevant controls are used to examine the effects of the landlocked trap on inclusive development. Our findings indicate that institutions and geographical conditions have statistically significant effects on the IDI score, while we find no such effects from sea port access or trade. We relate these findings to recent literature and its relevance to poverty reduction in LLDCs.Vi uppskattar effekterna av inlandstatsdummyn på inkluderande förbättringar avlevnadsstandarder genom det nyligen utvecklade inkluderande utvecklingsindexet IDI, Inclusive Development Index. Med hjälp av tvärsnittsregressionsmodeller från aktuell litteratur, använder vi oss av inkomst, institutionell kvalitet, handel och relevanta kontroller för att undersöka inlandsstatsfällans effekter på inkluderande utveckling. Våra resultat antyder att institutioner och geografiska förhållanden har statistiskt signifikanta effekter på ens IDI betyg, medan vi inte kan påvisa någon sådan effekt för varken hamnsstadsåtkomst eller handel. Vi knyter an dessa resultat till aktuell litteratur och dess relevans till fattigdomsbekämpning i kustlösa utvecklingsländer.
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Dols, Samantha. "Implications of innovation for inclusive growth: a study of Medellín, Colombia's metro system and integral urban projects." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/15053.
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Medellín, Colombia continues to attract global recognition for its evolution from a crimesaturated and desegregated city to an award-winning paragon of innovation. Two innovations in particular, the Metro System & the Integral Urban Projects, have fostered and contributed to Medellín’s inclusive growth, as indicated by a corresponding increase in both social and economic capital. Through a mixed methodology analysis of these two experiences, including participant observation, in-depth interviews with different industry leaders, and household surveys, this thesis explores the extent to which inclusive innovation has contributed to inclusive growth in Medellín. The surveys were distributed to three sensitive neighborhoods of Medellín and apply a Synthesized Framework for measuring inclusive growth, one that includes five indicators for social capital and five indicators for economic capital, emphasizing the importance of progression in both dimensions. By drawing on concepts of inclusivity surfacing more frequently in business lexicon and the emergence of a newly branded Medellín, the findings of this thesis indicates that the implementation of innovations in association with a unified city vision practiced by the local government, corporate and non-profit sector has contributed to achieving inclusive growth, and has left civilians hungry for more.
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Otero, Johansson Matias. "Political Participation and Development : Operationalizing and testing the correlation between inclusive political institutions and economic development." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-381357.
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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the correlation between economic development and inclusive political institutions. Research in the field of development economics highlights the importance of durable institutions for sustained economic growth. Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson propose that we should consider inclusive political institutions are key drivers of economic development, but political inclusion is challenging to measure quantitatively. We investigate novel ways ways to operationalize political inclusion and economic development by using voter turnout as the independent variable while median income acts as the dependent variable to better reflects the living standards of the broad population. Our thesis is that increased voter participation as a percentage of voting age population should correlate to a higher median income. Our bivariate regression shows a clear relationship but low explanatory power since linear regression doesn’t explain significant variations in the data. Multivariate linear regression results show a weaker correlation than expected but explains our data better by highlighting a clear tendency for high income democracies to enjoy high voter turnout whereas low income countries have varied outcomes. A high degree of data variability raises doubts about the validity of comparing voting participation between different political systems.
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Palling, Huusko Susanna. "Global Partnerships for Sustainable Development - a case study of the Global Deal for Decent Work and Inclusive Growth." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-361128.
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This thesis discusses global partnerships for sustainable development. Global partnerships have come to be considered as key tools for the implementation of certain international sustainable development goals and there is a growing literature on the subject. Nevertheless, no study has yet been done of the Global Deal Partnership for Decent Work and Inclusive Growth, initiated by the Government of Sweden in 2016. The partnership is presented as a concrete input to several of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially numbers 8, 10, and 17. This provides an important opportunity to make sense of the Global Deal partnership, in particular since it is the first attempt of its kind to unite all stakeholders on the global labour market to work together to provide decent work and inclusive growth for all. What are the goals of the Global Deal, how was it formed, and how is it being implemented? The analysis presented in this thesis is based on a literature survey, documentary analysis, and interviews with the Global Deal Partnership’s support unit at the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs. This thesis argues that the Global Deal partnership is a textbook example of a global multi-stakeholder partnership, developed through an inclusive goal-setting process, and implemented with monitoring and reporting functions.
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Ko, Shwe Zin. "Narrowing income disparities as policy priority for inclusive economic growth: An applied computable general equilibrium (CGE) approach on urban and non-urban industries in Myanmar." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2016. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1946.
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Since 2011, Myanmar has progressively liberalized its international trade and investment policies, resulting in both opportunities and challenges. The rising inequality between urban and non-urban areas, and within urban areas, has become a growing concern for policy makers, in addition to the existing and pervasive poverty issue. This research considers whether the support of a more skilled premium in labour supply, through investment in the human capital policy, can significantly improvement current developmental constraints. The research also investigates what policies Myanmar must integrate alongside its trade and investment liberalization policies to ensure inclusive growth. To highlight the concerns of this research, the concept of Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) and the ORANI_G single country model are applied to test a sample of 57 sectors, under 15 different industries, by using the GEMPack software.
The results obtained are justified and presented under four classifications of urban and non-urban industries, and confirm that by integrating Fritzen’s proposed “egalitarian, high-quality educational systems” into Myanmar’s current situation, new employment opportunities would increase by 684.75%: 465.67% from urban industries and 219.08% from non-urban industries. Household purchasing power would also grow noticeably: by 149.93% in urban households, 61.78% in rural households, 13.01% in regional households and 28.24% in households from supporting families. The overall capacity of Myanmar’s labour force and a household’s purchasing power would be better, and the income inequality gap within urban and non-urban could be reduced to some extent. However, urban and non-urban income inequality gap could still be existed, over a period of 2 years.
This study finds that, in an economy driven by human capital, Myanmar’s five service sectors, four primary production sectors, 16 value-added sectors (made up of 6 labour-intensive sectors and 10 capital-intensive sectors) could increase production capacity and establish stronger market competitiveness. Competitive output prices would establish market competition, both in domestic and export markets, and thus, the current account deficit problem would also be eased. This finding highlights the viability of shifting Myanmar’s economic structure from agriculture-based industries and primary-product industries to knowledge- and skill-based industries and capital-based industries. Policy improvement brings about an increase in employment opportunities by 74.69% from urban industries and by 25.31% from non-urban industries. If Myanmar policy-makers could intervene with other policies that control rising land and capital prices, as well as with financial and monetary policies that control the inflation rate, an additional five urban sectors and two regional industries could grow in the short-term with a 99.66% increase in employment: 72.69% from urban industries and 26.97% from non-urban industries. Overall, if Myanmar policy-makers implement education alongside trade and investment liberalization policy and financial and monetary policy, labour-intensive production industries and primary-production industries will improve, as well as the skilled and capital-intensive industries. Such economic growth could equal East Asia’s rate of development.
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Gaysset, Isabelle. "Croissance par l'innovation et emploi dans les pays du Sud de la Méditerranée " une application à l'emploi des jeunes"." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2011.
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Les pays de la région Mena ont un point commun, la recrudescence du chômage de masse des jeunes diplômés. Ce problème lié à la dynamique et à la qualité de la croissance, à une carence chronique en démocratie, cause des déséquilibres socio-économiques qui menacent la stabilité et le développement dans la région. Les PM doivent transformer leur modèle de croissance actuel peu différencié, en un modèle à productivité globale des facteurs, où l’innovation améliore de façon continue la qualité et la combinaison des facteurs et permet d’emprunter un régime de croissance endogène fondé sur le progrès technologique. Après une introduction générale, le chapitre II présente les systèmes d’innovation des PM et leurs effets sur l’emploi dans une analyse en composantes principales, et une étude en panel des déterminants de la croissance. Dans les chapitres III et IV, les effets de l'économie de la connaissance sur l'emploi des jeunes sont soigneusement étudiés par une analyse en séries chronologiques en panel pour la région MENA, d'une part, et pour l’étude du cas tunisien, de l'autre. Le chapitre V donne les principales conclusions de l’étudeCountries in the MENA region have been recently characterized by a common feature mainly the upsurge in the unemployment of young graduates. This is due to the dynamics and quality of economic growth, a chronic democracy deficiency, and socio-economic imbalances that threaten the stability and development wihtin the region. The PM must alter their current growth framework into a total factor productivity model, whereby innovation continuously improves, allowing for an endogenous growth regime based on technology progress to take over. After a general introduction, Chapter (II) highlightst the PM’s innovation systems and their effects on employment generation in a principal component analysis, and a panel study of the determinants of economic growth. In chapter (III) and (IV), the effects of the knowledge economy on youth employment are carefully studied though a time series analysis for the MENA region as a panel on one hand and for Tunisia a single case study on the other. Chapter (V) gives the mains conclusions of the study
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Nyasulu, Themba [Verfasser], Wilhelm [Gutachter] Löwenstein, and Dieter [Gutachter] Bender. "Foreign direct investment and inclusive growth : comparative evidence from Zambia and Malawi / Themba Nyasulu ; Gutachter: Wilhelm Löwenstein, Dieter Bender ; IEE, International Development Studies." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1169397298/34.
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Carpenter, Janine. "Enabling a generation of social entrepreneurs: A study to establish if the practice of social entrepreneurship offers inclusive self-employment opportunities for disenfranchised South African youth." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30454.
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This study is concerned with contributing to solutions that address the problems of youth unemployment, inequality and poverty in South Africa, specifically among those youth who are being marginalised from participating equally in mainstream economic activities. It argues that financial and digital exclusion, as well as poor access to a quality education, are factors which are currently limiting these youths' economic potential and perpetuating a cycle of unemployment, inequality and poverty in South Africa. The literature and theory of social entrepreneurship presents a strong case to address unemployment, inequality and poverty, as well as to stimulate economic growth by creating new business and self-employment opportunities for the youth. This qualitative grounded theory study evaluates the theory of social entrepreneurship in practice, by comparing the theory to the lived realities of some disenfranchised youths in Cape Town. The study also provides an analysis of the systems of privilege and the dual economy that exist in South Africa. Through feedback received during interviews with a representative sample of the target group, the study offers new insights into the challenges faced when young people are seeking employment or want to start a business in the South African economy. Youth social entrepreneurship development and start-up incubation programmes arguably perform a critical function in facilitating inclusive economic participation among the youth. Developing new insights, concepts and recommendations to maximise these programmes' social impact is a critical function of this study, which ultimately hopes to contribute to the creation of more inclusive entrepreneurial opportunities for disadvantaged South African youth.
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Collier, Benjamin L. "Financial Inclusion and Natural Disasters." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/14.
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This dissertation explores the implications of natural disaster risk for access to financial services, especially credit. Its results show that disasters can dramatically undermine the ability of financial intermediaries (FIs) to lend after an event, increasing the cost of the disaster and delaying recovery. Moreover, the risk of natural disasters discourages investment in vulnerable regions and economic sectors and so slows economic development. Financial risk transfer mechanisms such as insurance can help maintain lending following an event. While many international development projects have targeted disaster insurance markets to households, managing disaster-related credit risk may be done more effectively through insurance products for FIs. Additionally, prudential supervision and the credit risk rating methods of investors in developing and emerging economies are dominated by developed country standards that overlook natural disaster risks. Public and private interests align in the need to tailor such standards and so enhance the effectiveness with which vulnerable FIs manage disaster risk.
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Carrillo, Sandra. "Crecimiento inclusivo, desarrollllo local y comunicación: D el discurso a la práctica." Conexión, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/114695.
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It has been demonstrated that economic growth is a required condition but not enough to reduce poverty and inequality, which are obstacles to the full development of every society. As a result, different perspectives have emerged to challenge the current measurement of development, based on gross domestic product (GDP). Inclusive growth is a new approach that offers a combination of increased prosperity and greater equity. This article argues that the perspective of inclusive growth can draw on strategies implemented as local economic development (LED), and that communication for development is a significant alternative to move from discourse to implementation of endogenous processes. This analysis is based on the reality of countries rich in natural resources, particularly Peru, where economic growth and reduction of monetary poverty have been considerable, while the quality of life of its population has not necessarily improved in the same proportion. Communication for development plays a key role in the context of inclusive growth agenda in Peru, as it promotes the empowerment and coordination between public and private actors.Se ha demostrado que el crecimiento económico es una condición necesaria pero no suficiente para reducir la pobreza y la inequidad, que son obstáculos para el desarrollo integral de toda sociedad. A raíz de ello, han surgido diversas perspectivas que cuestionan la actual medición del desarrollo, basada en el producto bruto interno (PBI). El crecimiento inclusivo es un nuevo enfoque que ofrece una combinación entre el aumento de la prosperidad y una mayor equidad. Este artículo sostiene que la perspectiva de crecimiento inclusivo puede nutrirse de estrategias aplicadas como el desarrollo económico local (DEL), y que la comunicación para el desarrollo constituye una alternativa significativa para pasar del discurso a la implementación de procesos endógenos. El análisis se fundamenta en la realidad de países ricos en recursos naturales, particu-larmente el Perú, donde el crecimiento económico y la reducción de la pobreza monetaria han sido considerables, mientras la calidad de vida de su población no necesariamente ha mejorado en la misma proporción. La comunicación para el desarrollo juega un rol clave en el contexto de la agenda de crecimiento inclusivo en el Perú, en la medida que promueve el empoderamiento y la articulación entre actores públicos y privados.
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Silva, Patrícia Alexandra Semedo da. "A estratégia Europa 2020 à luz da austeridade : efeito directo nas metas de pobreza e exclusão social." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11436.
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Mestrado em Economia e Políticas PúblicasAo longo do processo de construção europeia houve uma preocupação com as questões sociais, mas nunca se lhes conseguiu atribuir um papel que fosse mais do que subalterno. Apesar das várias tentativas a Política Social continua nos dias de hoje a estar subalternizada. Em 2010, foi lançada a Estratégia Europa 2020, com intuito de ajudar a Europa a sair da crise em que estava mergulhada, mas passados que estão cerca de três anos a estratégia parece estar a ser condicionada pela crise que visava ajudar a combater.
Throughout the process of European integration was a concern with social issues, but they never managed to assign a role that was more than a subordinate. Despite several attempts Social Policy continues today to be subalternized. In 2010, was launched the Europe 2020 Strategy, in order to help Europe getting out of the crisis, but past that are about three years the strategy seems to be conditioned by the crisis which aimed to help fight.
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Gaysset, Isabelle. "Croissance par l'innovation et emploi dans les pays du Sud de la Méditerranée " une application à l'emploi des jeunes"." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2015. http://bu.univ-tln.fr/userfiles/file/intranet/travuniv/theses/eco_gestion/2015/2015_Gaysset_Isabelle.pdf.
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Les pays de la région Mena ont un point commun, la recrudescence du chômage de masse des jeunes diplômés. Ce problème lié à la dynamique et à la qualité de la croissance, à une carence chronique en démocratie, cause des déséquilibres socio-économiques qui menacent la stabilité et le développement dans la région. Les PM doivent transformer leur modèle de croissance actuel peu différencié, en un modèle à productivité globale des facteurs, où l’innovation améliore de façon continue la qualité et la combinaison des facteurs et permet d’emprunter un régime de croissance endogène fondé sur le progrès technologique. Après une introduction générale, le chapitre II présente les systèmes d’innovation des PM et leurs effets sur l’emploi dans une analyse en composantes principales, et une étude en panel des déterminants de la croissance. Dans les chapitres III et IV, les effets de l'économie de la connaissance sur l'emploi des jeunes sont soigneusement étudiés par une analyse en séries chronologiques en panel pour la région MENA, d'une part, et pour l’étude du cas tunisien, de l'autre. Le chapitre V donne les principales conclusions de l’étudeCountries in the MENA region have been recently characterized by a common feature mainly the upsurge in the unemployment of young graduates. This is due to the dynamics and quality of economic growth, a chronic democracy deficiency, and socio-economic imbalances that threaten the stability and development wihtin the region. The PM must alter their current growth framework into a total factor productivity model, whereby innovation continuously improves, allowing for an endogenous growth regime based on technology progress to take over. After a general introduction, Chapter (II) highlightst the PM’s innovation systems and their effects on employment generation in a principal component analysis, and a panel study of the determinants of economic growth. In chapter (III) and (IV), the effects of the knowledge economy on youth employment are carefully studied though a time series analysis for the MENA region as a panel on one hand and for Tunisia a single case study on the other. Chapter (V) gives the mains conclusions of the study
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Sancak, Merve. "Finding skills in middle-income countries : the case of auto parts suppliers in Mexico and Turkey." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288420.
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This thesis studies the determinants and outcomes of the skill systems in Mexico and Turkey, two crucial cases of middle-income countries (MICs). Despite the similarities in their previous institutional environments and links to the global economy, Turkey has experienced higher economic growth and better social development compared to Mexico. This PhD project focuses on the Mexican and Turkish skill systems, which have been significant institutions that affect the (different) economic and social characteristics of advanced industrialised countries in the literature on comparative capitalisms (CCs). This study builds its theoretical approach on the arguments of CCs literature and the claims of globalisation, where it draws from the studies on global value chains (GVCs). It scrutinises the patterns of convergence due to globalisation and ongoing divergence because of the variation of institutional structures. It examines the complementarities and outcomes of the skill systems, which will then help to understand the divergence of development experiences between Mexico and Turkey. This PhD project carries out a multi-level research and focuses the empirical study on auto parts-automotive value chains (AACs), which is an important industry for many MICs including Mexico and Turkey. The multi-level research first includes a macro-level study of local institutions in Mexico and Turkey, as well as the convergence patterns through the AACs. This is complemented with a micro-level analysis of firms' strategies to find workers with technical skills in production functions. The findings show that while there is some convergence in the Mexican and Turkish auto parts producers' skill needs, firms from these two countries adopt different strategies to address their needs. The distinctive national institutions in Mexico and Turkey, which are shaped by the differences in the state's involvement, are the main reasons for this divergence. The differences between the Mexican and Turkish skill systems have created different outcomes for both the firms and workers in these countries, and hence are expected to have contributed to their diverging development paths.
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Lee, Sang H. "Index inclusion effect growth vs. value /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1451.
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Thomas, Jay Bradley. "Melt Inclusion Geochemistry." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11262.
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Silicate melt inclusions (MI) are small samples of melt that are trapped during crystal growth at magmatic pressures and temperatures. The MI represent a sample of the melt that was isolated from the magma during host crystal growth. Thus, MI provide a valuable tool for constraining the magmatic history of igneous systems because they provide an unambiguous method to directly determine compositions of melts from which the host crystal grew. As such, coupled petrographic examination and geochemical analyses of MI and host crystals can reveal information about crystal/melt processes in igneous systems that are difficult (or impossible) to assess through conventional methods. Many studies have used MI to monitor large scale petrogenetic processes such as partial melting and fractional crystallization. The research presented below focuses on using MI to constrain processes that operate at the crystal/melt interface because MI are samples of melt that resided adjacent to the host crystal prior to entrapment as an inclusion. Chapter one addresses challenges associated with preparing small crystals containing MI for geochemical analysis. In chapter two trace element analyses of MI and the immediately adjacent host zircon crystals are used to determine zircon/melt partition coefficients. In chapter 3 the significance of boundary layer development adjacent to growing crystals is evaluated by comparing the trace element compositions of MI host crystals that have significantly different trace element mineral/melt partitioning behavior.Ph. D.
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Багмет, К. В. "Державне регулювання інституційних змін соціального сектору національної економіки." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/75225.
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Дисертаційна робота присвячена розробленню теоретико-методологічного та методичного підгрунтя державного регулювання інституційних трансформацій у соціальному секторі національної економіки в контексті гармонізації економічного розвитку й соціального прогресу відповідно до концепції інклюзивного економічного зростання. У дисертації запропоновано визначення соціального сектору національної економіки як об’єкта державного регулювання за інституційною побудовою та функціональною структурою; обгрунтовано комплексне бачення його інституційної якості; розроблено методологію оцінювання соціально-економічної віддачі як однієї з детермінант державного регулювання системи надання соціальних послуг; проведено емпіричний аналіз економічної конвергенції та конвергенції інституційної якості соціального сектору; запропоновано методологію визначення відносного рівня втрати потенціалу розвитку соціального сектору національної економіки та на його основі – індикативного значення ВВП-розриву на душу населення; проведено емпіричний аналіз комплементарності інститутів соціального сектору та базових інститутів; досліджено роль соціального капіталу як драйвера інклюзивного економічного зростання; розроблено концептуальні засади формування стратегії державного регулювання інституційних змін соціального сектору національної економіки та здійснено оцінювання його ефективності.The dissertation is devoted to the development of theoretical and methodological foundations of state economic policy to ensure institutional transformations in the social sector in the context of harmonization of economic growth and social progress. The dissertation proposes the definition of the social sector of the national economy as an object of state regulation by institutional structure and functional structure, the results of the analysis allowed to highlight the general trends of economies development of different countries, which testify to the changing economic role of the social sector. The theses substantiates the essence of the institutional quality of the social sector of the national economy as a complex characteristic of its ability to provide social public services of the quality that meets the state social guarantees (standards), the ability of social sector institutions to adequately respond to the vectors of socioeconomic development changing, harmonization with an existing institutional structure, the ability to rapidly transform this structure without loss of dynamic stability. The methodology for identification of the determinants of state regulation of the social services delivery system coming from the assessment of socio-economic returns is proposed, based on the definition of an integral index that aggregates indicators of social outcomes of education, health and social protection systems. According to the results of the analysis of economic convergence and convergence of social sector quality of some European countries of the Eastern Partnership and the existence of divergence between social and economic trajectories of development of these countries is defined. It is proposed in the theses to determine the relative level of loss of development potential of the social sector of the national economy, which causes the underutilization of human capital and is expressed in the lack of GDP. The integral nature of this indicator made it possible to consider the economic, institutional and social determinants of social sector development. Panel data on the impact of institutional quality (public administration effectiveness) on the development of the social sector is analysed, which revealed that the quality of government regulation (government effectiveness) has a direct significant impact on the development of the social sector. The role of social capital is explored. In the trialist essence, social capital integrates functions (transformational, informational, motivating and supporting) and acts as a driver of inclusive economic growth. It transforms institutional im-pulses into a resource (an additional factor of productivity), which in a particular institutional and economic environment ensures the growth of economic results of the functioning of the national economy. An empirical analysis of the relations between economic growth and the dynamics of social capital development has identified a link between changes in social capital components and indicators of economic inequality. The results also revealed a direct link between economic and non-economic inequality, in particular – gender. The negative value of the corre-lation between social capital and the poverty rate indicates the losses of social capital due to the increase in the share of the poor. There is also a direct link be-tween the effectiveness of government regulation and all components of social capital, which confirms the impact of institutional determinants of development on social capital. The theses elaborates the conceptual bases for designing of the strategy of state regulation of institutional changes at the social sector of the national economy, which envisages the creation of an institutional and economic environment where economic growth is achieved simultaneously with achieving social goals by defined targets through the development of market-coherent and socially-coherent interactions. The strategic direction of state regulation of the institutional changes of the social sector does not define the gradual shift from the institutions of income redistribution to the institutions of complicity. Based on the evaluation of the effectiveness of the state regulation of the social sector of national economy and the proposed methodology, it is defined that the most priority for Ukraine is the development of social infrastructure and the development of social protection mechanisms at the labour market. The use of financial resources has demonstrated the need for a significant improvement in the health financing system.
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Arthur-Iweze, Ifeanyi Jane. "The Impact of Financial Inclusion on the Nigerian Economy." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33672.
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Financial inclusion remains a critical issue for developing economies such as Nigeria, where the focus of the government is to bring all economic units into the pool of the country's financial system. The rate of financial inclusion is an economic yardstick that cannot be discounted and one which remains a clear focal point of different inter-governmental efforts and policy. On one hand, there is the realisation that a low rate of financial inclusion means that a huge percentage of the population rarely has access to the kind of financial services that can take them out of poverty. As a contemporary discourse, this research seeks to assess the impact of financial inclusion on the development of the economy; arguing on the premise that proxy indicators in existing research have failed to provide a clear picture on the impact of financial inclusion on the economy, thereby failing to provide stakeholders with a strong motivation to pursue financial inclusiveness in the country. The focus of the study is to assess the effect of financial inclusion on income inequality and economic growth. To achieve this objective the study leverages on data spanning a period of 34 years (1981 to 2016), based on data generated from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and the World Bank Development Indicators. Using the Error Correction Mechanism (ECM),Unit Root Analysis and the Co-Integration analytical framework, the findings indicated that the short and longrun relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth in Nigeria show that the current values of the variables were not significant. Regarding the relationship between financial inclusion and income inequality in Nigeria, the short-run result revealed that only the past values of loans to rural areas and number of commercial bank branches appears to be significant, while at the long-run, the lagged value of gross domestic product per capital, commercial bank deposits and loans to rural areas were found to be statistically significant. The study further notes that financial inclusiveness was a precursor for economic growth in Nigeria. It is on this basis that the study recommends among others that; there is the need to increase loans to the rural areas by at least 50% this can be done through moral suasion to boost the economic activities in the rural areas, improve their aggregate demand, and ultimately their standard of living. There is also the need to engage more workforce in the rural areas to close the inequality gap prevalent in the country.
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Calderón, Ponce Génesis Rachel. "Efecto de la inclusión financiera para el crecimiento económico." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652222.
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El proceso de inclusión financiera ha permitido la expansión de servicios financieros a cada vez más lugares enfocados en buscar el desarrollo. Desde el punto de vista económico, el sistema financiero contribuye de forma útil en la economía a través del aporte en las decisiones de ahorro e inversión de un país y su funcionalidad valida el crecimiento económico. Por ello, resulta importante que la estructura financiera sea sólida e inclusiva para ser sostenible en el tiempo, ya que en presencia de fallas de mercado pueden crearse barreras subjetivas y objetivas de acceso a la inclusión financiera. En este contexto, el presente estudio evalúa si el componente inclusión financiera influye en el crecimiento económico en presencia de cooperativas de créditos.
Considerando la literatura existente sobre el vínculo entre el crecimiento económico y el sistema financiero, la investigación considera que las cooperativas tienen influencia en la medida que tienen propias particularidades sociales y funcionan como mecanismo para expandir la inclusión financiera. En ese sentido, este trabajo se basa en la teoría de inclusión financiera para comprender el rol de las cooperativas y su efecto en el crecimiento económico.The financial inclusion process has allowed the expansion of financial services to more and more places focused on seeking development. From the economic point of view, the financial system contributes in a useful way in the economy through the report on the saving and investment decisions of a country and its valid functionality economic growth. Therefore, it is important that the financial structure is solid and inclusive to be sustainable over time, since in the presence of market failures, subjective and objective barriers to access to financial inclusion can be created. In this context, the present study evaluates whether the financial inclusion component influences economic growth in the presence of credit cooperatives. Considering the existing literature on the link between economic growth and the financial system, the research considers that cooperatives have influence to the extent that they have their own social peculiarities and mechanisms as a mechanism to expand financial inclusion. In this sense, this work is based on the theory of financial inclusion to understand the role of cooperatives and their effect on economic growth.
Trabajo de investigación
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Olivares, Obeso Renzo Rolando. "Determinantes de la Inclusión Financiera en Economías Emergentes de América Latina para los años 2011, 2014 y 2017." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/631703.
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La presente investigación aporta a la literatura económica sobre inclusión financiera. La importancia de su estudio radica en las implicancias de esta variable sobre el crecimiento económico y la reducción de la pobreza, ya que brinda mayores oportunidades a las personas para decidir sobre sus finanzas. La principal contribución es analizar la relación que existe entre la inclusión financiera y sus principales determinantes en economías emergentes de América Latina elegidas por el ranking 2019 de economías emergentes del MSCI, siendo estas: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México y Perú. Asimismo, determinar las principales barreras que se perciben como razones para ser excluidos del sistema financiero. De esta manera, mediante el proceso de especificación se determinó un modelo Probit como la mejor representación; y, con el proceso de estimación de este (utilizando los datos del Global Findex Data en conjunto con Gallup), se llegó a la conclusión que las principales variables que influyen para que una persona pueda aumentar la probabilidad de ser incluido financieramente son: el género de una persona, la edad, los ingresos, el nivel de educación alcanzado y el país de origen del encuestado. Mientras que, las principales barreras para ser excluido financieramente son: que un familiar tenga una cuenta financiera y la desconfianza que se tiene hacia el sistema financiero.This research contributes to the economic literature on financial inclusion. The importance of its study lies in the implications of this variable on economic growth and poverty reduction, as it gives people greater opportunities to decide on their finances. The main contribution of this research is to analyze the relationship between financial inclusion and its key determinants in Emerging Economies of Latin America chosen by the 2019 ranking of MSCI emerging markets, being the following countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. Furthermore, determining the main barriers that are perceived as reasons to influence the probability to be part of financial exclusion. Thus, by means of the specification process, a Probit model was determined as the best representation; and, with the process of estimating this using the Global Findex Data in conjunction with Gallup, it was concluded that the main variables that have influence to be part of financial inclusion are: the gender of a person, age, income, level of education attained and the country of origin of the respondent. While the main barriers to being excluded financially are: a family member has a financial account and the distrust of the financial system.
Trabajo de investigación
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Rush, Jeremy Richard. "Crystal growth, guest ordering and ferroelastic properties of urea inclusion compounds." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/526.
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Ng-Muk-Yuen, Jennifer Diane. "Prevention of bacterial growth in platelet products via inclusion of iron chelators." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1338.
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Bacterial infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality arising from platelet transfusions (1, 2). Storage of platelet products at room temperature (20 to 24ºC) provides ideal conditions for bacterial proliferation (1, 3-6). Furthermore, platelets are stored in plasma containing bioavailable iron that bacteria require to survive (7). Thus we hypothesize that the inclusion of iron chelators will bind and remove iron, thereby inhibiting bacterial growth in both culture medium and platelet concentrates. Additionally, we hypothesize that residual red blood cells (RBCs) in platelet units may contribute bioavailable iron that promotes bacterial growth.
To test these hypotheses, we first assessed growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis in culture medium after treatment with the iron chelators deferoxamine (DFO) or phytic acid. DFO significantly inhibited bacterial growth in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.009). Conversely, phytate only inhibited bacterial growth at concentrations ≥ 100 mM (p < 0.001); at ≤ 5 mM, phytate supplied S. epidermidis with additional nutrients and significantly promoted growth (p < 0.001). Subsequently, we monitored the change in RBCs over time. Hemolysis, methemoglobin, and iron levels all significantly increased over the 7-day storage period (p < 0.001) releasing bioavailable iron. Indeed, we found that S. epidermidis growth in iron-poor medium drastically increased with the addition of RBCs, thus supporting our second hypothesis. Surprisingly, the inclusion of DFO in minimal medium did not demonstrate a bacteriostatic effect in the presence of RBCs. The inhibitory effect of DFO was likely overcome by iron released from the elevated methemoglobin levels arising from the direct interaction of DFO with hemoglobin. Previous studies demonstrate that methemoglobin releases iron more quickly than normal hemoglobin (8).
Lastly, we evaluated the effect of DFO on microbial growth in platelet concentrates using the BacT/ALERT system. The presence of DFO significantly inhibited S. epidermidis growth in buffy coat platelets in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.001). With these findings, the inclusion of iron chelators is a promising approach to preventing transfusion-transmitted bacterial infection and providing patients with a safer platelet product.
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Crespo, Cuaresma Jesus, Bettina Grün, Paul Hofmarcher, Stefan Humer, and Mathias Moser. "Unveiling Covariate Inclusion Structures In Economic Growth Regressions Using Latent Class Analysis." Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2015.03.009.
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We propose the use of Latent Class Analysis methods to analyze the covariate inclusion patterns across specifications resulting from Bayesian model averaging exercises. Using Dirichlet Process clustering, we are able to identify and describe dependency structures among variables in terms of inclusion in the specifications that compose the model space. We apply the method to two datasets of potential determinants of economic growth. Clustering the posterior covariate inclusion structure of the model space formed by linear regression models reveals interesting patterns of complementarity and substitutability across economic growth determinants.
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Palmer, Benjamin Alexander. "Structural properties, X-ray birefringence and crystal growth of solid organic inclusion compounds." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/37422/.
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This thesis presents several new insights into the behaviour and properties of solid organic inclusion compounds and explores some of the potential applications of these properties. The thesis considers the structural properties, X-ray birefringence and crystal growth of urea and thiourea inclusion compounds. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to organic solid inclusion compounds, surveying the physico-chemical properties and applications of urea and thiourea inclusion compounds. In Chapter 2, the basic theory of the experimental techniques utilized in this thesis is introduced. These techniques include single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, Raman microspectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry. Chapter 3 presents a novel strategy for retrospectively mapping the growth history of a crystal. The new experimental strategy allows insights to be gained on the evolution of crystal growth processes by analysis of crystals recovered at the end of crystallization. The feasibility of the strategy is demonstrated by considering the crystal growth of a urea inclusion compound containing a binary mixture of guest molecules. After the crystal has finished growing, the composition of the crystal is determined using confocal Raman microspectrometry, and is interpreted to yield insights into the growth history of the crystal. In Chapter 4, new insights into the phase transition behaviour of thiourea inclusion compounds are established. The structural properties of the bromocyclohexane/thiourea inclusion compound are determined using both single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction over a range of temperatures above and below a first-order phase transition. The results demonstrate marked contrasts to the phase transition behaviour in the prototypical cyclohexane/thiourea inclusion compound, demonstrating that relatively small changes in molecular geometry (in this case bromine substitution) can have a profound influence on the structural properties of the low-temperature phase in such materials. This observation reflects the fine energetic balances that pertain in such materials and the role of small and subtle changes in intermolecular interactions involving the host and guest components. Chapter 5 reports the first definitive demonstration of the phenomenon of X-ray birefringence, reporting a material that exhibits essentially ideal birefringence behaviour at X-ray energies near the Br K-edge. The designed material, the 1-bromoadamantane/thiourea inclusion compound gives experimental behaviour in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions for the dependence of transmitted X-ray intensity on both X-ray energy and crystal orientation. The results vindicate the potential to exploit this phenomenon to establish a detailed understanding of molecular polarization, particularly as an experimental strategy to determine the orientational distributions of specific bonds in solids, for example, in the case of partially ordered materials or materials that undergo order-disorder phase transitions. Building upon the fundamentally important observations of Chapter 5, Chapter 6 demonstrates that measurements of X-ray birefringence can be used to characterise changes in molecular polarization and bond orientation in an anisotropic material. For the bromocyclohexane/thiourea inclusion compound, measurements of X-ray birefringence are used to determine the changes in the orientational distribution of the C–Br bonds of the guest molecules, associated with an order-disorder phase transition in this material. Best-fits to simulated data based on a structural model were performed, allowing quantitative structural information on the guest molecules to be established. The structural properties determined from X-ray birefringence correlate exquisitely with those obtained independently from diffraction data, demonstrating the validity of the structural model and the reliability of this novel experimental technique. These observations represent the basis of a new technique for determining information on the structural properties of materials, where diffraction methods may be unsuitable. The technique has huge potential to be utilised in the exploration and discovery of new materials and in principle could be applied to any anisotropic system. In Chapter 7, the first example of an incommensurate thiourea inclusion compound is reported. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the tunnel inclusion compound formed between 1-tert-butyl-4-iodobenzene and thiourea has an incommensurate relationship between the periodicities of the host and guest substructures along the tunnel axis, representing the first reported case of an incommensurate thiourea inclusion compound. Finally in Chapter 8, some general conclusions and outlooks for the field are stated. This chapter conveys some of the overarching concepts and questions which motivated the diverse studies presented in this thesis and also expresses some thoughts on the future outlook for the field.
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Shumba, Humphrey. "Financial inclusion of the informal sector as an enabler to economic growth in Zimbabwe." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/59771.
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The macroeconomic environment in Zimbabwe transformed over the past decade with the formal business enterprises substituted by an expanding informal sector. Statistics from the Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency showed 94.5% of the employed population aged 15 years and above being employed in the informal sector.
Players in the informal sector often do not use formal banking channels and transact on a cash basis. Newspaper reports in Zimbabwe estimate the amount of cash circulating outside the formal banking channels to range between United States Dollar 3 billion and United States Dollar 7 billion. This could be more than the money in the formal banking system which was reported as United States Dollar 4.7 billion by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe in December 2015. Financial inclusion at its basic level is about having access to a bank account and Zimbabwe has a low index of financial inclusion score. The Researcher investigated how the banking sector in Zimbabwe had adapted to the change in the macro economic environment to attract informal sector participants to use the formal banking system. The purpose of the study was also to understand from representatives of the informal sector players the reasons for not preferring the formal banking system. The Researcher also investigated whether financial inclusion impacted economic growth. Semi structured interviews were carried out with bank executives and individuals from organisations that represent informal sector players.
The research results showed that the low level of financial inclusion was due to a lack of trust in the banking sector. In addition the growth of the informal sector was attributed to weak institutions in Zimbabwe. The Researcher concluded improving the role of institutions will curtail the growth of the informal sector and improve the banking public's trust of the banking sector enabling financial inclusion. This would arguably lead to economic growth in Zimbabwe as a result of improved liquidity sector and availability of credit at affordable interest rates from the banking sector.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
zk2017
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Kumar, Parveen. "Inclusion chemistry in periodic mesoporous hosts growth of quantum-confined materials and gas separation membranes /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ucin1186772727.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.Advisor: Dr. Vadim V Guliants. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Dec. 6, 2007). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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KUMAR, PARVEEN. "INCLUSION CHEMISTRY IN PERIODIC MESOPOROUS HOSTS: GROWTH OF QUANTUM-CONFINED MATERIALS AND GAS SEPARATION MEMBRANES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1186772727.
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Mazumder, S. (Srabonty). "The impact of financial inclusion on economic growth:a literature review." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201911223157.
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Abstract. Financial inclusion is a process of ensuring the ease access of accessible, available and affordable formal financial service for all adult people of an economy. It is one of the most important prerequisites to economic development. The importance of financial inclusion is now recognized by international as well as national bodies. This thesis is concentrated on explaining how it impacts on economic growth base of previous empirical research work. This thesis work reviews a total of 12 studies that are done by different researchers and the study aims to review that papers on how financial inclusion serves as a mean of inclusive growth.
The first part of the thesis is containing the theoretical aspect of financial inclusion, the importance of it, barriers, relationship with growth and how to measure it. The next part gives an overview of financial inclusion. The final part, research findings is the main part of this thesis. In this part, within three-section, numerous studies have been reviewed. 1st section has reviewed the positive impact of four-panel and cross-sectional’s studies. 2nd section also has reviewed the positive impact of different time series and individual country level literature. The last have section reviews negative results between financial inclusion and economic growth.
Most of the researchers recommended that policy play a vital role to increase the network branches, dissemination of financial services and eliminate all barriers to access financial service to ensure economically sustainable derived from financial inclusion. Other hands, lack of transparency, frail stock market, weak financial system, lack of transparency, and lack of financial system are responsible for negative impact on growth.
All of the studies found a relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth. Some studies found positive and some got a negative result. So, it is could be concluded that financial inclusion has an impact on economic growth.
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Hossain, Shadiya T. "Financial Crisis, Inclusion and Economic Development in the US and OIC Countries." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2274.
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The following dissertation contains two distinct empirical essays which contribute to the overall field of Financial Economics. Chapter 1, entitled “Financial Inclusion and Economic Development in OIC Member Countries,” examines whether the presence of Islamic finance promotes development and alleviates poverty. To do so, we estimate the influence of financial inclusion variables on development and poverty variables for OIC countries. Using data from the World Bank, we use dynamic panel analysis using methodology similar to Beck et al (2000) to study the effects of financial inclusion on economic development and use simple cross-sectional analysis similar to Beck et al (2004) to study the effects on poverty alleviation. We find that the countries with Islamic finance tend to outperform the rest of the world. We believe that the ability of financial institutions offering Shari’a compliant services to bring otherwise excluded people under the financial system plays a major role in increased development and reduced poverty in those countries. The results support our view that financial inclusion is causing development. Chapter 2 entitled, “Asymmetric Market Reactions to the 2007-08 Financial Crisis: From Wall Street to Main Street,” examines the impact of significant news events during the 2007 – 2008 financial crisis on the abnormal stock returns for portfolios of financial and real sector firms. We recognize 17 significant news events from 2007 and 2008 and create equity portfolios using daily CRSP data from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2009. We estimate event announcement interval abnormal returns in the context of an asset pricing model similar to Fama and French (1993) and Carhart (1997). We document significant negative abnormal returns for the portfolio of non-financial firms, and the smallest firms exhibit the largest negative abnormal returns, an indication of a significant spillover of financial market news to real sector stock returns. Smaller financial firms also exhibit negative abnormal event returns, and these results are driven by broker-dealer, depository, holding-investment, and real estate firms. The results provide new evidence regarding the incorporation of news events into asset prices during financial crises.
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Noriega, Kristen. "Is the inclusion of animal source foods in fortified blended food justified?" Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17571.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Human Nutrition
Brian Lindshield
Fortified blended foods (FBF) are used for the prevention and treatment of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) in nutritionally vulnerable individuals, particularly children. A recent review of current FBF recommended the addition of animal source food (ASF), in the form of whey protein concentrate (WPC), to FBF, especially corn soy blend. The justifications for this recommendation include the potential of ASF to increase length, weight, muscle mass accretion, and recovery from wasting, as well as improve the product protein quality and provide essential growth factors. Evidence was collected from the following four different types of studies: 1) epidemiological, 2) ASF versus no intervention or a low-calorie control, 3) ASF versus an isocaloric non-ASF, and 4) ASF versus an isocaloric, isonitrogenous non-ASF. Epidemiological studies consistently associated improved growth outcomes with ASF consumption; however, little evidence from isocaloric and isocaloric, isonitrogenous interventions was found to support the inclusion of meat or milk in FBF. Evidence suggests that whey may benefit muscle mass accretion, but not linear growth. Overall, there is little evidence to support the costly addition of WPC to FBFs. Further randomized isocaloric, isonitrogenous ASF interventions with nutritionally vulnerable children are needed.
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Halvorson-Fried, Sarah Marie. "Exploring Factors Influencing Employer Attitudes and Practices toward Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in the New River Valley." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71705.
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Although Congress enacted civil rights legislation in the 1960s to address racial inequities in income and employment, the executive branch and the courts have since retreated from efforts to pursue those policies aggressively. Meanwhile, anti-racism advocates, including the Montgomery County, Virginia based Dialogue on Race, have continued to promote strategies aimed at securing employment and income equity for all citizens. This study analyzed the social and economic costs of continued racial inequality in employment and income, and examined the ways in which local employers are addressing this challenge in the Blacksburg, Virginia region by exploring their self-reported rationales for action on the basis of economic efficiency or profit, moral obligation to fairness and justice, adherence to legal requirements, or leader influence. I addressed these concerns through population data analysis, key informant interviews, and a survey of major local employers. I found that New River Valley employers appear to be motivated by economic and moral reasons, as well as legal compliance. I conclude that activists should use this apparent openness to multiple rationales to work to help community leaders and local employers recognize racial equality as a moral imperative rather than as an instrumental claim incidental to its perceived utility.Master of Urban and Regional Planning
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Zbacnik, Amanda J. "Co-teaching in higher education| Effects on pre-service educators' academic growth and attitudes towards inclusion in special education." Thesis, Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3734323.
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Co-teaching has been utilized as a method of academic intervention used in K-12 classrooms over the past fifteen or more years. This method has consistently involved the pairing of a special educator with a general educator through a variety of co-teaching models. Co-teaching is meant to be used in inclusive environments, where students with and without disabilities are taught together. Co-teaching is a commitment from both educators who participate voluntarily, develop a professional relationship with one another, allow time for planning of classroom objectives, and obtain sufficient training. Multiple benefits to carefully implemented co-teaching in the K-12 environment have been documented in research studies. However, few studies contain information about co-teaching in higher education, particularly in the field of education. This research hopes to gain an understanding of how the pairing of a K-12 special educator and special education professor can bridge educational theory and practice to, hopefully, produce pre-service educators that have more competence about the realities of the teaching world. Results under analysis include measuring attitudes about special education inclusion and overall academic growth for pre-service educators after exposure to knowledge from two working professionals in a co-teaching and traditionally taught classroom environment.
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Barbieri, Francesca. "Effects of the inclusion of microalgae spirulina (Spirulina platensis) in the diet of Gilthead Sea bream (Sparus aurata) on growth and metabolism." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13402/.
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In gilthead seabream aquaculture, the feed supplies in the market is very expensive due to its high content of animal protein. In this respect, spiruline appears to be a valuable substitute to animal and vegetable protein. In this study we performed two experiments. The scope of the first one was to determine the effect of the inclusion of Spirulina platensis hydrolyzed on the physiological state and growth in juveniles of Sparus aurata. A total of 180 individuals were fed for 128 days with three different feeds: control diet, diet with 2% of hydrolyzed microalgae (Sp2), and diet with 4% of hydrolyzed microalgae (Sp4).The experimental groups were tested in triplicate (except control group that was in duplicate). Biometric parameters were registered every two or three weeks. At the end of the experiment blood samples were collected to analyze plasma metabolites. After this we tried to evaluate the anti-oxidant response in animals remained from the first experiment using a toxicological assay with sodium nitrite lasting three days. Fish were divided into control, Spi 2% and Spi 4%, all them with and without NaNO2. Even then, the plasma metabolites data were collected after 24h and 72h. At the end of the first experiment the administration of S. platensis appeared to have a negative impact on growth of S. aurata respect the control feed. Furthermore, the lactate content registered showed a significant difference between the control and the spiruline administration. In the second experiment the spiruline feed showed a glucose and a lactate content with significant differences after 72h of exposition to nitrites respect the control group due to the interaction between nitrites and treatment. S. platensis hydrolyzed 2% and 4% do not seems a good substitution for S. aurata both as a growth enhancer and improver of health metabolic pathways. Its role as a good antioxidant has not been confirmed in these experiments.
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Eriksson, Erika. "Sustaining future business growth: a qualitative study of diversity management in a Swedish state-owned company." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295723.
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Due to large influx of migrants along with a declining rate of native Swedes in working age, corporations are devoting more time and resources for diversity management today. While much attention has been directed towards the gender equality aspect of diversity, less attention has been given to the management of employees with diverse ethnicities and/or nationalities, hence the cultural aspect of diversity. This qualitative case study aims to contribute to the research field on diversity management in Swedish businesses in general but more specifically how the Swedish state-owned company Svevia is working with cultural diversity, identified as a strategic premise in order to assure future business survival. Through semi-structured interviews with employees at all organizational levels, a thorough understanding has been achieved of how Svevia works with diversity management and how the organizational culture allows for cultural diversity to thrive. A range of theoretical perspectives are combined in the for this study established conceptual framework, a framework which has enabled this study to provide an understanding of how an organization as a whole system, and not just fragments of organization, operationalize diversity management. Focus was given to study the processes that underlie the translation towards an intended more diverse workforce and the shape this process takes within the company. The results show that the processes through which information is being transferred within the organization, allowing for a flexibility that enables the company to evolve influenced by society’s constantly shifting demands. Svevia’s management efforts in the area of cultural diversity is not as well developed as that of gender equality. This, in a combination with a rather fragmented organizational culture indicates that there is still room for improvement regarding Svevia’s work with cultural diversity. Svevia, continues to be rather homogenous when it comes to the composition of its workforce, not reflecting the society in which they operate even though measures have been taken. However, if the increased commitment for cultural diversity continues, Svevia will most likely face the growth of diversity in the Swedish labor market, with more ease than companies who do not take measures to improve the organizational culture to become more including and welcoming.
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Lichtenstein, Jane. "Financial inclusion in Rwanda : examining policy implementation and impact on community and household lives." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/276828.
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The research question asks: “Is the policy for financial inclusion in Rwanda explicit, appropriate and effective?” The Government of Rwanda targets ‘financial inclusion’ for 80% of the population of Rwanda by 2017. The study considers what financial inclusion means, how policy has captured it, and whether policy implementation reaches the grassroots – and with what effect. Chapter 1 introduces the research study. Chapter 2 gives background to Rwanda’s development, the strategic policy cycle and planning processes, the accessibility of policy detail, and the aspiration for economic transformation to be a ‘middle income’ country by 2020. Professionalising public service, and the role of Rwanda’s leadership are considered, as are Rwanda’s demographic challenges. Chapter 3 reviews literature relevant to Rwanda’s development and to financial inclusion in development. It explores the ‘livelihoods’ analytic framework. Chapter 4 outlines methods and methodological approaches to this study. A ‘grounded theory’ approach is used and a mixed methods approach is applied to the data. The four data chapters (Chapters 5, 6 7, and 8) draw on voices of people involved in financial inclusion policy. In Chapter 5, villagers speak, via a household survey, about good things in their lives, challenges they face, and their actual livelihood activities. They explain their engagement with financial services, and discuss the role of asset ownership. In Chapter 6 senior policy makers speak of vision and pragmatism in financial inclusion policy, and their own rationale for supporting the policy. Chapter 7 focuses on voices at the mid-level of implementation: District level civil servants, cooperative managers, branch bank-managers. All describe challenges and achievements, explaining their personal route to this career position. Chapter 8 returns to grassroots, hearing voices of farmers (in groups and individually), using real lives to show impacts and limitations of the policy. Chapter 9 draws conclusions from the study: the impact of the policy for financial inclusion; the role of central and local leadership; the wider insights allowed into the nature of inclusive development; and the significance of Rwanda’s ‘Home Grown Solutions’. The study proposes a wider use of the livelihoods analytical framework as an aid to understanding transformation at diverse levels in development.
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Johan, Filip Rindler Johan Filip. "Lower Semicontinuity and Young Measures for Integral Functionals with Linear Growth." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c4736fa2-ab51-4cb7-b1d9-cbab0ede274b.
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Nduku, Xola Pauline. "Effects of dietary inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on growth performance, physico-chemical attributes, oxidative stability and sensory quality of pork." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1021281.
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The objective of the study was to determine growth performance, physico-chemical attributes, oxidative stability and sensory quality of pork from pigs fed one of three dietary treatments, eac containing 0%, 2.5% or 5% (T1, T2 and T3, respectively) Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM). Dietary treatments were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic for weaner (6 – 8 weeks) and grower (9 – 13 weeks) phases. Twelve Large White (LW) and 12 Kolbroek (KB) male pigs at 6 weeks of age, initially weighing an average 10 kg, were randomly allocated to one of the dietary treatments, each with four replicates, in individual pens. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. The Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle of each carcass (n = 24) was sampled for meat quality and fatty acid analyses. Breed differences in measured parameters were observed. In pigs receiving 5% MOLM, the LW had significantly the highest ADFI (P<0.05) than KB pigs. In pigs receiving 2.5% and 5% MOLM, backfat thickness was significantly highest (P<0.05) compared to those receiving 0% MOML. Dietary inclusion of MOLM had no significant effects (P>0.05) on the physico-chemical quality of pork from LW pigs; although it significantly (P<0.05) increased a* and reduced WBSF values in pork from KB pigs. Pork from LW pigs receiving 5% MOLM had significantly increased (P<0.05) n-3 content of the subcutaneous tissue of LW pigs compared to KB, and also when compread to other treatment groups. In both breeds, the composition of PUFA: SFA and n-6: n-3 in the subcutaneous adipose tissue was significantly (P<0.05) lower in T2 and T3 than in T1. The n-3 levels for pork muscle from LW pigs receiving 2.5% and 5% MOLM, and from KB pigs receiving 5% MOLM, were significantly (P<0.05) lower. Inclusions of MOLM significantly (P<0.05) reduced the n-6: n-3 fatty acids in pork from both LW pigs and KB pigs. Consumer scores on sensory attributes (aroma intensity, initial impression of juiciness, first bite, sustained impression of juiciness, muscle fibre and overall tenderness and overall flavor intensity) significantly (P<0.05) increased as the level of MOLM inclusion in the diet increased; and higher scores were observed in fried meat than in boiled for most sensory attributes. It may be concluded that inclusion of MOLM in pig diets up to 5% improved the ADFI, a*, tenderness of pork without adversely affecting the FCR and other physico-chemical quality attributes; and resulted in desired increase in levels of n-3 and reduced the n-6: n-3 fatty acid ratio.
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Morts, Megan. "Effects of mix uniformity in diets with high inclusion of alternative ingredients on growth performance and carcass characteristics in swine and poultry." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32605.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Joe D. Hancock
Three finishing pig and one broiler chick experiment were completed to determine the effect of diet formulation, mix time, and diet form on growth performance and carcass measurements. In Exp. 1, finishing pigs fed corn-soy diets had greater ADG, HCW, DP, and BF (P < 0.05) compared to pigs fed diets with 30% DDGS and 10% wheat middlings. However, increasing mix time from 60 to 420 s did not affect growth performance or carcass measurements (P > 0.38). In Exp. 2, pigs were fed diets with 32% DDGS and 32% wheat middlings and were mix for 0, 15, 30, 60, or 420 s. There were no differences in growth performance or carcass measurements as mix time was increased from 0 to 420 s (P > 0.06). In Exp. 3, pigs were fed 32% DDGS and 32% wheat middlings in meal and pelleted diets that were mixed for 0 or 180 s. Pelleting diets increased ADG and improved G/F (P > 0.01). Increasing mix time had no effect on ADG or G/F (P > 0.16) as mix time was increased from 0 to 180 s. There were no differences in carcass measurements because of diet form or mix time. In the final experiment (Exp. 4), broiler chicks were fed a corn-soy diet or a diet with 20% DDGS and 20% wheat middlings and mixed for 0, 15, 30, 60, and 300 s. Broiler chicks fed the corn-soy diet had greater G/F (P < 0.01) but increasing mix time from 0 to 300 s did not affect growth performance or carcass characteristics (P > 0.13). Increased mix time in diets with high levels of alternative ingredients does not affect growth performance or carcass measurements when fed to finishing pigs or broiler chicks.
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MAROCCOLO, SERENA. "INCLUSION OF A SPECIES-SPECIFIC PROBIOTIC OR CALCIUM DIFORMATE IN YOUNG CALVES DIETS: EFFECTS ON GUT MICROBIAL BALANCE, HEALTH STATUS AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/217450.
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ABSTRACT
Calf morbidity and mortality represent major financial losses for veal and dairy producers, especially intestinal bacterial infections are the primary causes of calf mortality. Thus the preventive intervention is a recommended strategy and as a prior measures probiotics and acidifiers is an alternative to the use of antibiotics. Probiotics play a critical role in the completeness and immune response of the intestinal mucosa while the main mode of action of organic acids is through their bacteriostatic and bactericidal action. The purpose of the present trials was the evaluation of the effects both a species-specific probiotic administration in veal (1st trial) and dairy calves (2nd trial) than an acidifier supplementation in veal calves (3rd trial) on health status, gut microbial balance and growth performance. On veal calves the effects of probiotic and acidifier on slaughter performance and histological survey were further evaluated.
The aim of first the study was to evaluate the effects of the administration of a species-specific probiotic supplement to veal calves on performance and microbial parameters in standard rearing conditions. Ninety six male Friesian veal calves (49.31 ± 1.38kg of body weight and 20±5 days of life) were divided at random in two homogeneous groups of 48 animals each from the arrival in the farm and fed either a basal diet (C) or a basal diet plus 1.8x109 CFU/head/day of a probiotic supplement containing Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus animalis and Lactobacillus paracasei spp. paracasei in a 35:30:35 ratio (T) for a total of 180 days. Starting from 10th day from arrival and monthly until the end of the trial, individual body weight (BW) was recorded and average daily gain (ADG) was computed. At the same time, on the half of animals per group, faecal samples were collected for faecal score evaluation (FS), Lactobacilli count, Escherichia coli count and Lactobacilli/E.coli ratio, while blood samples were collected for haematological, haematochemical and immunological parameters evaluation. During the whole experimental period daily health status and therapeutic treatments were recorded for General Health Score (GHS) determination. At slaughter 10 animals per group were analysed for macroscopically injuries detection, and gut samples were collected for histological analyses. On each subject carcass weight, dressing percentage, fattening condition, carcass grade (SEUROP classification) and meat pH were recorded. During the trial were considered six times (corresponding to the each month of fattening): from time 0, referred to the 10th day from arrival, to the last considered month (time 6). BW resulted significantly higher (P≤0.05) in C calves than T at the 5th (C=226.76kg vs T=223.27kg) and 6th (C=267.14kg vs T=263.56kg) considered times while ADG was not different between groups. Faecal consistency was, significantly higher in T group at the 4th sampling (P≤0.01) as faecal Lactobacilli content (C=8.37 Log10 vs T=8.49 Log10; P≤0.05). This trend could explain the better GHS observed in supplemented calves during the trial.
At different times, some haematological parameters such as basophils, aspartate amino transferase (AST), bilirubin, glucose, urea, bactericidal and complement were higher (P<0.05) in C group, while non-esterificated fatty acids (NEFA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) showed lower values than T (P<0.05).
At slaughter no differences were observed for carcass weight, dressing percentage, carcass grade and meat pH. The cecum histological examination revealed a less evident de-epithelialisation and a greater integrity of the epithelium surface in T subjects than C, while in both the ileum than in cecum a numerical increase of the intestinal crypts’ depth was detected. The administration of species-specific probiotic was able to improve the gut microbiological balance and health status with not no evident effects on growth performance.
The second study evaluated the effects of the administration of a species-specific multistrain probiotic (Lactobacillus animalis-Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei-Bacillus coagulans; 30:35:35) on health and performance parameters of newborn Friesian female calves during the first month of life.
Twenty-two calves were divided in two groups: control (C) fed with milk replacer and concentrate as a basal diet, and treatment (T), fed C diet plus 1g/head/d of probiotic from the second day after birth to the end of the first month of life. Faecal samples were collected weekly for the count of Lactobacilli and Escherichia coli; blood samples were collected and analyzed weekly. Individual FS was recorded daily, GHS was calculated at the end of the trial, and cell mediate immune response was evaluated by skin test at 7 and 28 days of life. Body weight, biometrical parameters and ADG were recorded weekly while Feed Intake (FI) and Feed Conversion Rate (FCR) were recorded for the overall period. Higher faecal Lactobacilli/E. coli ratio on day 28 of life (3.73 Log UFC/g vs. 2.02 Log UFC/g; P<0.05) and improved faecal consistency at 6, 25 and 27d of life were found in T group. Final body weight (48.92 Kg vs 46.92 Kg; P<0.05) and hearth girth (81.16 cm vs 78.49 cm; P<0.05) were significantly higher in T group. Concentrate FI (%DM) was significantly higher in T group overall the trial period, while ADG, FCR and milk replacer FI (%DM) were not influenced by probiotic administration. GHS showed increased mean value, but non significantly, in T group (T=20.45 vs C=18.91). Increased haemoglobin (10.04g/dl vs 8.60g/dl) and hematocrit (26.68% vs 22.17%) plasma content at 8d in T group with lower eosinophils percentage (0.05% vs 0.22%) were found at 8d in T group, while basophiles content was increased at 28d in species-specific probiotc-fed animals than C (0.21% vs 0.16%, respectively; P<0.05). The administration of a species-specific probiotic compound during the first month of life of newborn calves improved gut microflora, increased performance and some biometric parameters.
The last trial involving 36 male Friesian calves was conducted to determine the effect of calcium diformate administration and its inclusion level on growth performance, intestinal balance, metabolism, health status, and calcium and formate organ content.
The calves (44.55kg±5.51kg BW, 25±10 days old), were divided in three homogeneous groups of twelve subjects each: C fed with a basal diet, T1 fed with a basal diet plus 1%/milk replacer of calcium diformate, and T3 fed a basal diet plus 3%/milk replacer of calcium diformate for a total of 84 days of supplementation. During the experimental period daily FI, AD and FCR were determined. At 0, 42 and 84 days of trial individual blood samples were collected in order to detect haematological and biochemical parameters, Ca and FO content. At the same time faecal samples were collected for Lactobacilli, total coliforms and E.coli count along with faecal pH.
Weekly BW and FS were recorded, while the health status was constantly monitored and the cause of deaths analyzed by necropsy. At the 91st day of trial the calves were slaughtered: any presence of ulcers were detected, individual carcass weight and dressing percentage were determined, and kidney and liver weight recorded. On seven animals per group liver, kidney, muscle and fat samples were collected and total Ca and formate were evaluated. The administration of calcium diformate decreased dry matter intake from either milk powder, concentrate and both milk powder and concentrate together with increasing level of calcium diformate in the diet (C=1419,05g/h/d; T1=1217,78g/h/d; T3=1190,73g/h/d; P≤0.01). As a result, final body weight in treated animals was lower than control calves (C=121,00kg; T1=112,17kg; T3=108,74kg; P≤0.01). Mean ADG in 3%/milk replacer CaFO calves was decreased if compared to C subjects (C=0.87kg/h/d vs T3=0.73kg/h/d; P<0.01), while a similar feed conversion rate was detected between the experimental groups. Faecal score was decreased in T3 animals (P≤0.05) than control while no differences were found for faecal pH, E.coli or Lactobacilli. Higher total coliforms count was evidenced in T1 animals than C (7.45 Log10 vs T1=2.75Log10 respectively; P≤0.05). At slaughter no difference was observed for dressing percentage, while carcass weight resulted higher in C compared to T3 (C=67.49kg vs T3=58.87; P≤0.05). Organ weight and organ formate and calcium content were similar between the experimental groups.
Red blood cells count (RBC), haemoglobin (HB) and hematocrit (HT) resulted higher (P≤0.05) in C and T3 than T1, while control calves showed higher platelets (P≤0.05) value than T1, and greater (P≤0.05) triglycerides than T3. Mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) value resulted higher (P≤0.05) in T3 subjects than the other groups. Increased formate blood content in 3% of calcium difromate/milk replacer animals did not show any differences for organ formate content thus giving no accumulation. Immune response was not affected by the treatment and necropsies on dead animals suggest no interaction among treatment and death itself. The histological examination revealed altered structural aspects of the intestinal mucosa in all the experimental corresponding with no detectable differences between control T1 and T3 groups.
Epithelial detachment in the intestinal villi associated with mucous secretion excess and some diffuse mixed cellular infiltration sub mucosa and lamina propria were highlighted. The sub mucosal Brunner glands were in normal physiological conditions in C, but showed empty and enlarged lumen in treated animals. While not showing toxic effects in veal calves, the administration of calcium diformate is not useful in promoting the growth performance and gut balance. In conclusion, the species-specific probiotic administration in veal and dairy calves can improve the gut microbial balance and consequently the general health status, although no effect on growth performance, while the calcium diformate supplementation, even if not showing toxic effects in veal calves, isn’t helpful to increase the intestinal microbial balance and the growth performance.
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Johnson, Tamina L. "Elastin-Like Polypeptide Fusion Tag as a Protein-Dependent Solubility Enhancer of Cysteine-Knot Growth Factors." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7629.
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Elastin-like peptide (ELP) fusions promote therapeutic delivery and efficacy. Recombinant proteins, like neurotrophins, lack bioavailability, have short in vivo half-lives, and require high manufacturing costs. Fusing recombinant proteins with genetically encodable ELPs will increase bioavailability, enhance in vivo solubilization, as well as provide a cost-effective method for purification without the need for chromatography. During expression of neurotrophin-ELP (N-ELP) fusions, dense water-insoluble aggregates known as inclusion bodies (IBs) are formed. Inclusion bodies are partially and misfolded proteins that usually require denaturants like Urea for solubilization. Strong denaturants arrest ELPs stimuli-responsive property and increase unwanted aggregation, making purification difficult, yet possible. The current field of study exhibit issues with protein recovery due to solubility issues and aggregation. This study examines the solubility challenges of inclusion body proteins and the role ELP fusion tags play on IBs solubility. Elastin-like peptides are a class of stimuli-responsive biopolymers whose biocompatibility and limited toxicity are attractive for biological applications. ELPs are tunable polymers, which consist of peptide repeat units (VPGXG), where X is any amino acid except Proline while the guest residue or length of the sequence can be chosen. ELPs have uniquely tunable phase transitioning properties that allow the protein to undergo molecular self-assemblies into different nanostructures in response to the changes in their environment (e.g. pH or temperature). Optimizing the purification process via suppressing aggregation during the refolding process has increased protein recovery slightly however, more work is needed to attain 90 percent recovery. Usage of ELPs has increased the solubility of N-ELP fusions, specifically for brain-derived neurotrophic factor ELP fusions.
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Pham, Duc Hung. "Growth and physiological responses of snapper (Pagrus auratus) and cobia (Rachycentron canadum) fed various inclusion levels of selenium supplemented lupin meal as fishmeal replacement diets." Thesis, Curtin University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/48523.
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The nutritional effects of dietary selenium and lupin meal in snapper Pagrus auratus and cobia Rachycentron canadum were evaluated. Dietary selenium supplementation improved growth and physiological responses of cobia, but not in snapper. Dietary selenium supplementation improved growth, feed utilisation and physiological responses of cobia fed lupin-based diets. Both species showed symptoms of selenium toxicity after fed excessive selenium levels. Adverse effects were observed in snapper and cobia fed high inclusion levels of lupin.
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Sonzogni, Yann. "Les inclusions magmatiques : des cinétiques de croissance cristalline à la formation des corps planétaires." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657302.
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Décrypter les mécanismes et cinétiques de croissance et dissolution des minéraux dans les liquides silicatés est indispensable à la compréhension des processus magmatiques fondamentaux. La migration transcristalline des inclusions magmatiques sous l'effet d'un gradient thermique permet de quantifier une loi cinétique de croissance et dissolution du minéral hôte dans des conditions proches de celles qui prévalent le plus souvent dans la nature. L'objectif principal de ce travail de thèse était : i) d'étudier l'effet de la composition du liquide piégé sur le processus de migration dans l'olivine et ii) d'exploiter systématiquement le processus de migration afin de quantifier les lois cinétiques pour d'autres couples minéral-liquide. Lorsqu'elles sont soumises à un gradient thermique, les inclusions siliceuses (SiO2 ≥ 60pds%) piégées dans les olivines mantelliques et les inclusions basaltiques piégées dans les clinopyroxènes volcaniques migrent à travers leur hôte en direction du point chaud de la zone de travail. La migration s'effectue à une vitesse constante et, dans les olivines, sans modification de la composition du liquide piégé ; les inclusions des clinopyroxènes subissent en revanche une rééquilibration chimique transitoire en début de migration. Les cavités, subsphériques avant la migration, évoluent vers la forme en cristal-négatif du minéral hôte en cours d'expérience. L'achèvement de l'évolution morphologique nécessite un temps caractéristique gouverné par la diffusion chimique dans le liquide. La bulle de gaz exsolvé dans les inclusions n'est pas entraînée dans la migration. Elle se sépare du liquide magmatique et donne naissance à une inclusion fluide isolée au sein du cristal hôte. Les résultats expérimentaux indiquent que la migration procède par dissolution du minéral hôte à l'avant et recristallisation à l'arrière de l'inclusion. La vitesse de migration est limitée par les mécanismes à l'interface cristal-liquide, non par la diffusion chimique. Les taux de croissance et dissolution de l'olivine et du clinopyroxène que nous obtenons sont respectivement trente et quinze fois inférieurs à ceux déterminés dans une étude antérieure à partir d'expériences de migration d'inclusions basaltiques dans des olivines volcaniques. Ils obéissent cependant à la même forme de loi cinétique, qui peut être aisément transposée à des environnements de cristallisation ou de fusion naturels, similaires ou de plus faible déséquilibre. Le taux de croissance et dissolution de l'olivine lors des migrations n'a pas de lien simple avec la composition du liquide piégé ; il est peut-être aussi en grande partie contrôlé par la densité de dislocations du cristal hôte. Le phénomène de migration n'a pas été observé dans le quartz et le plagioclase pour les durées d'expériences réalisées. Il est néanmoins probable que l'absence de migration lors des expériences ne soit qu'apparente. Notamment, la prédominance de liaisons de forte énergie dans la structure du quartz et du plagioclase est susceptible de rendre les processus interfaciaux, et donc aussi la dissolution, particulièrement lente. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, l'opportunité s'est présentée d'étudier les inclusions magmatiques piégées dans les cristaux d'olivine de la pallasite Brahin. En particulier, deux familles d'inclusions ont été identifiées. La première consiste en des plans d'inclusions secondaires contenant de nombreuses chromites et des assemblages à métal-sulfure et olivine phosphorée ; la seconde correspond à des inclusions isolées renfermant pour la plupart de la stanfieldite, une bulle de gaz et de l'olivine phosphorée. Les inclusions secondaires se seraient formées suite à un choc ayant eu lieu alors que l'assemblage minéralogique actuel de Brahin était déjà formé, ou en cours de formation. En revanche, les inclusions de stanfieldite témoigneraient d'un choc prépallasitique.
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Sundström, Heléne. "Analytical tools for monitoring and control of fermentation processes." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4531.
Full textAbstract:
The overall objective of this work has been to adopt new developments and techniques in the area of measurement, modelling and control of fermentation processes. Flow cytometry and software sensors are techniques which were considered ready for application and the focus was set on developing tools for research aiming at understanding the relationship between measured variables and process quality parameters. In this study fed-batch cultivations have been performed with two different strains of Escherichia coli (E.coli) K12 W3110 with and without a gene for the recombinant protein promegapoietin. Inclusion body formation was followed during the process with flow cytometric detection by labelling the inclusion bodies with first an antibody against the protein promegapoietin and then a second fluorescent anti-antibody. The approach to label inclusion bodies directly in disintegrated and diluted cell slurry could be adopted as a method to follow protein production during the process, although the labelling procedure with incubation times and washings was somewhat time-consuming (1.5 h). The labelling of inclusion bodies inside the cells to follow protein production was feasible to perform, although an unexplained decrease in the relative fluorescence intensity occurred late in process. However, it is difficult to translate this qualitative measurement into a quantitative one, since a quantitative protein analysis should give data proportional to the volume, while the labelling of the spheric inclusion bodies gives a signal corresponding to the area of the body, and calibration is not possible. The methods were shown to be useful for monitoring inclusion body formation, but it seems difficult to get quantitative information from the analysis. Population heterogeneity analysis was performed, by using flow cytometry, on a cell population, which lost 80-90% viability according to viable count analysis. It was possible to show that the apparent cell death was due to cells incapable of dividing on agar plates after induction. These cells continued to produce the induced recombinant protein. It was shown that almost all cells in the population (≈97%) contained PMP, and furthermore total protein analysis of the medium indicated that only about 1% of the population had lysed. This confirms that the "non-viable" cells according to viable count by cfu analysis produced product. The software sensors XNH3 and µNH3, which utilises base titration data to estimate biomass and specific growth rate was shown to correlate well with the off-line analyses during cultivation of E. coli W3110 using minimal medium. In rich medium the µNH3 sensor was shown to give a signal that may be used as a fingerprint of the process, at least from the time of induction. The software sensor KLaC* was shown to respond to foaming in culture that probably was caused by increased air bubble dispersion. The RO/S coefficient, which describes the oxygen to substrate consumption, was shown to give a distinct response to stress caused by lowered pH and addition of the inducing agent IPTG. The software sensor for biomass was applied to a highly automated 6-unit multi-bioreactor system intended for fast process development. In this way also specific rates of substrate and oxygen consumption became available without manual sampling.QC 20100819
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Lescuyer, Hervé. "Genèse et dissolution d'inclusions non métalliques dans un métal liquide solvant de leurs constituants." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0044.
Full textAbstract:
Le diagramme de phase du systheme (al, si, alp) est determine experimentalement du cote riche en aluminium par filtration d'alliages liquides al-si contenant 0%, 13%, et 18% poids de silicium. La position du liquidus (al, alp) reste inchangee avec la teneur en silicium. La courbe de solubilite experimentale est validee en la reproduisant a l'aide de melanges (al, alp) purs. De plus, des valeurs identiques de solubilite du phosphore sont obtenues apres precipitation de l'alp ou apres dissolution de l'alp, ce qui montre la reversibilite de ces deux processus. Le calcul du coefficient d'activite du phosphore a dilution infinie dans l'aluminium donne une valeur comprise entre 10#-#3 et 10#-#4 a 800c. Le systeme presente donc une tres forte deviation negative par rapport a l'idealite. La cinetique de precipitation de l'alp est etudiee par filtration d'alliages liquides al-si, ce qui nous permet de suivre 50% de l'avancement de la reaction. La nucleation de l'alp est un processus chimique complexe qui se produit sur des temps de l'ordre de quelques minutes inaccessibles a l'experience. Nous montrons que la croissance des precipites est limitee par le transport du solute. Deux morphologies differentes de l'alp sont identifiees: des inclusions globulaires et des plaquettes. Les plaquettes d'alp se dissolvent rapidement a la fin de la reaction, par minimisation de leur energie de surface. L'evolution des inclusions alp, apres brassage mecanique du bain durant environ 20 heures, ne montre pas de phenomenes de croissance significatifs, contrairement a des conditions de brassage electromagnetique. Les operations de transvasement du metal liquide provoquent une agglomeration des deux populations d'inclusions qui est suivie d'une desagglomeration liee a la dissolution des plaquettes
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Huang, Chih-Yuan, and 黃致遠. "Economic Growth and Inclusive Development in Latin America." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ndp9y9.
Full textAbstract:
碩士靜宜大學
西班牙語文學系
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In the past twenty years, economic has grown enormous in Latin America, but social inequality is still very high. Although the economic grows through significant expansion in past two decades; however, the problem of social inequality remains a serious issue. The inclusive development is not only a reflection on the concept of economic development theory but also is a multidimensional concept. It can be affected by several interrelated issues, such as: the elimination poverty and hunger, the full coverage of education, reducing gender inequality, improving health condition, environmental protection and efficient economic development. Therefore the promotion of the inclusive development plays an important role in the eradication of inequality and equitable economic growth in Latin American countries. This thesis is divided into the following parts: first of all we will talk about the definition and theoretical framework of inclusive development. Second chapter, economic growth in Latin countries between 1990 and 2010, which includes fives factors related to economic growth, the GDP, international trade, the FDI, the unemployment rate and the income distribution. In the following chapter, international organizations promote inclusive development in Latin America; policies that they have done and the reached achievements. Finally, we will focus on pending challenges about the inclusive development.