Academic literature on the topic 'Income and expenditure plan'

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Journal articles on the topic "Income and expenditure plan"

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WARIBOKO, KEUPHEL STEPHEN, O. OFURUM CLIFFORD., and EGBE SOLOMON. "PUBLIC SECTOR EXPENDITURE AND NATIONAL INCOME IN NIGERIA." GPH-International Journal of Business Management 07, no. 06 (2024): 107–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12799973.

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The interest of this research was to examine the influence of public sector expenditure on national income in Nigeria during the period 2012-2022. Three research purposes, research questions and null hypotheses were formed to guide this research. Public sector expenditure was used as the predictor variable. Developmental, productive and plan expenditures were employed as the dimensions of public sector expenditure,while national income was the criterion variable. <em>Wagner theory</em> was used as the theoretical foundation for this research.The ex-post facto design was adopted and census samp
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Sun, Aoying, and Gen Gui. "Review of Economic History: A Study of Early Rural Economic Construction." Scientific and Social Research 4, no. 6 (2022): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/ssr.v4i6.3990.

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Economic construction plays curial role in improving the production and living conditions of the people in rural areas, and to ensure sufficient fiscal revenue. Due to the general situation of low productivity, and undeveloped economy in the rural areas, the state has proposed an economic construction plan, where economic construction and economic expenditure are interdependent, further established an economic income system with stable taxation as the main body, increase the income sources, and established an economic income system to solve the fiscal expenditures. A centralized and unified ec
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Kielb, Edward S., Corwin N. Rhyan, and James A. Lee. "Comparing Health Care Financial Burden With an Alternative Measure of Unaffordability." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 54 (January 1, 2017): 004695801773296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958017732960.

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Health insurance plans with high deductibles increase exposure to health care costs, raising concerns about how the growth in these plans may be impacting both the financial burden of health care expenditures on families and their access to health care. We find that foregoing medical care is common among low-income, privately insured families, occurring at a greater rate than those with higher incomes or Medicare coverage. To better understand the relationship between out-of-pocket (OOP) spending and access, we used the 2011-2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data and a logistic mode
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Zuhri, Mirza, Abd Jamal, and Putri Bintusy Syathi. "Analysis of Short and Long Term Effect on Government Expenditure Realization and Income Disparity Toward Poverty in Aceh Province, Indonesia." International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development 3, no. 2 (2022): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46336/ijbesd.v3i2.278.

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Implementing the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) policy and at the same time reducing income disparity is a tangible manifestation and success of local governments to keep poverty level low. This study focuses on the analyzing short-term and long-term effects of variables government expenditure realization and income disparity toward poverty in Aceh Province, Indonesia during 2010-2019 period using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. It is found that both independent variables have no significant effect on short term but have significant effect on long term. Governm
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Widianto, M. Rifqy Zakaria, and Irvan. "Penerapan Data Mining untuk Klasterisasi Data Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah Menggunakan Algoritma K-Means." Jurnal JTIK (Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi) 9, no. 2 (2025): 622–30. https://doi.org/10.35870/jtik.v9i2.3425.

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To continue the development relay and fulfill the transition period until the simultaneous elections are held, it is necessary to prepare a Regional Development Plan (RPD) for regional heads whose terms of office end in 2022. The K-Means algorithm approach can be applied in analyzing the level of potential regional income and expenditure based on regional income and expenditure clusters that have results in the K-Means algorithm testing process, two clusters cluster 1 (C0) is a category of high spending potential consisting of and cluster 2 (C1) and is a low spending potential. The applied K-M
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Salam, Salam, Syarthini Indrayani, Abdul Khaliq, and Mira Mira. "Tatakelola Keuangan Rumah Tangga Islami Menggunakan Aplikasi Money Lover Sebagai Upaya Peningkataan Manajemen Resiko Keuangan Keluarga." Jurnal Pengabdian UNDIKMA 4, no. 1 (2023): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/jpu.v4i1.6694.

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This service aims to increase literacy and Islamic financial management by using the money lover app for housewives in the village of Galesong Baru, Takalar Regency. The method used in this Service was Community Development Practice with three requirements that must be met: community-based, local resource-based, and sustainable. At the same time, the training process began with 1) Conducting outreach to educate financial literacy housewives, 2) Preparing a routine/non-routine income and expenditure budget plan, 3) Making a list of income and expenses in the Money Lover App, 4) At the evaluatio
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Reddy, Dr P. Raji. "ANALYSIS OF MUNICIPAL FINANCES OF WARANGAL MUNICIPAL CORPORATION." International Journal of Research in Commerce and Management Studies 05, no. 01 (2023): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.38193/ijrcms.2023.5106.

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This paper analyses the pattern of total income and total expenditure of Greater Warangal Municipal corporation during the period from 2015-16 to 2021-22 in terms of trends in the composition of capital receipt, revenue receipt, capital expenditure, revenue Expenditure, and allocation pattern as between different sectors, proportions of the plan and no plan expenditure and select performance indicators such as Gross surplus/Deficit or net surplus/Deficit of corporation. The results show that GWMC is faring better in terms of Gross surplus/Deficit and net surplus/deficit in all years. The major
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Lin, Feng-Li, and Wen-Yi Chen. "Did the Consumption Voucher Scheme Stimulate the Economy? Evidence from Smooth Time-Varying Cointegration Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (2020): 4895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124895.

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Background: The stimulus coupon plan is one of the economic relief plans used to boost Taiwan’s slumping economy in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. In order to obtain prior information to understand whether or not the stimulus coupon plan would effectively revive the economy in advance, the purpose of this study is to learn lessons from Taiwan’s consumption voucher scheme initiated during the 2007–2009 global financial crisis through evaluating the effect of the consumption voucher scheme on private consumption expenditure. Methods: The smooth time-varying cointegration analys
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Hosahalli, Anilkumar, and N. Honnurswamy Dr. "A study on financial performance and growth of special development plan in the Kalyana Karnataka region." International Journal of Advance Research in Multidisciplinary 3, no. 2 (2025): 54–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15271521.

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Kalyana Karnataka is a district in the southern state of Karnataka. It has been given special status for financial allocation, expenditure, and work progress under KKRDB&rsquo;s Special Development Plan in the Kalyana Karnataka Region. The southern Kalyana Karnataka region government is trying to improve the overall financial allocation, expenditure, and work progress in different parts of the districts. The study aims to examine the Kalyana Karnataka Regional Development Board's overall financial allocation and expenditure district-wise in Kalyana Karnataka Region. to know the overall assessm
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S, Nurhidayanti, Muhlis Ruslan, and Firman Menne. "Analysis of Regional Development Income Budget Towards Efficiency and Effectiveness of Development Budget Government Government Sector South Sulawesi." Indonesian Journal of Business and Management 1, no. 1 (2019): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35965/jbm.v1i1.24.

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Research location in South Sulawesi Province in 2013-2015. Measurement analysis uses Financial and Value For Money Aspects of efficiency and effectiveness. This study aims to analyze how: (1) the consistency between the Regional Expenditure Revenue Budget and the realization of the education sector development budget management of the South Sulawesi provincial government in terms of financial aspects, (2) the level of efficiency and effectiveness of the allocation of development budget management in the education sector from the Regional Expenditure Budget seen from the realization of the budg
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Income and expenditure plan"

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Perry, Nina. "Expenditure in South African Income Tax law." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4536.

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Oltean, Elvis. "Modelling income, wealth, and expenditure data by use of Econophysics." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/20203.

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In the present paper, we identify several distributions from Physics and study their applicability to phenomena such as distribution of income, wealth, and expenditure. Firstly, we apply logistic distribution to these data and we find that it fits very well the annual data for the entire income interval including for upper income segment of population. Secondly, we apply Fermi-Dirac distribution to these data. We seek to explain possible correlations and analogies between economic systems and statistical thermodynamics systems. We try to explain their behaviour and properties when we correlate
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Kebede, Bereket. "Intra-household issues in Ethiopia : essays on expenditure patterns and health." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273247.

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Marais, Madelein. "The taxation of income and expenditure of trusts in South Africa." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9619.

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The use of trusts remains popular in South Africa. Trusts are often perceived to solve all problems but the tax law provisions applicable to trusts are often highly complicated causing the person making use of the trust to be stepping into a minefield. The formation of a trust has for many years been a very popular financial planning tool for various reasons. SARS has been clamping down on trusts and with the introduction of capital gains tax and transfer duty the use of trusts has lost some of its appeal. Trust has however remained a very useful estate planning tool, so useful that the Katz C
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Sogoni, Zanele. "The taxation of income and expenditure of trusts in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4558.

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For many decades men have made provisions for their illegitimate children and mistresses by using secret trusts ' hiding their embarrassing secrets from their families and friends. Many politicians and other public figures have been known to transfer assets to a trustee to manage in secret in order to avoid conflict of interest. Businesses employ trusts to protect the interests of debenture holders, to manage pension funds and to create employee share purchase and management incentive schemes. Parents set up trusts to preserve funds for their children, others to support a religious or social c
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Burgos, Karla. "State income tax a double-edged sword." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/351.

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States are facing tough economic times as a result of the housing market bubble exploding. States have been declaring budget deficits and major program cuts, since revenues have not kept up with expenditures and rainy day funds have been practically exhausted. State tax revenues have decreased, resulting from a decline in income tax revenues, one of the major sources of revenues for a large number of states (41 in total). A majority of these states have come to depend heavily on the revenue they collect from income taxes, which can represent as much as 40% of state tax revenue. This thesis foc
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Masondo, Jabulani Steven. "Taxation of derivative financial instruments : nature and timing of income and expenditure." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23896.

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The purpose or objective of this dissertation was to analyse the current income tax treatment of derivative financial instruments in South Africa. In the context of financial markets, derivative financial instruments are mainly used for hedging and speculation. The dissertation considers whether the current South African Income Tax Act deals with the income taxation of derivatives with respect to gains and losses and the timing of those gains and losses. With regards to the nature of gains and losses arising from derivative transactions, the aspect which was considered is whether gains and los
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Huh, Eunjeong. "Leisure expenditure patterns of retired and near-retired households /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974640.

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Calitz, Johanna Eliza. "The deductibility of future expenditure on contract in terms of section 24C." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96660.

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Thesis (MAcc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Section 24C of the Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962 (‘the Act’) provides for a deduction of future expenditure that will be incurred by the taxpayer in the performance of his obligations under a contract from which the taxpayer derived income. Due to uncertainties regarding the meaning of certain words and phrases used in section 24C, the first aim of this assignment was to determine the meaning of the word ‘expenditure’ and the phrase ‘will be incurred’ as used in section 24C. The second aim was to establish how a taxpayer
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Emran, Md Masum. "Essays on co-residing decision, public education expenditure, income inequality, and education policies." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4073/.

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The determinants of residing arrangements of senior citizens to explain household formation behaviour, the role of public education expenditure to change income distribution, and the success of educational policies to increase school attendance in Bangladesh are the research objectives of this thesis which consists of four independent essays. Theoretical models and empirical analysis have been conducted both in the first and second essays to find appropriate determinants of residing arrangements of senior citizens in developing and developed countries respectively. The results suggest that eco
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Books on the topic "Income and expenditure plan"

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Canada. Dept. of Finance. The budget plan 2007: Aspire to a stronger, safer, better Canada. Dept. of Finance, 2007.

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Office, Ireland Central Statistics. National income and expenditure. Stationery Office, 1986.

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Parliament, Great Britain. Political parties: Income and expenditure. H.M.S.O., 1990.

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Finance, Ontario Ministry of. Ontario's expenditure control plan. Minister of Finance, 1993.

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Euromonitor, ed. World consumer income and expenditure patterns. Euromonitor, 1999.

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Office, Swaziland Central Statistical, ed. National income and expenditure survey, 1985. Swaziland Govt., Central Statistical Office, 1988.

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Branch, Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy Scottish. Rating review: Actuals of income and expenditure. CIPFA, 1996.

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Branch, Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy Scottish. Rating review: Estimates of income and expenditure. CIPFA, 1995.

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Office, Botswana Central Statistics, ed. Household income and expenditure survey, 2002/03. Central Statistics Office, 2004.

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Office, Solomon Islands Statistics. Household income and expenditure survey, 2005/6. Solomon Islands Statistics Office, Dept. of Finance and Treasury, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Income and expenditure plan"

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Beesabathuni, Kalpana, Klaus Kraemer, Sufia Askari, et al. "Food Systems Innovation Hubs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_24.

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AbstractIn the face of global food and nutrition crises, incremental adjustment in existing technology is not enough; the future of food systems hinges on innovative solutions that can help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Innovative approaches and opportunities for the transformation of food systems exist. ‘Innovations’ includes new products, business models, policy practices, technologies, behavioral insights, or ways of delivering products and services that benefit the poor in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). These include the innovative use of technology, the real
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Gan, Li, Zhichao Yin, Nan Jia, Shu Xu, Shuang Ma, and Lu Zheng. "Expenditure and Income." In Data you need to know about China. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38151-5_7.

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Krugman, Paul, and Robin Wells. "»Income and Expenditure." In Economics. Macmillan Education UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-91968-0_29.

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Artis, Michael. "Income–Expenditure Analysis." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_726.

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Artis, Michael. "Income–Expenditure Analysis." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_726-1.

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Stevens, P. "Income and Expenditure Accounts." In Work Out Principles of Accounts for First Examinations. Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18141-4_16.

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Simmonds, Andy. "Income and Expenditure Accounts." In Mastering Financial Accounting. Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18430-9_6.

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Stevens, P. "Income and Expenditure Accounts." In Work Out Accounting GCSE. Macmillan Education UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09460-8_16.

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Tamura, Hideaki. "The Human Income-Expenditure Balance." In Human Psychology and Economic Fluctuation. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230505636_2.

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Newton, K., and T. J. Karran. "The Squeeze on Income." In The Politics of Local Expenditure. Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17849-0_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Income and expenditure plan"

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Popescu, Gheorghe Cristian, and Monica Popescu. "FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS PROMOTED THROUGH COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY TO INCREASE COMPETITIVENESS AND SUSTAINABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/4.2/s20.57.

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The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2023 - 2027 is currently the main instrument of the member states for the development of the agricultural sector and rural areas. CAP is focused on ten key objectives related to social, environmental and economic goals. EU agricultural policy covers all levels covers all levels of agri-food supply chain. The Romania CAP Strategic Plan was approved by the European Commission in December 2022 with a total allocation of 15.83 billions � (14,96 billions � from EU budget and 0,86 billion � national funding). The main type of interventions for direct payments to
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Cristafovici, Profira. "Income, consumption expenditure and food consumption." In Economic Security in the Context of Systemic Transformations, 3rd Edition. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/escst2023.08.

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In the current socio-economic context of crisis, accompanied by the significant increase in prices, major concerns are imposed to ensure the well-being of the population, both in the Republic of Moldova and in other states. The well-being of the population, in turn, is determined by the interconnection between income and consumption. A higher level of the population's income leads to higher consumption, and the discrepancies between the incomes of different social categories affect their security and quality of life. The security and quality of people's lives also depends on the purchasing pow
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Hošková, Elena, and Iveta Zentková. "Engel Expenditure Curves for Households in the Slovak Republic and Income Elasticity of Expenditure." In Ninth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.s.p.2023.173.

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The paper aims to investigate how household income in the Slo­vak Republic affects household expenditure on various goods and servic­es. The data are drawn from the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic for the period 2005-2022. The impact of income on expenditure was quantified through Engel expenditure functions for 11 groups of goods and services. The results of the regression analysis indicated that expenditure on all the goods and services under study increased with the increase in income. In­come elasticities of expenditure indicated that the expenditure of a house­hold with two chil
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Chukwu, Engr Emeke, and Chinyere Offor. "Sustainable Host Community Development – An Enabler for Energy security & Economic development in Nigeria." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217142-ms.

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Abstract Till date, Nigeria is heavily dependent on revenue generated from oil and gas to finance its annual budget to provide public goods and services beneficial to its citizenry. The 2022 budget reflects that 31% of Federal government earnings will be result from oil and gas. Despite the push to diversify her economy, the stark reality remains that oil and gas sales is an influential factor to enabling economic development in Nigeria. More so, countries such as Saudi Arabia and Norway have utilized oil and gas wealth as the basis to invest in other sectors and promote diversification. Howev
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Klun, Maja. "Tax expenditure analysis of Slovenian income taxes." In Skrivena javna potrošnja: budućnost poreznih izdataka. Institut za javne financije, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3326/bpi/2012.3.

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Chen, Qianqin, and Jiayu Wen. "Appropriation Cost, Government Expenditure and Income Disparity." In 2016 International Conference on Modern Management, Education Technology, and Social Science (MMETSS 2016). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mmetss-16.2017.69.

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Stoilov, T., and K. Stoilova. "Inventory Approach for Managing Income-Expenditure Deficit." In 2022 XXXI International Scientific Conference Electronics (ET). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/et55967.2022.9920301.

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Sri, Y. Bhavya, Y. Sravani, Y. Bhargava Sai Surendra, S. Rishitha, and M. Sobhana. "Family Expenditure and Income Analysis using Machine Learning algorithms." In 2021 Second International Conference on Smart Technologies in Computing, Electrical and Electronics (ICSTCEE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icstcee54422.2021.9708583.

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Muafiqie, Humaidah, Effy Indriati, and Muchtar. "Expenditure Analysis on Government and Income Distribution in East Java." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Life, Innovation, Change and Knowledge (ICLICK 2018). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iclick-18.2019.46.

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Atanasov, Nikolay. "Income RELATED Elasticity of Health Expenditure: Some Empirical Evidence for Bulgaria." In 4th International Scientific Conference: Knowledge based sustainable economic development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia et all, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2018.106.

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Reports on the topic "Income and expenditure plan"

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Ávila-Montealegre, Oscar Iván, Juan J. Ospina-Tejeiro, and Mario A. Ramos-Veloza. Macroeconomic Effects of Healthcare Financing in Colombia. Banco de la República, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1278.

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Healthcare expenditure in Colombia is expected to increase by 35\% over the next eight years, due to population aging, rising costs, and domestic policies. These trends, in a context of high levels of informality and affiliation to the subsidized regime, add significant pressure to public finances. Using a dynamic general equilibrium model with heterogeneous households, we analyze the macroeconomic impact of financing a higher public healthcare expenditure through different taxes. The funding sources play a significant role in shaping the aggregate dynamics and income inequality. While consump
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Briones, Roehlano. How Modern is Philippine Agriculture and Fisheries? Synthesis Report. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2022. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2022.25.

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The agriculture and fisheries (AF) sector has been expanding over time, albeit within the overall context of structural change in the Philippine economy. However, based on progress made in other similarly situated economies, growth and productivity trends have not been "on track." While considerable progress has been made over the past quarter century in terms of growth of household income and reduction among agriculture and fisheries households, the recent pandemic will likely have reversed some of the gains. Dimensions of food security that are on track are food availability, although improv
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Diokno-Sicat, Charlotte Justine, Angel Faye Castillo, and Ricxie Maddawin. Philippine Local Government Public Expenditure Review: A Survey of National Government Local Government Support Programs. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2020. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2020.48.

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Philippine local governments were given increased autonomy, revenue-raising and expenditure responsibilities under the Local Government Code of 1991 (LGC). At the same time, the LGC instituted the intergovernmental fiscal transfer called the internal revenue allotment (IRA) to help to help local governments fulfill their mandates recognizing fiscal imbalance in devolved functions. Apart from this, national government provides additional assistance to local governments through programs lodged in different agencies that are meant for devolved infrastructure services. This study examines these na
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Mascagni, Giulia, and Fabrizio Santoro. The Tax Side of the Pandemic: Compliance Shifts and Funding for Recovery in Rwanda. Institute of Development Studies, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.019.

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While much knowledge is being generated on the impact of the pandemic, we still know very little on its implications on taxation in low-income countries. Yet, tax is crucial to fund crisis response and recovery, in addition to broader development plans and expanded government expenditure. This paper starts addressing this gap using a unique dataset of survey and administrative data from Rwanda. We document two significant shifts in taxpayers’ views: perceptions about the fairness of the tax system improve by 40 per cent, and their attitudes to compliance become more conditional on the provisio
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Chesher, Andrew, and Valérie Lechene. Income and food expenditure 1987-1997. The IFS, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/re.ifs.2024.0531.

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Sabelhaus, John, David Johnson, Stephen Ash, et al. Is the Consumer Expenditure Survey Representative by Income? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19589.

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Johnson, David, Jonathan Parker, and Nicholas Souleles. Household Expenditure and the Income Tax Rebates of 2001. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10784.

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Leicester, Andrew. Poverty and household spending in Britain: income and expenditure poverty. The IFS, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/ps.ifs.2024.1201.

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Oldfield, Zoe, and Alissa Goodman. Permanent Differences? Income and Expenditure Inequality in the 1990s and 2000s. Institute for Fiscal Studies, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/re.ifs.2004.0066.

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Chang, Hung-Hao, and Chad Meyerhoefer. Health Care Expenditure and Farm Income Loss: Evidence from Natural Disasters. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29898.

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