Relevant bibliographies by topics / Income, Foreign

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Income, Foreign'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Income, Foreign"

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Bussmann, Margit, John Oneal, and Indra de Soysa. "The Effect of Globalization on National Income Inequality." Comparative Sociology 4, no. 3-4 (2005): 285–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156913305775010089.

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AbstractWe assess the effect of globalization on income inequality within countries, focusing on the influence of accumulated foreign direct investment stocks. We analyze data on inequality and foreign investment for 72 countries, 1970-90, incorporating in our tests the Kuznets (1955) curve, the character of political institutions, and various other aspects of the economy and society emphasized in previous research. Our results indicate that globalization does not increase national income inequality. The ratio of foreign direct investment to gross domestic product is unrelated to the distribution of incomes in both developing and developed countries. The share of income received by the poorest 20% of society also is unaffected by foreign investment. Nor are alternative measures of economic openness – the trade-to-GDP ratio and Sachs and Warner's (1995) measure of free trading policies – associated with greater income inequality. If foreign investment increases average incomes in developing countries, as recent research indicates, and does not increase inequality, it must benefit all strata of these societies, including the poor.
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Hines, James R. "Foreign Income and Domestic Deductions." National Tax Journal 61, no. 3 (September 2008): 461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2008.3.07.

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Mahutga, Matthew C., and Nina Bandelj. "Foreign Investment and Income Inequality." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 49, no. 6 (December 2008): 429–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020715208097788.

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TULAI, Oksana, and Andrii YAMELYNETS. "PERSONAL INCOME TAX: EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 1(58) (2019): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2019.01.076.

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Introduction. In the current conditions of the integration movement of Ukraine to the European Union and the reform of the institutions of state power, the issue of studying foreign experience of the system of taxation of individuals' incomes is actualized. The application of effective practices of other states will contribute to increasing the fiscal role of the personal income tax in Ukraine, reducing social inequality and increasing the welfare of the population. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to find out the features, trends and problems of the functioning of the personal income tax in foreign countries. Results. The article deals with the foreign experience of functioning of the system of personal income taxation. The role and role of PIT in the EU and OECD countries is shown. The proportional and progressive approach to taxation of this tax is considered, their key advantages and disadvantages are determined. An analogy has been made between the European states, the OECD member states and Ukraine. The objective necessity of establishing a non-taxable minimum or partial exemption of citizens' incomes from taxes in the context of support of low-income categories of the population and ensuring social justice is substantiated. Conclusions. It is concluded that in developed countries, the progressive system of taxation of the PIT along with the minimum non-taxable minimum is an effective tool for generating budget revenues and solving social inequalities in society. Instead, third-world states can not use this mechanism in a qualitative way due to significant tax compliance problems. They apply a proportional taxation system for PIT that minimizes tax evasion and international competitiveness.
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Jung, Boochun, Dongyoung Lee, Ilhang Shin, and C. Y. Desmond Yuen. "Foreign Equity Ownership and Income Smoothing." Journal of International Accounting Research 19, no. 2 (March 23, 2020): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jiar-19-514.

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ABSTRACT We examine whether foreign investors influence a local firm's income smoothing, using a sample of Korean firms from 2000 to 2013. We hypothesize that given innate informational difficulties of overseas investments, foreign investors demand less noisy and more sustainable earnings, and to satisfy this demand, managers have strong incentives to smooth earnings. We find that foreign investors' ownership is positively related to the level of earnings smoothing. We also find that earnings smoothing improves earnings informativeness in the presence of high foreign investor ownership, consistent with the notion that foreign investors play an important role in local firms' information environments. JEL Classifications: M41; M43; J53.
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Tetiana Yarotska and Svitlana Fedchuk. "FOREIGN INCOME – PROBLEMS OF DOUBLE TAXATION." International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Economy, no. 8(20) (November 30, 2018): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ijite/30112018/6210.

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The article highlights implications of foreign income taxation of Ukrainian tax residents. Based on the effective Tax Conventions on Income and on Capital, individuals can claim a credit of tax paid abroad against their Ukrainian tax due. However, the claim must be supported by a specific document prescribed by Ukrainian legislation. In practice, the obtaining of the proper document from foreign tax authorities may be impossible for taxpayers, bringing the double taxation of personal income. Thus, the options of improvement of tax credit mechanism and unification of official confirmation of tax base and tax payment were proposed.
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Choi, Changkyu. "Foreign direct investment and income convergence." Applied Economics 36, no. 10 (June 10, 2004): 1045–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0003684042000246759.

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Bourguignon, F., and C. Morrisson. "Income distribution, development and foreign trade." European Economic Review 34, no. 6 (September 1990): 1113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(90)90071-6.

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Balli, Faruk, Rosmy J. Louis, and Mohammad Osman. "Income smoothing and foreign asset holdings." Journal of Economics and Finance 34, no. 1 (December 24, 2008): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12197-008-9070-2.

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Balli, Faruk, Syed Abul Basher, and Hatice Ozer Balli. "Income insurance and the determinants of income insurance via foreign asset revenues and foreign liability payments." Economic Modelling 28, no. 5 (September 2011): 2296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2011.03.027.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Income, Foreign"

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Zagler, Martin, and Cristiana Zanzottera. "Corporate income taxation uncertainty and foreign direct investment." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Universität Wien, 2012. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3767/1/2012_07_Zagler_Zanzottera.pdf.

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This paper analyzes the effects of legal uncertainty around corporate income taxation on foreign direct investment (FDI). Legal uncertainty can take many forms: double tax agreements, different types of legal systems and corruption. We test the effect of legal uncertainty on foreign direct investment with an international panel. We find that an increase in the ratio of the statutory corporate income tax rate of the destination relative to the source country exhibits a negative impact on foreign direct investment. Interacting the statutory corporate income tax rate with measures of legal uncertainty, we observe a negative effect.
Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series
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Wang, Feifei. "Income Distribution, International Trade and Foreign Direct Investment with Heterogeneous Firms." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2545.

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This dissertation investigates the factors that firms take into consideration when they decide in which manner to expand internationally (i.e. foreign direct investment and international trade). Another component of the investigation focuses on what types of firms benefit the most and what are the associated benefits with expanding internationally. I investigate self-selection and learning-by-exporting hypothesis by applying matched sampling techniques and non-structural econometric models. Using a Chinese firm-level dataset, I find that firms that start exporting are more productive than non-exporting ones. Additionally, in most industries exporters become more productive in time. I then investigate how income inequality leads firms to make different choices on how they expand internationally. I develop a simple theoretical model by carefully choosing a mean-preserving income distribution. I find that changing the mean-preserving parameter of the income distribution affects market demand for firms' products and firms' choosing of strategies for international expansion. Some, but not all firms gain market shares due to larger market size caused by the more concentrated income distribution around the mean. Using Gini coefficient as the proxy for income distribution, I demonstrate empirically that some firms gain market shares and benefit from more consumers becoming part of the middle class due to the corresponding change in income distribution. I also study the aggregate implication of opening the economy in a two-country Dynamic Stochastic Equilibrium in which firms have heterogeneous productivity in the spirit of Melitz (2003). I show that benefits incurred by international engagement are not equally distributed among firms. I separate firms into four categories based on their productivity levels. The highest productivity firms gain the most by breaking into a new market as multinationals. The second highest productivity firms become exporters and obtain the second largest market share. The third highest productivity firms only serve the domestic market, while the lowest productivity firms exit the market.
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Ong'wamuhana, Kibuta. "The taxation of income from foreign investments : a case study of some developing countries." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09LM/09lmo58.pdf.

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Smith, William Nevel. "A critical examination of the income tax provisions relating to the taxation of foreign income of residents as defined." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019676.

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The Budget speech of 23 February 2000 by the Minister of Finance marked the introduction of significant changes to the income tax system of the Republic of South Africa (Republic). A residence-based system of taxation (RBT) was adopted for years of assessment commencing on or after 1 January 2001 and Capital Gains Tax (CGT) was introduced with effect from 1 October 2001. According to the 2000 Budget Review a move to a residence-based system would significantly broaden the tax base, limit opportunities for tax arbitrage and bring the tax system in line with generally accepted international practice. The relaxation of exchange controls for South African residents with effect from 1 July 1997 made it possible for residents to invest limited funds offshore. The Fifth Interim Report of the Katz Commission suggested that if exchange controls were relaxed, the taxation of active income should remain on a source basis, but that passive income should be taxed on a residence basis. As a result deemed source rules in the form of section 9C and 9D were introduced into the Act with effect from 1 July 1997 and applied to “investment income” as defined. Section 9C taxed investment income of both residents and non-residents (from activities carried on by a permanent establishment in the Republic). Section 9D taxed investment income of controlled foreign entities and investment income arising from donations, settlements or other dispositions in the hands of residents. The taxation of foreign dividends with effect from 23 February 2000 as a first phase in the move to a residence based system, lead to the introduction of s 9E. Foreign Dividends were taxed in the hands of residents subject to certain exemptions. The basic interest exemption was extended to foreign dividends. Section 6quat was revised to extend the rebate to foreign dividends and profits of a company from which dividends were declared. Section 9D was amended to cater for foreign dividends received by or accrued to controlled foreign entities. The implementation of a full residence-based system of taxation with effect from years of assessment commencing on or after 1 January 2001 required amendments to various sections of the Income Tax Act as well as the introduction of new sections. A residence minus system was adopted which means that residents as defined are now taxed on their world- wide income with certain exemptions. Non-residents are taxed on their income from sources within or deemed to be within the Republic. The provisions relating to the taxation of foreign income of residents is complex; adding to the complexity is the fact that several changes have already been made to these provisions since the inception of the world-wide basis of taxation. The provisions must also be interpreted against the background of any double taxation agreement (DTA) between the Republic and the relevant foreign country as the applicable DTA may override the Republic domestic legislation. For purposes of this treatise the amending Acts enacted up to the end of December 2003 are taken into account. Hardly five years after the Katz commission of inquiry into the tax structure concluded that RBT and CGT were too complicated to be administered by SARS, the implementation of RBT and CGT were announced in the 2000 Budget. A detailed examination of the provisions relating to foreign income of residents as defined was undertaken. Interpretational issues to be clarified by legislation and certain planning issues are highlighted. It is essential to understand and carefully consider the Republic tax laws and the relevant double taxation agreements, for the successful application of the provisions. Careful planning before concluding transactions is of vital importance in order to avoid or minimize any unwanted tax consequences resulting from the RBT and CGT provisions.
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Burns, Darren. "Foreign direct investment and population health in low and middle income countries." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2018. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/67678/.

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Opinions are divided on the health impacts of multi-national corporations (MNCs), and their foreign direct investment (FDI) projects in low and middle income countries (LMICs). MNCs in LMICs have been associated with unsafe or unsanitary working conditions, pollution, and aggressively marketing of unhealthy foods. This suggests a harmful impact on population health. Yet, FDI also generates employment, income, and growth, implying some benefits to population health. FDI flows may not be the only factor determining their ultimate impact on health. It is currently unclear whether FDI into different industries or whole sectors is related to health impacts, and also whether geographic clustering of FDI is associated with an impact on population health. The relationship between FDI and population health is investigated here, beginning with a systematic review of quantitative literature surrounding international trade and non-nutritional health outcomes. This highlights four important messages: FDI is likely a determinant of health in LMICs; the importance of sample selection and considering heterogeneity; bi-directional causality between FDI and health; and the underuse of individual level datasets to investigate the association. Later chapters seek to respond in different ways to these messages, firstly using instrumental variable methods to investigate FDI and overall population health in LMICs. This indicates FDI to be associated with overall population health benefits, yet provides some evidence that manufacturing FDI is associated with harm. The second study utilises individual level data and spatial techniques to investigate FDI and nutritional health in Chinese adults, indicating that FDI is positively associated with increased BMI amongst Chinese adults. The final study investigates FDI and smoking in Russian adults, suggesting that FDI is associated with increased smoking. Overall, this thesis suggests that FDI has a positive effect in general on overall health, yet is harmful when looking in more specific contexts.
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Nelson, Andrew J. "The spatial relationship of complex foreign direct investment and the effects of foreign direct investment and trade on income." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3084.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.
Vita: p. 159. Thesis director: Carlos Ramírez. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 3, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-158). Also issued in print.
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Chen, Chet Sun. "Foreign Direct Investment and proximity : a study of asymmetric technology and income convergence." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368314.

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Bhandari, Bornali. "Essays on foreign direct investment and income inequality and cross-price effects in the U.S. trade balance /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1192186831&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-124). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Mkabile, Nwabisa. "An analysis of the tax consequences of the double tax agreement between South Africa and the Democratic Republic of Congo." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017539.

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As a result of the different tax systems adopted by countries, foreign-sourced income earned by taxpayers may be subject to double taxation. This may therefore impede cross-border trade and investment. Double taxation relief is provided unilaterally, in terms of a country’s domestic laws or bilaterally in terms of Double Taxation Agreements. South African residents earning income from the Democratic Republic of Congo may be subject to tax in both countries. To eliminate such double taxation the South African Income Tax Act, No 58 of 1962, provides for unilateral relief from double taxation in the form of exemptions, rebates and deductions. The double tax agreement between South Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo came into effect recently and double taxation relief for South African residents is now also available in terms of tax treaty law. The objective of the research was to determine whether the combination of the unilateral measures and the double tax agreement provide relief in respect of all types of income earned by South African residents in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was concluded that the double tax agreement, together with the unilateral relief provided for in the Income Tax Act will grant relief for all types of income earned by South African residents in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Khieu, Samphors. "Essays on the impact of aid and institutions on income inequality and human welfare." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53393.

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Billions of dollars in development aid are sent to developing countries every year. Weak institutions in recipient countries are the main impediments often discussed to prevent aid from reaching the intended targets. At the same time, they also hinder aid effectiveness in improving the lives of the people. This dissertation argues that the impact of aid on income distribution and human welfare in recipient countries differs by their institutional quality. Institutions encompass many different dimensions. This dissertation focuses on: corruption in government, quality of bureaucracy, and the rule of law. This study explores the impact in two essays. The first essay investigates the role of institutions in aid distribution. In particular, we examine the interplay between aid and institutions on income shares of different population groups (measured by income quintiles), and on the gap between the rich and the poor (measured by the Gini coefficient). The study uses Principal Component Analysis to construct an institutional index from the three components: corruption, bureaucratic quality, and the rule of law. Employing Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) methodology on a panel data of 85 countries from 1960 to 2004, this study finds that an increase in aid as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) decreases the income shares of the poor (quintile 1 and quintile 2), but increases that of the rich (quintile 5), thereby widening the gap between the rich and the poor (Gini coefficient). Contrary to our main hypothesis, though, recipient countries’ institutions do not play any role in aid distribution. Similarly, the second essay also focuses on the importance of recipient institutions, but it assesses aid effectiveness in improving human welfare. The study considers five human development indicators: the Human Development Index (HDI), the health index, the infant mortality rate, the education index, and the average years of schooling. The study empirically tests the hypothesis by utilizing the same methodology as in the first essay, but on a panel of 80 countries from 1980 to 2004. The findings suggest that human welfare in recipient countries improves as aid increases. The improvement appears to be driven more by the health than the education sector. Furthermore, aid is more effective in countries with poorer institutional quality, which is contrary to the hypothesis. However, the results are not consistent when taking into account government’s pro-poor public expenditure.
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Books on the topic "Income, Foreign"

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Great Britain. Board of Inland Revenue. Foreign income, property income. London: Inland Revenue, 2002.

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Great Britain. Board of Inland Revenue. Foreign income, property income. London: Inland Revenue, 2002.

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Ariel, Assa, ed. US taxation of foreign income. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2007.

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Burns, Lee. Controlled foreign companies: Taxation of foreign source income. Melbourne: Longman Professional, 1992.

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Foreign transactions. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1987.

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Tice, Helen Stone. Foreign transactions. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1987.

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Tice, Helen Stone. Foreign transactions. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1987.

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Bruce, Charles M. Foreign sales corporations. Washington, D.C: Tax Management, 1998.

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Yoder, Lowell D. CFCs, foreign personal holding company income. [Washington, D.C.]: Tax Management Inc., 2004.

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International taxation: U.S. taxation of foreign taxpayers and foreign income. Boston: Little, Brown, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Income, Foreign"

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Hines, James R. "Taxation of Foreign Income." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–4. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2154-1.

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Sinclair, Walter. "Tax on foreign income." In St. James’s Place Tax Guide 2002–2003, 280–91. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230287716_18.

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Hines, James R. "Taxation of Foreign Income." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 13491–95. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_2154.

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Södersten, Bo, and Geoffrey Reed. "Foreign Trade and National Income." In International Economics, 533–53. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23320-5_25.

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Södersten, Bo, and Geoffrey Reed. "Foreign Trade and National Income." In International Economics, 533–53. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15030-4_25.

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Ahmed, Faisal Z. "Political Economy of Unearned Foreign Income." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 10431–40. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_3059.

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Hemmer, Hans-Rimbert, Ralf Krüger, and Jennifer Seith. "Foreign Direct Investment and Income Inequality revisited." In Aspekte der internationalen Ökonomie / Aspects of International Economics, 97–115. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-82092-1_7.

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Ahmed, Faisal Z. "The Political Economy of Unearned Foreign Income." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–10. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_3059-1.

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Ahmed, Faisal Z. "The Political Economy of Unearned Foreign Income." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–10. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_3059-2.

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Rankers, Ludger. "The Taxation of Employment Income." In Deutsches Arbeitsrecht für ausländische Investoren | German Labour Law for Foreign Investors, 291–307. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-17107-0_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Income, Foreign"

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Liu, Wanghui. "Income Distribution and Dependence on Foreign Trade in China." In 2010 International Conference on Logistics Engineering and Intelligent Transportation Systems (LEITS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/leits.2010.5664974.

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Ersungur, Ş. Mustafa, Mehmet Barış Aslan, and Ömer Doru. "The Econometric Analysis in the Sectorial Basis of Income and Price Effects on the Foreign Trade Deficits: The Case of Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01864.

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In Turkey which is one of the countries whose current account deficit has been chronic from the 1980s until today, the most important reason for the current account deficit is foreign trade deficit. The aim of our study in this context is to shed light on policies oriented foreign trade deficits by examining foreign trade of intermediate and capital goods which are one of the most important causes of foreign trade deficits in Turkey, in terms of income and exchange rate indicators. In the study in which the Marshall-Lerner condition and the foreign and domestic income elasticities were tested separately for each model, the Econometric method and quartile data between 1998 to 2014 were used. The results of the study showed that Marshall-Lerner condition is not valid in foreign trade of any goods group, and domestic and foreign income variable coefficients are strong effect on both imports and exports. In the direction of these results, we think that the economic policies to be developed for domestic and foreign revenues will be more effective than the real exchange rate policies for being decreased the foreign trade deficits of both intermediate and capital goods in Turkey.
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Bal, Harun, Müge Manga, and Esma Erdoğan. "Testing the Validity of Linder Hypothesis Using Gravity Model: The Case of Turkey and Selected Transition Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02261.

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In this study, the validity of the Linder Hypothesis has been tested based on export and import intensity of foreign trade flows between Turkish economy and selected Transition Countries. According to this hypothesis, the more similar the demand structures and per capita income levels of countries, the more they will trade with one another. The hypothesis uses the difference between the per capita income of countries engaged in foreign trade as the main parameter and indicates that a fall in income difference between two countries increases the validity of the Linder hypothesis by increasing the intensity of foreign trade of the countries. The study considers selected Transition Countries having rising share of foreign trade with Turkey during the period 2001-2017 to examine the validity of Linder Hypothesis in the context of foreign trade flows employing Gravity Models that shows "Aggregate Linder Demand Effect" and panel data analysis. Test results does not support Linder hypothesis in terms of export and import intensity of foreign trade flows between Turkish economy and selected Transition Countries during 2001-2017, rather factor endowment does matter for inter-industry foreign trade.
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Yayar, Rüştü, Yunus Emre Birol, and Yusuf Demir. "Analysis of Turkey’s Export and Import Demand Functions within the Context of Foreign Trade with Russia." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00783.

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The main purpose of this study is to analyze the foreign trade of Russia and Turkey. Considering the foreign trade volume between the two countries, an experimental study was carried out to determine export and import demand functions of Turkey. The Russian Federation has been one of the countries having an important part in export of Turkey. Whereas textile products have taken the first place within the export of Turkey, petroleum gas and natural gas have taken the first place in import. The data used in the study covered the period between 1995 and 2010 quarterly. The data were obtained from Turkish Republic Central Bank, International Money Fund, Russian Central Bank and Russian Federal Statistics Service databases. According to obtained results, export of Turkey to Russia has affected more from the income of Russia rather than the relative prices, and import of Turkey from Russia has affected more from the income of Turkey rather than the relative prices. When income and price elasticity of export and import demands were analyzed, income and price elasticity of the export demand was noticed as being greater than the income and price elasticity of the import demand.
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Oransay, Gürçem. "An Examination of the Relationship between Exports and Wages for Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00746.

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In this study the together with increasing foregin trade after trade liberalization, affects of changing income distribution on wages has been discussed. Assuming wages as an issue of income distribution, it continues with foregin trade theories which are related to foreign trade and affect of export on wages in particular. The developments such as effective markets after trade liberalization, high efficiency and removal of barriers in front of international trade increase cost competitiveness and wage levels change. It is still discussed whether foreign trade has positive or negative affects on wages but it can be claimed that differences of opinion vary depending on economical structures and trade volumes of countries. Using a model which has been supplied from both theoretical and practical literature, this research will try to find out affects of export and openness on wages using unit root test, cointegration techniques and error correction mechanism on Turkish economy during the period of 1988:Q1-2010:Q4. Affects of both export and openness on wages has been studied seperately for sub sectors of Turkish Manufacturing Industry. Although there is not a full compliance in all sectors which are studied in all models within periods examined, it has been found out that export and openness create a negative affect on wages.
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Shuvalova, Elena. "MINIMIZATION OF TAX RISKS AT THE REPORTING OF INCOME FROM FOREIGN ORGANIZATIONS." In 5th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/1.3/s03.029.

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Lei Xia and Li-li Qing. "Empirical analysis on the impact factors of China tourism foreign exchange income." In 2012 International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering (ICIII). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciii.2012.6340004.

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Gao, Su-ying, Li-fa Tian, Jian Zhou, and Yan-li Zhang. "Tourism foreign exchange income and economic growth in China: A panel cointegration approach." In 2009 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2009.5318217.

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Çağlayan Akay, Ebru, and Zamira Oskonbaeva. "Modeling the Determinants of Import in Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00388.

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Foreign trade plays an important role in development of each country. Kyrgyzstan, like other transition economies started to open up to foreign countries after achieving it's independence and began to practice it’s own foreign trade policies. But during a 21-year period, a surplus in the trade balance was recorded in 2000 and 2001. In other words, the country's economy has faced a chronic deficit of foreign trade. The main objective of this paper is to study the impacts of domestic income and exchange rate on imports by considering the period after 2000 through econometric method by using of monthly data and according to the results obtained to suggest policy recommendations.
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Ponkratov, V. V., N. N. Bashkirova, and E. V. Ryabova. "Comparative Analysis of the Main Features of the Professional Income Tax: Russian and Foreign Experience." In International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200312.330.

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Reports on the topic "Income, Foreign"

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Burstein, Ariel, and Alexander Monge-Naranjo. Foreign Know-How, Firm Control, and the Income of Developing Countries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13073.

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Bodnar, Gordon, and Joseph Weintrop. The Valuation of the Foreign Income of U.S. Multinational Firms: A Growth Opportunities Perspective. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5904.

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Mercer-Blackman, Valerie, and Shiela Camingue-Romance. The Impact of United States Tax Policies on Sectoral Foreign Direct Investment to Asia. Asian Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200388-2.

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Using panel data at the country and sector level spanning almost 15 years, this paper shows that the corporate income tax rate does not affect the United States’ inward foreign direct investment once market size, costs, openness, and the business environment, are taken into account. This is true for United States foreign direct investment bound to developing Asia and across most sectors.
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Ochiltree, Kasey, and Iulia Andreea Toma. Gender Analysis of the Impact of Recent Humanitarian Crises on Women, Men, Girls, and Boys in Puntland State in Somalia. Oxfam, KAALO, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7482.

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Situated in a complex region of the world, Puntland State in Somalia is dealing with a range of threats and instabilities such as droughts, floods, locusts, the movement of internally displaced people (IDPs), and armed actors. COVID-19 has added yet another strain on its tremendously fragile infrastructure. The impact of the pandemic has been far reaching, affecting livelihoods and hampering unpaid and underpaid care work and responsibilities. The multitude of crises and rates of inflation have left the majority of families food insecure and without income, halted education and health services, and exacerbated existing vulnerabilities and the incidence of violence. This gender analysis was conducted and funded by the German Federal Foreign Office (GFFO), in partnership with Oxfam in Somalia and KAALO, to better help local government bodies, agencies, NGOs, and INGOs grasp the differentiated impact of the crises on women, men, boys, and girls, and host and IDP communities, during this time of intense loss and instability. The analysis provides an overview of the experiences of the affected communities, and gives recommendations on how to address immediate concerns and plan future programming.
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Giap, Bui Minh. COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts on Food Security in Central and West Asia: Key Issues and Strategic Options. Asian Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200360-2.

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The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Central and West Asia has prompted individual governments to quickly implement disease containment and other COVID-19 response measures. Unfortunately, these courses of action have resulted in reduced foreign remittances, declining household incomes, rising rates of unemployment, and disruptions in agricultural supply chains, which created severe impacts on the region’s food security situation. The Asian Development Bank offers a list of strategic options to enhance the region’s agricultural productivity and competitiveness as it moves toward its food secure future, post-COVID-19.
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Frost, Jennifer J., Jennifer Mueller, and Zoe H. Pleasure. Trends and Differentials in Receipt of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in the United States: Services Received and Sources of Care, 2006–2019. Guttmacher Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2021.33017.

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Key Points Seven in 10 U.S. women of reproductive age, some 44 million women, make at least one medical visit to obtain sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services each year. While the overall number of women receiving any SRH service remained relatively stable between 2006–2010 and 2015–2019, the number of women receiving preventive gynecologic care fell and the number receiving STI testing doubled. Disparities in use of SRH services persist, as Hispanic women are significantly less likely than non-Hispanic White women to receive SRH services, and uninsured women are significantly less likely to receive services than privately insured women. Publicly funded clinics remain critical sources of SRH care for many women, with younger women, lower income women, women of color, foreign-born women, women with Medicaid coverage and women who are uninsured especially likely to rely on publicly funded clinics. Among women who go to clinics for SRH care, two-thirds report that the clinic is their usual source for medical care. Among those relying on both private providers and public clinics, the proportion of women who reported receiving a combination of contraceptive and STI/HIV care increased between 2006–2010 and 2015–2019. Implementation of the Affordable Care Act has likely contributed to some of the changes observed in where women receive contraceptive and other SRH services and how they pay for that care: The share of women receiving contraceptive services who go to private providers rose from 69% to 77% between 2006–2010 and 2015–2019, in part because more women gained private or public health insurance coverage and there was a greater likelihood that their health insurance would cover SRH services. There was a complementary drop in the share of women receiving contraceptive services who went to a publicly funded clinic, from 27% in 2006–2010 to 18% in 2015–2019. For non-Hispanic Black women, immigrant women and uninsured women, there was no increase in the use of private providers for contraceptive care from 2006–2010 to 2015–2019. Among women served at publicly funded clinics between 2006–2010 and 2015–2019, there were significant increases in the use of both public and private insurance to pay for their care.
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Financial Stability Report - September 2015. Banco de la República, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2015.

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From this edition, the Financial Stability Report will have fewer pages with some changes in its structure. The purpose of this change is to present the most relevant facts of the financial system and their implications on the financial stability. This allows displaying the analysis more concisely and clearly, as it will focus on describing the evolution of the variables that have the greatest impact on the performance of the financial system, for estimating then the effect of a possible materialization of these risks on the financial health of the institutions. The changing dynamics of the risks faced by the financial system implies that the content of the Report adopts this new structure; therefore, some analyses and series that were regularly included will not necessarily be in each issue. However, the statistical annex that accompanies the publication of the Report will continue to present the series that were traditionally included, regardless of whether or not they are part of the content of the Report. In this way we expect to contribute in a more comprehensive way to the study and analysis of the stability of the Colombian financial system. Executive Summary During the first half of 2015, the main advanced economies showed a slow recovery on their growth, while emerging economies continued with their slowdown trend. Domestic demand in the United States allowed for stabilization on its average growth for the first half of the year, while other developed economies such as the United Kingdom, the euro zone, and Japan showed a more gradual recovery. On the other hand, the Chinese economy exhibited the lowest growth rate in five years, which has resulted in lower global dynamism. This has led to a fall in prices of the main export goods of some Latin American economies, especially oil, whose price has also responded to a larger global supply. The decrease in the terms of trade of the Latin American economies has had an impact on national income, domestic demand, and growth. This scenario has been reflected in increases in sovereign risk spreads, devaluations of stock indices, and depreciation of the exchange rates of most countries in the region. For Colombia, the fall in oil prices has also led to a decline in the terms of trade, resulting in pressure on the dynamics of national income. Additionally, the lower demand for exports helped to widen the current account deficit. This affected the prospects and economic growth of the country during the first half of 2015. This economic context could have an impact on the payment capacity of debtors and on the valuation of investments, affecting the soundness of the financial system. However, the results of the analysis featured in this edition of the Report show that, facing an adverse scenario, the vulnerability of the financial system in terms of solvency and liquidity is low. The analysis of the current situation of credit institutions (CI) shows that growth of the gross loan portfolio remained relatively stable, as well as the loan portfolio quality indicators, except for microcredit, which showed a decrease in these indicators. Regarding liabilities, traditional sources of funding have lost market share versus non-traditional ones (bonds, money market operations and in the interbank market), but still represent more than 70%. Moreover, the solvency indicator remained relatively stable. As for non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the slowdown observed during the first six months of 2015 in the real annual growth of the assets total, both in the proprietary and third party position, stands out. The analysis of the main debtors of the financial system shows that indebtedness of the private corporate sector has increased in the last year, mostly driven by an increase in the debt balance with domestic and foreign financial institutions. However, the increase in this latter source of funding has been influenced by the depreciation of the Colombian peso vis-à-vis the US dollar since mid-2014. The financial indicators reflected a favorable behavior with respect to the historical average, except for the profitability indicators; although they were below the average, they have shown improvement in the last year. By economic sector, it is noted that the firms focused on farming, mining and transportation activities recorded the highest levels of risk perception by credit institutions, and the largest increases in default levels with respect to those observed in December 2014. Meanwhile, households have shown an increase in the financial burden, mainly due to growth in the consumer loan portfolio, in which the modalities of credit card, payroll deductible loan, revolving and vehicle loan are those that have reported greater increases in risk indicators. On the side of investments that could be affected by the devaluation in the portfolio of credit institutions and non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the largest share of public debt securities, variable-yield securities and domestic private debt securities is highlighted. The value of these portfolios fell between February and August 2015, driven by the devaluation in the market of these investments throughout the year. Furthermore, the analysis of the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) shows that all intermediaries showed adequate levels and exhibit a stable behavior. Likewise, the fragility analysis of the financial system associated with the increase in the use of non-traditional funding sources does not evidence a greater exposure to liquidity risk. Stress tests assess the impact of the possible joint materialization of credit and market risks, and reveal that neither the aggregate solvency indicator, nor the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) of the system would be below the established legal limits. The entities that result more individually affected have a low share in the total assets of the credit institutions; therefore, a risk to the financial system as a whole is not observed. José Darío Uribe Governor
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