Relevant bibliographies by topics / Income tax deductions – Zimbabwe

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Income tax deductions – Zimbabwe'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Income tax deductions – Zimbabwe"

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Cornia, Gary C., R. Bruce Johnson, and Ray D. Nelson. "Personal Income Tax Revenue Growth and Volatility." Public Finance Review 45, no. 4 (September 19, 2016): 458–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142116668255.

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In order to reduce the volatility of the personal income tax in Utah, review and reform efforts recommended a simple flat tax that disallowed all deductions or exemptions. Among the reasons for the recommended flat tax was the argument that it would result in a more stable year-over-year tax revenue stream. This was especially important for education financing. The tax system that was finally adopted retained exemptions and deductions through a tax credit. Using a series of simulations based on twenty-one years of tax returns, we establish that by retaining exemptions and deductions, tax reform efforts failed to appreciably reduce the volatility of personal income tax revenues. These simulations also show that the initially proposed flat income tax with no exemptions or deductions would have decreased volatility at the cost of reducing the growth rate. This study contributes insights, caveats, methodology, and potential alternatives for future individual income tax reforms by focusing on the growth and volatility of three different tax systems.
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Vines, Cynthia C., and Martha L. Wartick. "Tax-Reporting Implications of Asymmetric Treatment: Direct Subsidies vs. Tax Deductions." Journal of the American Taxation Association 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jata.2003.25.1.87.

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The Treasury Department has criticized use of the federal income tax system to deliver indirect subsidies to taxpayers in the form of tax deductions, and recommended that all such deductions be eliminated. It recognized, however, that it would be necessary to replace some tax deductions with direct subsidies. Using an experiment, we examined whether the form of the subsidy (tax deduction or direct subsidy) affects tax reporting. Despite the economic equivalence of the two forms of subsidy, we found that taxpayers who are disadvantaged by not receiving a direct subsidy reported more income than taxpayers disadvantaged by not receiving a tax deduction.
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Semenova, Galina N. "USING TAX DEDUCTIONS AT CALCULATING PHYSICAL PERSONS INCOME TAX." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (Economics), no. 3 (2017): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-6646-2017-3-54-60.

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Daneshvary, Nasser, and William A. Luksetich. "Income sources and declared charitable tax deductions." Applied Economics Letters 4, no. 5 (May 1997): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/758532591.

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Oosthuizen, Rudi. "A Framework For The Income Tax Deductibility Of Intellectual Property Expenditure Incurred By South African Taxpayers." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, no. 3 (February 19, 2013): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i3.7680.

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Taxpayers who use intellectual property (such as patents and trademarks) in their trade in the production of income may obtain the right of such use in a number of different ways. The nature of the transaction granting the taxpayer the use of intellectual property items determines the tax treatment thereof. Taxpayers may be able to claim deductions for the cost of using these items in terms of specific income tax sections or the general deduction formula as outlined by the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962. There are also a number of other sections in the Act which may affect the timing and extent of the deductions allowed. This article investigates the various income tax deductions which may be available to taxpayers in South Africa who make payments in respect of intellectual property. It considers the effect of important recent case law and changes to tax legislation on the timing and extent of these deductions and suggests a framework which can be applied to assist the taxpayer in understanding the structure of such deductions.
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Shinkareva, O. V., and S. A. Kormacheva. "Receiving a social tax deduction on personal income tax through an employer: amendments to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation." Buhuchet v zdravoohranenii (Accounting in Healthcare), no. 7 (June 21, 2021): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-17-2107-03.

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Article analyzes changes which the employers performing functions of the tax agent on an income tax will face since the beginning of 2022. Changes have been made to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, which not only expand the range of social tax deductions, but also in some cases change the format of interaction between the employer and the employee, which he decided to receive a social tax deduction for personal income tax. The peculiarities of obtaining various types of social tax deductions through the employer, changes that will come into force in 2022 in this area, as well as the necessary documents are disclosed on the basis of which the employer provides the employee with social tax deductions.
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Young, James C., Sarah E. Nutter, and Patrick J. Wilkie. "A Re-Examination of the Effects of Personal Deductions, Tax Credits and the Tax Rate Schedule on Income Tax Progressivity and Income Inequality." Journal of the American Taxation Association 21, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jata.1999.21.1.32.

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We refine and extend Seetharaman (1994) using tax-return-level Statistics of Income data that represent the population of 1992 federal individual income tax returns. Our results indicate that while the standard deduction, exemptions and tax rate schedule continue to contribute the most to progressivity, the rate schedule plays a much greater role (and the standard deduction and exemptions a much lesser role) than previously reported. In addition, consistent with Dunbar (1996), we find that tax credits, in particular the earned income credit, have a substantial effect on overall tax progressivity. Although itemized deductions continue to reduce overall progressivity, with housing costs (mortgage interest and real estate taxes) and state and local income tax deductions being the dominant items, our results indicate that their effect on tax progressivity is smaller than indicated in the earlier study. Finally, we find that the effect of the income tax system on income inequality is more pronounced than previously reported, especially when the data are partitioned by filing status.
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Seo, Bocook. "Study on Deductions in German Income Tax Law." Seoul Tax Law Review 26, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 9–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.16974/stlr.2020.26.2.001.

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Givati, Yehonatan. "Theories of Tax Deductions: Income Measurement versus Efficiency." Journal of Law, Finance, and Accounting 5, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 107–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/108.00000042.

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Wu, T. C. Michael, and C. C. Yang. "Income tax deductions for losses as insurance revisited." Economic Modelling 41 (August 2014): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2014.05.009.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Income tax deductions – Zimbabwe"

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Kanyenze, Rumbidzai. "An analysis of the income tax consequences resulting from implementing the Income Tax Bill (2012) in Zimbabwe." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017536.

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The Income Tax Bill (2012) proposes certain changes to the existing Income Tax Act that will impact on the method used to determine the taxable income of a taxpayer in Zimbabwe. Therefore, it is important to understand the tax consequences the Income Tax Bill creates for the taxpayer. The research aimed to elaborate on and explain the tax consequences that will arise as a result of applying the Income Tax Bill in Zimbabwe. The research was based on a qualitative method which involved the analysis and the interpretation of extracts from legislation and articles written on the proposed changes. The current “gross income” of a taxpayer consists of amounts earned from a source within or deemed to be from within Zimbabwe The proposed changes to the Act will change the tax system to a residence-based system, where resident taxpayers are taxed on amounts earned from all sources. Therefore, the driving factor which determines the taxability of an amount will become the taxpayer’s residency. Clause 2 of the proposed Act provides that income earned by a taxpayer should be separated into employment income, business income, property income and other specified income. This will make it unnecessary to determine the nature of an amount because capital amounts will be subject to income tax. The current Act provides for the deduction of expenditure incurred for the purpose of trade or in the production of income. Section 31(1)(a) of the proposed Act will restrict permissible deductions to expenditure incurred in the production of income. Consequently, expenditure not incurred for the purpose of earning income will no longer be deductible when the Income Tax Bill is implemented. The proposed Income Tax Act will increase the taxable income of a taxpayer as it makes amounts that are not currently subject to tax taxable, whilst restricting the deductions claimable.
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Pillay, Neermala Neelavathy. "Assessed losses: the trade and income from trade requirements as set out in section 20 of the Income Tax Act of 1962." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1670.

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Section 20 of the Income Tax Act, No 58 of 1962 allows a taxpayer that incurs an assessed loss to carry forward the balance of assessed loss incurred, to be set off against taxable income earned in or added to losses incurred in future years. The issues regarding the carry forward of assessed losses in terms of section 20 is complex and in terms of the said section, a company is only entitled to set off its assessed loss from the previous year against its taxable income in the current year, if the taxpayer has carried on a trade during the current year and has derived income from that trade. Under the provisions of section 20(2A), a taxpayer other than a company can utilise an assessed loss even if no trading has been conducted. Assessed losses of natural persons, may however be ring-fenced. The aim of this treatise was twofold. Firstly it was to gain clarity on the „trade‟ and „income from trade‟ issues and secondly to compare South African legislation with that of Australia, with a view to recommending a change in our rules regarding the treatment of assessed losses in the context of companies. The critical lessons to be learned from the cases presented, is that liquidators, creditors and others must ensure that the company continues trading in order to x keep the assessed losses valid. Realisation of assets (including stock), and the collection of outstanding debts during liquidation does not constitute the carrying on of a trade in terms of s 20(1). The continuity of trade is an important element in regard to the carry forward of assessed losses to be utilised in the current and future years. Therefore it is important that a company carries on some activity that falls within the definition of trade. In the landmark case of SA Bazaars, it was held that a company did not have to trade continuously throughout the year to qualify for the set-off of the assessed loss or carry forward of the assessed loss, that is, to trade for say part of the year. The court however left open the issue of whether it was necessary to derive income from that trade. In order to clarify the issues regarding assessed losses, SARS issued Interpretation Note 33 granting taxpayers a concession in certain cases where a company has traded, but not derived income from that trade. But in ITC 1830, the court ruled that a company must trade and must derive income from that trade in order to carry forward its assessed loss, which effectively means that SARS cannot apply Interpretation Note 33. SARS does not have the authority to make concession which is contrary to the wording of the Act. xi In Australia, operating losses can be carried forward indefinitely to be set-off against future income, provided a company meets the more than 50% continuity of ownership test. Where the continuity test fails, losses can be deducted if the same business is carried on in the income year (the same business test). From the research conducted and in order to solve the issues surrounding the carry forward of assessed losses it was suggested that one of the following be adopted :- The method used in Australia for the carry forward of assessed losses., or A decision of the Supreme Court of Appeal is needed for a departure from the literal meaning of the words pertaining to the requirements regarding the carry forward of assessed losses. Furthermore, to clarify the definition of „income‟, as used in the context of s20, is it gross income less exempt income or taxable income?. If section 20 relates to taxable income, then an assessed loss will never be increased, which it is submitted, is not what the legislature intended. Section 20 ought to be revisited to eliminate any uncertainty about the income requirement and in the context in which the word „income‟ is used in that section.
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Swanepoel, Marius G. "Mores, fault and fides: are these acceptable criteria when income tax deductions are claimed." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001643.

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The two “pillars” on which taxable income is based are the definition of “gross income” in section 1 of the Income Tax Act, 58 of 1962, and the “general deduction formula” comprising the preamble to section 11, section 11(a) and section 23(g) of the Act. Many of the terms used in these sections are not defined in the Income Tax Act. Case law in relation to these sections reveals that morality issues, the negligence of taxpayers and the good faith of taxpayers have from time to time been treated as relevant considerations by the courts, both abroad and in South Africa, in allowing or disallowing deductions from the gross income of taxpayers. In some instances this occurred apparently unwittingly. In other instances, earlier decisions were followed without a thorough consideration of the correctness of the underlying reasoning or of the criteria which were applied in the earlier decisions. In relation to the definition of “gross income”, however, fides, mores and fault have not been a consideration. In CIR v Delagoa Bay Cigarette Co Ltd 1918 TPD 391 Bristowe, J stated: “I do not think it is material for the purpose of this case whether the business carried on by the company is legal or illegal.” There were a number of cases heard in relation to income from illegal activities (for example, COT v G, 1981 (4) SA 167 (ZA), 43 SATC 159, and ITC 291, 7 SATC 335, which related to the misappropriation of funds, ITC 1545, 54 SATC 464, which dealt with the proceeds of the sale of stolen diamonds and ITC 1624, 59 SATC 373, which dealt with overcharging customers). In these cases, the question turned on whether or not the amounts were received by the taxpayers for their own benefit and therefore to be included in gross income, or whether the taxpayers incurred a concomitant liability to repay the amounts, and did not involve the question of fides, mores or fault. The research concludes that, providing an even-handed approach is applied to both income and expense considerations, fides and mores may continue to play a role as a useful yardstick in this context. However, that fault, particularly the causal negligence of taxpayers in the process of sustaining a loss or incurring expenditure whilst conducting their income generating operations, has effectively been jettisoned as an irrelevant consideration, is a salutary development which has contributed to legal certainty.
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Poetschke, Martin Erik. "Investors' deductions and allowances in film funds : German and South African income tax laws compared." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15436.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-139).
By comparing the income tax allowances and deductions for private investors in film production funds in Germany and in South Africa, the author aims to show how the governments of these two countries are taxing private individuals who invest in film funds, i.e. what incentives are offered to such venturesome investors. The tax incentives examined here provide the taxpayer with a deferment of his tax payments. By making the comparison the author intends examine what role a domestic film fund can play as an instrument for financing domestic and export films and how the government can promote film production in this way.
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Kula, Xoliswa Beverley. "An analysis of interest deductions and other financial payments in terms of South African income tax legislation." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8188.

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Tax avoidance through interest deductions has been highlighted internationally as a concern with the effect of eroding tax revenues of countries, including South Africa (SA). The evident cause of this concern is what is termed base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) mainly orchestrated by multinational companies using aggressive tax planning schemes. Although the concern continues to exist, comprehensive measures are in place in SA such as the anti-avoidance rules and exchange control regulations to mitigate the concern. The study was undertaken to analyse the legislation on interest deductions in terms of the Income Tax Act No 58 of 1962 (‘the Act’) with particular focus on anti-avoidance. A number of issues pertaining to the operation of the provisions in the Act; administrative challenges as well the possible exploitation of loopholes within the provisions were identified. Furthermore, a comparative analysis conducted against Australia and the United Kingdom indicated that the measures adopted in SA are relatively similar, if not ahead. The effect the anti-avoidance measures have on the economic growth was considered. The results were positive in that the measures do not counteract the pursuit of economic growth. Lastly, the study assessed the position of SA against the internationally recommended best practice on the subject matter and it became evident that opportunities exist to improve the current measures applied in SA to mitigate the BEPS risks through interest deductions.
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Ortiz, Dennis S. "The Home Mortgage Interest Deduction for Federal Income Tax: A Federalist Perspective." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2615/.

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The debate over federal income tax treatment of home mortgage interest (HMI) has largely overlooked an important, and possibly unintended political and economic consequence of our federal income tax system. The distribution of the for home mortgage interest deduction tax benefit across states is a possible missing consideration. Specifically, this study offers a federalist1 perspective on the federal income tax benefit from the deduction for HMI - one of the largest personal federal tax expenditures on the books. This dissertation analyzes current national political rhetoric from a federalist perspective. Discussion also includes background, current status, and proposed changes to the tax code for of the HMI deduction. First, a Tobit regression is used to analyze the distribution of the HMI tax benefit across states and to test for disproportionate distribution across states in benefit derived from the federal income tax deduction for home mortgage interest beyond that which is explained by income. This initial part of the study is also the precursor to a hierarchical analysis seeking to identify significant factors affecting the distribution of the benefit of the HMI deduction across states. The Ernst and Young/University of Michigan Individual Model File of 1992 tax returns is the primary data source for this initial part of the investigation. The second part of the analysis examines the effect of sets of factors in a causal hierarchy on the HMI deduction benefit. By first controlling for the effects of personal and identifiable state characteristics on HMI deduction benefit, the possible existence of a residual socio-political force is tested. The primary data sources for this part of the study are the 1990 Census of Population and Housing 5% Public Use Microsample as well as tax data extracted from the Statistics of Income, Individual Public Use Tax File, Level III Sample, as well as others. Ridge regression is used for hypothesis testing. Results indicate the existence of a significant difference in the benefit from home mortgage interest deduction across states holding income constant. This study also finds that a set of personal as well as a set of state market, legal and tax characteristics significantly influence the taxpayer's HMI deduction benefit, and that a residual difference in benefit across states after controlling for personal and identified state attributes. Future study should examine the source of residual across state differences (attributed to socio-political differences between states). Federal housing goals may be frustrated as the effective subsidy actually helps support higher home prices in areas where high housing costs may already be a barrier to potential new homeownership. The concepts and techniques applied in this study could easily be applied to other provisions of federal tax, or to any other tax system in a federation for that matter.
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Mota, Maroe Martin. "The meaning of "actually incurred" in section 11 of the Income Tac Act in the context of three specific transactions." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41509.

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The Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 (“Act”) entitles taxpayers to deduct certain losses and expenses incurred by them from their taxable income if such losses and expenses comply with the requirements of section 11(a) of the Act. One of the requirements of section 11(a) is that, in order to be eligible for a deduction, the losses and expenses must have been “actually incurred” by the taxpayer. The area of tax deductions in our tax law represents the frontline in the continuous and inevitable war between the taxpayer (almost always desperately trying to maximise her deductions) and the revenue authorities (as often times desperately trying to minimise the deductions to which the taxpayer is entitled). The stage on which the various battles which make up this mighty war between citizen and state are fought is the court and the arsenal with which each party comes armed is the Act and, more specifically, the absolute belief of each party in the correctness of their interpretation of the Act, which, each party hopes, will be ably demonstrated by their able (and often extremely expensive) counsel. Such is the determination of the taxpayer and the tax authorities alike that the body of case law relating to this specific area of our law is, especially when one considers that it essentially involves on only one section of the Act, relatively voluminous. The author’s intention is to consider only one of the requirements with which the taxpayer must comply in order to be eligible for a deduction, namely, the requirement that the relevant loss or expenditure must have been “actually incurred” by the taxpayer. Despite the fact that the meaning of the phrase “actually incurred” has been considered extensively by our courts, significant uncertainty still exists as to its exact meaning. The author will deal with three specific contexts in which the meaning of this phrase remains a subject of uncertainty, namely, share-based payments, contingent liabilities and losses and expenses incurred in relation to illegal receipts. The author will begin first by dealing with the interpretation of tax statutes, the author will then, in general terms, consider the general deduction formula after which the author will delve into the meaning of the phrase “actually incurred” in the contexts of each of the transactions mentioned above.
Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
gm2014
Mercantile Law
unrestricted
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Barrett, Kevin Stanton. "Charitable giving and federal income tax policy : additional evidence based on panel-data elasticity estimates /." Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135657/.

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Roberts, Justin Esrom. "The proposed new gambling tax in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1639.

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In the 2011/2012 Budget Speech delivered by the Minister of Finance, Pravin Gordhan, it was announced that a 15% withholding tax on gambling winnings above R 25 000 was to be introduced with effect from 1 April 2012. This treatise was undertaken to critically analyse the different elements of the proposed new withholding tax. It was established that the fiscus already benefits significantly from the gambling industry and levies and taxes from the gambling industry dwarf the revenue SARS collect from other forms of taxes such as Donations tax and Estate Duty tax. The necessity, therefore, of taxing gambling winnings in the hands of the individual is debatable. A comparison with the three foreign countries used by the Minister as an example of countries who have successfully implemented a withholding tax on gambling winnings exposed operational or other characteristics which bear no significant relationship to the situation in which the industry operates in South Africa. Probably the most significant difference is the fact that in the three foreign countries, losses are deductible and only the net gains are taxed. Although it iv could add to an already seemingly administrative-intensive legislation, it is submitted that taxing gambling winnings and ignoring losses suffered by gamblers will be disproportionately unfair towards the taxpayer. The many questions raised in this treatise illustrate the level of uncertainty still surrounding the new proposed gambling tax. It is hoped that communication will be provided by SARS as soon as possible to address the issues at hand. This would go a long way in ensuring that the implementation of the proposed withholding tax on gambling winnings is as smooth and efficient as possible.
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Kroukamp, Susan. "Possible tax treatments of the transfer of accounting provisions during he sale of a business and subsequent tax considerations /." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3336.

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Thesis (MAcc (Accountancy))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
The potential buyer of a business evaluates the attractiveness of the transaction by considering the financial status of the business being sold. In determining the financial status of a business it is more important to determine the nature of the assets and liabilities recorded on the balance sheet rather than the mere existence thereof. Included in the liabilities are accounting provisions recorded in terms of the Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (GAAP) to reflect a fair representation of the financial status. Although these provisions are made for accounting purposes, they cannot necessarily be deducted under the terms of the Income Tax Act, no 58 of 1962. The tax deductibility of accounting provisions has long been a potential contention when a business is sold. The Income Tax Act has specific sections that must be applied in determining the deductibility of accounting provisions, for example, section 11(a), which is the general deduction formula; section 23(g), which prohibits expenses not laid out for the purposes of trade; and section 23(e), which does not allow a deduction when a reserve fund is created (for example a leave pay provision). In conducting this study, seven types of accounting provision generally recorded by businesses were identified: the bonus provision, leave pay provision, warranty provision, settlement discount and incentive-rebate provision, post employment provision, retrenchment cost provision and other provisions. These provisions are discussed in view of their possible income tax deductibility, and relevant case studies were identified to confirm the possible deductibility of these accounting provisions. In this study, the transfer of accounting provisions during the sale of a business is considered for the purposes of both the buyer and seller. The tax implications for the buyer and seller are then evaluated, as well as the subsequent treatment of the accounting provisions for the purposes of the buyer. Because the wording of the purchase contract is extremely important when a business is acquired, three examples of the wording of a purchase contract are discussed as well as the income tax implications thereof. The extent of the advice given by a tax practitioner will depend on the allegiance of the practitioner (either for the buyer or seller) and will determine how the contract will be concluded. In conclusion a tax practitioner would want to assist his client to obtain the most effective tax position for the transaction and therefore each purchase contract must be reviewed on its own set of facts.
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Books on the topic "Income tax deductions – Zimbabwe"

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Comerford, Brian E. Federal tax deductions. 2nd ed. Boston: Warren, Gorham & Lamont, 1992.

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United States. Internal Revenue Service. Miscellaneous deductions. 8th ed. [Washington, D.C.?]: Dept. of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, 1985.

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Service, United States Internal Revenue. Taxpayers ask IRS. [Washington, D.C: Dept. of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, 1992.

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United States. Internal Revenue Service. Taxpayers ask IRS. 2nd ed. [Washington, D.C.?]: Dept. of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, 1989.

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Service, United States Internal Revenue. Taxpayers ask IRS. [Washington, D.C.?]: Dept. of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, 1987.

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United States. Internal Revenue Service. Taxpayers ask IRS. [Washington, D.C.?]: Dept. of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, 1988.

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Nwanna, Gladson I. Encyclopedia of individual federal income tax deductions. 2nd ed. Baltimore, Md: Frontline Publishers, 2006.

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Maule, James Edward. Deductions: Overview and conceptual aspects. Washington, D.C: Tax Management Inc., 2000.

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Motiwalla, Harish N. Tax deduction at source: Law & practice. Agra, India: Wadhwa and Co., 1992.

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Bhutan. Department of Revenue & Customs. Tax deduction at source: TDS guidelines. Thimphu: Department of Revenue and Customs, Ministry of Finance, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Income tax deductions – Zimbabwe"

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Murdock, M. Casey. "Deductions from Investment Income." In TAX INSIGHT, 131–37. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-6311-1_12.

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Murdock, M. Casey. "Deductions from Investment Income." In TAX INSIGHT, 131–37. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-0629-4_12.

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Murdock, M. Casey. "Deductions from Investment Income." In Tax Insight, 133–39. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4738-8_12.

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Murdock, M. Casey. "Real Estate Income and Deductions." In Tax Insight, 267–72. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4738-8_24.

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Murdock, M. Casey. "Real Estate Income and Deductions." In TAX INSIGHT, 267–72. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-6311-1_24.

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Murdock, M. Casey. "Real Estate Income and Deductions." In TAX INSIGHT, 267–72. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-0629-4_24.

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Burman, Leonard E., and Joel Slemrod. "Tax Reform." In Taxes in America. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190920869.003.0014.

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Tax reformers talk about a broad base and low rates. What does that mean? The base refers to the definition of income subject to tax. The broader the base—meaning the fewer the deductions, exclusions, and credits—the lower tax rates can be to raise a given...
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Thrall, Grant Ian. "Income tax, interest rates, and mortgage interest deductions." In Land Use and Urban Form, 116–29. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315165721-9.

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Seymour, Jennifer, Clare Firth, Lucy Crompton, Helen Fox, Frances Seabridge, Susan Wigglesworth, and Elizabeth Smart. "8. Corporation tax." In Foundations for the LPC 2020-2021, 125–38. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198858430.003.0008.

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All companies incorporated in the UK which actively carry on business are liable to pay corporation tax (CT) on their taxable profits. This chapter considers the charge to CT with particular focus on calculating chargeable income profits and allowable deductions; the treatment of company capital gains and capital losses; trading loss relief; capital allowances; and close companies.
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Wright, Kathryn, Clare Firth, Lucy Crompton, Helen Fox, Frances Seabridge, Susan Wigglesworth, and Elizabeth Smart. "8. Corporation tax." In Foundations for the LPC 2019-2020, 125–38. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198838562.003.0008.

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Abstract:
All companies incorporated in the UK which actively carry on business are liable to pay corporation tax (CT) on their taxable profits. This chapter considers the charge to CT with particular focus on calculating chargeable income profits and allowable deductions; the treatment of company capital gains and capital losses; trading loss relief; capital allowances; and close companies.
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Conference papers on the topic "Income tax deductions – Zimbabwe"

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Bule, Larisa, Līga Leitāne, and Kristīne Rozīte. "Personal income tax reform in Latvia: assessment of effect." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.069.

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Personal income tax (PIT) policy in Latvia has been changed significantly in 2018 with the aim to reduce the tax burden and increase the income of working population by amending progressive tax rates and increasing the non-taxable minimum and minimum wage. Purpose − the aim of this study is to estimate the impact of PIT reform by assessing the effect of implementation of non-taxable minimum, deductions and substantiated spending on the dynamics of income and tax administration efficiency. Research methodology − PIT theoretic and normative concepts have been analyzed; unpublished data on actual wages in 2015−2018 provided by Latvian State Revenue Service and State Social Insurance Agency have been estimated. Findings − the main conclusion of this study is that the aim of the reform has not been achieved: income inequality hasn’t been reduced, an increase of income has been irrelevant, the gains from the reform have become unobtainable for the most unprotected groups because of the insufficient level of income. The implementation of the differentiated non-taxable minimum has generated PIT debts and higher administrative burden. Practical implications − the study may be implemented in case of progressive PIT for the reassessment of the tax framework and its future development. Originality/Value − this study is original, the actual effect of PIT reform in Latvia previously hasn’t been analyzed.
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Reports on the topic "Income tax deductions – Zimbabwe"

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Kaplow, Louis. The Income Tax as Insurance: The Casualty Loss and Medical Expense Deductions and the Exclusion of the Medical Insurance Premiums. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3723.

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