Academic literature on the topic 'Incomes'

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Journal articles on the topic "Incomes"

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Gangl, Markus. "Income Inequality, Permanent Incomes, and Income Dynamics." Work and Occupations 32, no. 2 (2005): 140–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0730888404274354.

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Kalleitner, Fabian, and Sandra Bohmann. "The Inequity Z: Income Fairness Perceptions in Europe across the Income Distribution." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 9 (January 2023): 237802312311671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231231167138.

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Using data from the European Social Survey, we examine income fairness evaluations of 17,605 respondents from 28 countries. Respondents evaluated the fairness of their own incomes as well as the fairness of the incomes of the top and bottom income deciles in their countries. Depicted on a single graph, these income fairness evaluations take on a Z-shaped form, which we call the “inequity Z”. The inequity Z reveals an extensive level of consensus within each country regarding the degree of unfairness of top and bottom incomes. With rising income, respondents consistently judge their own incomes
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Saiful Nathan, Siti Badariah, and M. Mohd Rosli. "Distributional effects of non-farm incomes in a Malaysian rice bowl." International Journal of Social Economics 43, no. 2 (2016): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-09-2013-0200.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the structure of household income and examine the effects of non-farm incomes on the income distribution of farm households in a relatively developed rural area of the Malaysian rice bowl. Design/methodology/approach – The non-farm incomes were disaggregated into different components to determine the contribution of each income source to total household income and overall inequality. The income distribution and decomposition was examined using the Gini decomposition method. Findings – It was found that almost 71 percent of the households in th
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Urchik, Gаlina. "FEATURES OF FORMATION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY INCOMES OF THE POPULATION: THEORETICAL ASPECT AND REALITIES IN UKRAINE." 64, no. 64 (December 30, 2022): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2524-2547-2022-64-04.

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This article is devoted to the theoretical and analytical study of the peculiarities of the formation and distribution of incomes of the population. Based on the synthesis of existing scientific achievements, we have determined the order of formation of primary and secondary incomes by stages of GDP distribution. We provе that the first stage of distribution of the created GDP is formed by factor primary incomes (from labor activity, property and productive capital). Thereafter, the redistribution of income occurs through the use of the fiscal mechanism and the accumulation of funds in public
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Chapargina, A. N. "STUDY OF POPULATION INCOMES IN THE MURMANSK REGION: TRENDS AND DETERMINANTS." Север и рынок: формирование экономического порядка 69, no. 3/2020 (2020): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2220-802x.2.2020.69.011.

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Incomes are an indicator of the population living standard and a source for meeting various needs. The article is devoted to analysis of population incomes in one of the Arctic regions of Russia —the Murmansk region. For the region, the problem of increasing population incomes is especially acute due to harsh natural and climatic conditions and high living cost. The paper aims to analyze, systematize and evaluate the specifics of the formation, levels and dynamics, as well as differentiation of population incomes in the Murmanskregion in 2000–2019, to identify trends in incomes, as well as det
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Sarkar, Somwrita, Peter Phibbs, Roderick Simpson, and Sachin Wasnik. "The scaling of income distribution in Australia: Possible relationships between urban allometry, city size, and economic inequality." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 45, no. 4 (2016): 603–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265813516676488.

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Developing a scientific understanding of cities in a fast urbanizing world is essential for planning sustainable urban systems. Recently, it was shown that income and wealth creation follow increasing returns, scaling superlinearly with city size. We study scaling of per capita incomes for separate census defined income categories against population size for the whole of Australia. Across several urban area definitions, we find that lowest incomes grow just linearly or sublinearly (β = 0.94 to 1.00), whereas highest incomes grow superlinearly (β = 1.00 to 1.21), with total income just superlin
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Střeleček, František, and Radek Zdeněk. "Incomes of rural and non-rural households in the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 4 (2011): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159040319.

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The paper compares incomes of Czech rural and non-rural households and identifies households persisting below the poverty threshold. The data were taken from the statistic research Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) of 2005 and 2008. Households were classified according to the municipality size (2000 inhabitants). Household incomes were assessed according to net annual income per consumption unit, living minimum and subjective minimum income. Positive skewness and high kurtosis is a typical feature of household incomes; a similarity with log-normal distribution can be presumed.
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Delestre, Isaac, Wojciech Kopczuk, Helen Miller, and Kate Smith. "Top income inequality and tax policy." Oxford Open Economics 3, Supplement_1 (2024): i1086—i1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ooec/odad068.

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Abstract The share of pre-tax income flowing to the top of the UK income distribution increased continually and substantially in the three decades leading up to the financial crisis, but has changed little since 2013. Using microdata sampled from UK tax records, we describe the nature of top incomes in the UK and how they are taxed. We show that wage income is the dominant source of pre-tax income, even for highest-income 0.1% of UK adults. However, ‘active’ business income—derived from self-employment or closely-held incorporated businesses—is considerably more important for the top 1% than f
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Peng, Hongbi, Feng Yang, and Ou Yue. "How Rural Industry Revitalization Affects Farmers’ Incomes in China." Sustainability 16, no. 21 (2024): 9182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16219182.

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Low income is a common problem faced by farmers around the world. In order to promote agricultural development and increase farmers’ incomes, China has implemented rural industrial revitalization (RIR). However, the following question remains unanswered: how does the RIR affect farmers’ incomes? In this study, based on the theories of rural and development economics and panel data from 30 provinces in China between 2011 and 2020, an evaluation system consisting of four primary indicators and 10 secondary indicators was constructed. A dual fixed-effects model was used to measure the promoting e
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GARRETT, THOMAS A., and DAVID C. WHEELOCK. "Why Did Income Growth Vary Across States During the Great Depression?" Journal of Economic History 66, no. 2 (2006): 456–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050706000192.

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This note investigates the sources of variation in the growth of per capita personal incomes across U.S. states during the Great Depression. States entering the economic contraction with relatively low per capita incomes tended to suffer larger percentage declines in per capita income than did high income states. By contrast, low-income states tended to experience larger percentage gains during the recovery. Hence, state per capita incomes diverged during the contraction phase and converged during the recovery phase.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Incomes"

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Fanning, Jasper E. "A spatial hedonic analysis of veterinarian incomes /." Search for this dissertation online, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.

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Jenderny, Katharina [Verfasser]. "Top Incomes: the Case of Germany / Katharina Jenderny." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1070219010/34.

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Lukkarinen, O. P. (Olli-Pekka). "The impact of food prices on factor incomes." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201703091320.

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We use a dynamic specific-factors model in order to analyze how factor incomes, i.e. wages, interest rate and land rent, change when food prices rise. Special attention is given to the effects of food price shocks on wages. In the context of the theory, a food price shock affects factor incomes through labor and capital markets. The magnitude of the effect of a price shock is defined by labor shares of the productive sectors, saving allocation, elasticity of substitution in the agricultural sector and factor intensities. A rise in food prices is likely to have a significant positive effect on
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Edvinsson, Alex, and Ruben Zeiloth. "The Laffer Curve for Top Incomes in Sweden." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-75331.

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MILASI, SANTO. "Essays on the cconomics of top incomes taxation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/202956.

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Dietsch, Peter Volkmar. "Between market and merit : how unequal should incomes be?" Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2004. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2306/.

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The distribution of the benefits from co-operation represents one of the central problems of distributive justice. At the core of my thesis stands an argument based on the division of labour in our society that calls for an equal division of these benefits. This line of reasoning avoids the shortcomings of the two traditional approaches pursued by those who are critical of income inequalities, namely egalitarians and their more sophisticated cousins, liberal egalitarians. Straightforward egalitarianism, I suggest, turns out to be a default position once other considerations, like choice or mer
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Ragab, Amr. "Three essays on the incomes of the vast majority." Thesis, The New School, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3632551.

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<p> This dissertation is mainly concerned with the distribution of between individuals in the economy. </p><p> The first chapter (Chapter 1) examines the various problems with Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDPpc) as a measure of economic welfare. The chapter proposes the Vast Majority Income (VMI) as a new measure of economic welfare that combines both national income and income distribution in a single, intuitive measure. The VMI measures the average income per capita of the vast majority of the population, defined as the first 80 percent of the population within the income distributio
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Kasprzyk, Kalina. "Inequality, redistribution and mobility of agricultural incomes in Scotland." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/5362a34d-91a5-4970-ac21-adf6dd91eeba.

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The purpose of this thesis is to analyse different aspects of the distribution of agricultural incomes in Scotland. More specifically, the thesis will first investigate the impact of agricultural income support on inequality through the analysis of its redistributive effect. Decomposition of the redistributive effect allows to determine if agricultural support has been progressive or regressive in absolute terms and whether discrimination between farms with equal pre-support incomes exists. Such assessment is performed both for actual data with the historic model of the Single Farm Payment (SF
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Dieden, Sten. "Income generation in the African and coloured population : three essays on the origins of household incomes in South Africa /." Göteborg : Department of Economics, School of Economics and Commercial Law, Göteborg University, 2005. http://www.handels.gu.se/epc/archive/00004062/01/Dieden_full.pdf.

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Lakner, Christoph. "The determinants of incomes and inequality : evidence from poor and rich countries." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dbfaef0e-a195-46f3-ba12-db5d3a8bf035.

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This thesis consists of four separate chapters which address different aspects of inequality and income determination. The first three chapters are country-level studies which examine (1) how incomes are shaped by spatial price differences, (2) the factor income composition, and (3) enterprise size. The final chapter analyses how income inequality changed at the global level. The first chapter investigates the implications of regional price differences for earnings differentials and inequality in Germany. I combine a district-level price index with administrative earnings data from social secu
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Books on the topic "Incomes"

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Todd, Ron. Incomes and incomes policy. Institute of Manpower Studies, for Unit for Comparative Research on Industrial Relations, 1986.

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Sheerin, Jeffrey. Incomes. Dept. of Statistics, 1991.

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Scott, John. Incomes. Statistics New Zealand, 1999.

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Urquidi, Victor L., ed. Incomes Policies. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20381-9.

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Great Britain. Department of Social Security., ed. Pensioners' incomes. Department of Social Security, 1997.

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Services, Incomes Data, ed. Incomes data index. Incomes Data Services, 1985.

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Services, Incomes Data, ed. Incomes data index. Incomes Data Services, 1994.

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Hodge, Gerald J. F. Incomes, low incomes and welfare in the west, 1980-1990. Western Institute for Public Policy, 1993.

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Development, International Bank for Reconstruction and. Nepal: Poverty and incomes. World Bank, 1991.

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Great Britain. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food., ed. Farm incomes in England. H.M.S.O., 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Incomes"

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Banks, J. A. "Incomes." In Prosperity and Parenthood. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003522072-7.

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Reisman, David, and Robert Hall. "Incomes." In Theories of the Mixed Economy Vol 2. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003577829-9.

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Jenkins, Clive, and Barrie Sherman. "Incomes policies." In White-Collar Unionism. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003349396-9.

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Pennant-Rea, Rupert. "Incomes Policies." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1190-1.

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Craig, Béatrice. "Generating Incomes." In Female Enterprise Behind the Discursive Veil in Nineteenth-Century Northern France. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57413-8_8.

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Pennant-Rea, Rupert. "Incomes Policies." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_1190.

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Pemberton, Hugh. "Incomes Policy." In Policy Learning and British Governance in the 1960s. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230504752_5.

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Balfour, Campbell. "Incomes policies." In Industrial Relations in the Common Market. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003107996-7.

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Cairncross, Alec, and Nita Watts. "Incomes Policy." In The Economic Section 1939–1961. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003231929-19.

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Hartog, Joop, and Jozef M. M. Ritzen. "Theoretical Issues in Size Income Distribution Policy." In Incomes Policies. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20381-9_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Incomes"

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Stoilov, Todor, and Krasimira Stoilova. "Credit Policy for Irregular Incomes." In 2024 12th International Scientific Conference on Computer Science (COMSCI). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/comsci63166.2024.10778505.

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Varga, Erzsebet Terez. "COMPARISON OF SEPARATED FAMILIES’ STANDARD OF LIVING IN GERMANY Analyzing the Equalised Incomes in Simulated Families after Child Support and Child Benefit Paid." In 36th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2022-0084.

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In this paper, I describe the inequality in the standard of living in Germany after divorce and compare their risk of poverty. The one-parent families have the highest poverty risk everywhere in the world. In Germany, a directive is available for anybody to determine the child support geared to the non-custodial parent’s disposable income. Assuming that the non-custodial parent pays child support following this directive of düsseldorfer tables I found deep differences in the equalised incomes of the divorced households in simulated cases. Equalised incomes were determined by two types of the O
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Uygur, Ercan. "Savings and Incomes of Households and Inclusive Growth." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01446.

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This paper has three aims. The first is to explore the savings behavior of different income groups of households, with an emphasis on those with low incomes. This is achieved by going through the Household Budget Surveys (HBS) in some developing and developed countries. The HBSs reveal that the majority of poor sections of the societies do not save or have negative savings. The second aim of the paper is to explain the economic and social aspects of the savings behaviour of income groups, particularly those with low incomes. The paper explains that the “no saving/dissaving” behaviour of the lo
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Yıldırım, Zal, and İlkay Şendeniz Yüncü. "Income Inequality, Finance, and Economic Growth Relationships." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c15.02813.

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Since the early 1980s, income inequality has risen between and within countries in the neo-liberal era. In literature, there are different views on the relationship of financial sector and the real economy with income inequality. Two main hypotheses in the literature regarding this relationship are as follows: The first hypothesis claims that developments in financial sector can only benefit people with higher incomes. Those with higher incomes can offer collateral and are more likely to repay loans, while those with low-income levels may have difficulty in getting loans, and this may increase
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YANG, H., and L. ZHANG. "RUIN THEORY WITH INTEREST INCOMES." In Proceedings of the Hong Kong International Workshop on Statistics in Finance. PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781848160156_0021.

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TENEQEXHI, Marinela, Klaudeta MEROLLARI, Eleni VANGJELI, and Anila MANÇKA. "Increase of Production Capacities and Investments in Enterprises Depending on the Perspective of Regional Development." In The International Conference on Economics and Social Sciences. Editura ASE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/icess/2024/080.

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Through this study, regional producing potential was identified based on investments and increase of capacities in order to determine their impact on increase in employment, mainly qualified and university graduate employees. A few questions that arise along the study are: Does the production capacity affect the number of employees? Does the investment amount affect the number of employees? Does the increase of production capacity affect the increase of incomes? Does the increase of incomes affect the employment levels? In conducting the study, we used secondary data published by INSTAT, the R
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Kalinina, Irina V. "INCOME OF THE POPULATION AS AN INDICATOR OF SOCIAL POTENTIAL (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE JEWISH AUTONOMOUS REGION)." In Treshnikov readings – 2022 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-88-4-2022-203-204.

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On the example of the Jewish Autonomous Region, the paper shows the importance of the indicator of monetary income of the population in determining the social potential. It was revealed that the population of the region with cash incomes below the subsistence minimum is almost twice as high as the all-Russian indicators, and tends to grow.
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Plopa, Silviu. "Venitul național în Republica Moldova. Analiză în dinamică." In Simpozion Ştiinţific al Tinerilor Cercetători, Ediţia a 21-a. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/sstc.v2.49.

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The national income is a macroeconomic indicator of the (annual) activity results representing the sums received by the owners of the factors of production. This indicator has the following characteristics: the nationality of the productive factors is essentially taken into account, even when the productive factor is outside the country, its income enter the accounting., and if there are foreign factors of production in the country, they are excluded from the accounting. In general, this indicator is used as a measure of the country's well-being. The main studied elements that have a significa
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KALINOWSKI, Sławomir, and Barbara KIEŁBASA. "RISK OF POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.044.

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This paper addresses the poverty risk issues in the context of sustainable development of rural areas. Empirical materials included in this paper are based on EU-SILC (European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) partial studies, and provide a reference point for comparing the EU income distribution and social integration statistics. Poverty reduction and counteracting social exclusion are among the key Millennium Development Goals. According to studies, one in four inhabitants of EU rural areas is at risk of poverty or social exclusion. While the highest shares of at-risk popula
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Navickė, Jekaterina, and Romas Lazutka. "Functional and personal income distribution in the baltics: comparison of national and households accounts." In Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.38.

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In this paper we aim to cover the gap in analysis of functional distribution of National income at the macroeconomic level and personal income distribution at the microlevel. We compare the information provided in the National Accounts and in the EU Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) for the three Baltic states and in a wider EU context to establish the links between the economic prosperity at the macro level and income distribution at individual level. Comparative design helps identify differences in income structure and inequality within similar socio-economic conditions. As de
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Reports on the topic "Incomes"

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Crawford, Rowena, and James Banks. Managing retirement incomes. The IFS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.ifs.2022.0522.

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Brewer, Mike, Luke Sibieta, and Liam Wren-Lewis. Racing away? Income inequality and the evolution of high incomes. Institute for Fiscal Studies, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.2008.0076.

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Sibieta, Luke. Racing away? Income inequality and the evolution of high incomes. The IFS, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/ps.ifs.2024.0232.

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Lindert, Peter, and Jeffrey Williamson. American Incomes 1774-1860. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18396.

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Johnson, Paul. GDP, incomes and austerity. The IFS, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/ps.ifs.2024.0861.

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Blundell, Richard, Helen Miller, Edward Troup, and Owen Zidar. Tax and top incomes. The IFS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/ps.ifs.2024.0147.

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Atkinson, A. B. Colonial income taxpayers and top incomes in Central Africa: Historical evidence. Unknown, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii179.

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Feenberg, Daniel, and James Poterba. Income Inequality and the Incomes of Very High Income Taxpayers: Evidence from Tax Returns. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4229.

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Garlick, Julia, Murray Leibbrandt, and James Levinsohn. Individual Migration and Household Incomes. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22326.

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Lindert, Peter, and Jeffrey Williamson. American Colonial Incomes, 1650-1774. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19861.

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