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Journal articles on the topic 'Incorrect advice'
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Ballard, J. "Patient benefits: Incorrect advice." British Dental Journal 223, no. 8 (October 2017): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.899.
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Dijkstra, Jaap J. "User agreement with incorrect expert system advice." Behaviour & Information Technology 18, no. 6 (January 1999): 399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014492999118832.
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Li, Jin, Lei Liu, Yu Sun, Wei Fan, Mei Li, and Yiping Zhong. "Exposure to money modulates neural responses to outcome evaluations involving social reward." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 15, no. 1 (January 2020): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa019.
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Abstract Recent research suggests that exposure to monetary cues strengthens an individual’s motivation to pursue monetary rewards by inducing the ‘market mode’ (i.e. thinking and behaving in accordance with market principles). Here, we examined the effect of market mode on social reward processes by means of event-related potentials (ERPs). Participants primed with monetary images or neutral images acted as advisors who selected one of two options for a putative advisee. Subsequently, all participants passively observed the advisee accepting or rejecting their advice and receiving a gain or loss outcome. After money priming, the feedback-related negativity (FRN) to the advisee’s gain/loss outcome was larger following incorrect as compared to correct advice irrespective of whether the advice had been accepted or rejected. A smaller P3 following incorrect advice showed only when the advice was rejected. After neutral priming, the FRN was larger for incorrect relative to correct advice only when the advice had been rejected. However, the P3 was larger for correct relative to incorrect advice irrespective of the advisee’s final choice. These findings suggest that the market mode facilitates early and automatic feedback processing but reduces later and controlled responding to outcomes that had been accepted.
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Mullen, Walter H., Ilene B. Anderson, Susan Y. Kim, Paul D. Blanc, and Kent R. Olson. "Incorrect Overdose Management Advice in the Physicians' Desk Reference." Annals of Emergency Medicine 29, no. 2 (February 1997): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(97)70277-4.
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Harris, C. B., and P. D. Welsby. "Health Advice and the Traveller." Scottish Medical Journal 45, no. 1 (February 2000): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693300004500105.
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We studied advice given by travel agents, the experiences of recent travellers, and the hidden costs for travellers to Kenya. There was a wide range of advice given by United Kingdom travel agents, much of it at variance with advice given by other travel agents and much of it incorrect. Nevertheless travel agents have a responsibility to give advice because they are often the only point of contact for health advice.
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XU, DIANXIANG, WEIFENG XU, and W. ERIC WONG. "TESTING ASPECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMS WITH UML DESIGN MODELS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 18, no. 03 (May 2008): 413–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194008003672.
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The new constructs in aspect-oriented programming bring new types of programming faults with respect to crosscutting concerns, such as incorrect pointcuts and advice. This paper presents a UML-based approach to testing whether or not an aspect-oriented program conforms to its expected crosscutting behavior. We explore aspect-oriented UML design models to derive tests for exercising interactions between aspects and classes. Each aspect-oriented model consists of class diagrams, aspect diagrams, and sequence diagrams. For a method under test, we weave the sequence diagrams of the advice on the method into the method's sequence diagram. Based on the woven sequence diagram and class/aspect diagrams, we then generate an AOF (Aspect-Object Flow) tree by applying coverage criteria such as condition coverage, polymorphic coverage, and loop coverage to woven sequence diagrams. In the AOF tree, each path from the root to a leaf is an abstract message sequence, indicating a template of test cases. A concrete test case is obtained by creating objects that satisfy the collective constraints in the template. Our empirical study shows that the model-based testing approach is capable of revealing several types of aspect-specific faults, including incorrect advice type, incorrect (weaker or stronger) pointcut strengths, and incorrect aspect precedence.
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Eichenhofer, Johannes. "Behördliche Beratung und Informationsrisiko." Die Verwaltung 53, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 501–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/verw.53.4.501.
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In the social constitutional state, the administration’s mandate is not limited to making legal and expedient decisions. According to § 25 of the German Administrative Procedure Act and parallel provisions in social, tax and procurement laws, the office administrators are obliged to advise the individual to a certain extent on the exercise of their rights, whereby the requirement of legality and expediency is at least to some extent supplemented by a requirement of optimization. The present contribution will discuss the justification, the regulatory context, and the extent of the duty to provide advice, as well as the consequences of insufficient or incorrect advice. The institution of official advice is interesting for the discipline of administrative law as it stands at the interface of civil law and administrative law (substantive and procedural), and therefore, is able to reconstruct its dogmatic form on the basis of the “doctrine of legal relations”. Finally, the official duties to advise exemplify how administrative procedural law deals with information risks – a hitherto neglected component of general information administrative law.
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Burton, Jared Z., and Russell T. Warne. "The Neglected Intelligence Course: Needs and Suggested Solutions." Teaching of Psychology 47, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0098628320901381.
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Intelligence is a well-studied construct in psychology that has correlational relationships with many educational, employment, and health outcomes. However, prior research indicates that incorrect beliefs about intelligence are widespread. In an effort to discern the degree to which the psychology curriculum is responsible for these inaccuracies, we collected course descriptions and catalog information from 303 American colleges and universities. We found that college courses dedicated to mainstream intelligence science are rare. Because the lack of intelligence education within psychology is a plausible contributor to incorrect beliefs about intelligence, we present an outline for a college-level course on intelligence. We also provide advice for implementing a course, including course readings and advice for handling controversies.
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Attard Montalto, Simon, Helen Borg, Mary Buttigieg-Said, and Edward J. Clemmer. "Incorrect advice: the most significant negative determinant on breast feeding in Malta." Midwifery 26, no. 1 (February 2010): e6-e13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2008.06.002.
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Acemoglu, D., and J. Robinson. "Economics versus politics: pitfalls of policy advice." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 20, 2013): 4–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2013-12-4-28.
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The standard approach to policy making and advice in economics implicitly or explicitly ignores politics and political economy and maintains that if possible, any market failure should be rapidly removed. This essay explains why this conclusion may be incorrect; because it ignores politics, this approach is oblivious to the impact of the removal of market failures on future political equilibria and economic efficiency, which can be deleterious. We first outline a simple framework for the study of the impact of current economic policies on future political equilibria — and indirectly on future economic outcomes. We then illustrate the mechanisms through which such impacts might operate using a series of examples. The main message is that sound economic policy should be based on a careful analysis of political economy and should factor in its influence on future political equilibria.
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Acemoglu, Daron, and James A. Robinson. "Economics versus Politics: Pitfalls of Policy Advice." Journal of Economic Perspectives 27, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.27.2.173.
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The standard approach to policy making and advice in economics implicitly or explicitly ignores politics and political economy and maintains that if possible, any market failure should be rapidly removed. This essay explains why this conclusion may be incorrect; because it ignores politics, this approach is oblivious to the impact of the removal of market failures on future political equilibria and economic efficiency, which can be deleterious. We first outline a simple framework for the study of the impact of current economic policies on future political equilibria—and indirectly on future economic outcomes. We then illustrate the mechanisms through which such impacts might operate using a series of examples. The main message is that sound economic policy should be based on a careful analysis of political economy and should factor in its influence on future political equilibria.
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Tatasciore, Monica, Vanessa K. Bowden, Troy A. W. Visser, Steph I. C. Michailovs, and Shayne Loft. "The Benefits and Costs of Low and High Degree of Automation." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 62, no. 6 (August 19, 2019): 874–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720819867181.
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Objective The objective of this study is to examine the effects of low and high degree of automation (DOA) on performance, subjective workload, situation awareness (SA), and return-to-manual control in simulated submarine track management. Background Theory and meta-analytic evidence suggest that as DOA increases, operator performance improves and workload decreases, but SA and return-to-manual control declines. Research also suggests that operators have particular difficulty regaining manual control if automation provides incorrect advice. Method Undergraduate student participants completed a submarine track management task that required them to track the position and behavior of contacts. Low DOA supported information acquisition and analysis, whereas high DOA recommended decisions. At a late stage in the task, automation was either unexpectedly removed or provided incorrect advice. Results Relative to no automation, low DOA moderately benefited performance but impaired SA and non-automated task performance. Relative to no automation and low DOA, high DOA benefited performance and lowered workload. High DOA did impair non-automated task performance compared with no automation, but this was equivalent to low DOA. Participants were able to return-to-manual control when they knew low or high DOA was disengaged, or when high DOA provided incorrect advice. Conclusion High DOA improved performance and lowered workload, at no additional cost to SA or return-to-manual performance when compared with low DOA. Application Designers should consider the likely level of uncertainty in the environment and the consequences of return-to-manual deficits before implementing low or high DOA.
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Młocek, Wojciech. "Comments to the article "The bad advice concerning the Fisher-Snedecor test"." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 61, no. 11 (November 28, 2016): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1110.
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In the study (Drapella, 2016), the author includes the thesis on erroneous method of calculating test statistics in the Fisher-Snedecor (FS) test. This method is commonly described in the literature, and examples, which cites the author, come from Brandt (1998) and Starzyńska (2002) textbooks as well as Zielinski’s statistical tables (1972). The thesis is supported by numerical experiment and analytical considerations. This article indicates an error in the discussed study (Drapella, 2016), thus negates the included thesis, and shows that the said literature does not contain incorrect information associated with the FS test.
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Cheema, Ejaz, Paul Sutcliffe, and Donald Rj Singer. "COMMUNITY PHARMACIST-LED NEW MEDICINE SERVICE FOR PATIENTS WITH A LONG TERM MEDICAL CONDITION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i6.17464.
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Objective: This study assessed the impact of the new medicine service (NMS) on medication use in patients starting a new medication for a long-term medical condition in the United Kingdom (UK). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in community pharmacies in the West Midlands area for three months from July to September 2012. The drug therapies/agents included in the study were antihypertensive, antidiabetics, anti-asthmatics and antiplatelet/anticoagulants.Results: 20 community pharmacists completed questionnaires related to 285 patients (160 female and 125 male). On the first NMS assessment, 82 patients reported drug-related problems including adverse effects and incorrect use of medications. Of these 82 patients, 58 received pharmacists' advice and 24 did not receive any advice. At the NMS follow up 39 (67%) of the 58 patients who received pharmacists' advice reported resolution of their drug-related problems while only four (17%) of the 24 patients who did not receive pharmacists' advice reported resolution of their problems (odds ratio 10.2, 95% CI 3.0-34.2 p<0.0001). The improvement in the correct use of medications by patients reported in this study for example by improving the inhaler technique of asthmatic patients is expected to have important implications for improving the healthcare outcome of patients with long-term conditions.Conclusion: This study provides support for the NMS as an opportunity to improve detection of adverse effects and improve the incorrect use of medicines by patients. Further research is needed to address the policy implications of the NMS, including analyses of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of this service, and the sustainability of this form of pharmacist intervention in the long-term in clinical practice.
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Silverston, Paul. "SAFER: A mnemonic to improve safety-netting advice in prescribing practice." Journal of Prescribing Practice 1, no. 11 (November 2, 2019): 552–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jprp.2019.1.11.552.
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One of the most fundamental concepts in medicine is that our ability to prescribe the correct medication is based upon our ability to make the correct diagnosis first. However, the relationship between illness, time and clinical assessment often means that the initial diagnosis may either be uncertain or incorrect. In addition, a patient may experience a serious complication of what is normally a minor illness. The dynamic and unpredictable nature of illness needs to be managed safely through the provision of safety-netting advice. However, it is essential that the medical content of that advice covers the specific medical criteria that would require a patient to seek a medical re-assessment of their symptoms and of their diagnosis. This article describes a mnemonic to help facilitate the development of symptom-based, patient safety-focused, safety-netting advice.
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Neider, Daniel, Jean-Raphael Gaglione, Ivan Gavran, Ufuk Topcu, Bo Wu, and Zhe Xu. "Advice-Guided Reinforcement Learning in a non-Markovian Environment." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 9073–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i10.17096.
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We study a class of reinforcement learning tasks in which the agent receives its reward for complex, temporally-extended behaviors sparsely. For such tasks, the problem is how to augment the state-space so as to make the reward function Markovian in an efficient way. While some existing solutions assume that the reward function is explicitly provided to the learning algorithm (e.g., in the form of a reward machine), the others learn the reward function from the interactions with the environment, assuming no prior knowledge provided by the user. In this paper, we generalize both approaches and enable the user to give advice to the agent, representing the user’s best knowledge about the reward function, potentially fragmented, partial, or even incorrect. We formalize advice as a set of DFAs and present a reinforcement learning algorithm that takes advantage of such advice, with optimal con- vergence guarantee. The experiments show that using well- chosen advice can reduce the number of training steps needed for convergence to optimal policy, and can decrease the computation time to learn the reward function by up to two orders of magnitude.
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Parfitt, A. A., and W. P. Rock. "Orthodontic Treatment Planning by General Dental Practitioners." British Journal of Orthodontics 23, no. 4 (November 1996): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bjo.23.4.359.
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A group of 30 general dental practitioners were asked to plan treatment for a series of 10 Class II division 1 malocclusions of graded severity. The results were assessed against a gold standard provided by three consultants. Only 14 per cent of practitioner treatment plans agreed with the gold standard and agreement was worst for those cases requiring the use of headgear. When consultants and General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) were asked whether a case should be referred for advice before the GDP began treatment, 64 per cent of GDP decisions agreed with those of the consultants. On 13 per cent of occasions, however, the GDP would have initiated incorrect treatment without seeking consultant advice.
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Dixon, Steven, and Sean Woodcock. "When can I drive? Advising patients when to drive after general surgical procedures." Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management 23, no. 6 (August 16, 2018): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516043518794323.
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Introduction Advising patients when they are medically fit to drive following general surgical procedures is crucial to minimise risk to patients, the general public as road user’s and pedestrians and also avoid negligence claims against medical practitioners. Historically, in the UK, this advice has come from a number of sources including surgeons, general practitioners, insurers and the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA). The aim of this study was to review how current surgical teams distribute this advice and what this advice is based upon. Materials and methods An online survey was devised and distributed to all consultant general surgeons and trainees in the North East of England via email. Leading vehicle insurance companies and the DVLA were contacted to assess what advice they gave for specific procedures (ventral hernia, appendicectomy, cholecystectomy, fundoplication). Results A total of 135 surveys were distributed, 56 were returned, with a response rate of 41.5%. Twenty-two (39.3%) of respondents were consultants, 30 (53.6%) were speciality trainees (ST3-8) and 4 (7.1%) were core surgical trainees (CT1-2). Some (14.2%) gave driving advice to every patient, 39.3% gave advice to most patients; 42.9% gave advice pre-operatively in clinic, 39.3% gave the advice pre-operatively on the day of surgery, and 96.4% of responders based their advice on traditional teaching. Discussion and conclusions: There is variation in the content and timing of advice regarding driving after general surgical procedures. This inconsistency will undoubtedly lead to incorrect information being distributed to patients and will impact post-operative patient safety. We suggest formulating consistent advice in a written format, standardising the process which in turn will protect patients and surgeons.
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Tereszkiewicz, Piotr, and Katarzyna Południak-Gierz. "Liability for Incorrect Client Personalization in the Distribution of Consumer Insurance." Risks 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks9050083.
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The use of personalization mechanisms should allow the insurance distributor to reduce exploration costs and adjust the offered insurance product to the needs, features, and situation of each individual client. This study seeks to examine how liability should be allocated when the process of the personalization of an insurance product does not result in the client’s choice of an optimal product. First, we identify the typical uses of new technologies allowing for an adjustment of insurance contracts. Second, we analyze the interplay between their application and the legal obligations of insurance product distributors. Subsequently, the paper discusses the scope of factors the insurance distributor is liable for when using personalizing tools in contacts with clients. We submit that offering an online personalization of insurance products ought to be regarded as being equivalent to providing advice under Art. 2, Sec. 1, Point 15 of the European Union Insurance Distribution Directive (IDD). From the consumer’s perspective, our analysis makes the case for the insurance distributor’s liability for mispersonalization of an insurance contract.
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Milosevic, Alex. "Abrasion: A Common Dental Problem Revisited." Primary Dental Journal 6, no. 1 (March 2017): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/205016841700600104.
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Dental abrasion is most commonly seen at the cervical necks of teeth, but can occur in any area, even inter-dentally from vigorous and incorrect use of dental floss. Acid erosion has been implicated in the initiation and progress of the cervical lesion, while tooth-brush abrasion has long been held as the prime cause of cervical abrasion. Identification of the risk factors is clearly important in order to modify any habits and provide appropriate advice.
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Chipley, M. Ryan, and Todd Barlow. "Executive Dashboard Widgets: A Performance-Based Comparative Analysis." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 5 (October 2007): 454–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705100506.
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Executive dashboards have become popular in enterprise software applications. Consequently, much advice has been offered by private consulting firms on how best to design dashboards. This paper details a couple of studies testing the advice given by the dashboard experts. The results suggest that some of the notions about how dashboard widgets should be designed might be incorrect. The results indicate that colored widgets are not necessarily inferior to simpler, colorless widgets. Similarly, fancy widgets (i.e., those with three dimensional characteristics) were not demonstrated to be inferior to plainer widgets. While some methodological challenges must be overcome in similar future studies, the results of the described studies do not support some popular ideas about executive dashboards (and data visualization in general), and suggest that the area of interest is ripe for further investigation.
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ROBERTSON, DAVE STUART. "Guest Editorial." Knowledge Engineering Review 12, no. 3 (September 1997): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888997003019.
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Knowledge based systems are used in applications where an incorrect decision could put human life in jeopardy. A quick trawl through the World Wide Web is sufficient, these days, to locate such applications in design, analysis and testing; protection advice; operator decision support; signal monitoring; embedded systems and others. Depending on the type of system, these either give information which is not guaranteed to be correct (in many operator support applications) or which is imprecise (for example in fuzzy logic controllers).
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Machnikowski, Piotr. "Product Liability for Information products?: The CJEU Judgment in VI/KRONE -Verlag Gesellschaft mbH & Co KG, 10 June 2021 [C-65/20]." European Review of Private Law 30, Issue 1 (March 1, 2022): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2022007.
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In its Krone judgment, the Court of Justice interpreted the Product Liability Directive to determine whether a copy of a newspaper containing incorrect paramedical advice constitutes a defective product within the meaning of the Directive. The negative answer given by the Court is correct, although not all the arguments in support of it are convincing, and others can be identified. The issue of defining product and defect is central to the application of the Directive, and the Court’s views may also be of some use in the discussion on its modernization.
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Buchta, Christoph, Wim Coucke, Wolfgang Huf, Andrea Griesmacher, Mathias M. Müller, Wolfgang R. Mayr, Øystein Flesland, et al. "External quality assessment providers’ services appear to more impact the immunohaematology performance of laboratories than national regulatory and economic conditions." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 60, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2021-1219.
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Abstract Objectives Medical laboratories may, at their own discretion, exceed but not undercut regulatory quality requirements. Available economic resources, however, may drive or hinder eagerness to exceed minimum requirements. Depending on the respective scopes of regulatory and economic framework conditions, differing levels of quality efforts to safeguard laboratory performance can be anticipated. However, this has not yet been investigated. Methods Immunohaematology external quality assessment (EQA) results collected by 26 EQA providers from their participant laboratories in 73 countries from 2004 to 2019 were evaluated. Error rates were aggregated in groups according to the respective national regulatory and economic framework conditions, to whether or not expert advice was provided in case of incorrect results, and the frequency of EQA samples. Results These representative data indicate no association between national regulatory (mandatory participation in EQA, monitoring of performance of individual laboratories by authorities, financial consequences of incorrect results) and economic (level of national income, share of national health expenditure) conditions to the quality performance of medical laboratories in immunohaematology. However, EQA providers’ support for laboratories in the event of incorrect results appear to be associated with lower error rates, but a high EQA sample frequency with higher error rates. Conclusions Further research into the impact of introducing or changing services of EQA providers is needed to confirm the results found in this first of its kind study.
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Rash, Patricia King. "Meeting Parents’ Needs." Gifted Child Today 21, no. 5 (September 1998): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107621759802100506.
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Parents needs have often been neglected. They frequently feel alone and confused, and they regularly receive incorrect advice from well-meaning, but ill-advised sources. Educators can provide parents with knowledge about the characteristics of gifted children, how they are identified, and whether they are being educated appropriately. Parents can learn the best ways to work with the school in their efforts to support gifted education. They can organize and participate in support groups. And finally, teachers can encourage them to get involved in activities that meet their personal needs that are unrelated to the needs of their children. GCT
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Chate, Robert A. C. "Incorrect and clinically compromising cross-infection control advice given to orthodontists managing patients in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 160, no. 1 (July 2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.01.017.
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Nurwahid, Mohammad. "Analisis Kesalahan Siswa SD Dalam Menyelesaikan Permasalahan Luas Gabungan Bangun Datar Berdasarkan Watson’s Error Category." Journal on Education 3, no. 4 (July 2, 2021): 308–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/joe.v3i4.388.
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Geometry is a branch of mathematics and is one of the subject matter in mathematics in elementary schools. Measurement of area is one of the fundamental topics in mathematics. In fact, with regard to broad measurement skills, most of the students have difficulty in describing the problem. the mistakes that students make in answering a problem or problem need to be identified, the information obtained about errors in answering math problems can be used in improving mathematics teaching and learning activities. The purpose of this study was to identify errors made in solving the broad problem of combining data shapes based on the Watson error category. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects used were 6 4th grade students of MI Nurul Huda with three different ability criteria. The selection is based on the advice of the math teacher and the daily test scores of the previous material. The results of the study show that the errors made by the research are missing conclusion errors, incorrect data errors, incorrect procedures, missing data error, and skill hierarchy problem
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Gibson, Nataly. "Late to the Party: Mental Health Professionals’ Knowledge on Party Drugs and Harm Reduction Advice." BJPsych Open 8, S1 (June 2022): S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2022.126.
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AimsKnowledge of illegal substances has long revolved around addictions in psychiatry training and not of party drugs or harm reduction. Reasons for this could include it being a fairly taboo subject, and it being an area where information and advice change frequently. However, drug related deaths are at their highest since records began, and as our patients use them, it is important that professionals are knowledgeable and can offer sound harm reduction advice. The aims were to establish whether there was a deficit in mental health professionals’ knowledge and understanding of party drugs and harm reduction, to give education on this subject, and to gain feedback on whether it is useful and/or important.MethodsA questionnaire of 10 questions on party drugs and harm reduction was devised using resources from charities ‘The Loop’ and ‘Talking Drugs’. These questions aimed to test general knowledge in this area that would be expected from professionals. The study was carried out using Mental Health professionals (MDT) in a busy South London Trust in November 2019 and March 2020.The questionnaires were given before and after teaching sessions on the subject. Feedback was then collected from the attendees on their experiences.ResultsBefore the teaching sessions, professionals answered 44% of the questions correctly, 48% incorrectly, and 8% were ‘don't know’. However, after the sessions these scores went up to 77% correct, 19% incorrect, and 4% were ‘don't know’. Feedback was extremely positive, with an Addictions Consultant even commenting that she didn't know a lot of what was being taught! Professionals recognised the gap in their knowledge and were keen for more teaching.ConclusionParty drugs and harm reduction knowledge is lacking in Mental Health professionals despite it being commonly seen in our patients. Informed, tailored teaching sessions can help improve this and it seems most professionals would welcome it. In the future it may be useful to include this type of teaching as part of the official Psychiatry curriculum.
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Banakas, Stathis. "Liability for Incorrect Financial Information: Theory and Practice in a General Clause System and in a Protected Interests System." European Review of Private Law 7, Issue 3 (September 1, 1999): 261–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/252529.
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This paper is a comparative study of the remedies available for economic losses caused by incorrect financial advice or information in a system of extracontractual liability working with General Clauses (French law), and two other systems working with restrictive concepts of tort liability intended to relativise the protection of economic interests (English and German law). The extent to which recovery for such losses is allowed in the three legal systems is analysed and compared, and the practical significance of the conceptual differences considered. Additionally, the paper discovers the emergence of the new idea of voluntary assumption of responsibility as a foundation of tort liability serving different dogmatic and legal policy goals in English and German law.
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Bickmore, Timothy W., Stefán Ólafsson, and Teresa K. O'Leary. "Mitigating Patient and Consumer Safety Risks When Using Conversational Assistants for Medical Information: Exploratory Mixed Methods Experiment." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 11 (November 9, 2021): e30704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/30704.
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Background Prior studies have demonstrated the safety risks when patients and consumers use conversational assistants such as Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa for obtaining medical information. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate two approaches to reducing the likelihood that patients or consumers will act on the potentially harmful medical information they receive from conversational assistants. Methods Participants were given medical problems to pose to conversational assistants that had been previously demonstrated to result in potentially harmful recommendations. Each conversational assistant’s response was randomly varied to include either a correct or incorrect paraphrase of the query or a disclaimer message—or not—telling the participants that they should not act on the advice without first talking to a physician. The participants were then asked what actions they would take based on their interaction, along with the likelihood of taking the action. The reported actions were recorded and analyzed, and the participants were interviewed at the end of each interaction. Results A total of 32 participants completed the study, each interacting with 4 conversational assistants. The participants were on average aged 42.44 (SD 14.08) years, 53% (17/32) were women, and 66% (21/32) were college educated. Those participants who heard a correct paraphrase of their query were significantly more likely to state that they would follow the medical advice provided by the conversational assistant (χ21=3.1; P=.04). Those participants who heard a disclaimer message were significantly more likely to say that they would contact a physician or health professional before acting on the medical advice received (χ21=43.5; P=.001). Conclusions Designers of conversational systems should consider incorporating both disclaimers and feedback on query understanding in response to user queries for medical advice. Unconstrained natural language input should not be used in systems designed specifically to provide medical advice.
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Kendall, Lynne, Jonathan M. Parsons, Patricia Sloper, and Robert J. P. Lewin. "A simple screening method for determining knowledge of the appropriate levels of activity and risk behaviour in young people with congenital cardiac conditions." Cardiology in the Young 17, no. 2 (February 26, 2007): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951107000285.
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Objective: To assess a novel method for assessing risk and providing advice about activity to children and young people with congenital cardiac disease and their parents. Design and setting: Questionnaire survey in outpatient clinics at a tertiary centre dealing with congenital cardiac disease, and 6 peripheral clinics. Interventions: Children or their parents completed a brief questionnaire. If this indicated a desire for help, or a serious mismatch between advised and real level of activity, they were telephoned by a physiotherapist. Main measures of outcome: Knowledge about appropriate levels of activity, and identification of the number exercising at an unsafe level, the number seeking help, and the type of help required. Results: 253/258 (98.0%) questionnaires were returned, with 119/253 (47.0%) showing incorrect responses in their belief about their advised level of exercise; 17/253 (6.7%) had potentially dangerous overestimation of exercise. Asked if they wanted advice 93/253 (36.8%) said “yes”, 43/253 (17.0%) “maybe”, and 117/253 (46.2%) “no”. Of those contacted by phone to give advice, 72.7% (56/77) required a single contact and 14.3% (11/77) required an intervention that required more intensive contact lasting from 2 up to 12 weeks. Of the cohort, 3.9% (3/77) were taking part in activities that put them at significant risk. Conclusions: There is a significant lack of knowledge about appropriate levels of activity, and a desire for further advice, in children and young people with congenital cardiac disease. A few children may be at very significant risk. These needs can be identified, and clinical risk reduced, using a brief self-completed questionnaire combined with telephone follow-up from a suitably knowledgeable physiotherapist.
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Qader, Nooruldeen Nasih. "Boosting Authentication Security by Building Strong Password and Individualizing Easy to Remember Techniques." Journal of University of Human Development 2, no. 3 (August 31, 2016): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v2n3y2016.pp520-527.
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Newly released researches disclose the need of canceling the incorrect opinion; security by Password (PW) is dead and proves that these believe has been hurtful. Moreover, recommended a campaign prioritize strategies of building PW. Considering the PW features such as costless, maturity and vast experiences, and usability PW continues to be the most used options in Information Security (IS), it is furthermore, consider most challengers to researchers and really needs further boosting. PWs control authentication mechanism of IS, requiring that individuals choose strong PW. The best advice to protect from hackers is randomly generating unique PW for every site and service, to apply this advice we need more techniques of easy to remember and hard to guess. This study proposed a bunch of easy to remember techniques for building a strong PW. Also, it exhibited the importance of similar strategy despite existing of many helpful PW managers. On the other hand, this paper compiled and analyzed today’s data regarding authenticating secure systems via PW. Analyzed data showed some of common weakness in PW selection. Moreover, gathered information and evaluated data indicated the need of boosting PW. Proposed techniques and solutions enable individuals to select appropriate PW easily.
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Gill, Jeff. "Whose Variance Is It Anyway? Interpreting Empirical Models with State-Level Data." State Politics & Policy Quarterly 1, no. 3 (September 2001): 318–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153244000100100305.
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Researchers commonly apply inferential statistical procedures to population data from the 50 U.S. states as if they were estimating population parameters from sample statistics. This method is incorrect because with population data there is no need to make inferences about quantities that are already known. Instead, authors should simply provide evidence that their specified model provides a good fit to the data. Summary measures of variance as well as the full engine of Bayesian statistics perform this function. This research note demonstrates why the current practice of making inferences from population data with the null hypothesis significance test is wrong, provides some specific examples of problems in the literature, and gives prescriptive advice about correctly assessing and conveying empirical model results.
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Matějková, Jitka, and Ondřej Pavelek. "The Protective Purpose of the Contract and the Liability of an Expert Towards a Third Party in Czech, Austrian, and German Private Law." Baltic Journal of Law & Politics 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 163–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjlp-2019-0016.
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Abstract The aim of the paper is to describe the so-called protective purpose of the contract, by demonstrating the liability of experts for damage caused by an imperfect expert opinion, incorrect advice, or information. The comparative method will be used in conjunction with analyzing the Czech, Austrian, and German arrangements – their continuities and differences. Criteria for assessing whether this is a protective purpose of the contract and how these criteria vary in different legal frameworks are discussed in detail. The conceptual features of the expert as well as the assumptions of their responsibility for providing advice or information regulated in the individual jurisdictions are argued as well. The article concludes that the protective purpose of the contract is demonstrated accurately in the case of the liability of the expert for damage which has been established on the basis of a contract. These are in particular cases where an expert draws up an opinion on behalf of the parties on the basis of a contract which is, however, concluded with merely one party. In the event of a breach of the contract, the expert is also responsible for the damage caused to a party that has not concluded the contract with an expert.
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Yuli, Yuli Umro'atin. "Penerapan Metode Dakwah Mau’idzah Hasanah oleh Para Da’i di Media Massa." Taqorrub: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling dan Dakwah 2, no. 1 (June 19, 2022): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55380/taqorrub.v2i1.210.
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Abstract
The success of da'wah is largely determined by how it is carried out. The procedures for preaching, including the packaging of materials, attitudes and ways of delivering da'wah material are more important than the material for da'wah. No matter how perfect the material, the completeness of the material and the actuality of the issues presented, if it is delivered in a careless, unsystematic and haphazard way, it will create an unpleasant impression. But on the other hand, even though the da'wah material is not perfect, the simple material and the issues presented are less actual, but presented in an interesting and evocative way, it will create a happy impression. mau'izhah hasanah means good teaching, or good messages, delivered as advice.
The da'wah method is the path used by da'wah interpreters to convey the teachings of Islamic da'wah material. In conveying a message of da'wah, the method plays a very important role, because even though a message is good, it is conveyed through an incorrect method, then the message may be rejected by the recipient of the message. Mau'idzah hasanah is a utterance that contains good advice, where it can be useful for people listening to it, or satisfying arguments so that the audience can justify what is conveyed by the subject.
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Ritchie, Helen E., Elizabeth Hegedus, Joanne Ma, and Debra Kennedy. "A descriptive analysis of calls to the NSW Teratogen Information Service regarding use of anti-infectives during pregnancy." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 6, 2022): e0270940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270940.
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Background MotherSafe is a free telephone-based counseling service for Australian consumers and health-care providers concerned about drug exposures during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Anti-infectives are the most commonly prescribed drugs for pregnant women. This study aims to provide a descriptive analysis of prospectively collected calls received by MotherSafe regarding anti-infective exposures during pregnancy between 2000 and 2020. Aggregate data were examined by type of caller, reason for call, pregnancy category and exposure type. Inductive thematic analysis of the comments recorded by MotherSafe counsellors at the time of call was undertaken. Results Over the study period, 25,890 calls related to exposure to anti-infectives during pregnancy (antibiotic, antiviral, and antifungal medications). Calls from patients were dominated by low-risk exposures (pregnancy category A) to drugs while calls from health care professionals related to drugs with limited human information (pregnancy category B3). Analysis of MotherSafe counsellor comments revealed over 200 instances of concerns relating to health care professional advice to the patient. Three themes emerged: incorrect or conflicting advice, poor counselling, and refusal to treat, prescribe or dispense. It is likely that these comments are biased to the negative as patients would not call MotherSafe if they were happy with HCP advice. However, the findings are concerning as they reveal an underlying lack of knowledge in some health care professionals which may have led to undertreatment of patients. This study reinforced the importance of Teratogen Information Services such as MotherSafe in providing counselling and clear communication of evidence-based information to guide decision-making, reducing potential emotional distress in pregnant women, and optimizing maternal, pregnancy and infant outcomes.
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Hilmi, S. C., J. McCloskey, P. Tenni, and J. Hughes. "36. VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS IN AUSTRALIA: LET'S TAKE A LOOK 'DOWN UNDER'." Sexual Health 4, no. 4 (2007): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/shv4n4ab36.
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Objectives: To determine: 1) The accuracy in patient self-diagnosis and medical diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in Western Australia; 2) The contributing factors for self-diagnosing rather than seeking a medical diagnosis. Methods: A cross-sectional cohort community-based study, over a 13-month period, was conducted. All women wishing to purchase a topical antifungal product for their personal treatment of presumed VVC, from participating community pharmacies within a nominated division of general practice in Perth, Western Australia, were invited to participate in the study. Participants completed a detailed questionnaire prior to their immediate referral for evaluation and examination by an experienced medical practitioner, and underwent a range of laboratory tests to determine the cause of their symptoms. Chi-square testing for association was performed for univariate comparisons with that of culture proven VVC. Results: Ninety-four symptomatic women aged between 19 and 79 years were recruited. Of the 88 women who completed all aspects of the study, 41 (47%) were confirmed to have VVC by culture. The remaining 47 (53%) women either had another infectious cause (10 [11%]: urinary tract infection [4]; bacterial vaginosis [2]; chlamydia [2]; or genital herpes [2]) or their symptoms were not secondary to an infection (37 [42%]). Sixty-three percent of presumptive diagnoses made by medical practitioners were concordant with laboratory proven VVC. The women avoided seeking medical advice for a number of reasons. Conclusions: Over half of the study population self-diagnosed VVC incorrectly. The proportion of correct presumptive diagnoses made by medical practitioners was only slightly greater. Diagnosis based on presenting signs and symptoms alone could result in an incorrect diagnosis and a proportion of STIs being missed. Improving the management of VVC will be dependent on addressing factors influencing women's reluctance to seek medical advice and in addressing the current diagnostic processes. Over-the-counter antifungals, whilst convenient, may well compromise women's health.
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Hien, Nguyen Thanh. "An Investigation into Hufi English-Majored Students’ Issues with Translation and Interpretation." Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics 3, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jeltal.2021.3.6.10.
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English Language programs that seek to offer learners adequate English skills and translate strategies to conduct in multilingual environments include translation and interpretation. However, translating effectively is not a simple task because English language skills are not the only factor to consider; other factors also play a role. Owing to their poor language proficiency and comprehension of translation methods, many HUFI English-majored students have no experience with translation and interpretation. Therefore, this paper looked at how HUFI English-majored students approach translation and interpretation tasks and how successful those translated versions are in relation to the original Vietnamese documents. The results showed many incorrect translated items caused by “word-by-word” translation or meta-phrase technique and the influence of the Vietnamese language on two translated texts and talks from ten participants. Teachers of translation and interpretation subjects and students will get advice on improving the curriculum and teaching methods.
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Akuse, Rosamund M., Edwin E. Eseigbe, Abubakar Ahmed, and William R. Brieger. "Patent Medicine Sellers: How Can They Help Control Childhood Malaria?" Malaria Research and Treatment 2010 (September 26, 2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/470754.
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Roll Back Malaria Initiative encourages participation of private health providers in malaria control because mothers seek care for sick children from them. This study investigated Patent Medicine Sellers (PMS) management of presumptive malaria in children in order to identify how they can assist malaria control. A cross-sectional survey of 491 PMS in Kaduna, Nigeria, was done using interviews and observation of shop activities. Most (80%) customers bought drugs without prescriptions. Only 29.5% were given instructions about doses. Between 40–100% doses of recommended antimalarials were incorrect. Some (22%) PMS did not ask questions about illness for which they were consulted. Most children treated in shops received injections. PMS facilitate homecare but have deficiencies in knowledge and practice. Interventions must focus on training them to accurately determine doses, give advice about drug administration, use oral medication, and ask about illness. Training should be made a prerequisite for registering and reregistering shops.
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Mahmood, Shumail, Yazan Hendi, Hasan Zeb, Yasir A. Chowdhury, and Ismail Ughratdar. "Are patients with brain tumours being given timely DVLA advice?" Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_4 (October 1, 2021): iv2—iv3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab195.005.
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Abstract Aims Over 11,000 patients are diagnosed with a primary brain tumour annually in the UK, with many more being diagnosed with a secondary brain tumour. UK law stipulates that all individuals with a brain tumour must inform the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) and may be required to surrender their driving license depending on their specific tumour and symptoms. Despite this guidance, we found that patients continue to arrive at the neuro-oncology clinic without the correct DVLA advice being given. This can potentially lead to patients with brain tumours continuing to drive on the public highway, which poses a severe hazard as the risk of seizures could endanger the public. This retrospective study looks to review what information was provided to patients with brain tumours upon initial diagnosis and determine the adequacy of this; ultimately aiming to improve the quality of information given to future neuro-oncology patients. Method A structured questionnaire was designed, asking patients who have been treated for a brain tumour at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham about any information they received about driving when they were first diagnosed. The questionnaire comprised of 11 questions designed to gather an understanding of what information was given to patients about driving. The study secured local audit approval. 75 patients identified from the weekly neuro-oncology MDT list were contacted. All patients included in this audit were required to stop driving and inform the DVLA about their condition as per the DVLA guidelines. Their responses were collated and analysed. Using this data, we determined if there were inadequacies in the information that was given to these patients about driving, and how this process may be improved in the future. Results 60 patients (80%) possessed driving licenses when first diagnosed and 17% of these (n=10) were not told to stop driving; 8 of whom were diagnosed in primary/secondary care. 39 patients (65%) were first diagnosed in primary/secondary care, however, only 21% of these (n=8) were told to stop driving by primary/secondary care consultants. The remaining 31 patients (81%) were only told to stop driving after referral to tertiary care, by consultant neurosurgeons at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital. Conversely, of the 12 patients first diagnosed at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 85% were told to stop driving at diagnosis, suggesting a notable difference in informing patients between primary/secondary care and tertiary care. Patients also commented on the quality of the information received, as 10 individuals (21%) mentioned needing more information about getting their license back, and 5 individuals (11%) mentioning being given conflicting or incorrect information from different members of the MDT. Conclusion The results show that in practice, there are inconsistencies about mandatory DVLA advice which should be clearly provided to patients with a new diagnosis of a brain tumour. Only 78% of patients were told to stop driving at diagnosis, suggesting that the remainder could be liable to continue driving despite their diagnosis. Furthermore, many patients diagnosed in primary/secondary care are not being told to stop driving until after referral to tertiary care which can take weeks, causing delays in them being given this information, which can pose risks to themselves and the public. These delays may be alleviated by giving patients a simplified resource when they are first diagnosed which clearly explains the driving rules. We therefore propose developing a one-page resource based on DVLA guidance and distributing this to patients and referring healthcare professionals at first diagnosis. A subsequent re-audit can evaluate if this intervention improves the current situation.
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Wati, Atikah, and Indra Yoga Prawiro. "PRE-SERVICE EFL TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS AND ACTUAL PRACTICES OF GIVING ORAL FEEDBACK IN APPRENTICESHIP PROGRAM: EXPLORATORY STUDY." Wiralodra English Journal 3, no. 2 (October 16, 2019): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/wej.v3i2.63.
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The purposes of this study were to know the pre-service EFL teachers’ perceptions of their own oral feedback in apprenticeship program and to investigate the types of oral feedback that pre-service EFL teachers use in apprenticeship. It is supported by some problems found in the previous year apprenticeship program, pre-service teachers were seldom to give feedback to their students’ work or performance during the teaching and learning process, those pre-service teachers seem to be afraid to give more information or explanation about students’ work, tell the students’ incorrect work and give the students the correct answer explicitly, correct the students pronunciation, restate the correct form of students’ utterances, etc. To achieve the purpose of study, the writer used qualitative research method. The research participants were be taken from English Department students of Wiralodra University Indramayu that applied for apprenticeship program, there were 20 students that experienced their apprentceship program in several schools in Indramayu. The instrument of the research were observation and questionnaire modified from Sultana (2015). The finding showed that pre-service teachers’ were aware by the important of oral feedback to correct students’ mistakes, clarify the incorrect information, correct the students’ pronunciation, and restate the correct form of students’ utterances. Unfortunately in the teaching and learning process many of pre-service teachers did not execute oral feedback when they have to. Most of the oral feedback given to the students were focused on mispronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. Pre-service teachers seems did not notice misinformation mistakes and did not really aware of giving advice on students’ performance as the improvement strategy
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Hsiang Loh, Giselle, Eujin Pei, Joamin Gonzalez-Gutierrez, and Mario Monzón. "An Overview of Material Extrusion Troubleshooting." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 11, 2020): 4776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144776.
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Material extrusion (ME) systems offer end-users with a more affordable and accessible additive manufacturing (AM) technology compared to other processes in the market. ME is often used to quickly produce low-cost prototyping with the freedom of scalability where parts can be produced in different geometries, quantities and sizes. As the use of desktop ME machines has gained widespread adoption, this review paper discusses the key design strategies and considerations to produce high quality ME parts, as well as providing actional advice to aid end-users in quickly identifying and efficiently troubleshooting issues since current information is often fragmented and incomplete. The systemic issues and solutions concerning desktop ME processes discussed are not machine-specific, covering categories according to printer-associated, deposition-associated and print quality problems. The findings show that the majority of issues are associated with incorrect printer calibration and parameters, hardware, material, Computer Aided Design (CAD) model and/or slicing settings. A chart for an overview of ME troubleshooting is presented allowing designers and engineers to straightforwardly determine the possible contributing factors to a particular problem.
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Leśniak, Tomasz, Aleksandra Sierocka, Dariusz Kostrzewa, Remigiusz Kozłowski, and Michał Marczak. "Financial Expenses and “Losses” of the Polish Healthcare System Resulting from the Occurrence of Adverse Events." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (June 28, 2022): 7932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137932.
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Background: The globally increasing healthcare expenditures related to the need to treat the consequences of adverse events, as well as the number of claims filed by patients (or their families) and remuneration paid as their result mean that the interest in the subject of adverse event cost management is increasing. An increase in the number of cases concerning medical errors has also occurred in Poland in recent years. The newest statistics from the Ministry of Justice demonstrate that the courts are awarding increasingly higher amounts. The goal of this work was an attempt to approximate, based on our own experiences, the impact of adverse events on the expenditures of the healthcare system in Poland, including the costs of treatment of the consequences of such events, described by the authors as “secondary harm”. Methods: Based on the analysis of 100 cases for compensation for the occurrence of a medical event, an initial estimate of the costs of primary (initial) treatment, which resulted in the occurrence of the adverse event, and the costs of subsequent hospitalisations/stays, which were its consequences. The study was conducted in the period from October 2020 to November of 2021. Results: The statistical analysis of the examined cases enabled establishing that in 62% they concerned women. Only 38% were events which applied to men. The highest number of cases concerned events which occurred in the last years, that is 2018 (35%), 2019 (23%), and 2017 (17%). The most frequent events included those related to incorrect diagnosis (the lack of correct diagnosis), which resulted in appropriate activities not being undertaken and a lack of appropriate treatment, e.g., lack of diagnosis of cancer, myocardial infarction, appendicitis, or fracture (26%). The next one was incorrect surgical treatment (17%)—the consequence of which was most frequently a need for repeated surgery and an incorrect conservative treatment of injuries. The obtained results demonstrate that significantly higher funds are spent by medical entities for “restorative” actions (on average EUR 1433, which attempt to mitigate against the negative consequences of incorrect decisions or actions in the original treatment (average cost of EUR 814)). Conclusions: The consequences of adverse events include not only health-related harm for the patient, but also long-term social, familial, or professional results. The authors of the article are of an opinion that all the conducted analyses and conclusions drawn from them should serve the improvement of patient safety. They also form an initial point for establishing recommendations and advice for the improvement of safety and quality of medical services and the reduction of healthcare-related costs. The authors propose covering the parties injured by an adverse event (subjected to “secondary harm”) with a unique, innovative programme of post-accident health care, “Health Reconstruction”.
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Almutairi, Aisha, Abdullah M. Alolayan, Afrah H. Alazmi, Raghad Y. Alghurayr, Rehab A. Alrashidi, and Jolan S. Alsaud. "Incorrect use for Inhalation Techniques of Inhaled Medication among Children with Asthma in Qassim Region: Prevalence and its Risk." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 2 (February 26, 2022): 896–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22162896.
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Introduction: Asthma is one of the world's most common chronic respiratory disorders, and inhalers are frequently recommended to help manage allergy symptoms, improve quality of life, and reduce the risk of exacerbations or flare-ups. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of asthma is relatively high. Inhaler misuse can result in a variety of problems. This study aims to measure the prevalence of correct use of inhalation techniques of inhaled medication among children with asthma and investigate whether improper inhaler use can lead to uncontrolled bronchial asthma and its problems. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study used a validated self-administered Arabic questionnaire given to 180 participants who visit paediatrics pulmonology clinic at Qassim University Medical City and Dr. Sulaiman Alhabib Hospital in Buraydah from June to December 2021. This study used a completed questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, questions assess the participants’ condition and its severity, and questions to evaluate their inhalation technique of inhaled medication and if they were educated about the correct inhalation technique or not. Results and Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that number of ED visits is significantly associated with the time of diagnosis and frequency of using an inhaler (P=0.032) and (P=0.010) respectively. When we looked at the relationship between several characteristics and the timing of diagnosis, we discovered that age and times of using an asthma inhaler (Ventolin) in one week were significantly related (P=0.000). Revealing association between variables and frequency of using inhaler; the significant association with the source of advice about on the correct use of inhaler (P=0.005), and way of fixing the mask (P=0.040). Although our study showed enhanced knowledge and techniques using inhalers, physicians and other health workers should teach children and their caregivers how to use their inhalation devices properly whenever possible, and rectify errors when they occur, to ensure that medication is delivered effectively. As a result, future awareness campaigns should focus more resources on educating families and caregivers of asthmatics on correct medication use to avoid asthma complications and control asthma episodes for children.
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almutairi, Aisha, Abdullah M. Alolyan, Afrah H. Alazmi, Raghad Y. Alghurayr, Rehab A. Alrashidi, and Jolan S. Alsaud. "Incorrect use for Inhalation Techniques of Inhaled Medication among Children with Asthma in Qassim Region: Prevalence and its Risk." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221611329.
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Introduction: Asthma is one of the world's most common chronic respiratory disorders, and inhalers are frequently recommended to help manage allergy symptoms, improve quality of life, and reduce the risk of exacerbations or flare-ups. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of asthma is relatively high. Inhaler misuse can result in a variety of problems. This study aims to measure the prevalence of correct use of inhalation techniques of inhaled medication among children with asthma and investigate whether improper inhaler use can lead to uncontrolled bronchial asthma and its problems. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study used a validated self-administered Arabic questionnaire given to 180 participants who visit paediatrics pulmonology clinic at Qassim University Medical City and Dr. Sulaiman Alhabib Hospital in Buraydah from June to December 2021. This study used a completed questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, questions assess the participants’ condition and its severity, and questions to evaluate their inhalation technique of inhaled medication and if they were educated about the correct inhalation technique or not. Results and Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that number of ED visits is significantly associated with the time of diagnosis and frequency of using an inhaler (P=0.032) and (P=0.010) respectively. When we looked at the relationship between several characteristics and the timing of diagnosis, we discovered that age and times of using an asthma inhaler (Ventolin) in one week were significantly related (P=0.000). Revealing association between variables and frequency of using inhaler; the significant association with the source of advice about on the correct use of inhaler (P=0.005), and way of fixing the mask (P=0.040). Although our study showed enhanced knowledge and techniques using inhalers, physicians and other health workers should teach children and their caregivers how to use their inhalation devices properly whenever possible, and rectify errors when they occur, to ensure that medication is delivered effectively. As a result, future awareness campaigns should focus more resources on educating families and caregivers of asthmatics on correct medication use to avoid asthma complications and control asthma episodes for children.
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Atzema, Clare L., Ivona Mostarac, Dana Button, Peter C. Austin, Arshia P. Javidan, Lauren Wintraub, Allen Li, et al. "Assessing effective mask use by the public in two countries: an observational study." BMJ Open 11, no. 12 (December 2021): e049389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049389.
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ObjectivesDuring the COVID-19 pandemic wearing a mask in public has been recommended in some settings and mandated in others. How often this advice is followed, how well, and whether it inadvertently leads to more disease transmission opportunities due to a combination of improper use and physical distancing lapses is unknown.DesignCross-sectional observational study performed in June–August 2020.SettingEleven outdoor and indoor public settings (some with mandated mask use, some without) each in Toronto, Ontario, and in Portland, Oregon.ParticipantsAll passers-by in the study settings.Outcome measuresMask use, incorrect mask use, and number of breaches (ie, coming within 2 m of someone else where both parties were not properly masked).ResultsWe observed 36 808 persons, the majority of whom were estimated to be aged 31–65 years (49%). Two-thirds (66.7%) were wearing a mask and 13.6% of mask-wearers wore them incorrectly. Mandatory mask-use settings were overwhelmingly associated with mask use (adjusted OR 79.2; 95% CI 47.4 to 135.1). Younger age, male sex, Torontonians, and public transit or airport settings (vs in a store) were associated with lower adjusted odds of wearing a mask. Mandatory mask-use settings were associated with lower adjusted odds of mask error (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.73), along with female sex and Portland subjects. Subjects aged 81+ years (vs 31–65 years) and those on public transit and at the airport (vs stores) had higher odds of mask errors. Mask-wearers had a large reduction in adjusted mean number of breaches (rate ratio (RR) 0.19; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.20). The 81+ age group had the largest association with breaches (RR 7.77; 95% CI 5.32 to 11.34).ConclusionsMandatory mask use was associated with a large increase in mask-wearing. Despite 14% of them wearing their masks incorrectly, mask users had a large reduction in the mean number of breaches (disease transmission opportunities). The elderly and transit users may warrant public health interventions aimed at improving mask use.
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Sharma, N., M. George, and B. Owen. "Audit on the documentation of patients medication in the letters from psychiatrists to the generalpractitioners." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73460-5.
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IntroductionClinical correspondence between general practitioners and specialists remains fundamental to the process of referral from primary care and transmission of management advice from consultants.Discrepancies over medication records for patients with mental illness living in community were highlighted by a previous audit and recommendation for improvement were accepted and implemented by the trust.AimsAn audit of the documentation of patient's medications in the Psychiatric clinic letters compared to the general practitioners records was done two years back and several recommendations were made to improve the communication.The aim of this study was to examine if the recommendations from the previous audit was implemented and if the quality of communication about medication conveyed by the Psychiatrist to the General Practitioner improved.MethodsLatest Psychiatric clinic letter of 50 patients were randomly selected from the computer database and they were checked against the latest GP records.The expectation is that the Psychiatric and GP records would correspond 100%.ResultsThis re-audit revealed most of the recommendations from the previous audit were implemented and as a result of that, the numbers of errors were reduced. However there were still significant errors detected including wrong medication, omission and incorrect dosage, schedule and frequency.
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Maunder, Mark N., and Kevin R. Piner. "Contemporary fisheries stock assessment: many issues still remain." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 1 (February 25, 2014): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu015.
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Abstract Interpretation of data used in fisheries assessment and management requires knowledge of population (e.g. growth, natural mortality, and recruitment), fisheries (e.g. selectivity), and sampling processes. Without this knowledge, assumptions need to be made, either implicitly or explicitly based on the methods used. Incorrect assumptions can have a substantial impact on stock assessment results and management advice. Unfortunately, there is a lack of understanding of these processes for most, if not all, stocks and even for processes that have traditionally been assumed to be well understood (e.g. growth and selectivity). We use information content of typical fisheries data that is informative about absolute abundance to illustrate some of the main issues in fisheries stock assessment. We concentrate on information about absolute abundance from indices of relative abundance combined with catch, and age and length-composition data and how the information depends on knowledge of population, fishing, and sampling processes. We also illustrate two recently developed diagnostic methods that can be used to evaluate the absolute abundance information content of the data. Finally, we discuss some of the reasons for the slowness of progress in fisheries stock assessment.
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Banjara, Megha Raj, Siddhivinayak Hirve, Niyamat Ali Siddiqui, Narendra Kumar, Sangeeta Kansal, M. Mamun Huda, Pradeep Das, et al. "Visceral Leishmaniasis Clinical Management in Endemic Districts of India, Nepal, and Bangladesh." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/126093.
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Background. National VL Elimination Programs in India, Nepal and Bangladesh face challenges as home-based Miltefosine treatment is introduced.Objectives. To study constraints of VL management in endemic districts within context of national elimination programs before and after intervention.Methods. Ninety-two and 41 newly diagnosed VL patients were interviewed for clinical and provider experience in 2009 before and in 2010 after intervention (district training and improved supply of diagnostics and drugs). Providers were assessed for adherence to treatment guidelines. Facilities and doctor-patient consultations were observed to assess quality of care.Results. Miltefosine use increased from 33% to 59% except in Nepal where amphotericin was better available. Incorrect dosage and treatment interruptions were rare. Advice on potential side effects was uncommon but improved significantly in 2010. Physicians did not rule out pregnancy prior to starting Miltefosine. Fever measurement or spleen palpation was infrequently done in Bangladesh but improved after intervention (from 23% to 47%). Physician awareness of renal or liver toxicity as Miltefosine side effects was lower in Bangladesh. Bio-chemical monitoring was uncommon. Patient satisfaction with services remained low for ease of access or time provider spent with patient. Health facilities were better stocked with rK39 kits and Miltefosine in 2010.
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Michel, Martin C., and Roland Seifert. "Selectivity of pharmacological tools: implications for use in cell physiology. A Review in the Theme: Cell Signaling: Proteins, Pathways and Mechanisms." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 308, no. 7 (April 1, 2015): C505—C520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00389.2014.
Full textAbstract:
Pharmacological inhibitors are frequently used to identify the receptors, receptor subtypes, and associated signaling pathways involved in physiological cell responses. Based on the effects of such inhibitors conclusions are drawn about the involvement of their assumed target or lack thereof. While such inhibitors can be useful tools for a better physiological understanding, their uncritical use can lead to incorrect conclusions. This article reviews the concept of inhibitor selectivity and its implication for cell physiology. Specifically, we discuss the implications of using inhibitor vs. activator approaches, issues of direct vs. indirect pathway modulation, implications of inverse agonism and biased signaling, and those of orthosteric vs. allosteric, competitive vs. noncompetitive, and reversible vs. irreversible inhibition. Additional problems can result from inconsistent estimates of inhibitor potency and differences in potency between cell-free systems and intact cells. These concepts are illustrated by several examples of inhibitors displaying affinity for related but distinct targets or even unrelated targets. Of note, many of the issues being addressed are also applicable to genetic inhibition strategies. The main practical conclusion following from these concepts is that investigators should be critical in the choice of inhibitor, its concentrations, and its mode of application. When this advice is adhered to, small-molecule pharmacological inhibitors can be important experimental tools in the hand of physiologists.