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Journal articles on the topic 'Incoterms'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

Istiyanto, Bambang, Ahmad Soimun, Dynes Rizky Navianti, Anggun Prima Gilang Rupaka, Anggun Prima Gilang Rupaka, and Putu Diva Ariestaha Sadri. "Analisa Pengambilan Keputusan Incoterms 2020 pada Perusahaan Jasa Pengiriman." Jurnal Teknologi Transportasi dan Logistik 3, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52920/jttl.v3i1.49.

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Keunggulan pariwisata Bali dimanfaatkan sebagai modal dalam mengembangkan usaha untuk menarik perhatian para wisatawan agar berkunjung ke Bali. Salah satu keunggulan itu diantaranya adalah kesenian, bahkan dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap peningkatan perekonomian di Bali. Kegiatan usaha pengiriman barang saat ini kecenderungan terjadi peningkatan, khususnya di masa pandemik yang telah terjadi sejak tahun 2020. Namun dengan semakin banyaknya permintaan tersebut, semakin berkembang juga adanya kemungkinan-kemungkinan risiko yang dihadapi oleh perusahaan jasa pengiriman barang (ekspedisi) dalam proses pengirimannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui dan mengidentifikasi terkait implementasi incoterms 2020 oleh jasa pengiriman yang mengirim barang seni. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan Systematic Random Sampling didapatkan 13 perusahaan yang dilakukan survey wawancara. Teknik analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu analisis statistik deskriptif kuantitatif dengan komparasi implementasi incoterm oleh ekspedisi. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu terdapat 31% yang mengimplemantasikan incoterm DDP, terdapat 27% untuk incoterm FOB yang menerapkan, terdapat 23% jasa pengiriman yang menerapkan incoterm CIF, terdapat 12% untuk incoterm jenis EXW dan 8% yang menerapkan untuk incoterm DPU.

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2

Hur, Hai-Kwan. "Incoterms and the Revised Incoterms 2020." INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW 89 (February 28, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35980/krical.2021.02.89.1.

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3

Sundari, Rima, and Edi Supardi. "Determination of Export Price by Incoterms 2010 (Study in PT X Karawang)." TRIKONOMIKA 14, no. 2 (December 25, 2015): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/trikonomika.v14i2.404.

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Determination of export price will give influences to company’s profit, image, and the competitiveness in the customers perspectives. Determination of export price must be based on the applied international standards which refer to the International Commercial Terms or Incoterms. Incoterms always updated to follow developments of international trading therefore any Incoterms changes that occur will affect the determination. The calculation of export price based on Incoterms is calculated based on cost of goods production, benefits, cost of packaging, loading costs, transportation, taxes and fees and the cost of transportation insurance. The results showed that most often-used Incoterms by company in gradation are FOB, CFR and CIF. Lastly, the higher use of Incoterms class by company has positive influence to increase corporate profit.

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4

Muthig, Jürgen. "Incoterms 2010." Bankfachklasse 33, no. 1 (January 2011): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s35139-011-0002-8.

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5

Kim, Sang Man. "Right Choice of DPU in Incoterms 2020." Global Trade and Customs Journal 16, Issue 3 (February 1, 2021): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2021013.

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The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), in 1936, first published Incoterms to establish commonly accepted definitions and rules concerning the delivery of goods between the seller and the buyer. ICC has periodically revised Incoterms to reflect changes in commercial practice. On 10 September 2019, ICC published Incoterms 2020, the eighth revision, which entered into force on 1 January 2020. In Incoterms 2020, DAT (Delivered at Terminal) was deleted, and DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded) was newly introduced instead. DPU means that the seller delivers the goods to the buyer when the goods, once unloaded from the arriving menas of transport, are placed at the disposal of the buyer at the named place of destination (or at the agreed point within that place, if any such point is agreed). DPU is similiar to DAP (Delivered at Place) rather than to DAT. The only difference between DPU and DAP is that which party shall be responsible for unloading the goods from the arriving means of transport at the destination. Since it is DPU that was newly introduced in Incoterms 2020, we need to understand how to properly use DPU in international trade. commercial practice, Delivered at Place Unloaded (DPU), delivery, delivery terms, Incoterms, Incoterms 2010, Incoterms 2020, international commercial terms, international trade, trade terms

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6

Davis, Jonathan, and John Vogt. "Hidden Supply Chain Risk and Incoterms®: Analysis and Mitigation Strategies." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 12 (December 20, 2021): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14120619.

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Among the many sources of financial and operational risk in supply chains are the Incoterms®, which are terms of trade used to decide who does what in a cargo movement, when risk passes from seller to buyer and who pays for which part of the movement. Wrong Incoterms® create unexpected costs or risks, at best, and inoperable contracts at worst, with all the challenges implied. This paper analyzes risk in supply chain management (SCM) through the lens of the responsibilities and costs imposed by Incoterms®. The authors also conducted a survey of 100 supply chain decision makers on supply chain contracts creation and Incoterms® knowledge in the population. Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) of Incoterms® reveals many scenarios that pose financial, operational, and even legal risk to firms. Results suggest Incoterms® rules are poorly understood by supply chain practitioners in general, are often chosen by personnel who are not aware of the implications of their choices, and are therefore frequently chosen incorrectly or non-strategically, thereby increasing cost and risk. This paper discusses the implications of the analysis and survey results on supply chain performance as well as mitigation strategies for practitioners in strategically using Incoterms® to remove cost, risk, and delay from supply chain transactions.

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7

Del Rosal Fernández, Ignacio. "Las condiciones de entrega en el comercio exterior español." Studies of Applied Economics 31, no. 1 (March 9, 2020): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/eea.v31i1.3269.

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The terms of delivery in international trade, summarized in the Incoterms, have rarely been studied in the economic literature on transport costs. In this paper we present a first approach to study the use of Incoterms in the Spanish international trade, using the Estadística de Comercio Exterior. Besides showing the main trends on the use of Incoterms by Spanish exporters and importers, a binary response model is estimated with a dependent variable that distinguish if the seller deals with the main transport cost. We have found that distance, rent per capita, and weight/value ratio can influence the choice of Incoterms.

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8

Casuccio, Paul. "A Modernization of the Incoterms." Global Trade and Customs Journal 7, Issue 2 (February 1, 2012): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2012010.

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The International Chamber of Commerce has published the first revision in over a decade to its rules for the use of domestic and international trade terms. These rules reduce the risk associated with the sale of goods by creating a mechanism that buyers and sellers can use to clearly communicate their respective obligations. The new rules, published as Incoterms 2010, include several noteworthy changes. This article identifies and discusses these changes. One of the most significant changes in Incoterms 2010 is its expanded application to domestic sales contracts. This expansion has encouraged the replacement of Uniform Commercial Code terms with Incoterms in sales contracts where one party is located in the US. In order to simplify the use of Incoterms and make Incoterms more accessible to new users, significant changes have also been made to terms themselves. These changes include the introduction of new terms and the reclassification of existing terms. More subtle changes, including the treatment of terminal handling charges, the clarification of insurance obligations and the timing of risk transfer from the seller to the buyer, are also included. In addition, Incoterms 2010 has introduced new rules that allocate security-related obligations, address the expanded use of electronic documents and recognize the use of string sales. Overall, the changes to Incoterms 2010 appear to have succinctly addressed the evolution of trade practices over the past decade while providing continued clarity in the increasingly complex world of international trade.

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9

Oktafiana, Ananda, Desi Dwi Rahmadani, Eva Arista Aprilia, and Yohana Vingky Septya Laras. "Analysis of Incoterms Selection and Involvement of 3PL in Export Import Logistics Activities." ASIAN Economic and Business Development 4, no. 1 (June 2, 2022): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54204/aebd/vol4no1july2022013.

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The international commercial terms (incoterms) are important documents for exporters and importers in minimizing risks during a series of international trades so that rights and obligations are still implemented. Various incoterms documents have their respective functions. The involvement of third-party logistics is an important key in minimizing risk, and costs, and creating efficiencies. This study was conducted to examine the selection of incoterms and the involvement of third-party logistics (3PL) in export and import logistics activities. The method used in the research was carried out by means of a literature study with various sources to examine intensely related to incoterms and 3PL. We find that the synergy between the selection of incoterms documents and the involvement of 3PL parties can support the performance of export and import logistics activities. In addition, the involvement of these two things can reduce risks, and costs, and increase the efficiency of export and import activities.

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10

Piltz, Burghard. "Incoterms® 2020." Revija Kopaonicke skole prirodnog prava 2, no. 1 (2020): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/rkspp2001009p.

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11

Piltz, Burghard. "Incoterms® 2020." Internationales Handelsrecht 19, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.9785/ihr-2019-190502.

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12

Piltz, Burghard. "Incoterms® 2010." European Journal of Commercial Contract Law 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7590/ejccl_2011_01_01.

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13

Piltz, Burghard. "Incoterms® 2010." Internationales Handelsrecht 11, no. 1 (January 24, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ihr.2011.11.1.1.

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14

Jolivet, Emmanuel. "Incoterms e Técnica Contractual." Revista Brasileira de Arbitragem 7, Issue 25 (March 1, 2010): 84–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/rba2010005.

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RESUMO: Os Incoterms 2000, regras da Câmara de Comércio Internacional para a interpretação de termos comerciais, entraram em vigor no dia 1º de janeiro de 2000. No momento em que se discute a possibilidade de uma revisão, as relações entre os Incoterms e a técnica contratual merecem atenção. A análise da prática cotidiana dos Incoterms parece contribuir de forma útil para o debate sobre a pertinência dessa revisão.

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15

Pérez Correa Camarena, Fernando. "Análisis comparativo de los Incoterms 2010 frente a los Incoterms 2000." Revista de la Facultad de Derecho de México 61, no. 256 (February 23, 2012): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fder.24488933e.2011.256.30366.

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Con el propósito de facilitar las transacciones comerciales internacionales que día a día se llevan a cabo, la Cámara de Comercio Internacional realiza una revisión y actualización periódica de los Términos de Comercio Internacional (<em>Incoterms</em>), los cuales regulan tres aspectos fundamentales relacionados con la compraventa internacional de mercaderías: la entrega de las mercancías, la transmisión de riesgos entre las partes y los costos a cuenta de cada una de las mismas.

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16

Sousa, Gabriela Loureiro de. "Incoterms, VAT and Customs: International Trade of Tangible Goods." Global Trade and Customs Journal 16, Issue 3 (February 1, 2021): 120–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2021014.

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Three important topics in international trade warrant periodic clarification to increase awareness on three relevant topics relevant to international trade in goods: International Commercial Terms (‘Incoterms rules’), Value Added Tax (‘VAT’) and Customs. Some or all are often disregarded or, even if considered, their relevance is underestimated, just as with the potential impact of VAT and Customs obligations; an important context for trade, therefore, includes risks assumed by the seller and the buyer, which result from the Incoterms rules agreed to by the parties. Incoterms, VAT and Customs, ‘Delivered Duty Paid’ (DDP) and ‘Ex Works’ (EXW)

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17

Huamán Sialer, Marco Antonio. "Principales cambios en los Incoterms® 2020." LEX - REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE DERECHO Y CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS 18, no. 26 (December 29, 2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/lex.v18i26.2174.

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En el presente artículo se analizan y comentan los principales cambios de carácter general y cambios de carácter específicos contenidos en el Incoterms® 2020, publicación 723 de la Cámara de Comercio Internacional de Paris (ICC), en comparación con los Incoterms® 2010, publicación 715 de la ICC.

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18

Baena-Rojas, Jose Jaime, and Jose Alejandro Cano. "TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATION OF COSTS AND PRICES IN CONTRACTS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS BASED ON INCOTERMS®." Acta logistica 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22306/al.v9i2.291.

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The settlement of costs and prices in international business is an essential aspect of the competitiveness of internationalized companies. In this way, the "International Commercial Terms" (Incoterms)® as rules for the involved parties to a contract of international sale of goods become strategic, not only to define the conditions of delivery of the goods but also to define the value of an export according to the point of delivery within the international physical distribution chain. This study presents a detailed example of the costs derived from an international sale and purchase process, considering different databases published on the Internet, and provides a technique to simulate the value of each Incoterm 2020 rule. The results indicate the estimated prices for an export case from Colombia to the United States for containerized cargo. It is concluded that this technique facilitates the planning of the international sale and purchase, allowing to know the export values for each Incoterm, besides presenting an innovative model adaptable for other goods.

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Arroyo Prado, Jorge. "Los nuevos Incoterms 2010." Paradigmas 3, no. 1 (July 4, 2018): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31381/paradigmas.v3i1.1479.

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La cámara de comercio internacional (CCI) ha publicado nuevos INCOTERMS para ser aplicados a partir del 2011. Estos términos se crearon por primera vez en 1936 y desde ese año se han venido actualizando, basicamente de acuerdo a los avances en los medios de comunicación, las comunicaciones electrónicas y las prácticas usos y costumbres a través de los años. Nos permitimos presentar los nuevos términos en forma resumida y comprensible.

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20

Silva, Enderson Rafael Paula da, and Renato Samuel Barbosa de Araújo. "LOGÍSTICA E FATORES INTERVENIENTES DOS INCOTERMS." EmpíricaBR - Revista Brasileira de Gestão, Negócio e Tecnologia da Informação 1, no. 2 (December 22, 2009): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.15628/empiricabr.2009.287.

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Ao longo do tempo as pessoas tentam facilitar e também torna mais rápidos os processos para que o mundo caminhe mais rápido e com o mínimo possível de problemas, com o passar do tempo a transações internacionais cresceram e se tornaram indispensáveis para alguns países. Com essas transações crescendo, o número de vendedores e compradores aumentou também, começaram a aparecer alguns conflitos, como forma de minimizar os erros foram criados os incoterms, termos que facilitam e formam um padrão, que diminui o número de erros a quase zero. Tendo como tema central os incoterms, neste trabalho, trás um pouco de logística da sua importância para o comércio internacional, uma analise do comércio exterior como um todo e os modais, e com essa base foi feito um trabalho bem fundamentado em autores. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo principal a analise de fatores de interveniência dos incoterms e a logística desses, trazendo para isso uma grande contribuição do autor do trabalho. Na metodologia foram usados autores de nome no assunto como, Balou, Keedir, Luz, alguns sites de grande importância como, OAB, FIESP, MDIC, entre outros. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Incoterms, Logística, Empresa.

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Stapleton, Drew M., Vivek Pande, Soumen Ghosh, and Uzay Damali. "Refining shippers’ dyadic cost, risk, and delivery responsibilities: The principal changes to INCOTERMS and a transaction cost focus for the future." Journal of Transportation Management 24, no. 2 (January 1, 2014): 7–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/jotm/1388534520.

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We first explore the changes in the latest version of Incoterms and explain why and how they have been refined to better capture contemporary global and domestic shipping practices and policies. Next we graphically explain each of the eleven INCOTERMS 2010 and specify exact delivery points, those critical points at which cost and risk responsibilities shift from the Seller to the Buyer. We then provide a discussion to better explain the application of the terms from a practitioner’s view and note that many shippers and freight forwarders still revert to long practiced shipping policies, leaving themselves vulnerable. We close by proposing future researchers build an expert system grounded primarily in Transaction Cost Economics with mechanisms from Game Theory in an attempt to better guide trading partners in using appropriate Incoterms.

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22

HANAS, Liubov, and Andrii TODOSHCHUK. "Features of formation and use of Incoterms rules in different editions." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 11/3 (November 27, 2020): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.11(3).9.

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Introduction. The globalization of the world space is an irreversible process and it requires clear generalizations and systematization. In the trade sphere, these are the rules of Incoterms. The study of these rules is quite an actual problem today, considering that nine interpretations have been formed, the last of which took place this year. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the editions of Incoterms, which are published by the International Chamber of Commerce in order to unify the rules of international trade. Results. As of January 1, 2020, nine editions of the rules of international and domestic trade were formed – Incoterms: 1936, 1953, 1967, 1974, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. The first systematization of the rules of international trade had six conditions (FAS, FOB, CNF, CIF, EXS, EXQ), which directly related to sea or river transport. The next edition took place only 17 years later. This edition adds three terms of delivery, that did not apply to water transport (FOT, FOR and DCP). The third edition was made in 1967, as a result DAF and DDP terms were added. The fourth edition was published in 1974. This led to the inclusion of a new term FOB Airport – «Free on Board Airport». In 1980, the term FRC (Free Carrier… Named at Point) was introduced. All versions of the rules before 1990 were based on the introduction of additional terms that would be convenient to use in international trade. And in 1990, the International Chamber of Commerce updated the list of Incoterms by eliminating inapplicable and introducing new terms. A new version of the rules was published in 2000, however, neither the quantity nor the names of the terms of delivery have changed. The interpretation of certain terms has changed. The eighth edition was made in 2010, but came into force on January 1, 2011. This interpretation presents eleven conditions of Incoterms. The eighth edition introduced significant changes into the group “D”. The ninth version of the terms of international deliveries came into force on January 1, 2020, indicating the main changes related to product insurance, replacement of delivery from the group “D”, changes in the order of items within the definition of obligations of buyer and seller, etc. Conclusions. The Incoterms rules do not replace the contract between the buyer and the seller, they only define the main obligations, risks and costs, unless otherwise agreed by the parties of the contract. Incoterms are extremely important in the unification of international trade and they will change in the process of international trade in case of occurrence of such a need.

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Shestakova, Marina P. "INTERNATIONAL TRADE PRACTICES: INCOTERMS 2020." Public international and private international law 2 (April 22, 2020): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3910-2020-2-9-12.

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Martín Castro, María Paz. "La nueva versión INCOTERMS 2020." Revista de Estudios Jurídicos y Criminológicos, no. 1 (2020): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25267/rejucrim.2020.i1.7.

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25

Karać, Vera. "Cargo insurance according to Incoterms 2020." Pravo i privreda 59, no. 2 (2021): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pip2102177k.

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In 2020, the new version of Incoterms trade terms came into force. The author raises the issue of the connection between these trade terms and cargo insurance. Th rough the concept of the sale of goods contract, in which some of the aforementioned trade terms are incorporated, the author provides an answer to the question who has a duty to conclude cargo insurance contract and in what way or who has an interest to do so. The provided analysis suggests that the Incoterms rules do not contain special rules regarding cargo insurance, but only guidelines for the seller what kind of insurance contract must be concluded according to CIF and CIP clauses, while other clauses contain a provision "without obligation". The most significant novelty is increasing the necessary insurance cover imposed by CIP clause. However, this does not make Incoterms 2020 a revolutionary version, but rather a development of earlier editions.

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Petrová, Michaela, Martina Krügerová, and Michal Kozieł. "NEW CHALLENGES IN INCOTERMS IN THE BACKGROUND OF THEIR HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT." ACC Journal 27, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/004/2021-2-008.

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INCOTERMS conditions are internationally recognized delivery clauses. Their advantage is comprehensibility and uniform interpretation by the contracting parties, as well as easy incorporation into the contract. An undeniable advantage is the regular update. The individual updates reflect trends in international business practice and therefore clarify or repeal existing clauses or introduce new ones as needed. The aim of the article is to evaluate the development of the INCOTERMS clauses on their historical development and their impact on international commercial law relations, and through this to outline possible future developments. The authors also consider whether, given the rapid technological progress, the current ten-year cycle of revision of the INCOTERMS clauses is appropriate or whether it is too long. Among the new trends, the authors point to new types of transport, especially unmanned drones, and the continuing trend of a transparent and secure logistics chain.

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Ruiz Costa, Juliana. "Aplicação dos Incoterms 2020 nos Contratos Internacionais." Revista de Direito Internacional e Globalização Econômica 9, no. 9 (August 5, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2526-6284/2022.v9n9.58640.

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O presente artigo traz um estudo sobre os Incoterms, em especial sua mais nova edição de 2020, bem como sua aplicabilidade aos contratos internacionais. O artigo busca analisar os diversos instrumentos que visam facilitar a aplicação dos Incoterms e as técnicas de redação contratual que fazem com que a aplicação destas regras nos contratos internacionais seja mais efetiva. Também busca analisar os métodos aplicáveis para que estes instrumentos sejam melhor utilizados pelos operadores do direito internacional.

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Coetzee, Juana. "The Interplay Between Incoterms® and the CISG." Journal of Law and Commerce 32, no. 1 (October 25, 2013): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jlc.2013.39.

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INCOTERMS® do not replace the CISG’s provisions on delivery and the passing of risk in toto, but merely supersede them in so far as they are mutually exclusive. For the rest, they function in tandem. Aspects which are not governed by the INCOTERMS® rules, or inadequately regulated, can be supplemented by the Convention, and vice versa. Collaboration between the two instruments strengthens the unified legal framework for international sales transactions with the view to facilitating international trade.

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Etibar oğlu Sırafilov, Murad. "International Incoterms Rules as a means of simplifying commercial procedures of trade Differences between 2000, 2010 and 2020." SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, no. 04 (April 23, 2021): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/301-304.

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In a globalized society, the economic integration of states and the expansion of foreign trade relations have led to increased attention and control over agreements in this area. Inappropriate drawing up of contracts will lead to long and costly cases between the parties in any dispute over the provisions. For this reason, in drafting these agreements, States must use standards that do not constitute a heavy responsibility for these parties and that the parties mutually agree on the risk of liability and loss by referring to what they want from these standard rules. These standards are known as incoterms. Also called International Commercial Terms. This study will provide an in-depth look at the differences between previous versions 2000 and 2010 of INCOTERMS 2020 and discuss the general meaning of these terms (International Commers Terms) used to refer to trade agreements with commercial entities. Key words:international trade, commercial procedure, Incoterms, term, simplification

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Stojanović, Đurđica M., and Jelena Ivetić. "Macrologistic performance and logistics commitments in sales contracts in international supply chains." International Journal of Logistics Management 31, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-12-2018-0323.

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PurposeThis study aims to illuminate the relationship between the logistic performance indexes (LPIs) of trade countries and sharing obligations related to logistics services in delivery among parties in international sales contracts.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive one-year database of Serbian international trade flows is used. The LPIs of 148 countries are related to the Incoterms® rules in international sales contracts that designate the division of obligations between exporters and importers for moving goods. Empirical data were subjected to statistical analysis, where nonparametric correlation and inferential methods were applied. The differences between countries with the highest and lowest LPIs were also examined.FindingsLPIs positively correlate with logistics commitments in exports and imports. Their impact on the choice of Incoterms® rules differs among the groups of trade terms. Waterway and D-terms are the most sensitive. LPIs of trade countries clearly impact “emission” and “attraction” of the most extended sellers' delivery obligation “packages,” expressed in D rules.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical data are limited to a single country. Further research must explore the relative impact of macrologistic factors on exporters and importers' logistics commitments for building better decision-making support tools.Practical implicationsThe results may support suppliers and buyers in sharing their experiences on Incoterms® practice and encourage more rational than intuitive decisions.Originality/valueThis is the first empirical study to quantitatively evidence the sensitivity of groups of Incoterms® rules on the macrologistic environment of trade countries.

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31

Huamán Sialer, Marco Antonio. "Comentarios a las innovaciones de los INCOTERMS 2010." LEX 11, no. 12 (April 17, 2014): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/lex.v11i12.30.

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El presente trabajo tiene por finalidad comentar de manera clara, simple y sintética las principales innovaciones contenidas en los INCOTERMS 2010 (Términos Comerciales Internacionales), Publicación 715 de la Cámara de Comercio internacional.Esta nueva publicación trae una serie de innovaciones que modernizan estos usos comerciales y que responden al dinamismo, cambio y avance del comercio internacional, facilitando con ello la conducta del tráfico internacional.El trabajo parte desde sus antecedentes y culmina con recomendaciones prácticas y un breve análisis de la legislación nacional pertinente.Palabras clave: INCOTERMS 2010, CCI, DAT, DAP.

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Öztürk, Lamiha, and Emine Öztürk. "Incoterms 2020 ve 2010 un Mukayeseli Analizi - A Comparative Analysis of Incoterms 2020 and 2010." Turk Turizm Arastirmalari Dergisi 4, no. 1 (January 3, 2021): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26677/tr1010.2021.639.

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Bergami, Roberto, and Lucie Tichá. "Managing Incoterms® 2020 export risks." International Journal of Economics and Business Research 1, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijebr.2022.10036282.

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ERCAN, Tayfun. "Incoterms 2020 Kılavuzundaki Teslim Şekillerinin Analizi." Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences 20, no. 3 (July 29, 2021): 1187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21547/jss.885831.

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Hermann, A. H. "New Incoterms and New Trade Pacts." European Business Law Review 2, Issue 4 (April 1, 1991): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr1991037.

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Magnus, Ulrich, and Jan Lüsing. "CISG und INCOTERMS, Leistungsverzug und Fixgeschäft." Internationales Handelsrecht 7, no. 1 (January 24, 2007): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ihr.2007.7.1.1.

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Silva, Enderson Rafael Paula da, and Renato Samuel Barbosa de Araújo. "LOGÍSTICA E FATORES INTERVENIENTES DOS INCOTERMS." Observatório - Monografias em Comércio Exterior 1, no. 2 (December 22, 2009): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.15628/observatorio.2009.287.

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Stapleton, Drew M., and Virginie Saulnier. "Defining dyadic cost and risk in international trade: a review of incoterms 2000 with strategic implications." Journal of Transportation Management 11, no. 2 (September 1, 1999): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/jotm/936144240.

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As trade markets continue to expand due to developments in transportation and logistics technologies, distribution networks extend well beyond national frontiers. With obstacles such as distance, language, and business customs, allocation of legal responsibility between a buyer and a seller of goods becomes even more crucial in international commerce. This document is presented in three general sections. Reviewing the basics, including definition, origin, use and classifications of INCOTERMS constitutes the first section. The second section describes and analyzes the differences between each of the 13 INCOTERMS 2000. Lastly, the changes introduced by the 2000 revision are studied in more detail in section three and implications are proffered.

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Torres, Mara Cristina, and Maricê Leo Sartori Balducci. "TERMOS INTERNACIONAIS DE COMÉRCIO – INCOTERMS®: COMPARATIVO 2010 E 2020 E VIABILIDADE DO GRUPO D NAS IMPORTAÇÕES BRASILEIRAS." South American Development Society Journal 7, no. 21 (December 10, 2021): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.24325/issn.2446-5763.v7i21p270-285.

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O presente artigo tem o objetivo de estudar os termos técnicos que regem as operações de comércio internacional, denominados de Incoterms®, publicados pela Câmara Internacional de Comércio (CCI). Com ênfase nas últimas duas edições, será elaborado um comparativo entre 2010 e 2020 e o estudo da viabilidade de uso dos termos do Grupo D da edição de 2020 nas importações brasileiras do ponto de vista da legislação local. A metodologia utilizada para realização desse artigo foi revisão bibliográfica e material disponível em meios eletrônicos. Como resposta ao problema, verificou-se situações conflitantes entre os Incoterms® edição 2020 do Grupo D e a legislação brasileira para importações.

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Fišer-Šobot, Sandra. "ICC Rules for the use of domestic and international trade terms: INCOTERMS 2020." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 60, no. 91 (2021): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfn0-33249.

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The use of trade terms in sales contracts, especially international sales contracts, is customary and very common since it contributes to the acceleration of business transactions, concurrently increasing their certainty and predictability. The ICC Rules for the use of domestic and international trade terms -INCOTERMS 2020 have been in effective use since 1 January 2020. Their goal is to enable the development of global trade in an easier, more effective and safer manner. In this paper, the author analyses the development, importance and legal nature of INCOTERMS, with special reference to its current 2020 revision and particular focus on the seller's obligation to deliver the goods and risk transfer from the seller to the buyer.

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Sugiono, Ahmad, Agus Rahayu, and Lili Adi Wibowo. "Environmental Uncertainty Factor, Incoterm and Implication For A Strategic Alliance In Freight Forwarder Companies Case Study In Indonesia." Asian Journal of Logistics Management 1, no. 1 (May 23, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ajlm.2022.14230.

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The study analyzes the effect of environmental uncertainty and incoterms on strategic alliances. The population in this study is a freight forwarder company on the island of Java that has a global alliance. The research sample is 50 companies engaged in international freight forwarders. Based on answers from respondents were analyzed according to the research model developed from the theoretical framework using the structural equation model Smart-PLS approach. The analysis results show that environmental uncertainty and Incoterm positively and significantly affect strategic alliances. The alliance strategy will impact when the main priority is the risk-sharing aspect, the risk management factor from the incoterm aspect, and the market turbulence on the environmental uncertainty factor. Novelty in this study is the positive impact of Incoterm on the alliance strategy, especially for International freight forwarders. This research contributes to the factors considered in strategic alliances in the freight forwarder industry. It also contributes to the company's strategy, especially sales managers, to pay attention to international trade terms in segmenting and selecting target consumers to be more effective in improving alliance performance. The limitations of this study include 1) The sample size used is only a small number of companies engaged in international Freight Forwarder services, only 50 companies; 2) The data used in this research is through the distribution of questionnaires based on perceptual analysis units; 3) Other factors that are outside the model are not all studied, while the possibility of these factors can affect the existing significance test.

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BARROS, Ellen Galliano de. "INCOTERMS: UMA PERSPECTIVA DE UNIFORMIZAÇÃO DA REGULAMENTAÇÃO DO COMÉRCIO INTERNACIONAL." Percurso 1, no. 28 (January 28, 2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/revpercurso.2316-7521.v1i28.3425.

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RESUMOO presente estudo pretende analisar a importância do Incoterms como modelo da unificação da regulamentação que trata do comércio internacional, diante do cenário marcado pela globalização socioeconômica e do avanço tecnológico. Nesta perspectiva, cumpre destacar a evolução do comércio internacional acompanhado do desenvolvimento das formas contratuais de compra e venda internacional, de modo a analisar o nascimento da Lex mercatoria, durante a Idade Média, até chegar as influências da atual Era da mundialização com o aprimoramento das práticas mercantis. Assim, a Lex mercatoria, conjunto de regras criado pelos próprios mercadores com base nos usos e costumes, tem recebido nova roupagem, a partir da inclusão de novas fontes, tendo em vista a pretensão de unificação do regramento que abarca as transações comerciais entre os países. Por este motivo, o objetivo central do artigo é a exibição do Incoterms, que é caracterizado por termos internacionais empregados no contrato de prática mercantil, desenvolvido por organização internacional não governamental, com propósito de facilitar a exportação e importação de bens, reduzir os custos do negócio jurídico, afastar obstáculos para o crescimento econômico dos Estados e, acima de tudo, eliminar as incertezas da legislação aplicável a cada caso e as divergências entre as partes. Entretanto, embora o instituto em comento demonstre a harmonização do regramento sobre a mercancia exterior, merece implementação e melhoria em seu conteúdo, a fim de traçar todas as situações fáticas que podem ocorrer no momento da execução do contrato, sem ser visto tão somente como uma cláusula contratual sem autonomia jurídica necessária. Isto posto, o foco direciona-se ao estudo do contexto marcado, de um lado, pela emergência da harmonização das regras influenciadas pela Globalização e, por outro lado, pela aparição do Incoterms, nos moldes da nova Lex mercatoria, que ainda não possui a devida força de aplicação. Nesse sentido, o procedimento metodológico utilizado é o dedutivo-indutivo, em virtude da investigação do problema com suporte doutrinário e jurisprudencial. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Comércio Internacional; Unificação das Regras; Incoterms. ABSTRACT The present study intends to analyze the importance of Incoterms as a model of the unification of the regulation that deals with the international trade, in the scenario marked by socioeconomic globalization and the technological advance. In this perspective, it is important to highlight the evolution of international trade, accompanied by the development of contractual forms of international buying and selling, in order to analyze the birth of Lex mercatoria during the Middle Ages until the influences of the current era of globalization and the improvement of market practices. Thus, Lex mercatoria, a set of rules created by the merchants themselves on the basis of customs and customs, has been given new coverage, from the inclusion of new sources, with a view to the unification of the regulation that covers commercial transactions between countries . For this reason, the central objective of the article is the exhibition of Incoterms, which is characterized by international terms used in the commercial practice contract, developed by international nongovernmental organization, with the purpose of facilitating the export and import of goods, reduce costs of the legal transaction, to remove obstacles to the economic growth of the States and, above all, to eliminate the uncertainties of the legislation applicable to each case and the differences between the parties. However, although the institute in question demonstrates the harmonization of the regulation on external merchandise, it deserves implementation and improvement in its content, in order to trace all the factual situations that may occur at the time of contract execution, without being seen as only one contractual clause without the necessary legal autonomy. The focus, therefore, is on the context, on the one hand, of the emergence of the harmonization of rules influenced by Globalization and, on the other hand, on the appearance of Incoterms, along the lines of the new Lex mercatoria, which does not yet have the application force. In this sense, the methodological procedure used is deductive-inductive, due to the investigation of the problem with doctrinal and jurisprudential support. KEYWORDS: International Trade; Unification of the Rules; Incoterms.

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Lovrić, Ivana. "Osigurljiv interes prema novim INCOTERMS pravilima (2010)." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu 54, no. 1 (February 23, 2017): 301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31141/zrpfs.2017.54.123.301.

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U radu se s teorijskog i praktičnog stajališta prikazuju i analiziraju novi termini Incotermsa iz 2010. godine. Iznose se osnovna opća obilježja nove revizije i posebna obilježja pojedinih termina, te se ukazuje na razlike u odnosu na termine Incotermsa iz 2000. godine. Posebno se ukazuje i teoretski obrazlažu odredbe o dužnostima stranaka u odnosu na sklapanje ugovora o osiguranju i ugovora o prijevozu robe. Iznose se i obrazlažu kriteriji za ocjenu koja od stranaka iz kupoprodajnog odnosa u primjeni pojedinih ugovornih termina ima interes za osiguranje robe u prijevozu. Kod obrade pojedinih termina daje se ocjena o njihovoj pogodnosti za uporabu kod prijevoza pojedinim vrstama prometa. Na kraju se ocjenjuje da pravila Incotermsa iz 2010. godine više odgovaraju potrebama suvremene poslovne prakse nego pravila prethodne revizije, te se njihova uporaba preporučuje našim gospodarstvenicima.

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Kwangmyung Woo. "Incoterms® 2010의 해상매매조건과주요 표준계약서에 관한 연구." Journal of International Trade & Commerce 11, no. 4 (September 2015): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.11.4.201509.161.

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Herczeg, László. "The Incoterms 2010 and Risk Management Strategies." Gazdaság és Társadalom 2012, Különszám (2012): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21637/gt.2012.00.03.

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Ortega Giménez, Alfonso. "El valor jurídico del INCOTERM “EXW”, a propósito del Auto de la Audiencia Provincial de Oviedo, de 27 de junio de 2019 = The legal value of INCOTERM “EXW”, on the purpose of the Provincial Audience of Oviedo, June 27, 2019." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 12, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2020.5211.

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Resumen: Los INCOTERMS son una de los elementos más usados en las relaciones comerciales internacionales desde muchos años atrás; su uso es tan frecuente que la jurisprudencia española los ha analizado en diversas ocasiones; es el caso del Auto de la Audiencia Provincial de Oviedo, sección Séptima, de 27 de junio de 2019, que confirma la decisión del Juzgado que declaró la falta de competencia internacional de los Tribunales españoles, entendiendo que a quien corresponde conocer del asunto es a los Tribunales de Meeuwen-Gruitrode (Flandes-Bélgica), el recurso de apelación se alza contra el auto dictado por el Juzgado de Primera Instancia nº 2 de Gijón, que resuelve en sentido estimatorio la declinatoria planteada por la parte demandada, acordando el archivo de la causa, no por una falta de competencia territorial, como erróneamente señala la apelada en su oposición a la apelación, sino por una falta de competencia internacional, al considerar que el conocimiento de la causa correspondería a los Tribunales belgas. Palabras clave: INCOTERMS, Comercio internacional, contratos internacionales, competencia judicial internacional. Abstract: INCOTERMS are one of the most used elements in international trade relations since many years ago; their use is so frequent that Spanish jurisprudence has analyzed on several occasions; This is the case of the Order of the Provincial Court of Oviedo, Seventh section, of June 27, 2019, which confirms the decision of the Court that declared the lack of international jurisdiction of the Spanish Courts, understanding that who is responsible for knowing the matter is a the Courts of Meeuwen-Gruitrode (Flanders-Belgium). The appeal is raised against the order issued by the Court of First Instance No. 2 of Gijón, which resolves in an estimated sense the declination raised by the defendant, agreeing to file the case, not for a lack of territorial jurisdiction, as erroneously points out the appeal in its opposition to the appeal, but for a lack of international competence, considering that the knowledge of the case would correspond to the Belgian Courts. Keywords: INCOTERMS, international trade, international contracts, international judicial jurisdiction.

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Constantinovits, Milán, and Zsuzsa Vladár. "A terminológia rendszerező elvének változása az INCOTERMS tükrében." Magyar Terminológia 6, no. 1 (June 2013): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/materm.6.2013.1.4.

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Calderón Marenco, Eduardo Andrés. "Los Incoterms a través de la Autonomía Conflictual." Derecho Global. Estudios sobre Derecho y Justicia 5, no. 13 (November 10, 2019): 87–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/dgedj.v0i13.245.

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En las últimas décadas, en el seno de la sociedad de comerciantes se ha instaurado un nuevo ordenamiento jurídico, permitiendo el resurgimiento de la Lex Mercatoria como fuente de este Derecho. Ello ha generado un amplio debate en torno a la aparición de la nueva Lex Mercatoria en el Derecho mercantil internacional, discutiéndose, entre muchos aspectos, su papel en el sistema de fuentes jurídicas y, en consecuencia, su aptitud para ser fuente de Derecho en la resolución de los conflictos mercantiles tanto en el ámbito jurisdiccional Estatal como en el plano arbitral. Antes de esto, es necesario exponer las razones de la vigencia de la autonomía conflictual en este sector, y analizar las condiciones y las consecuencias de una elección del derecho aplicable en el Derecho de los contratos internacionales, así como sus límites, los que llevará a determinar la aplicación de la Lex Mercatoria en virtud de la autonomía conflictual de las partes y, más específicamente, la elección de los Incoterms como manifestación de este nuevo ordenamiento jurídico.

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Bergami, Roberto. "Incoterms 2010: The Newest Revision of Delivery Terms." Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis 15, no. 2 (April 15, 2013): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32725/acta.2012.012.

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Matvieiev, Petro, Olga Klepikova, Liudmila Kornuta, Mahir Abbaszade, and Serhii Kuznetsov. "Public and private economic and legal interests in the field of international transport in the latest edition of Incoterms." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 46 (October 25, 2021): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.46.10.22.

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The article examines the importance of maintaining a balance of public and private interests when using "autonomy of will" in international trade. The relevance of this study is because the field of international transport is dynamic (closely related to the economy), the sphere of public activity that requires constant monitoring and updating. Purpose: to investigate the process of implementation of economic and legal tasks in the field of international transportation, taking into account the entry into force of the new version of the Code of Trade Rules - Incoterms. Methodology: logical-semantic, historical, analytical, comparative analysis, and synthesis. Research results: such foreign economic activity as international transportation is considered, the basic conditions of Incoterms 2020 terms concerning international transportations and conditions of realization by contractors of the economic-legal interests through observance of these conditions are allocated and analyzed in detail. The work can be used in preparation for the conclusion of a foreign trade agreement.

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