Academic literature on the topic 'Increasing compactness'
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Journal articles on the topic "Increasing compactness"
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Zhan, Gao Feng, Zhen Gao, Fu Zhu, and Wei Zhi Dong. "Experimental Research on Influencing Factors of Remolded Fine Soil Strength." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.321.
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In order to research on the influence law of fine soil strength affected by plasticity index, moisture content,compactness, the unconfined compressive resilient modulus of the soil is as the evaluation index of remolded soil strength. Three fine soils with different plasticity index are selected from field. Test scheme was obtained with the method of orthogonal design. By the static molding method,the soil sample was compacted from the prescriptive moisture content and compactness. The unconfined compressive resilient modulus of the soil sample were tested respectively. The experiments show that sort of influencing factors is plasticity index, moisture content, compactness. With the increase of plasticity index, remolded soil strength increases and increasing extent is significantly large. With the increase of moisture content, remolded soil strength decreases and increasing extent is larger. With the increase of compactness, soil subgrade strength increases, but increasing extent is significantly small.The exponential function is adopted for multiple nonlinear fitting. The relationship between the unconfined compressive resilient modulus and plasticity index, moisture content, compactness is obtained and shows a good correlation.
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Klimov, Roman, and Kyrylo Pogorelyy. "INFLUENCE OF DETERMINING FACTORS ON THE COMPACTNESS COEFFICIENT OF HEATERS." Collection of scholarly papers of Dniprovsk State Technical University (Technical Sciences) 2, no. 45 (2024): 157–63. https://doi.org/10.31319/2519-2884.45.2024.17.
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Intensification of production processes in general is a generally recognized direction of technical progress in modern times. Finding new ways to intensify processes and developing effective heat exchangers are urgent problems and are of great industrial importance. To increase the capacity of enterprises, heat exchangers must be efficient, compact, and have a small metal content. Intensification of heat exchange in some cases allows solving all these problems. It allows increasing the productivity of devices, reducing their dimensions and metal content, reducing production areas and the size of industrial buildings. This also leads to a decrease in operating costs and an increase in capital efficiency. The work determines the influence of such factors as the length of one finned tube, the bearing diameter of the tube finning and the finning ratio on the optimal design of a compressed air heater in terms of the heater compactness coefficient. The greatest influence on the compactness coefficient is the pipe finning ratio. Changing the length of one tube does not radically affect the value of the compactness coefficient. The largest values of the compactness coefficient can be achieved by increasing the tube finning coefficient and reducing the length of one tube and its diameter. A method for determining the optimal heater design based on such a parameter as the compactness coefficient is presented. The obtained equation allows you to determine the influence of such factors as the length of the finned tube, the bearing diameter of the finned tube and the finning coefficient on the optimal design of the heat exchanger by the compactness coefficient. Using the developed method, you can analyze the value of the compactness coefficient in a fairly simple formulation, using various combinations of the factors listed above, and optimize the design of the heat exchanger.
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Cakalli, Huseyin. "-Ward Continuity." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/680456.
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A function is continuous if and only if preserves convergent sequences; that is, is a convergent sequence whenever is convergent. The concept of -ward continuity is defined in the sense that a function is -ward continuous if it preserves -quasi-Cauchy sequences; that is, is an -quasi-Cauchy sequence whenever is -quasi-Cauchy. A sequence of points in , the set of real numbers, is -quasi-Cauchy if , where , and is a lacunary sequence, that is, an increasing sequence of positive integers such that and . A new type compactness, namely, -ward compactness, is also, defined and some new results related to this kind of compactness are obtained.
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Shikhamany, S. D., V. Swapnil Borade, K. Sanjay Jeughale, and Suryakant Y. Patil. "Increasing the Efficacy of GA3 Sprays in Cluster Elongation and Berry Thinning in Tas-A-Ganesh Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) in Tropical Viticulture." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 13, no. 1 (2018): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.2018.v13i01.009.
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In view of the stage specificity for the efficacy of blanket sprays of GA3 for berry thinning, a field trial was laid out to achieve uniform flowering in Tas-A-Ganesh grapevines subjected to chemical defoliation prior to and hydrogen cyanamide application at fruit pruning in the double pruning and single cropping system during 2013-14 and 2014-15 fruiting seasons in growers’ vineyards around Nashik, Maharashtra by removing the un-uniformly thick canes. GA3 at different doses was sprayed two or three times to address the variation in uniform flowering, if any in cluster elongation and reducing the berry number/cluster. Cane regulation and GA3 sprays were used to achieve uniformity in bud break and flowering. Cluster compactness was derived by multiplying the number of berries/ cm length of rachis with berry diameter. Regression analysis of the variation has revealed that the cane diameter, through uniformity in bud break, influenced the uniformity in flowering which in turn influenced the cluster compactness through increased efficacy of blanket GA3 sprays in reducing the berry number/ cluster. Based on the optimum values of the contributory factors to cluster compactness, cane removal coupled with two blanket sprays of GA3 @ 30 g a.i./ha or retention of all canes coupled with three blanket sprays of GA3 @ 20 g a.i./ha was found to be ideal to obtain loose to well filled clusters. Taking together into account the effect of treatments on cluster compactness, yield and quality, retention of all canes coupled with three sprays of GA3 @ 20 g a.i./ha was considered appropriate for table grape production in Tas-A-Ganesh cv. of grapes.
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Shikhamany, S. D., V. Swapnil Borade, K. Sanjay Jeughale, and Suryakant Y. Patil. "Increasing the Efficacy of GA3 Sprays in Cluster Elongation and Berry Thinning in Tas-A-Ganesh Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) in Tropical Viticulture." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 13, no. 1 (2018): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v13i1.43.
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In view of the stage specificity for the efficacy of blanket sprays of GA3 for berry thinning, a field trial was laid out to achieve uniform flowering in Tas-A-Ganesh grapevines subjected to chemical defoliation prior to and hydrogen cyanamide application at fruit pruning in the double pruning and single cropping system during 2013-14 and 2014-15 fruiting seasons in growers’ vineyards around Nashik, Maharashtra by removing the un-uniformly thick canes. GA3 at different doses was sprayed two or three times to address the variation in uniform flowering, if any in cluster elongation and reducing the berry number/cluster. Cane regulation and GA3 sprays were used to achieve uniformity in bud break and flowering. Cluster compactness was derived by multiplying the number of berries/ cm length of rachis with berry diameter. Regression analysis of the variation has revealed that the cane diameter, through uniformity in bud break, influenced the uniformity in flowering which in turn influenced the cluster compactness through increased efficacy of blanket GA3 sprays in reducing the berry number/ cluster. Based on the optimum values of the contributory factors to cluster compactness, cane removal coupled with two blanket sprays of GA3 @ 30 g a.i./ha or retention of all canes coupled with three blanket sprays of GA3 @ 20 g a.i./ha was found to be ideal to obtain loose to well filled clusters. Taking together into account the effect of treatments on cluster compactness, yield and quality, retention of all canes coupled with three sprays of GA3 @ 20 g a.i./ha was considered appropriate for table grape production in Tas-A-Ganesh cv. of grapes.
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Jiang, Yingjun, Jiangtao Fan, Yong Yi, Tian Tian, Kejia Yuan, and Changqing Deng. "Investigation on cement-improved phyllite based on the vertical vibration compaction method." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (2021): e0247599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247599.
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The vertical vibration compaction method (VVCM), heavy compaction method and static pressure method were used to form phyllite specimens with different degrees of weathering. The influence of cement content, compactness, and compaction method on the mechanical properties of phyllite was studied. The mechanical properties of phyllite was evaluated in terms of unconfined compressive strength (Rc) and modulus of resilience (Ec). Further, test roads were paved along an expressway in China to demonstrate the feasibility of the highly weathered phyllite improvement technology. Results show that unweathered phyllite can be used as subgrade filler. In spite of increasing compactness, phyllite with a higher degree of weathering cannot meet the requirements for subgrade filler. With increasing cement content, Rc and Ec of the improved phyllite increases linearly. Rc and Ec increase by at least 15% and 17%, respectively, for every 1% increase in cement content and by at least 10% and 6%, respectively, for every 1% increase in compactness. The higher the degree of weathering of phyllite, the greater the degree of improvement of its mechanical properties.
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James R., Arthur M., Wenqiao Yuan, Duo Wang, Donghai Wang, and Ajay Kumar. "The Effect of Gasification Conditions on the Surface Properties of Biochar Produced in a Top-Lit Updraft Gasifier." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (2020): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020688.
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The effect of airflow rate, biomass moisture content, particle size, and compactness on the surface properties of biochar produced in a top-lit updraft gasifier was investigated. Pine woodchips were studied as the feedstock. The carbonization airflow rates from 8 to 20 L/min were found to produce basic biochars (pH > 7.0) that contained basic functional groups. No acid functional groups were presented when the airflow increased. The surface charge of biochar at varying airflow rates showed that the cation exchange capacity increased with airflow. The increase in biomass moisture content from 10 to 14% caused decrease in the pH from 12 to 7.43, but the smallest or largest particle sizes resulted in low pH; therefore, the carboxylic functional groups increased. Similarly, the biomass compactness exhibited a negative correlation with the pH that reduced with increasing compactness level. Thus, the carboxylic acid functional groups of biochar increased from 0 to 0.016 mmol g−1, and the basic functional group decreased from 0.115 to 0.073 mmol g−1 when biomass compactness force increased from 0 to 3 kg. BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area of biochar was greater at higher airflow and smaller particle size, lower moisture content, and less compactness of the biomass.
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Nelson, Paul V., Cheon-Young Song, Jinsheng Huang, Carl E. Niedziela, and William H. Swallow. "Relative Effects of Fertilizer Nitrogen Form and Phosphate Level on Control of Bedding Plant Seedling Growth." HortScience 47, no. 2 (2012): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.2.249.
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Fertilizers with a high proportion of nitrogen (N) in the nitrate (NO3–) form are used in the ornamental industry to promote compactness in plants. Although the common belief is that it is the high proportion of NO3– that causes compactness, these formulations also contain no or a low level of phosphate, which can also cause compactness. This study was conducted to assess the relative effects of NO3– to ammonium (NH4+) ratio and phosphate supply, as found in high NO3– fertilizers, on seedling shoot growth. A series of fertilizers was formulated in which the level of phosphate and proportion of N in the NO3– form were varied factorially. Additionally, commercial fertilizers varying in these same two nutrient components were tested to verify the results obtained using the formulated fertilizers. Test plants included gomphrena (Gomphrena globosa L.), impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hook. F.), petunia (Petunia ×hybrida Juss.), marigold (Tagetes erecta L.), and tomato (Solanum esculentum Mill.) grown as plug seedling crops. A strong inverse relationship occurred between the supply of phosphate and extent of compactness. The relationship between proportion of N in the NO3– form and compactness was comparatively small. In most comparisons within the study, shoot size increased with increasing proportion of NO3–, contrary to common belief. These data indicate that it is the limited phosphate level in high NO3– fertilizers that accounts for compactness rather than the high proportion of N in the NO3– form.
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Estevez-Delgado, Joaquin, Rafael Soto-Espitia, Arthur Cleary-Balderas, and Aurelio Taméz Murguía. "Compact stars described by a charged model." International Journal of Modern Physics D 29, no. 03 (2020): 2050022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271820500224.
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A charged stellar model is presented by constructing a solution to the Einstein–Maxwell equations system in a spherically symmetrical static time-space. The rate of compactness for the model depends on two parameters [Formula: see text], one of them [Formula: see text] associated to the charge, which allows a value of compactness [Formula: see text] higher than the neutral case. The density and pressure are regular functions, positive and monotonically decreasing and the function of charge is positive regular and monotonically increasing, its shown that the model satisfies the condition of causality, the geometry is regular and as such the model is physically acceptable. Although the model can be applicable for a variety of stars, considering a star with mass [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] the range of compactness is [Formula: see text] and radius [Formula: see text], in this case the range of values for the central density is [Formula: see text] greater than the value of the nuclear density and consistent with that expected for stars with this compactness rate.
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Li, Jungang, Guozhen Lu, and Maochun Zhu. "Concentration-Compactness Principle for Trudinger–Moser’s Inequalities on Riemannian Manifolds and Heisenberg Groups: A Completely Symmetrization-Free Argument." Advanced Nonlinear Studies 21, no. 4 (2021): 917–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ans-2021-2147.
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Abstract The concentration-compactness principle for the Trudinger–Moser-type inequality in the Euclidean space was established crucially relying on the Pólya–Szegő inequality which allows to adapt the symmetrization argument. As far as we know, the first concentration-compactness principle of Trudinger–Moser type in non-Euclidean settings, such as the Heisenberg (and more general stratified) groups where the Pólya–Szegő inequality fails, was found in [J. Li, G. Lu and M. Zhu, Concentration-compactness principle for Trudinger–Moser inequalities on Heisenberg groups and existence of ground state solutions, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 57 2018, 3, Paper No. 84] by developing a nonsmooth truncation argument. In this paper, we establish the concentration-compactness principle of Trudinger–Moser type on any compact Riemannian manifolds as well as on the entire complete noncompact Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature lower bound. Our method is a symmetrization-free argument on Riemannian manifolds where the Pólya–Szegő inequality fails. This method also allows us to give a completely symmetrization-free argument on the entire Heisenberg (or stratified) groups which refines and improves a proof in the paper of Li, Lu and Zhu. Our results also show that the bounds for the suprema in the concentration-compactness principle on compact manifolds are continuous and monotone increasing with respect to the volume of the manifold.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Increasing compactness"
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Basta, D. "Increasing robustness, compactness and cost-effectiveness of edge-illumination X-ray phase contrast imaging as a key step towards translation into real-world applications." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1566821/.
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Novel laboratory implementations of the Edge Illumination X-Ray Phase Contrast imaging (EI-XPCi) method were presented in this thesis, with the aim of facilitating its commercial translation. A portable system, based on compact piezoelectric motors, was developed to enable the easy transportation of the setup. Tests on the system positioning accuracy were presented, and images of standard samples were benchmarked against those obtained with the existing prototype based on stepper motors. An alternative EI implementation, which simultaneously allows the use of cheaper X-ray sources and the realisation of more compact setups, was also presented. An additional ``source mask'' introduced in a standard EI setup allows to section the large focal spot of a conventional tube into multiple sub-sources, creating a corresponding number of spatially shifted images, which need to be disentangled through dedicated algorithms. A proof-of-principle experiment provided results in agreement with simulated predictions, demonstrating the feasibility of the approach. A quantitative study on the dependence of the angular sensitivity on the source-to-detector distance (at constant system magnification, tube settings and total exposure time) was also presented. Results of a simulation based on the assumption of Poisson-distributed noise in the images (valid for photon counting detectors) were compared with experimental ones obtained by using an integrating detector. The observed discrepancies were successfully related to the additional noise sources present in an integrating detector, thus indirectly validating the simulation model. The adaptation of EI with a laser-plasma source was investigated through a proof-of-concept experiment, with the aim of realizing a system providing a synchrotron-like performance with a more compact and accessible setup. Non-ideal experimental conditions affecting the system performance were discussed, while the results of the source characterization were used to establish some basic requirements that must be satisfied to successfully implement EI with these ``new generation'' X-ray sources.
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Wu, Jyun-Yi, and 吳俊易. "Increasing Compactness Of Deep Learning Based Speech Enhancement Models With Parameter Pruning And Quantization Techniques." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rjz956.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>電子工程學研究所<br>107<br>Most recent studies on deep learning based speech enhancement (SE) focused on improving denoising performance. However, successful SE applications require striking a desirable balance between denoising performance and computational cost in real scenarios. In this study, we propose a novel parameter pruning (PP) technique, which removes redundant channels in a neural network. In addition, a parameter quantization (PQ) technique was applied to reduce the size of a neural network by representing weights with fewer cluster centroids. Because the techniques are derived based on different concepts, the PP and PQ can be integrated to provide even more compact SE models. The experimental results show that the PP and PQ techniques produce a compacted SE model with a size of only 10.03% compared to that of the original model, resulting in minor performance losses of 1.43% (from 0.70 to 0.69) for STOI and 3.24% (from 1.85 to 1.79) for PESQ. The promising results suggest that the PP and PQ techniques can be used in a SE system in devices with limited storage and computation resources.
Book chapters on the topic "Increasing compactness"
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Zhao, Zemin, Lihua Wang, Hongyi Huang, Yang Chu, and Hao Tang. "Influence of the Compactness on the Mechanical Properties of Ballasted Track." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia231304.
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Compactness is one of the indexes to measure ballast stability, and the dynamic stabilization operation parameters change with the initial ballast compactness. To improve the operation efficiency of the dynamic stabilization unit, a coupling model of dynamic stabilization unit-ballast was established by using the discrete element-finite element coupling method. The single-factor method was adopted to study the influence of different initial compactness on the mechanical characteristics of ballasted bed during the dynamic stabilization unit operation. The dynamic stabilization unit test rig was built to verify the rationality of the simulation model. Through simulation and experimental verification, the results show that the ballast lateral resistance increases with initial compactness and the ballast vertical displacement decreases with increasing compactness. When the sleeper is in the left and right pole position, the ballast particle force angle under the sleeper is 35°, and the ballast force error in the left and right pole position is reduced by 14.2% when the compactness is 0.654.
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Chen, Deqi, Lian Hu, Feng Jin, and Hao Zeng. "Applications of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle for Nuclear Engineering." In Handbook of Research on Advancements in Supercritical Fluids Applications for Sustainable Energy Systems. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5796-9.ch020.
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Supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle is attracting increasing attention in various energy conversion systems due to its high cycle efficiency and high compactness. This chapter performs a review about the application of supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle in nuclear engineering. The different cycle layouts developed from the original direct Brayton cycle are presented, in which the recompression cycle is the most typical layout. The thermodynamic analysis approach is discussed for the direct cycle and recompression cycle. Moreover, the key facilities, including heat transfer, compressor, and turbine, are outlined for the application of Brayton cycle in nuclear engineering.
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Sine, Rengim. "New Communication Technologies." In Handbook of Research on Children's Consumption of Digital Media. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5733-3.ch008.
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From the onset of the digital dawn, visually constructed new communication technologies, in particular social networks, have occupied a significant place in the lives of children. With increasing compactness of digital technologies, its availability increased also and helped social networks to a central role in the lives of adults and children as well. The shrinking of technology enabled most families to afford a tablet for their children who used the technology for starting an active social network life. This process brought with it endless debates about the actual control conditions of the children's usage and those conditions that were advisable. This study utilized in-depth interviews with six parents of children in the 4-7 age group, consisting a focus group to define the motives of adults who enabled their children with access to “digital technologies” and “social networks.”
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Kalaiyarasan, R., Rasheeda Bibi, and G. Nagarajan. "An Exclusive Survey on Metamaterial-Based Fractal Antennas for Wireless Applications." In Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-2659-6.ch002.
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Fractal geometry has emerged as a promising technique for optimizing microstrip patch antennas, meeting the increasing demand for compactness and efficiency in wireless communication systems. This involves incorporating fractal elements into conventional microstrip patch antenna designs, highlighting methods for achieving compact, multiband operation. When combined with fractal antennas, metamaterials enable unprecedented control over electromagnetic wave manipulation, improving control over the antenna's radiation pattern, polarization, and frequency response. The combination of fractal antennas and metamaterials presents an intriguing opportunity for advancing antenna design with the potential for enhanced performance, reduced size, and increased effectiveness. Metamaterials are artificially created materials that possess unique features that are not present in materials that occur naturally. These devices can be engineered to control electromagnetic waves in non-traditional manners resulting in a wide range of uses in antennas and other areas.
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Yan, Xiaopeng, Song Deng, Mingguo Peng, et al. "Constructing a Tough Shield around the Wellbore by Stabilizing the Multi-Scale Structure of Granular Plugging Zone in Deep Fractured Reservoirs." In Oil and Gas Wells - Recent Advances in Drilling and Completion Technologies [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.112511.
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Fracture plugging zone with low strength is one of the key reasons for plugging failure in deep fractured reservoirs. Forming a high-strength plugging zone is a key engineering problem to be solved in wellbore strengthening. In this chapter, wellbore strengthening mechanisms of plugging zone for wellbore strengthening in deep fractured reservoirs are revealed from a relationship between mechanical structure and strength standpoint. Physical granular bridging materials dislocation and crushing under pressure fluctuation induce the strong force chains network failure, which leads to macroscale friction or shear failure of plugging zone. The main methods to improve microscale materials stability are to increase friction resistance, exert embedding effect, and strengthen bonding effect. Factors, which strengthen the meso-structure stability, include increasing shear strength and proportion of strong force chains. Key measures to strengthen the macrostructure stability of plugging zone are by improving its compactness, controlling its length, and ensuring the stability timeliness.
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Arun, Arvindh, Aakash Aanegola, Amul Agrawal, Ramasuri Narayanam, and Ponnurangam Kumaraguru. "CAFIN: Centrality Aware Fairness Inducing IN-Processing for Unsupervised Representation Learning on Graphs." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia230259.
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Unsupervised Representation Learning on graphs is gaining traction due to the increasing abundance of unlabelled network data and the compactness, richness, and usefulness of the representations generated. In this context, the need to consider fairness and bias constraints while generating the representations has been well-motivated and studied to some extent in prior works. One major limitation of most of the prior works in this setting is that they do not aim to address the bias generated due to connectivity patterns in the graphs, such as varied node centrality, which leads to a disproportionate performance across nodes. In our work, we aim to address this issue of mitigating bias due to inherent graph structure in an unsupervised setting. To this end, we propose CAFIN, a centrality-aware fairness-inducing framework that leverages the structural information of graphs to tune the representations generated by existing frameworks. We deploy it on GraphSAGE (a popular framework in this domain) and showcase its efficacy on two downstream tasks – Node Classification and Link Prediction. Empirically, CAFIN consistently reduces the performance disparity across popular datasets (varying from 18 to 80% reduction in performance disparity) from various domains while incurring only a minimal cost of fairness.
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Choi, Haidam, Song-I. Cheon, Hyoju Kang, et al. "Advancing Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS): Low-power, High-accuracy, Wide-dynamic-range, and High-throughput Impedance Measurement Circuits and Architectures." In Low-cost Diagnostics. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781837673216-00371.
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This chapter offers an extensive introduction to readout circuit architectures designed to measure impedances across a frequency range in electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The impedance readout circuit, an essential component of on-chip EIS systems, significantly affects key system performances, including precision and speed of measurements, noise, and power consumption. With an increasing demand for implantable, wearable, and portable EIS systems, researchers have been focusing on achieving higher energy efficiency while maintaining high precision and speed in measurements. Additionally, to improve the compactness and ease of use of EIS systems, various systems use two-electrode and dry-electrode setups rather than the conventional four- and wet-electrode configurations. Numerous innovative methods have been developed to provide reliable measurements using two- and dry-electrode interfaces. This chapter discusses advances in impedance-readout architectures and their pros and cons. These approaches are designed to achieve low power consumption, broad frequency and input ranges, high accuracy with low noise, rapid measurement times, and/or high input impedance. The in-depth analyses of each of these improvements for EIS systems will provide insights into the future progress of small-form-factor EIS systems for biomedical and Internet of Things (IoT) applications.
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Modak, P. R., and D. V. Nandanwar. "HYBRID CARBON BASED CONDUCTING POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE FOR IMPROVED ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS." In Futuristic Trends in Chemical Material Sciences & Nano Technology Volume 3 Book 18. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bdcs18ch38.
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The growing demand for high-quality electronic and communication devices in military, industrial, and commercial applications has resulted in electronic device and system compactness, which increases circuit complexity. This is a novel form of challenge that necessitates a slew of decisions on electromagnetic radiation as a result of repeated efforts. These electromagnetic radiations interfere with one another and have the potential to ruin the system, which is referred to as electromagnetic (EM) pollution. Because it interferes with the operation of a device or transmission channel, electromagnetic interference is a key source of concern. To solve this issue, scientific and research organizations have started to create a variety of materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. Carbon has long been an enthralling chemical; allotropes of carbon, such as fullerenes, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and other fillers that improve EMI shielding, are of significant interest in a variety of frequency bands. Initially, Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) and Graphene (GNS) were functionalized to improve conducting polymer interface. Polyaniline/Carbon nanotube/Graphene (PANI)/(MWCNT)/(GNS) were synthesized using an in situ oxidative polymerization process, with the weight percent of MWCNT remaining constant while the weight percent of GNS increasing from 1-3, and then characterized using SEM and FTIR analysis. When compared to pure polyaniline, the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites rises with increasing weight percent of GNS. Carbon-based conducting polymer nanocomposites demonstrated semi conductivity and improved EMI shielding performance. The EMI Shielding effectiveness (SE) of hybrid carbon-based conducting polymer nanocomposites grows as the weight percent of GNS increases. Absorption is the major mechanism for synthesized ternary nanocomposites and can be employed as an Electromagnetic Interference shielding material.
Conference papers on the topic "Increasing compactness"
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Cai, Feng, Wei Liu, Xuehua Fan, Minxu Lu, Jing Zhang, and Qing Du. "Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of X70 Pipeline Steel in Wall Jet Zone under Jet Impingement at High Temperature and High Pressure CO2 Environment." In CORROSION 2012. NACE International, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2012-01270.
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Abstract The electrochemical corrosion behavior of X70 pipeline steel in the wall jet zone was investigated at high temperature and high pressure CO2 environment by jet impingement loop equipment with micro-electrode techniques. The corrosion morphologies and profiles of X70 steel after different corrosion times were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and 3D optical measurement device. Results showed that the corrosion process of X70 steel was dominated by the anodic dissolution in the first 4 hours (4h), during which the highest corrosion rate was reached. With the increase of the coverage and compactness of corrosion products on the surface, the corrosion resistance of X70 steel increased, and the corrosion rates decreased significantly. The profile of the X70 surface showed gradually increasing tendency with the increasing distance under the influence of wall shear stress. The Open Corrosion Potential (OCP) and Linear Polarization Resistance Rp (LPR) of X70 steel firstly decreased and then increased as a function of corrosion time. At 4h, the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) plot was composed of the high-frequency capacitive loop, the medium-frequency capacitive loop and the low-frequency inductive loop. The inductive loop disappeared with the increasing time, which showed that the surface of X70 steel was completely covered by the compact corrosion products. The film resistance Rf and charge transfer resistance Rt increased gradually with time owing to the formation and growth of corrosion scale. The double-layer capacitance Cdl decreased slowly as a function of time, which is mainly attributed to the increase of the thickness of protective layer. Moreover, the film capacitance Cf increased rapidly in the first 10h and then showed a slowly decreasing tendency.
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Teixeira, Maxwell A., Domingos B. S. Santos, and Thelmo de Araujo. "A Novel Boundary Preserving Adaptive Filter for Improving Superpixel’s Compactness in Dental X-Ray Images." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Aplicada à Saúde. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbcas.2024.1832.
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Superpixels techniques are commonly used on image segmentation because the objects’s boundaries tend to be captured as a subset of the superpixels’s boundaries. Superpixel’s compactness is an important parameter for the quality of the final segmentation and it may be affected by image noise, which are very common in medical images. X-ray dental images are known to be particularly noisy. This paper analyzes the effects of smoothing and sharpening filters—frequently used in medical image preprocessing—on the compactness of the superpixels, measured by the isoperimetric quotient. Also, some experiments were conducted to validate two hypotheses about the causes of the filtering effects on the compactness of the superpixels. Based on the results, a boundary preserving adaptive filter (with several variants) is proposed, and its performance is compared to eight known filters: mean, median, Gaussian, gradient, Laplacian, morphological top hat, Kuwahara, and Kuwahara-Tomita filters. The proposed filter outperformed the filters tested here in increasing the overall compactness of the superpixels.
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Bereczki, Allan, and Niklaus Wetter. "Compact, high-power, single-frequency, dynamically stable cw ring laser." In Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference. Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laop.2022.th1b.4.
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We recently reported a single-frequency Nd:YAG ring laser with 55.6 W CW output. In this work our design equations are given in order to obtain compactness and increasing resonator free spectral range.
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Noufal, Rasha, Hossam Kishawy, and Atef Mohany. "The Impact of Tube Array Compactness on the Generation of Acoustic Resonance." In ASME 2024 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2024-122923.
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Abstract This study presents an experimental investigation into the effects of tube array compactness on self-excited acoustic resonance. The primary focus is on varying the number of rows and columns in the tube array, with rows ranging from 1 to 9 and columns from 2 to 3. The experimental results demonstrate a clear correlation between the compactness of the tube array and the occurrence and strength of self-excited acoustic resonance. Specifically, an increase in the number of columns was found to significantly enhance both the occurrence of excitation and the amplitude of the generated acoustic pressure. Additionally, increasing the number of rows led to the excitation of higher acoustic modes. These modes were observed to synchronize with the wake of the tube array, as evidenced by phase-locked particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. This synchronization indicates a complex interaction between the acoustic field and the fluid flow, wherein the phase of the excited acoustic mode’s particle velocity plays a critical role.
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Liu, Xilu, and Ameen Farooq. "Is compact urbanity more connected?" In Virtual City and Territory. Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8122.
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The concept of urban compactness is widely accepted as an approach in modern architectural and urban design fields, this belief may vary relative to the density and connectivity of various neighborhoods working within cities of developing countries.
 Beijing has several compact residential neighborhoods in many of its urban districts. This paper argues that urban compactness as predictor of connectivity may carry an altogether different meaning when compared to the U.S objectives for achieving sustainable compactness by increasing density that is tactically connected.
 The accelerated pace of migration following the economic progress from the countryside to cities in China helped grew the middle class while shifting demographics has added serious demands of housing and infrastructure within and outside of Beijing districts and its urban core.
 Various neighborhoods within and round Beijing districts are swelling with unwarranted compactness, causing serious environmental and ecological challenging making basic living conditions unchecked. In addition, crowding, traffic congestion, pollution and limited housing surrounding this compactness is a threat to the public health.
 Several residential blocks of various sizes in close proximity to each other appear to add physical compactness seemingly well threaded in urban fabric various urban districts. Morphological analysis of selected neighborhoods revealed that many urban neighborhoods similar to case study examples are marred with unregulated urban interventions with little cohesive system of connectivity within these neighborhoods.
 This study analyzed morphological patterns of street connectivity using Space Syntax method tounderstand if physical compactness also means more connected. The morphological variables notably, integration, connectivity and choice were used as key variables to describe the quality of connectedness of a diverse range of mixed-use commercial and residential typologies that were served by dense street networks.
 Analysis of spatial morphology of selected compact neighborhoods provided perceptive clues to redevelop a spatial program to bring about a meaningful design intervention to achieve better connections to the unregulated compact urban neighborhoods for achieving more pedestrian-friendly urban neighborhoods that could co-exist with the existing vehicular street networks.
 The findings indicated that much of mixed-use developments in close proximity to each other were part of a fragmented maze of dead-end streets serving these residential blocks. The incoherent street networks serving these neighborhoods created a lack of control between pedestrian and vehicular circulations causing congestions and unsustainable conditions for social and public realm to coexist.
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Giauque, Alexis, Maxime Huet, and Franck Clero. "Analytical Analysis of Indirect Combustion Noise in Subcritical Nozzles." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69008.
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This article revisits the problem of indirect combustion noise in nozzles of finite length. The analytical model proposed by Moase et al. (JFM 2007) for indirect combustion noise is red-erived and applied to subcritical nozzles having shapes of increasing complexity. This model is based on the equations formulated by Marble & Candel (JSV 1977) for which an explicit solution is obtained in the subsonic framework. The discretization of the nozzle into n elementary units of finite length implies the determination of 2n integration constants for which a set of linear equations is provided in this article. The analytical method is applied to configurations of increasing complexity. Analytical solutions are compared to numerical results obtained using SUNDAY (a 1D non linear Euler solver in temporal space) and CEDRE (3D Navier-Stokes flow solver). An excellent agreement is found for all configurations thereby showing that acceleration discontinuities at the boundaries between adjacent elements do not influence the actual acoustic transfer functions. The issue of nozzle compactness is addressed. It is found that in the subcritical domain, spectral results should be nondimensionalized using the flow-through-time of the entire nozzle. Doing so, transfer functions of nozzles of different lengths are successfully compared and a compactness criterion is proposed that writes ω*∫0Ldζ/uζ<1 where L is the axial length of the nozzle. Finally, the EWG experimental setup of Bake et al. (JSV 2009) is considered. Analytical results are compared to the results reported by Howe (JFM 2010). Both models give similar trends and show the important role of the rising time of the fluctuating temperature front on the amplitude of the indirect acoustic emission. The experimental temperature profile and the impedance coefficients at the inlet and outlet provided by Bake et al. (JSV 2009) and Leyko et al. (JSV 2011) are introduced into the analytical formulation. Results show that the indirect combustion noise mechanism cannot be held responsible alone for the acoustic emission in the subcritical case.
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Wang, Jian, Yongshen Zhang, Lei Feng, Chenhao Xie, Jiewei Lin, and Changchun Sun. "Comprehensive Analysis and Optimization of Door Closing Sound Quality of a Heavy Truck." In Noise & Vibration Conference & Exhibition. SAE International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4271/2025-01-0066.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Based on the objective and subjective experiment and finite element analysis, the influencing factors on the door closing sound quality of a heavy truck is analyzed and optimized. Results show that the loudness and sharpness can be reduced by increasing stiffness and damping of the door. The sound quality can be enhanced by increasing the pressure release area, which can decrease the air pressure resistance of dooring closing. By adding holes on the inner liner and changing the pressure release location, the dooring closing air pressure resistance is reduced from 289 Pa to 181 Pa. In terms of the rebound sound, the sound level is positively related to the door closing force. Increasing the protrusion height and decreasing the stiffness of the vibration absorber of the handle can improve the rebound sound quality. Optimizing the absorbers on both ends of the handle and adding damping material can decrease the loudness by 47.8%, reduce the cavity sound, reduce the rattle and improve the compactness. With above improvements, the subjective rating of the dooring closing sound of the heavy truck is increased from 5 points to 6.5 points on a 10-point scale.</div></div>
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Fidan, Ismail, Larry Ruff, and Stephen Derby. "The Integration of a SMT Fully-Automated Rework Cell for Fine-Pitch Surface Mounted Devices." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/fas-1711.
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Abstract Surface mounted components have become the choice of the electronics manufacturing industry to solve problems in the complex circuit boards. New components using increased lead counts on finer pitches make manufacturing difficult. The increased complexity, cost, and lead count of the Surface Mount Technology (SMT) components, and also the increasing compactness of the SMT assemblies have demanded the creation of newer rework tools as an essential part of electronics manufacturing. Therefore, it becomes essential to have a well-controlled process to assure that rework is not only possible but that it is consistent and flawless. Automation is the common answer to achieve both efficiency and quality. This paper describes a system for the automated rework of fine pitch components that is under development as part of the Center for Integrated Electronics and Electronics Manufacturing (CIEEM) at Rensselaer.
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Collin, L. M., V. Fiori, P. Coudrain, et al. "Microchannel Design Study for 3D Microelectronics Cooling Using a Hybrid Analytical and Finite Element Method." In ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2015-48830.
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For microelectronics cooling, microchannels are a potential solution to ensure reliability without sacrificing compactness, as they require relatively small space to remove high heat fluxes compared to air cooling. However, designing microchannels is a complex task where simulation models become a forefront tool to investigate and propose new solutions to increase the chip thermal performances with minimal impact on other aspects. This work evaluates numerically the impact of microchannel cooling in a standalone chip and a 3D assembly of two stacked chips with localized heat sources. To do so, a modeling approach was developed to combine finite element modeling of conduction in the chip using commercial software with analytical relations to capture the heat transfer and fluid flow in the microchannels. This approach leverages the multiphysics and post-processing capabilities of commercial software, but avoids the extensive discretization that would normally be required in microchannels with full finite element modeling. The study shows that increasing the flow rate is not as beneficial as increasing the number of channels (with constant total cross-section area). The effect of heat spreading was also found to be critical, favoring thicker dies. When switching to 3D chip configuration, the interdie underfill layer significantly increases the total thermal resistance and must be considered for thermal design. This effect can be significantly alleviated by increasing the interdie thermal conductivity through adding copper micropillars.
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Lee, Chi Young, Chang Hwan Shin, Ju Yong Park, Dong Seok Oh, Tae Hyun Chun, and Wang Kee In. "Pressure Drop and Flow Pulsation in Tight-Lattice Rod Bundle." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54605.
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In order to ensure the compactness and high-power density of a nuclear power reactor, the research on tight-lattice fuel bundle, with a narrow gap distance between fuels, has been highlighted. Recently, KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) has been developing dual-cooled annular fuel to increase a significant amount of the reactor power in OPR1000 (Optimized Power Reactor), a PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) optimized in the Republic of Korea. The dual-cooled annular fuel is configured to allow a coolant flow through the inner channel as well as the outer channel. To introduce the dual-cooled annular fuel to OPR1000 is aiming at increasing the reactor power by 20% and reducing the fuel-pellet temperature by 30%, as compared to the cylindrical solid fuel, without a change in reactor components. In such a case, due to larger outer diameter of a dual-cooled annular fuel, the dual-cooled annular fuel assembly exhibits a smaller P/D (Pitch-to-Diameter ratio) than the conventional cylindrical solid fuel assembly. In other words, the dual-cooled annular fuel array becomes the tight-lattice fuel bundle configuration, and such a change in P/D can significantly affect the thermal-hydraulic characteristics in nuclear reactor core. In this paper, the pressure drop and flow pulsation in tight-lattice rod bundle were investigated. As the test sections, the tight-lattice rod bundle of P/D = 1.08 was prepared with the regular rod bundle of P/D = 1.35. The friction factors in P/D = 1.08 appeared smaller than those in P/D = 1.35. For P/D = 1.08, the twist-vane spacer grid became the larger pressure loss coefficients than the plain spacer grid. In P/D = 1.08, the flow pulsation, quasi-periodic oscillating flow motion, was visualized successfully by PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) and MIR (Matching Index of Refraction) techniques. The peak frequency and power spectral density of flow pulsation increased with increasing the Reynolds number. Our belief is that this work can contribute to a design of nuclear reactor with tight-lattice fuel bundle for compactness and power-uprate and a further understanding of the coolant mixing phenomena in a nuclear fuel assembly.