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Tortajada, Velert Salvador. "Incremental Learning approaches to Biomedical decision problems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/17195.
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During the last decade, a new trend in medicine is transforming the nature of healthcare from reactive to proactive. This new paradigm is changing into a personalized medicine where the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease is focused on individual patients. This paradigm is known as P4 medicine. Among other key benefits, P4 medicine aspires to detect diseases at an early stage and introduce diagnosis to stratify patients and diseases to select the optimal therapy based on individual observations and taking into account the patient outcomes to empower the physician, the patient, and their communication.
This paradigm transformation relies on the availability of complex multi-level biomedical data that are increasingly accurate, since it is possible to find exactly the needed information, but also exponentially noisy, since the access to that information is more and more challenging. In order to take advantage of this information, an important effort is being made in the last decades to digitalize medical records and to develop new mathematical and computational methods for extracting maximum knowledge from patient records, building dynamic and disease-predictive models from massive amounts of integrated clinical and biomedical data. This requirement enables the use of computer-assisted Clinical Decision Support Systems for the management of individual patients.
The Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) are computational systems that provide precise and specific knowledge for the medical decisions to be adopted for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and management of patients. The CDSS are highly related to the concept of evidence-based medicine since they infer medical knowledge from the biomedical databases and the acquisition protocols that are used for the development of the systems, give computational support based on evidence for the clinical practice, and evaluate the performance and the added value of the solution for each specific medical problem.<br>Tortajada Velert, S. (2012). Incremental Learning approaches to Biomedical decision problems [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/17195<br>Palancia
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Bambach, Markus. "Process strategies and modelling approaches for asymmetric incremental sheet forming." Aachen Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988445239/04.
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Bambach, Markus. "Process strategies and modelling approaches for asymmetric incremental sheet forming /." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/988445239/04.
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Bambach, Markus [Verfasser]. "Process Strategies and Modelling Approaches for Asymmetric Incremental Sheet Forming / Markus Bambach." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1162791357/34.
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Ling, Daphne. "Alternative approaches to tuberculosis diagnostics research: methods for estimating the incremental value of new tests." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114458.
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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem. Diagnosis is the critical first step for control of TB, and several promising tests have been developed, including the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). Unfortunately, TB diagnostics research is still focused on measures of test accuracy (i.e. sensitivity and specificity). There are limited data on the incremental value of new tests over and above conventional tests and their impact on clinical management. Test accuracy data, while necessary, are only surrogates for patient-important outcomes and cannot provide high quality evidence for policy-making. This manuscript-based PhD thesis focused on alternative approaches to evaluate the incremental value of new tests, with and without a gold standard. In the first manuscript, we performed a secondary data analysis of a study on 528 children evaluated for active TB in Cape Town, South Africa. Using TB culture as the gold standard, we measured the incremental value of the IGRA beyond patient demographics, clinical signs and conventional TB tests using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as well as two newly-described measures based on risk probability: net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). All analyses showed that the IGRA did not have added value beyond clinical data and conventional tests for the diagnosis of active TB in hospitalized, smear-negative children. The use of multivariable analysis provided a useful approach to evaluate the incremental value of this new test as part of the diagnostic algorithm, rather than in isolation.In the second manuscript, we developed a methodology for estimating the incremental value of a test when no gold standard exists and true disease status is unknown, such as in the case of latent TB infection (LTBI). Using a Bayesian framework for latent class model estimation, we validated our proposed methods in a series of simulations and then applied these methods to calculate the AUC, NRI and IDI to measure the added value of the IGRA over the tuberculin skin test (TST) for diagnosis of LTBI in different settings. We showed that the magnitude of the AUC and IDI behaved as expected when we changed the true accuracy of the new test using simulated data. Furthermore, we showed that the added value of the new test decreased when conditional dependence between the new and standard tests was taken into account.Finally, the third manuscript was a primary data collection study at the Montreal Children's Hospital (MCH), which recently began implementing the IGRA for children with specific clinical indications. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the IGRA on clinical management by asking pediatric respirologists to document how the IGRA result changed, if at all, their initial diagnostic and treatment decisions based on the TST and other available data in clinically-relevant subgroups. Our study of 399 children showed that pediatric respirologists used negative IGRA results to withhold preventive therapy in most low-risk children who were found through targeted screening programs and referred for a positive TST result. In contrast, in almost all TST-positive children who were evaluated as TB contacts, negative IGRA results did not change clinical management.While new technologies in the diagnostics pipeline offer great promise for TB control, limited resources mandate that we evaluate them in clinically-meaningful ways before their implementation into routine practice. This PhD thesis addressed the need for incremental value and clinical impact studies and offers insights into the comparative benefits and limitations of the various methods used.<br>La présente thèse de doctorat par articles se concentre sur des approches alternatives permettant d'évaluer la plus-value des nouveaux tests, avec et sans norme de référence. Dans le premier article, nous avons effectué une analyse secondaire des données issues d'une étude sur 528 enfants évalués pour la tuberculose (TB) à Cape Town, en Afrique du Sud. En utilisant la culture pour la TB comme norme de référence, nous avons mesuré la plus-value du IGRA (interferon-gamma release assay) au-delà des données démographiques, signes cliniques et tests traditionnels de TB en examinant la surface sous la courbe caractéristique de la performance du test (courbe ROC) ainsi que deux mesures basées sur la probabilité de risques élaborées récemment : amélioration de la reclassification nette (NRI ou net reclassification improvement) et amélioration de la discrimination intégrée (IDI ou integrated discrimination improvement). Toutes nos analyses ont démontré que le IGRA n'apportait aucune plus-value aux données cliniques et tests traditionnels pour le diagnostic de la TB active chez les enfants hospitalisés avec résultats de frottis négatifs. Les analyses multivariables ont fourni une approche utile pour l'évaluation de la valeur ajoutée du nouveau test dans l'algorithme diagnostique, plutôt qu'en tant qu'outil isolé.Dans le deuxième article, nous avons développé une méthodologie d'estimation de la plus-value d'un test lorsqu'une norme de référence n'existait pas et que le statut d'une infection était inconnu, comme dans le cas de la tuberculose latente (LTBI ou latent TB infection). En utilisant une approche bayésienne pour l'estimation d'un modèle de classe latent, nous avons validé nos méthodes proposées dans une série de simulations, pour ensuite appliquer ces méthodes pour calculer la surface sous la courbe ROC, le NRI et le IDI pour évaluer la plus-value du IGRA par rapport au test cutané à la tuberculine (TST ou tuberculin skin test) pour le diagnostic de la LTBI dans différents contextes. Nous avons démontré que la magnitude de la surface sous la courbe ROC et du IDI se comportaient tel qu'attendu lorsque les mesures réelles de fiabilité diagnostique du nouveau test étaient modifiées à l'aide de données simulées. De plus, nous avons démontré que la plus-value du nouveau test diminuait lorsque la dépendance conditionnelle entre le nouveau test et le test traditionnel était prise en considération.Finalement, le troisième article était principalement une étude par collecte de données à l'Hôpital de Montréal pour enfants, où l'implantation du IGRA pour les enfants présentant des indications cliniques spécifiques a récemment commencé. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer l'impact du IGRA sur la gestion du traitement clinique en demandant aux pneumologues pédiatriques de documenter comment les résultats du IGRA changeaient, ou non, leur diagnostic initial et décisions de traitement clinique basés sur les résultats du TST et autres données dans des sous-groupes pertinents. Notre étude de 399 enfants a démontré que les pneumologues pédiatriques utilisaient des résultats négatifs de IGRA pour décider de ne pas prescrire de thérapie préventive d'isoniazide chez la plupart des enfants à faible risque, référés suite à un TST positif obtenu à travers des programmes de dépistage ciblés. À l'inverse, pour la plupart des enfants avec un TST positif évalués suite à un contact à la TB, un résultat négatif de IGRA ne modifiait pas la gestion du traitement clinique.
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Christenson, Dale, and not supplied. "The Role of Vision as a Critical Success Element in Project Management." RMIT University. Property, Construction and Project Management, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080108.151855.
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Dr. Christenson determined that the current project critical success factors identified in the literature are necessary but not sufficient to explain all project success. He explored the construct of 'project vision' as a critical success factor impacting project success. The findings of the multiple case studies strongly suggest that a project's 'vision' is a critical success factor to successful project outcomes. As such, the projects examined represented a continuum of change projects from changes to business practices to holistic cultural change (where the desired end state was not fully known). The project vision was found to be instrumental in signalling change to all stakeholders. Similarly, the project vision was found to be critical in knowledge management projects where the purpose is to share new, best or next best practices. The research also shows that the maintenance of a project vision has significant impacts on the successful completion of the project, especially on its timeliness for completion due to enhanced decision making. A project vision needs to be a shared vision of all stakeholders and the project champion, sponsor, and manager all have a role in communicating and maintaining the project vision throughout the lifecycle of the project. A multiple case study method was conducted within a public service organization. The study's findings provide a significant contribution to the practice of project management.
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Pretorius, Pieter. "The implications of comprehensive and incremental approaches to public sector reform for the creation of a developmental state in South Africa: Case study of the Oceans Economy Operation Phakisa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29854.
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In 1994, the first democratically elected government in South Africa faced the significant task of shaping new institutions and delivery transmission mechanisms capable of developing and implementing policies aimed at inclusive socio-economic growth and development. Evidence shows that the South African public sector is generally not yet able to be a key driver of development, at least not to the extent required to reduce poverty and inequality to the levels envisioned in the National Development Plan. The study argues that comprehensive public sector reform based on the principles of New Public Management was inappropriate given the unique South African political and institutional context and that incremental approaches to development are more likely to achieve results. This leaves room for the emergence of islands of effectiveness where public entrepreneurs or multi-stakeholder governed arrangements could be employed as alternative or complementary delivery transmission mechanisms. Operation Phakisa, an adaptation of the Malaysian Big Fast Results methodology, introduced a radical new approach to improving government impact. The Operation Phakisa methodology made certain assumptions about (or perhaps deliberately ignored) prevailing principal-agent relationships in South Africa and the readiness of these relationships to be challenged and transformed. Through the development and application of an analytical framework, the study examines the role of islands of effectiveness (using the Oceans Economy Operation Phakisa as a case study) as possible alternative or complementary delivery transmission mechanisms. While the Oceans Economy Operation Phakisa did not create sufficient scope for multi-stakeholder governance arrangements, some initiatives, most notably the Oil and Gas initiative, did benefit from public entrepreneurs that were able to navigate complex political and institutional realities to achieve results. Based on the outcome of the analysis, the study concludes with recommendations that could enhance the effectiveness of future iterations of Operation Phakisa.
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Paulikat, Mirko. "Computational Studies of ThDP-Dependent Enzymes." Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E5EB-D.
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Creaney, Norman. "An incremental approach to scoping in English." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241387.
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Naidenova, Xenia, and Vladimir Parkhomenko. "An Approach to Incremental Learning Good Classification Tests." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-113159.
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An algorithm of incremental mining implicative logical rules is pro-posed. This algorithm is based on constructing good classification tests. The in-cremental approach to constructing these rules allows revealing the interde-pendence between two fundamental components of human thinking: pattern recognition and knowledge acquisition.
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Ren, Mingming. "An incremental approach for hardware discrete controller synthesis." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679296.
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The Discrete Controller Synthesis (DCS) technique is used for automatic generation of correct-by-construction hardware controllers. For a given plant (a state-based model), and an associated control specification (a behavioral requirement), DCS generates a controller which, composed with the plant, guarantees the satisfaction of the specification. The DCS technique used relies on binary decision diagrams (BDDs). The controllers generated must be compliant with standard RTL hardware synthesis tools. Two main issues have been investigated: the combinational explosion, and the actual generation of the hardware controller. To address combinational explosion, common approaches follow the "divide and conquer" philosophy, producing modular control and/or decentralized control. Most of these approaches do not consider explicit communication between different components of a plant. Synchronization is mostly achieved by sharing of input events, and outputs are abstracted away. We propose an incremental DCS technique which also applies to communicating systems. An initial modular abstraction is followed by a sequence of progressive refinements and computations of approximate control solutions. The last step of this sequence computes an exact controller. This technique is shown to have an improved time/memory efficiency with respect to the traditional global DCS approach. The hardware controller generation addresses the control non-determinism problem in a specific way. A partially closed-loop control architecture is proposed, in order to preserve the applicability of hierarchical design. A systematic technique is proposed and illustrated, for transforming the automatically generated control equation into a vector of control functions. An application of the DCS technique to the correction of certain design errors in a real design is illustrated. To prove the efficiency of the incremental synthesis and controller implementation, a number of examples have been studied.
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Bichler, Patrick. "Visualization framework for information graphs an incremental approach /." Zürich : Department of Computer Science, Data Research Group, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 2002. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=28.
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Sherba, Susanne A. "Towards automating traceability: An incremental and scalable approach." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3178340.
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Melia, Detta M. "Towards performance measurement in hotels : an incremental approach." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12520.
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The overall aim of this study is to investigate the phenomenon of performance measurement in independently owned hotels in Ireland in order to understand the role of measurement in the management of the largest component of the hotel sector. The primary objectives of this study are to investigate the extent to which Irish hotel operators are utilising performance measurement techniques, to establish the rationale for the use of selected performance measures in independent hotels and to understand approaches to performance measurement in the management of independent hotels. A comprehensive investigation of existing performance management and measurement activity is provided in this study. A mixed methods approach to the research was undertaken to gather data on the phenomenon of performance measurement, allowing for a triangulation of data through multiple sources. A survey questionnaire was carried out within the hotels in Ireland followed by focus groups and indepth interviews carried out in a number of small and medium-sized hotels in Ireland. A number of key' performance measurement issues were investigated and include the rationale for performance measurement, the benefits of performance measurement, those responsible for carrying out the function, critical success factors impacting on the business and performance dimensions and measures utilised by hotel operators in the study. The findings of this research have implications for a number of stakeholders, however, the greatest impact will be on the small and medium-sized hotel operator. The research shows there is a need for these hotel operators to adopt a more structured formal approach to performance measurement. A number of models of performance measurement for small, medium-size and large hotels are proposed. These models will contribute to the management of performance in the hotel sector in Ireland, leading to increased effectiveness which is especially important in the current economic climate that the hotel and tourism sector is facing and will face into the future.
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Gosling, Maria-Cristina. "The urbanization of colonial Brazil : an incremental approach /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10796.
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Segal, Martin Daniel. "An Incremental Approach to Development at Gesundheit! Institute." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30785.
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This thesis is an evaluation and proposal for development for an alternative health care center in West Virginia. The Gesundheit Institute is based on the work of Dr. Hunter "Patch" Adams and his desire to create an alternative to the current model of health care. The Institute would not charge for services and will offer non-traditional as well as traditional methods of healing. By evaluating what is currently happening at the center and what the resources are, I propose to use an incremental approach to growth. The ideas would result in a series of smaller buildings developed over time as opposed to a single larger building. The thesis includes the design for the next major building, a community center/dining hall and a basic design for a series of sleeping quarters. It also includes the reworking of the master plan to better include issues integrating incremental growth and sustainable development.<br>Master of Architecture
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Pacios, Stanley Fabrizio. "Uma abordagem orientada a aspectos para desenvolvimento de linhas de produtos de software." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-08052007-171603/.
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Este trabalho investiga como o desenvolvimento de linhas de produtos de software pode ser beneficiado pela utilização da programação orientada a aspectos para reduzir o acoplamento e aumentar a coesão das features da linha de produtos. Como resultado dessa investigação, uma abordagem para desenvolvimento incremental de linhas de produtos baseado em aspectos é proposta. São apresentadas as etapas, atividades e artefatos dessa abordagem. Por ser uma abordagem incremental, reduz-se a carga de trabalho necessária no início da produção da linha de produtos. Isso é conseguido graças à utilização de aspectos. Com isso, tem-se as vantagens de linhas de produtos ao mesmo tempo amenizando a desvantagem do risco do alto investimento inicial não ter o retorno esperado. A abordagem foi proposta com base em práticas estabelecidas de desenvolvimento de linhas de produtos de software e no estudo das práticas atuais para análise e projeto orientado a aspectos. Foi dada ênfase à abordagem Tema, que é utilizada neste trabalho como parte do ferramental para análise e projeto. A abordagem desenvolvida especifica práticas desde a análise de domínio até a implementação. Os aspectos são tratados desde os estágios iniciais do desenvolvimento. Técnicas para implementação com orientação a aspectos são propostas. Um estudo de caso utilizando as linguagens Java e AspectJ é apresentado para ilustrar as idéias propostas<br>This work investigates how the development of software product lines can benefit from the use of aspect-oriented programming to reduce coupling and increase cohesion of the product line features. As a result of this investigation, an approach to the incremental development of software product lines based on aspects is proposed. The phases, activities, and artifacts of this approach are presented. As it is an incremental approach, the amount of work needed in the beginning of the product line development is reduced. This is accomplished thanks to the use of aspects. This way, the advantages of product lines are obtained, attenuating, at the same time, the risk of the high initial investment not having the expected return. The approach has been proposed based on established practices of software product lines development and on the study of the actual practices for aspect-oriented analysis and design. Emphasis has been given to the Theme Approach, which is used in this work as part of the analysis and design tools. The proposed approach specifies practices from the domain analysis up to the implementation. Aspects are treated since the early development stages. Aspect-oriented implementation techniques are proposed. A case study using Java and AspectJ languages is presented to illustrate the proposed ideas
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Lamounier, Edgard Afonso. "An incremental constraint-based approach to support engineering design." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1996. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21082/.
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Constraint-based systems are increasingly being used to support the design of products. Several commercial design systems based on constraints allow the geometry of a product to be specified and modified in a more natural and efficient way. However, it is now widely recognised the needs to have a close coupling of geometric constraints (i.e. parallel, tangent, etc) and engineering constraints (Le. performance, costs, weight, etc) to effectively support the preliminary design stages. This is an active research topic which is the subject of this thesis. As the design evolves, the size of the quation set which captures the constraints can get very large depending on the complexity of the product being designed. These constraints are expected to be solved efficiently to guarantee immediate feedback to the designer. Such requirement is also necessary to support constraint-based design within Virtual Environments, where it is necessary to have interactive speed. However, the majority of constraint-based design systems re-satisfy all constraints from scratch after the insertion of a new design constraint. This process is time consuming and therefore hinders interactive design performance when dealing with large constraint sets. This thesis reports research into the investigation of techniques to support interactive constraint-based design. The main focus of this work is on the development of incremental graph-based algorithms for satisfying a coupled set of engineering and geometric constraints. In this research, the design constraints, represented as simultaneous sets of linear and non-linear equations, are stored in a directed graph called Equation Graph. When a new constraint is imposed, local constraint propagation techniques are used to satisfy the constraint and update the current graph solution, incrementally. Constraint cycles are locally identified and satisfied within the Equation Graph. Therefore, these algorithms efiiciently solve large constraint sets to support interactive design. Techniques to support under-constrained geometry are also considered in this research. The concept of soft constraints is introduced to represent the degrees of freedom of the geometric entities. This is used to allow the incremental satisfaction of newly imposed constraints by exploiting under-constrained space. These soft constraints are also used to support direct manipulation of under-constrained geometric entities, enabling the designers to test the kinematic behaviour of the current assembly. A prototype constraint-based design system has been developed to demonstrate the feasibility of these algorithms to support preliminary design.
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Knight, Stephen. "An incremental approach to continuing professional development for registered nurses." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2014. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13551/.
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Güngördü, Zelal. "Incremental constraint-based parsing : an efficient approach for head-final languages." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/516.
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In this dissertation, I provide a left-to-right incremental parsing approach for Headdriven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG; Pollard and Sag (1987, 1994)). HPSG is a lexicalized, constraint-based theory of grammar, which has also been widely exploited in computational linguistics in recent years. Head-final languages are known to pose problems for the incrementality of head-driven parsing models, proposed for parsing with constraint-based grammar formalisms, in both psycholinguistics and computational linguistics. Therefore, here I further focusmy attention on processing a head-final language, specifically Turkish, to highlight any challenges that may arise in the case of such a language. The dissertation makes two principal contributions, the first part mainly providing the theoretical treatment required for the computational approach presented in the second part. The first part of the dissertation is concerned with the analysis of certain phenomena in Turkish grammar within the framework of HPSG. The phenomena explored in this part include word order variation and relativization in Turkish. Turkish is a head-final language that exhibits a considerable degree of word order freedom, with both local and long-distance scrambling. I focus on the syntactic aspects of this freedomin simple and complex Turkish sentences, detailing the assumptions Imake both to dealwith the variation in the word order, and also to capture certain restrictions on that variation, within the HPSG framework. The second phenomenon, relativization in Turkish, has drawn considerable attention in the literature, all accounts so far being within the tradition of transformational grammar. Here I propose a purely lexical account of the phenomenon within the framework of HPSG, which I claim is empirically more adequate than previous accounts, as well as being computationally more attractive. The motivation behind the work presented in the second part of the dissertation mainly stems from psycholinguistic considerations. Experimental evidence (e.g. Marslen- Wilson (1973)) has shown that human language processing is highly incremental, meaning that humans construct aword-by-word partial representation of an utterance as they hear each word. Here I explore the computational effectiveness of an incremental processing mechanism for HPSG grammars. I argue that any such processing mechanism has to employ some sort of nonmonotonicity in order to guarantee both completeness and termination, and propose a way of doing that without violating the soundness of the overall approach. I present a parsing approach for HPSG grammars that parses a string of words fromleft to right, attaching every word of the input to a global structure as soon as it is encountered, thereby dynamically changing the structure as the parse progresses. I further focus on certain issues that arise in incremental processing of a “free”word order, head-final language like Turkish. First, I investigate howthe parser can benefit from the case values in Turkish in foreseeing the existence of an embedded phrase/clause before encountering its head, thereby improving the incrementality of structuring. Second, I propose a strategy for the incremental recovery of filler-gap relations in certain kinds of unbounded dependency constructions in Turkish, which further enables one to capture a number of (strong) preferences that humans exhibit in processing certain examples with potentially ambiguous long-distance dependency relations.
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Heinen, Milton Roberto. "A connectionist approach for incremental function approximation and on-line tasks." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29015.
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Este trabalho propõe uma nova abordagem conexionista, chamada de IGMN (do inglês Incremental Gaussian Mixture Network), para aproximação incremental de funções e tarefas de tempo real. Ela é inspirada em recentes teorias do cérebro, especialmente o MPF (do inglês Memory-Prediction Framework) e a Inteligência Artificial Construtivista, que fazem com que o modelo proposto possua características especiais que não estão presentes na maioria dos modelos de redes neurais existentes. Além disso, IGMN é baseado em sólidos princípios estatísticos (modelos de mistura gaussianos) e assintoticamente converge para a superfície de regressão ótima a medida que os dados de treinamento chegam. As principais vantagens do IGMN em relação a outros modelos de redes neurais são: (i) IGMN aprende instantaneamente analisando cada padrão de treinamento apenas uma vez (cada dado pode ser imediatamente utilizado e descartado); (ii) o modelo proposto produz estimativas razoáveis baseado em poucos dados de treinamento; (iii) IGMN aprende de forma contínua e perpétua a medida que novos dados de treinamento chegam (não existem fases separadas de treinamento e utilização); (iv) o modelo proposto resolve o dilema da estabilidade-plasticidade e não sofre de interferência catastrófica; (v) a topologia da rede neural é definida automaticamente e de forma incremental (novas unidades são adicionadas sempre que necessário); (vi) IGMN não é sensível às condições de inicialização (de fato IGMN não utiliza nenhuma decisão e/ou inicialização aleatória); (vii) a mesma rede neural IGMN pode ser utilizada em problemas diretos e inversos (o fluxo de informações é bidirecional) mesmo em regiões onde a função alvo tem múltiplas soluções; e (viii) IGMN fornece o nível de confiança de suas estimativas. Outra contribuição relevante desta tese é o uso do IGMN em importantes tarefas nas áreas de robótica e aprendizado de máquina, como por exemplo a identificação de modelos, a formação incremental de conceitos, o aprendizado por reforço, o mapeamento robótico e previsão de séries temporais. De fato, o poder de representação e a eficiência e do modelo proposto permitem expandir o conjunto de tarefas nas quais as redes neurais podem ser utilizadas, abrindo assim novas direções nos quais importantes contribuições do estado da arte podem ser feitas. Através de diversos experimentos, realizados utilizando o modelo proposto, é demonstrado que o IGMN é bastante robusto ao problema de overfitting, não requer um ajuste fino dos parâmetros de configuração e possui uma boa performance computacional que permite o seu uso em aplicações de controle em tempo real. Portanto pode-se afirmar que o IGMN é uma ferramenta de aprendizado de máquina bastante útil em tarefas de aprendizado incremental de funções e predição em tempo real.<br>This work proposes IGMN (standing for Incremental Gaussian Mixture Network), a new connectionist approach for incremental function approximation and real time tasks. It is inspired on recent theories about the brain, specially the Memory-Prediction Framework and the Constructivist Artificial Intelligence, which endows it with some unique features that are not present in most ANN models such as MLP, RBF and GRNN. Moreover, IGMN is based on strong statistical principles (Gaussian mixture models) and asymptotically converges to the optimal regression surface as more training data arrive. The main advantages of IGMN over other ANN models are: (i) IGMN learns incrementally using a single scan over the training data (each training pattern can be immediately used and discarded); (ii) it can produce reasonable estimates based on few training data; (iii) the learning process can proceed perpetually as new training data arrive (there is no separate phases for leaning and recalling); (iv) IGMN can handle the stability-plasticity dilemma and does not suffer from catastrophic interference; (v) the neural network topology is defined automatically and incrementally (new units added whenever is necessary); (vi) IGMN is not sensible to initialization conditions (in fact there is no random initialization/ decision in IGMN); (vii) the same neural network can be used to solve both forward and inverse problems (the information flow is bidirectional) even in regions where the target data are multi-valued; and (viii) IGMN can provide the confidence levels of its estimates. Another relevant contribution of this thesis is the use of IGMN in some important state-of-the-art machine learning and robotic tasks such as model identification, incremental concept formation, reinforcement learning, robotic mapping and time series prediction. In fact, the efficiency of IGMN and its representational power expand the set of potential tasks in which the neural networks can be applied, thus opening new research directions in which important contributions can be made. Through several experiments using the proposed model it is demonstrated that IGMN is also robust to overfitting, does not require fine-tunning of its configuration parameters and has a very good computational performance, thus allowing its use in real time control applications. Therefore, IGMN is a very useful machine learning tool for incremental function approximation and on-line prediction.
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Afonso, Daniel Gil. "Industrial applicability of single point incremental forming : functional and energetic approach." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21534.
Full textAbstract:
Doutoramento em Engenharia Mecânica<br>Incremental sheet forming processes like single point incremental forming
have been majorly studied since the beginning of the 2000's. Besides the
applications in the prototyping eld, ISF processes can also be used to the
manufacture of unique parts and small batches. This possibility has a great
potential for speed up new product development and to make products in
smaller series economically viable. Also, this capability leads to a new business
possibilities, enable the development of exclusive or custom products.
However, mainly due to its novelty, SPIF industrial operation is still very
apprehensive with just a few examples of application.
The main purpose of the present work is to create tools that can be used for
the SPIF process management and present examples of usage in di erent
industrial elds.
The SPIF process is studied using the SPIF-A machine design and built
at the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Aveiro.
Despite being a free form manufacture process, SPIF has some geometric
limitations, manly due to the forming mechanics and formability limit of
the materials. The possible part con gurations and the design orientation
are settled, allowing a suitable part development. The hardware to perform
incremental forming operations is outlined and the forming process is described,
presenting alternative solutions both based on experimental work
and state of the art review.
A group of parts are developed and manufactured using SPIF as examples
of industrial application. Parts are developed and evaluated to meet design
and development requirements.
New applications using SPIF as a rapid tooling process, typically exclusive
form additive manufacturing technologies, are developed. The parity between
SPIF and AM processes encounter industrial applications not only in
prototyping or part manufacturing but also in tool development and fabrication.
This novelty allows to decrease the time to market, decrease tooling
cost and increase tooling complexity and consequential part design freedom
in sheet metal moulds. The concept is developed and proof for a variety of
thermoplastic and composite materials processing technologies.<br>Os processos de estampagem incremental de chapa, como a estampagem
incremental por ponto unico, t^em sido estudados em profundidade desde
o in cio dos anos 2000. Para al em da aplica c~ao no desenvolvimento de
prot otipos, os processo de estampagem incremental apresentam potencial
de aplica c~ao no fabrico de produto unicos ou pequenos lotes. Esta possibilidade
oferece vantagens ao permitir acelerar o processo de design e
desenvolvimento de produto e ao tornar economicamente vi avel a produ c~ao
de pequenas s eries. Para al em disso, esta possibilidade permite a cria c~ao de
novas tipologias de neg ocio, possibilitando o desenvolvimento e fabrico de
produtos exclusivos ou customizados. No entanto, principalmente devido
a novidade do processo, a estampagem incremental ainda n~ao tem muitos
exemplos de aplica c~ao em empresas.
O principal objetivo do trabalho apresentado e desenvolver ferramentas que
possam ser utilizadas para a industrializa c~ao do processo de estampagem
incremental por ponto unico e apresentar exemplos de aplica c~oes em diferentes
areas industriais.
A m aquina SPIF-A desenvolvida no Departamento de Engenharia Mec^anica
da Universidade de Aveiro e utilizada para o estudo do processo de estampagem
incremental. Apesar do potencial do processo de estampagem
para fabricar superf cies de forma livre, existem algumas limita c~oes. Estas
devem-se maioritariamente ao comportamento do material e ao processo e
par^ametros de estampagem. S~ao de nidas linhas orientadoras para o design
de pe cas, bem como as poss veis con gura c~oes, de forma a possibilitar
o desenvolvimento de pe cas fact veis. O equipamento necess ario para a
realiza c~ao de trabalhos de estampagem incremental e os par^ametros de trabalho
s~ao estudados com recurso a an alise de estado da arte e a trabalho
experimental.
Como exemplo de aplica c~ao industrial da estampagem incremental, s~ao desenvolvidas
e fabricadas pe cas. Os produtos s~ao desenvolvidos e avaliados
de forma a garantir o cumprimento dos requisitos de nidos.
S~ao propostas novas aplica c~oes para a utiliza c~ao de estampagem incremental
para o fabrico r apido de ferramentas, tipicamente exclusivo do processos
de fabrico aditivo. A analogia entre a estampagem incremental e o fabrico
aditivo permite encontrar aplica c~oes industriais para al em da prototipagem,
com grande potencial para o desenvolvimento e fabrico de ferramentas.
Esta novidade contribui para a redu c~ao do tempo de comercializa c~ao, reduzindo
custos e permitindo uma maior
exibilidade do desenho de um
produto. O conceito de fabrico de moldes em chapa para diversos materiais
termopl asticos e comp ositos e desenvolvido e analisado.<br>Les processus de formage incr emental de t^ole, come formage incr emental un
point, sont etudi es en profondeur d es le d ebut des ann ees 2000. Les processus
ont son application dans le d eveloppement des prototypes et pr esentent
aussi du vrai potentiel dans la fabrication des produits uniques et dans des
petits lots. Cette possibilit e o re des avantages parce que permit d'acc el erer
le processus de design et d eveloppement de produit et de faire le projet des
petites s eries economiquement viables. En plus, formage incr emental possibilit
e la cr eation des nouvelles typologies de a aires a cause de ca contribution
dans la fabrication des produits personnalis es et exclusives. Malgr e
ca et comme celui est un processus tr es r ecent, pour l'instant, le formage
incr emental n'a pas beaucoup de utilisation industrielle.
L'objectif principal du travail pr esent e est de d evelopper des moyens que
peut ^etre utilis es pour auxili e l'industrialisation do processus de formage
incr emental un point et pr esenter des exemples pour des distinctes applications
industrielles.
La machine SPIF-A d evelopp e dans le D epartement de Ing enierie M ecanique
de l'Universit e d'Aveiro est utilis ee pour l' etude du processus de formage
incr emental. Nonobstant le potentiel du processus de formage incr emental
pour fabriquer des surfaces de forme libre il y a quelques limitations
g eom etriques. C a d epend du comportement du mat eriel et les param etres
de travail. Les con gurations g eom etriques possibles et les lignes directrices
de conception sont d e nies de fa con a possibilit e le dessein des pi eces faisables.
L'Equipment n ecessaire pour la r ealisation des travaux de formage
incr ementa et les param etres de travail sont etudi es en utilisant l'analyse de
l' etat de l'art et des travaux exp erimentaux.
Comme exemple des applications industrielles du formage incr emental, sont
d evelopp ees et fabriqu es des pi eces. Les produits sont d evelopp es et avalis es
de fa con a assurer qu'il respecte les exigences d e nis.
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SERRANO, MILENE. "REUSE-ORIENTED APPROACH FOR INCREMENTAL AND SYSTEMATIC DEVELOPMENT OF INTENTIONAL UBIQUITOUS APPLICATIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=28837@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA<br>Aplicações ubíquas estão inseridas em ambientes inteligentes integrados ao mundo físico e compostos de usuários com diferentes preferências, dispositivos heterogêneos e vários provedores de serviço e conteúdo. Além disso, essas aplicações são especializadas em oferecer serviços e conteúdos em qualquer lugar
e momento, auxiliando os usuários em suas atividades diárias sem incomodá-los. Baseado nesse mundo idealizado, o paradigma em qualquer lugar e momento impõe alguns desafios para a comunidade de Engenharia de Software, tais como: heterogeneidade de dispositivos, ambientes distribuídos, mobilidade, satisfação de usuário, adaptação de conteúdo, sensibilidade de contexto, privacidade, personalização, transparência, invisibilidade e constante evolução das tendências tecnológicas. Visando lidar com esses novos desafios tecnológicos, é proposta uma abordagem orientada à reutilização de software para desenvolvimento incremental e sistemático de aplicações ubíquas intencionais. Foram escolhidos dois principais objetivos para conduzir a pesquisa dessa tese: (i) a construção de conjuntos de apoio, orientados à reutilização de software, com base em uma investigação detalhada de aplicações ubíquas e do paradigma de Sistemas Multi-Agentes Intencionais – ou seja, Desenvolvimento para Reutilização; e (ii) o desenvolvimento incremental e sistemático de aplicações ubíquas, dirigidas por Sistemas Multi-Agentes Intencionais, com base na abordagem orientada à reutilização de software – ou seja, Desenvolvimento com Reutilização. Algumas contribuições do nosso trabalho são: (i) uma arquitetura orientada à reutilização de software e baseada nos conjuntos de apoio – i.e. blocos de construção principalmente compostos de modelos conceituais, frameworks, padrões e bibliotecas – obtidos a partir da Engenharia de Domínio das Aplicações Ubíquas; (ii) uma Engenharia de Aplicações Ubíquas orientada à reutilização de software visando o desenvolvimento incremental e sistemático de aplicações ubíquas com base nos blocos de construção propostos; (iii) um modelo de raciocínio focado em regras condicionais de lógica nebulosa e no modelo Crença-Desejo-Intenção para melhorar a capacidade cognitiva dos agentes; (iv) um mecanismo específico, baseado em agentes intencionais, para lidar com questões de privacidade, balanceando privacidade e personalização bem como transparência e invisibilidade; (v) um catálogo que graficamente apresenta os principais requisitos não-funcionais ubíquos, as interdependências entre eles e formas de se operacionalizá-los com base na combinação de tecnologias tradicionais e emergentes; (vi) ontologias para permitir a construção dinâmica de interfaces e melhorar a comunicação e inter-operabilidade dos agentes de software; e (vii) um modelo de banco de dados dinâmico para carregar e recuperar os perfis ubíquos (ex. perfis de usuário, dispositivo, rede e contrato), melhorando o gerenciamento de dados em tempo de execução. A abordagem proposta foi avaliada desenvolvendo diferentes aplicações ubíquas (ex. aplicações ubíquas de comércio eletrônico e de clínica odontológica).<br>Ubiquitous applications are embedded in intelligent environments integrated into the physical world and composed of users with different preferences, heterogeneous devices and several content and service providers. Moreover, they focus on offering services and contents anywhere and at any time by assisting the users in their daily activities without disturbing them. Based on this idealized world, the anywhere and at any time paradigm poses some challenges for the Software Engineering community, such as: device heterogeneity, distributed environments, mobility, user satisfaction, content adaptability, context awareness, privacy, personalization, transparency, invisibility and constant evolution of technological trends. In order to deal with these new technological challenges, we propose a Reuse-Oriented Approach for Incremental and Systematic Development of Intentional Ubiquitous Applications. We have chosen two main goals that drive our research in this thesis: (i) the construction of reuse-oriented support sets based on an extensive investigation of ubiquitous applications and the Intentional-Multi-Agent Systems paradigm – i.e. Development for Reuse; and (ii) the incremental and systematic development of Intentional-Multi-Agent-Systems-driven ubiquitous applications based on the reuse-oriented approach – i.e. Development with Reuse. Some contributions of our work are: (i) a reuse-oriented architecture centered on support sets – i.e. building blocks mainly composed of conceptual models, frameworks, patterns and libraries – obtained from the Domain Engineering of Ubiquitous Applications; (ii) a reuse-oriented Ubiquitous Application Engineering for incremental and systematic development of intentional ubiquitous applications centered on the proposed building blocks; (iii) a reasoning engine focused on fuzzy conditional rules and the Belief-Desire-Intention model to improve the agents cognitive capacity; (iv) a specific mechanism based on intentional agents to deal with privacy issues by balancing privacy and personalization as well as transparency and invisibility; (v) a catalogue that graphically presents the main ubiquitous non-functionalrequirements, their interdependencies and ways to operationalize them based on the combination of traditional and emergent technologies; (vi) ontologies to allow the dynamic construction of interfaces and to improve the communication and inter-operability of software agents; and (vii) a dynamic database model to store and retrieve the ubiquitous profiles (e.g. user, device, network and contract profiles) by improving the data management on the fly. The proposed approach was evaluated by developing different ubiquitous applications (e.g. e-commerce and dental clinic ubiquitous applications).
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Riechel, Patrick. "A phased approach to distribution network optimization given incremental supply chain change." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73394.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2012.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).<br>This thesis addresses the question of how to optimize a distribution network when the supply chain has undergone an incremental change. A case study is presented for Company A, a major global biotechnology company that recently acquired a new manufacturing facility in Ireland. Company A already has international operations throughout Europe and the rest of the world through its network of 3rd party logistics providers, wholesalers, and distributors, as well as its own Benelux-based international distribution center. It now seeks to optimize its current network by taking into consideration the possibility of distributing product directly out of Ireland and by potentially outsourcing some of the distribution currently sourced from its Benelux facility. The thesis uses a phased approach to optimizing the network in order to tackle the common enterprise challenges of 1) building consensus around the solution and 2) simultaneously learning about the problem while attempting to solve it in order to meet a compressed project schedule. Through a number of simplifications, the thesis reduces the problem scope to a level that both enables the use of this phased approach and provides for a less-complex and less time-intense analysis manageable within the given time frame. The unique characteristics of the biotechnology industry drive the analysis to closely study direct effects of and potential risks to availability and lead-time of the various distribution options while trading off distribution, packaging, inventory, and capital expenditure costs. The recommendations resulting from the analysis described in this thesis are used to inform Company A's future distribution strategy regarding additional warehousing capacities, the continued use of the Benelux facility, as well as potential strategic partnerships with 3rd party logistics service providers.<br>by Patrick Riechel.<br>S.M.<br>M.B.A.
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Faragher, Tamsin. "Sustainable water governance: An incremental approach towards a decentralised, hybrid water system." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29658.
Full textAbstract:
Cape Town is experiencing its worst drought in recorded history. Notwithstanding that the Western Cape has always been a water scarce region, it is this current drought that has brought home the area’s inherent vulnerability and highlighted the governance issues. The world wherein South Africa’s water governance was created is very different to the world we find ourselves in today. It is a world of uncertainty and unpredictability not contemplated in water governance comprised of legislation, policy, guidelines and practice. The current water governance constructs a conventional approach based upon predictability and certainty and is no longer appropriate to meet today’s new challenges. Consistent with this conventional approach, Cape Town’s municipal water supply is almost completely dependent upon surface water which makes it even more vulnerable to drought than if its supply was comprised of a variety of water supply options. With surface water sources fully exploited and storage opportunities within the urban edge limited alternative water supply options must be more seriously considered and the water governance reformed to accommodate its use. Water governance is the focus of reform because it is the framework for infrastructure planning and therefore controls the resultant system, infrastructure and management. This thesis interrogates the current water governance as the starting point before firstly discussing the proposed incremental approach towards a decentralised, hybrid system for water infrastructure and secondly, identifying specific areas where intervention is necessary for implementation.
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Alameddin, Shadi [Verfasser]. "A semi-incremental model order reduction approach for fatigue damage computations / Shadi Alameddin." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1209267985/34.
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Watkins, Adam James. "A new approach to rotary 2D metrology using an IME (incremental motion encoder)." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430260.
Full textAbstract:
Machines, such as gantry robots, CNC or milling machines, must be able to perform consistently over time, and any degradation in performance due to changes in speed, age or mechanical failure must be detected or predicted as early as possible. Ultimately these changes lead to positioning errors and vibrations within the machine. To maintain accuracy the machines may checked 'on-site' or they may be 'mapped' in terms of desired and actual tool-tip position. These maps can then be integrated into the controlling software or hardware to improve performance. Monitoring the machines can form part of a feedback control loop. In order to carry out machine monitoring a number of devices are available. These include interferometers, ballbars, grid encoders and accelerometers for measuring vibration levels. None of these techniques forms a complete metrology solution. Some have limited coverage of the machine bed, others are too fragile to use on a working machine, and some do not provide the level of detail required to carry out a proper assessment of the machine. Initial investigations showed that vibrations are a key parameter to be monitored when making an accurate measurement of machine performance. Vibrations can reveal wear in components indicating imminent breakdown and they can themselves cause damage to the machine. Vibrations are commonly caused by rotating mechanical components. Patented in 1992, and developed within the Intelligent Machines Group, the Incremental Motion Encoder (IME) is a novel means of monitoring the motion of rotating shafts. The IME is a development of the angular encoder which uses 3 or more read heads. One read head allows the measurement of angular change. The use of multiple read heads allows it to detect lateral, as well as angular, changes in position. It is capable of measuring the submicrometre vibrations in rotating shafts over a wide bandwidth. By attaching an IME to the end effector of a machine it is possible to monitor the complete range of vibrations that occur at the end effector. A novel metrology technique, based on the attachment of the IME to the machine head, has been developed. This technique complements the measurement of vibrations with the remote monitoring of machine position. Laser triangulation is used to constantly track the position of the IME as it moves with the machine. The angles required to perform the triangulation are measured by using a laser that rotates with the IME. The laser beam strikes photosites at the periphery of the machine's range of motion allowing their angular position to be recorded by the rotating IME. The new technique has been developed and a test rig scanning unit has been constructed for evaluation. The test rig's construction allows for the measurement of angles against background torsion al vibrations. Lateral vibrations were prevented from occurring. Results from the test rig scanning unit indicate that the IME can be used for the measurement of angles of the order of 0.006 radians, which can then used for the triangulation of the scanner's position. Small changes in the position of the scanner (O.lmm) can also be detected making the technique suitable for the tracking of crude machine position. Further, investigations have involved the addition of an external torsional vibration source to the scanning unit and it has been shown that they distort the angular measurements. Algorithms based on filtering have been developed to use the IME data to compensate for such distortions. The algorithms have been evaluated using known angular changes and show a considerable reduction in the angular errors due to vibrations (a five-fold decrease in standard deviation from just under 0.0006 radians to 0.0001 radians).
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Ison, Stephen G. "The policy process and urban road pricing : an incremental approach to decision-making." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7471.
Full textAbstract:
The issue of urban road pricing is currently receiving a great deal of attention. The subject matter has a long history, stretching back to the economic literature of the mid-19th century with a significant renewal of academic interest during the 1960's. Whilst the theoretical basis for urban road pricing has been cogently put forward, an apparent sound economic rationale does not, of itself, ensure political and public acceptanceH. ow then should decision-makingp roceed if the aim is ultimately one of implementing an urban road pricing scheme in the UK? As such, the aim of this thesis is to analyse the process of decision-making with respect to urban road pricing, to develop a theoretical framework for the subsequent empirical research undertaken on road pricing, and to suggest policy options, thus informing the development of policy and furthering the debate among policy-makers. In effect, an incremental approach to urban road pricing decision-making is proposed, which stresses that decisions are generally taken in small adjustments from the existing state of affairs and invariably necessitatet he attainment of agreementb etweent he various stakeholders. Two empirical methods are used in order to analyse this framework. First, a national survey of key stakeholder groups (most notably decision-makers), who have an interest in urban road pricing; and, second, a local case study based on face-to-face interviews with decision-makers who had first-hand experience of the first ever trial of an urban road pricing scheme in the UK - namely congestion metering in the city of Cambridge. This research finds that an incremental approach to urban road pricing decisionmaking is the most appropriate. In order to increase the acceptance of urban road pricing, schemes should be designed so that the various interest groups can gradually adjust to the changes in an incremental way by starting with policies that are currently in force and then considering only step-by-step change. It is still possible however, for change to take place beyond that envisaged by the incremental approach. For this to occur, it would require factors such as the existence of a policy entrepreneur, in situ, who is able to drive the process forward.
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Garzón, Miguel Alejandro. "Reverse Engineering Object-Oriented Systems into Umple: An Incremental and Rule-Based Approach." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32615.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates a novel approach to reverse engineering, in which modeling information such as UML associations, state machines and attributes is incrementally added to code written in Java or C++, while maintaining the system in a textual format. Umple is a textual representation that blends modeling in UML with programming language code. The approach, called umplification, produces a program with behavior identical to the original one, but written in Umple and enhanced with model-level abstractions. As the resulting program is Umple code, our approach eliminates the distinction between code and model. We implemented automated umplification in a tool called the Umplificator. The tool is rule-driven: code, including Umple code, is parsed and processed into an internal representation, which is then operated on by rules; transformed textual code and model, in Umple, is then generated. The rules used to transform code to model have been iteratively refined by using the tool on a variety of open-source software systems.
The thesis consists of three main parts. The first part (Chapters 1 and 2) present the research questions and research methodology, as well as introducing Umple and the background necessary to understand the rest of the thesis. The umplification method is presented at increasing levels of detail through Chapters 3 and 4. Chapters 5 and 6 present the tool and evaluation of our approach, respectively. An analysis of related work, and comparison to our own, appears in Chapter 7. Finally, conclusions and future work directions are presented in Chapter 8.
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Madhavan, Srivatsan. "Tws a c++ translator writing system designed for the incremental approach to teaching translation /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000882.
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Tressou, Benjamin. "Contribution à l'homogénéisation des milieux viscoélastiques et introduction du couplage avec la température par extensions d'une approche incrémentale directe." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESMA0004/document.
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Cette thèse traite de la modélisation micromécanique de composites viscoélastiques via une approche incrémentale(Al) proposée par Lahellec et Suquet (2007). En plus d'être fondée sur un cadre thermodynamique rigoureux, 1' Al permet une résolution du problème local dans l'espace-temps réel (i.e. sans passage dans l'espace de Laplace). Le premier objectif est d'élargir le spectre d'application de I' Al en termes de lois viscoélastiques locales et de microstructures. Le second objectif est de tenter d'introduire au sein de l'AI la prise en compte des effets de couplage entre la viscoélasticité et la température (couplage thermoélastique mais aussi l'échauffement induit par la dissipation viscoélastique). Tout d'abord, I' Al est codée en Python• puis le programme validé pour des lois viscoélastiques linéaires simples, des microstructures et des chargements déjà étudiés dans les travaux de Lahellec et Suquet. Une seconde partie opère une généralisation théorique de l'AI à de multiples variables internes, non nécessairement déviatoriques et des phases non nécessairement isotropes. Les différentes extensions sont validées progressivement par confrontations aux solutions exactes de référence (champs complets) et en particulier l'efficacité de I' Al étendue à traiter des matrices de type Maxwell généralisé (sans et avec déformations volumiques anélastiques). Cette partie se termine par une démonstration concrète de la possible associat on de l'AI à trois schémas d'homogénéisation (Mori-Tanaka, Double Inclusion, schéma de Malekmohammadi et al. (2014)) en vue de traiter diverses morphologies (composites à fibres, à particules, et à copeaux anisotropes de bois lamellés). La dernière partie traite du couplage entre la viscoélasticité et la température au sein de l'AI. Les versions initiale et discrétisée dans le temps du problème hétérogène thermoviscoélastique fortement couplé sont formulées. Puis, plusieurs degrés de couplage sont envisagés selon une approche progressive des difficultés. Le cas du seul couplage thermoélastique est tout d'abord étudié (couplage de la thermique vers la mécanique, sans résolution de l'équation de la cha leur). les estimations obtenues pour plusieurs chargements thermomécaniques imposés à un milieu périodique contenant des fibres élastiques, thermoélastiques puis thermoviscoélastiques,dans une matrice thermoviscoélastique sont confrontées avec succès aux solutions de référence. Enfin, la résolution simultanée de l'équation de la chaleur est abordée en intégrant comme terme source la dissipation viscoélastique au sein de la matrice en plus du terme de couplage thermoélastique, les fibres étant considérées élastiques. Les évolutions de la température et de la réponse globales révèlent des tendances cohérentes<br>This study is devoted to the micromechanical modeling of viscoelastic composites using an incremental approach (IA) due to Lahellec and Suquet (2007). ln addition to be based on a rigorous thermodynamic framework, the IA allows solving the heterogeneous viscoelastic problem in the real time domain (i.e. without the Laplace transform). The first aim is to extend the IA application range in terms of local linear viscoelastic laws and microstructures. The second one is to attempt to introduce the coupling effects between the viscoelasticity and the temperature within the IA framework. First, the IA is coded in Python• and the program validated for simple viscoelastic laws, and for microstructures and loading paths already studied in Lahellec and Suquet (2007). The second part focuses on a theoretical generalization of the IA for many internal variables which are not necessarily deviatoric and for anisotropie phases. The resulting estlmates are progressively validated by confrontation to reference so lutions (full -field simulations) and especially the IA ability to deal with matrices described by generalized Maxwell laws (without and with volumetric anelastic strains). This part ends with a demonstration of the possible association of the IA with three linear homogenization schemes (Mori-Tanaka, Lielen's interpolation, scheme of Malekmohammadi et al. (2014)) in order to deal with various morphologies (fiber or part icle reinforced composites, wood strand-based composites). The last part focuses on the coupling between the viscoelasticity and the temperature within the IA framework. The initial and time discretized versions of the strongly coupled local problem are formulated. Then, increasing coupling levels are envisioned for a progressive approach of the solving procedure. The thermoelastic coupling, alone, is first studied (effect of the thermies on mechanics, without solving the heat equation). The resulting estimates for a periodic microstructure with elastic, thermoelastic then thermoviscoelastic fibers, in a thermoviscoelastic matrix are successfully compared to reference solutions. At last, the heat equation is simultaneously solved by taklng into account the viscoelastic dissipation within the matrix as a source term, in addition to the thermoelastic coupling term. The evolutions of the global temperature and response reveal relevant tendencies
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Yu, Yong. "An information theoretical incremental approach to sensor-based motion planning for eye-in-hand systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ61698.pdf.
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Jefferies, A. S. "An incrementally compiled code approach to concurrent switch level logic simulation." Thesis, University of Kent, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374685.
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Bekmann, Joachim Peter Computer Science & Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Rapid development of problem-solvers with HeurEAKA! - a heuristic evolutionary algorithm and incremental knowledge acquisition approach." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Computer Science and Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25748.
Full textAbstract:
A new approach for the development of problem-solvers for combinatorial problems is proposed in this thesis. The approach combines incremental knowledge acquisition and probabilistic search algorithms, such as evolutionary algorithms, to allow a human to rapidly develop problem-solvers in new domains in a framework called HeurEAKA. The approach addresses a known problem, that is, adapting evolutionary algorithms to the search domain by the introduction of domain knowledge. The development of specialised problem-solvers has historically been labour intensive. Implementing a problem-solver from scratch is very time consuming. Another approach is to adapt a general purpose search strategy to the problem domain. This is motivated by the observation that in order to scale an algorithm to solve complex problems, domain knowledge is needed. At present there is no systematic approach allowing one to efficiently engineer a specialpurpose search strategy for a given search problem. This means that, for example, adapting evolutionary algorithms (which are general purpose algorithms) is often very difficult and has lead some people to refer to their use as a ???black art???. In the HeurEAKA approach, domain knowledge is introduced by incrementally building a knowledge base that controls parts of the evolutionary algorithm. For example, the fitness function and the mutation operators in a genetic algorithm. An evolutionary search algorithm ismonitored by a human whomakes recommendations on search strategy based on individual solution candidates. It is assumed that the human has a reasonable intuition of the search problem. The human adds rules to a knowledge base describing how candidate solutions can be improved, or why they are desirable or undesirable in the search for a good solution. The incremental knowledge acquisition approach is inspired by the idea of (Nested) Ripple Down Rules. This approach sees a human provide exception rules to rules already existing in the knowledge base using concrete examples of inappropriate performance of the existing knowledge base. The Nested Ripple Down Rules (NRDR) approach allows humans to compose rules using concepts that are natural and intuitive to them. In HeurEAKA, NRDR are significantly adapted to form part of a probabilistic search algorithm. The probabilistic search algorithms used in the presented system are a genetic algorithm and a hierarchical bayesian optimization algorithm. The success of the HeurEAKA approach is demonstrated in experiments undertaken on industrially relevant domains. Problem-solvers were developed for detailed channel and switchbox routing in VLSI design and traffic light optimisation for urban road networks. The problem-solvers were developed in a short amount of time, in domains where a large amount of effort has gone into developing existing algorithms. Experiments show that chosen benchmark problems are solved as well or better than existing approaches. Particularly in the traffic light optimisation domain excellent results are achieved.
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Damchoom, Kriangsak. "An incremental refinement approach to a development of a flash-based file system in Event-B." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/165595/.
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Nowadays, many formal methods are used in the area of software development accompanied by a number of advanced theories and tools. However, more experiments are still required in order to provide significant evidence that will convince and encourage users to use, and gain more benefits from, those theories and tools. Event-B is a formalism used for specifying and reasoning about systems. Rodin is an open and extensible tool for Event-B specification, refinement and proof. The flash file system is a complex system. Such systems are a challenge to specify and verify at this moment in time. This system was chosen as a case study for our experiments, carried out using Event-B and the Rodin tool. The experiments were aimed at developing a rigorous model of flash-based file system; including implementation of the model, providing useful evidence and guidelines to developers and the software industry. We believe that these would convince users and make formal methods more accessible. An incremental refinement was chosen as a strategy in our development. The refinement was used for two different purposes: feature augmentation and structural refinement (covering event and machine decomposition). Several techniques and styles of modelling were investigated and compared; to produce some useful guidelines for modelling, refinement and proof. The model of the flash-based file system we have completed covers three main issues: fault-tolerance, concurrency and wear-levelling process. Our model can deal with concurrent read/write operations and other processes such as block relocation and block erasure. The model tolerates faults that may occur during reading/writing of files. We believe our development acts as an exemplar that other developers can learn from. We also provide systematic rules for translation of Event-B models into Java code. However, more work is required to make these rules more applicable and useful in the future
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Singh, Shailendra. "Smart Meters Big Data : Behavioral Analytics via Incremental Data Mining and Visualization." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35244.
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The big data framework applied to smart meters offers an exception platform for data-driven forecasting and decision making to achieve sustainable energy efficiency. Buying-in consumer confidence through respecting occupants' energy consumption behavior and preferences towards improved participation in various energy programs is imperative but difficult to obtain. The key elements for understanding and predicting household energy consumption are activities occupants perform, appliances and the times that appliances are used, and inter-appliance dependencies. This information can be extracted from the context rich big data from smart meters, although this is challenging because: (1) it is not trivial to mine complex interdependencies between appliances from multiple concurrent data streams; (2) it is difficult to derive accurate relationships between interval based events, where multiple appliance usage persist; (3) continuous generation of the energy consumption data can trigger changes in appliance associations with time and appliances. To overcome these challenges, we propose an unsupervised progressive incremental data mining technique using frequent pattern mining (appliance-appliance associations) and cluster analysis (appliance-time associations) coupled with a Bayesian network based prediction model. The proposed technique addresses the need to analyze temporal energy consumption patterns at the appliance level, which directly reflect consumers' behaviors and provide a basis for generalizing household energy models. Extensive experiments were performed on the model with real-world datasets and strong associations were discovered. The accuracy of the proposed model for predicting multiple appliances usage outperformed support vector machine during every stage while attaining accuracy of 81.65\%, 85.90\%, 89.58\% for 25\%, 50\% and 75\% of the training dataset size respectively. Moreover, accuracy results of 81.89\%, 75.88\%, 79.23\%, 74.74\%, and 72.81\% were obtained for short-term (hours), and long-term (day, week, month, and season) energy consumption forecasts, respectively.
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Borges, Vinicius Ruela Pereira. "A computer-assisted approach to supporting taxonomical classification of freshwater green microalga images." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-07022017-163412/.
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The taxonomical identification of freshwater green microalgae is highly relevant problem in Phycology. In particular, the taxonomical identification of samples from the Selenastraceae family of algae is considered particularly problematic with many known inconsistencies. Biologists manually inspect and analyze microscope images of alga strains, and typically carry out several complex and time-consuming procedures that demand considerable expert knowledge. Such practical limitations motivated this investigation on the applicability of image processing, pattern recognition and visual data mining techniques to support the biologists in tasks of species identification. This thesis describes methodologies for the classification of green alga images, considering both traditional automated classification processes and also a user-assisted incremental classification process supported by Neighbor Joining tree visualizations. In this process, users can interact with the visualizations to introduce their knowledge into the classification process, e.g. by selecting suitable training sets and evaluate the results, thus steering the classification process. In order for visualization and classification to be feasible, accurate features must be obtained from the images capable of distinguishing between the different species of algae. As morphological shape properties are a fundamental property in identifying species, suitable segmentation and shape feature extraction strategies have been developed. This was particularly challenging, as different alga species share common morphological characteristics. Two segmentation methodologies are introduced, in which one relies on the level set method and the other is based on the region growing principle. Although the contour-based approach is capable of handling the uneven conditions of green alga images, its computation is time-consuming and not suitable for real time applications. A specialized formulation of the region-based methodology is proposed that considers the specific characteristics of the green alga images handled. This second formulation was shown to be more efficient than the level set approach and generates highly accurate segmentations. Once accurate alga segmentation is achieved, two descriptors are proposed that capture alga shape properties, and also an effective general shape descriptor that computes quantitative measures from two signatures associated to the shape properties. Experimental results are described that indicate that the proposed solutions can be useful to biologists conducting alga identification tasks once it reduces their effort and attains satisfactory discrimination among species.<br>A identificação taxonômica de algas verdes de água doce é um problema de extrema relevância na Ficologia. Identificar espécies de algas da família Selenastraceae é uma tarefa complexa devido às inconsistências existentes em sua taxonomia, reconhecida como problemática. Os biólogos analisam manualmente imagens de microscópio de cepas de algas e realizam diversos procedimentos demorados que necessitamde conhecimento sólido. Tais limitaçõesmotivaramo estudo da aplicabilidade de técnicas de processamento de imagens, reconhecimento de padrões e mineração visual de dados para apoiar os biólogos em tarefas de identificação de espécies de algas. Esta tese descreve metodologias computacionais para a classificação de imagens de algas verdes, nas abordagens tradicional e baseada em classificação visual incremental com participação do usuário. Nesta última, os usuários interagem com visualizações baseadas em árvores filogenéticas para utilizar seu conhecimento no processo de classificação, como por exemplo, na seleção de instâncias relevantes para o conjunto de treinamento de um classificador, como também na avaliação dos resultados. De forma a viabilizar o uso de classificadores e técnicas de visualização, vetores de características devem ser obtidos das imagens de algas verdes. Neste trabalho, utiliza-se extração de características de forma, uma vez que a taxonomia da família Selenastraceae considera primordialmente as características morfológicas na identificação das espécies. No entanto, a obtenção de características representativas requer que as algas sejam precisamente segmentadas das imagens. Esta é, de fato, uma tarefa altamente desafiadora considerando a baixa qualidade das imagens e a maneira pelas quais as algas se organizam nas imagens. Duas metodologias de segmentação foram introduzidas: uma baseada no método Level Set e outra baseada no algoritmo de crescimento de regiões. A primeira se mostrou robusta e consegue identificar com alta precisão as algas nas imagens, mas seu tempo de execução é alto. A outra apresenta maior precisão e é mais rápida, uma vez que as técnicas de pré-processamento são especializadas para as imagens de algas verdes. Uma vez segmentadas as algas, dois descritores para caracterizar as imagens foram propostos: um baseado em características geométricas básicas e outro que utiliza medidas quantitativas calculadas a partir das assinaturas de forma. Resultados experimentais indicaram que as soluções propostas têm um bom potencial para serem utilizadas em tarefas de identificação taxonômica de algas verdes, uma vez que reduz o esforço nos procedimentos manuais e obtém-se classificações satisfatórias.
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BATISTA, FABIO RODRIGO SIQUEIRA. "ESTIMATION OF THE CARBON MARKET INCREMENTAL PAYOFF FOR RENEWABLE ELECTRIC GENERATION PROJECTS IN BRAZIL: A REAL OPTION APPROACH." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10170@1.
Full textAbstract:
A recente entrada em vigor do Protocolo de Quioto e as
pesadas multas
impostas às empresas européias que não conseguirem reduzir
as suas emissões de
CO2, fazem do mercado de carbono uma realidade na América
Latina. O Brasil se
destaca como um dos países de maior potencial para
exportar créditos de carbono
no mundo, em grande parte, devido ao seu potencial para
produzir energia elétrica
a partir de fontes renováveis. Entretanto, a real
atratividade desse negócio ainda é
desconhecida no âmbito do setor elétrico brasileiro, tanto
pela dificuldade
encontrada para se estimar a sua produção efetiva de
créditos de carbono, quanto
pelo não reconhecimento das flexibilidades gerenciais
embutidas neste mercado.
Neste contexto, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é
desenvolver um arcabouço
metodológico capaz de determinar o valor incremental do
mercado de carbono nos
projetos de geração de energia elétrica em sistemas
hidrotérmicos interligados, tal
como o sistema brasileiro. Para tanto as metodologias
ACM0002 [1] e AMS-I.D
[2], ambas aprovadas pelo Comitê Executivo do Protocolo de
Quioto, serão
empregadas no cálculo da linha de base desses projetos.
Além disso, uma vez que
o preço do crédito de carbono pode ser considerado uma
variável aleatória, a
Teoria das Opções Reais será utilizada para avaliar as
flexibilidades gerenciais
embutidas no negócio. A opção considerada é avaliada pelos
métodos Binomial,
dos Mínimos Quadrados, e de Grant, Vora & Weeks. Os
processos estocásticos
Geométrico Browniano e de Difusão com Saltos são
utilizados para modelar o
preço do crédito de carbono.<br>The recent ratification of the Kyoto Protocol and the
heavy penalties
imposed on the European firms not reducing their
Greenhouse Gas emissions,
make the Carbon Market a real asset for Latin America. In
this context, Brazil
appears as one of the biggest producers of Certified
Emissions Reductions, mostly
because of its potential to generate electricity power
from renewable sources.
Unfortunately, the real attractivity of this business is
still unknown in the
Brazilian Electric Sector, mainly because of the
difficulties in estimating the
future production level of the emission reductions and
because of the existence of
some managerial flexibilities that usually are note
recognized in this market. In
this context, the main objective of this work is to
develop a methodology to
evaluate the incremental payoff of the carbon market on
electricity generation
projects of interconnected hydrothermal systems, such as
the Brazilian System.
The methodologies ACM0002 [1] and AMS-I.D [2], both
approved by the Kyoto
Protocol Executive Board, will be used to determine the
baseline of these projects.
Besides that, considering that the carbon price is a
random variable, the Real
Option Approach will be used to evaluate the embedded
managerial flexibilities
on this business. The considered real option may be
evaluate by using the
binomial tree, least square Monte Carlo and the Grant,
Vora & Weeks methods.
Both the Geometric Brownian Motion and the Jump Diffusion
processes will be
used to model the price of the emission reductions.
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Moraco, Anna Giuglia Menechelli. "Ajuste incremental de estabilizadores para geradores e dispositivos TCSC-POD em sistemas de potência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-04012016-165847/.
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O constante aumento da demanda de energia elétrica sobre as redes e a necessidade de interligação de sistemas através de longas linhas de transmissão, culminaram em problemas relacionados à estabilidade do sistema de potência multimáquinas. Tais problemas envolvem oscilações eletromecânicas de baixa frequência classicadas como modos interáreas. Os modos interáreas são caracterizados por oscilações de frequências de até 1Hz e representam oscilações de um grupo de geradores de uma área contra grupos de geradores de outras áreas. Umavezqueoempregodeestabilizadoresdesistemasdepotência(ESP)possanãosersucienteparagarantirumamortecimentoadequadoaessesmodos,osdispositivosFACTSsurgem como uma alternativa ecaz para o amortecimento de oscilações de baixa frequência. Para este m, o Capacitor Série Controlado por Tiristor (TCSC - Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor) é um dispositivo FACTS comumente empregado e quando utilizado juntamente com um controlador suplementar para amortecimento de oscilações de potência (POD - Power Oscillation Damping) garante ao sistema de potência estabilidade e amortecimento adequado. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho de mestrado é realizar o projeto coordenado de controladores ESP e TCSC-POD efetuando um ajuste incremental dos parâmetros dos controladores através da formulação do problema por otimização e programação quadrática. Tal técnica foi utilizada anteriormente somente para o projeto de ESPs. No caso deste trabalho será feita uma adaptação para estender a possibilidade de aplicação da metodologia para casos com dispositivos FACTS presentes.<br>The increasing demand for electricity over networks and the need for systems interconnection through long transmission lines, resulted in problems related to the multi-machine power systemstability. Theseproblemsinvolvelowfrequencyoscillationsclassiedasinterareasmodes. These modes are characterized by oscillations in frequencies up to 1 Hz, and represent a group of generators from one area oscillating against generator groups from other areas. Once the use of power system stabilyzers (PSS) controllers may not be sucient to ensure adequate damping to these modes, the FACTS devices emerge as an ecient alternative to damping low frequency oscillations. For this purpose, the TCSC (Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor)isacommonlyusedFACTSdeviceandwhenitisusedtogetherwithasupplementary controller POD (Power Oscillation Damping), ensures stability to power system and adequate damping. These controllers have the same structure as the PSS controllers. Therefore, the objective of this work is to carry out the coordinated design of PSS and TCSC-POD controllers, performing an incremental adjustment of the controllers parameters by formulating the problem as an optimization problem using quadratic programming. This method was previously used only for PSS design. In the case of this work, it is made an adaptation to extend the applicability of the methodology for cases in which there are FACTS devices present.
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Zhang, Jun [Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Dolg, and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Hanrath. "Incremental Scheme: A General Approach For Electron Correlation Computations of Large Molecules / Jun Zhang. Gutachter: Michael Dolg ; Michael Hanrath." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071369830/34.
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Galetic, Anne-Catherine 1967. "How one city in Côte d'Ivoire successfully tackled its sanitation problem : building popular support and adopting an incremental approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66378.
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Siefkes, Christian. "An incrementally trainable statistical approach to information extraction based on token classification and rich context models." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2007/173/index.html.
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Biondi, Franco, and Fares Qeadan. "A Theory-Driven Approach To Tree-Ring Standardization: Defining The Biological Trend From Expected Basal Area Increment." Tree-Ring Society, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622585.
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One of the main elements of dendrochronological standardization is removing the biological
trend, i.e. the progressive decline of ring width along a cross-sectional radius that is caused by the corresponding increase in stem size and tree age over time. The ‘‘conservative’’ option for removing this biological trend is to fit a modified negative exponential curve (or a straight line with slope ≤ 0) to the ring-width measurements. This method is based on the assumption that, especially for open-grown and/or shade-intolerant species, annual growth rate of mature trees fluctuates around a specific level, expressed by a constant ring width. Because this method has numerical and conceptual drawbacks, we propose an alternative approach based on the assumption that constant growth is expressed by a constant basal area increment distributed over a growing surface. From this starting point, we derive a mathematical expression for the biological trend of ring width, which can be easily calculated and used for dendrochronological standardization. The proposed C-method is compared to other standardization techniques, including Regional Curve Standardization (RCS), of tree-ring width from ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P.Lawson & C.Lawson) located at the Gus Pearson Natural Area (GPNA) in northern Arizona, USA. Master ring-index chronologies built from ring area, RCS, and C-method reproduced stand-wide patterns of tree growth at the GPNA, whereas other standardization options, including the ‘‘conservative’’ one, failed to do so. In addition, the C-method has the advantage of calculating an expected growth curve for each tree, whereas RCS is based on applying the same growth curve to all trees. In conclusion, the C-method replaces the purely empirical ‘‘conservative’’ option with a theory based approach, which is applicable to individual ring-width measurement series, does not require fitting a growth curve using nonlinear regression, and can be rigorously tested for improving tree-ring records of environmental changes.
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Waitman, Sergio. "A piecewise-affine approach to nonlinear performance." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC017/document.
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Lorsqu’on fait face à des systèmes non linéaires, les notions classiques de stabilité ne suffisent pas à garantir un comportement approprié vis-à-vis de problématiques telles que le suivi de trajectoires, la synchronisation et la conception d’observateurs. La stabilité incrémentale a été proposée en tant qu’outil permettant de traiter de tels problèmes et de garantir que le système présente des comportements qualitatifs pertinents. Cependant, comme c’est souvent le cas avec les systèmes non linéaires, la complexité de l’analyse conduit les ingénieurs à rechercher des relaxations, ce qui introduit du conservatisme. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la stabilité incrémentale d’une classe spécifique de systèmes, à savoir les systèmes affines par morceaux, qui pourraient fournir un outil avantageux pour aborder la stabilité incrémentale de systèmes dynamiques plus génériques.Les systèmes affines par morceaux ont un espace d’états partitionné, et sa dynamique dans chaque région est régie par une équation différentielle affine. Ils peuvent représenter des systèmes contenant des non linéarités affines par morceaux, ainsi que servir comme des approximations de systèmes non linéaires plus génériques. Ce qui est plus important, leur description est relativement proche de celle des systèmes linéaires, ce qui permet d’obtenir des conditions d’analyse exprimées comme des inégalités matricielles linéaires qui peuvent être traités numériquement de façon efficace par des solveurs existants.Dans la première partie de ce document de thèse, nous passons en revue la littérature sur l’analyse des systèmes affines par morceaux en utilisant des techniques de Lyapunov et la dissipativité. Nous proposons ensuite de nouvelles conditions pour l’analyse du gain L2 incrémental et la stabilité asymptotique incrémentale des systèmes affines par morceaux exprimés en tant qu’inégalités matricielles linéaires. Ces conditions sont montrées être moins conservatives que les résultats précédents et sont illustrées par des exemples numériques.Dans la deuxième partie, nous considérons le cas des systèmes affines par morceaux incertains représentés comme l’interconnexion entre un système nominal et un bloc d’incertitude structuré. En utilisant la théorie de la séparation des graphes, nous proposons des conditions qui étendent le cadre des contraintes quadratiques intégrales afin de considérer le cas où le système nominal est affine par morceaux, à la fois dans les cas non incrémental et incrémental. Via la théorie de la dissipativité, ces conditions sont ensuite exprimées en tant qu’inégalités matricielles linéaires.Finalement, la troisième partie de ce document de thèse est consacrée à l’analyse de systèmes non linéaires de Lur’e incertains. Nous développons une nouvelle technique d’approximation permettant de réécrire ces systèmes de façon équivalente comme des systèmes affines par morceaux incertains connectés avec l’erreur d’approximation. L’approche proposée garantit que l’erreur d’approximation est Lipschitz continue avec la garantie d’une borne supérieure prédéterminée sur la constante de Lipschitz. Cela nous permet d’utiliser les techniques susmentionnées pour analyser des classes plus génériques de systèmes non linéaires<br>When dealing with nonlinear systems, regular notions of stability are not enough to ensure an appropriate behavior when dealing with problems such as tracking, synchronization and observer design. Incremental stability has been proposed as a tool to deal with such problems and ensure that the system presents relevant qualitative behavior. However, as it is often the case with nonlinear systems, the complexity of the analysis leads engineers to search for relaxations, which introduce conservatism. In this thesis, we focus on the incremental stability of a specific class of systems, namely piecewise-affine systems, which could provide a valuable tool for approaching the incremental stability of more general dynamical systems.Piecewise-affine systems have a partitioned state space, in each region of which the dynamics are governed by an affine differential equation. They can represent systems containing piecewise-affine nonlinearities, as well as serve as approximations of more general nonlinear systems. More importantly, their description is relatively close to that of linear systems, allowing us to obtain analysis conditions expressed as linear matrix inequalities that can be efficiently handled numerically by existing solvers.In the first part of this memoir, we review the literature on the analysis of piecewise-affine systems using Lyapunov and dissipativity techniques. We then propose new conditions for the analysis of incremental L2-gain and incremental asymptotic stability of piecewise-affine systems expressed as linear matrix inequalities. These conditions are shown to be less conservative than previous results and illustrated through numerical examples.In the second part, we consider the case of uncertain piecewise-affine systems represented as the interconnection between a nominal system and a structured uncertainty block. Using graph separation theory, we propose conditions that extend the framework of integral quadratic constraints to consider the case when the nominal system is piecewise affine, both in the non-incremental and incremental cases. Through dissipativity theory, these conditions are then expressed as linear matrix inequalities.Finally, the third part of this memoir is devoted to the analysis of uncertain Lur’e-type nonlinear systems. We develop a new approximation technique allowing to equivalently rewrite such systems as uncertain piecewise-affine systems connected with the approximation error. The proposed approach ensures that the approximation error is Lipschitz continuous with a guaranteed pre-specified upper bound on the Lipschitz constant. This enables us to use the aforementioned techniques to analyze more general classes of nonlinear systems
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Yu, Yan. "Contribution au développement d'une approche simplifiée de la simulation numérique du formage incrémental." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0227/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le formage incrémental est un procédé innovant de mise en forme des tôles métalliques utilisant un outil rigide à bout hémisphérique piloté par une machine à Commandes Numériques. La tôle encastrée sur son contour est déformée localement suivant une trajectoire d'outil, définissant ainsi la forme finale de la pièce. Les avantages de ce procédé sont sa très grande flexibilité, son faible coût d'outillage, et sa capacité à raccourcir la chaîne de conception et de fabrication. Le respect de la demande de diminution des coûts, et des délais de développement a rendu la simulation numérique incontournable. De nombreux modèles robustes de simulation basés sur la méthode des éléments finis permettent de prédire la formabilité et la qualité de la géométrie d'une pièce. Les algorithmes classiques de la simulation garantissent des résultats de qualités mais les temps de calculs nécessaire sont encore très élevés. Dans ce contexte, une Approche Simplifiée a été développée afin de réduire les temps de calculs. Cette approche permet de se soustraire à l'intégration de l'outil et de son contact avec la tôle dans l'algorithme de simulation numérique, en les remplaçant par une imposition locale et évolutive de déplacement sur certains nœuds supposés être en contact avec l'outil. Un complément est proposé dans cette thèse pour diminuer la durée d'une séquence de simulation, en utilisant un élément coque triangulaire DKTRF (Discrete Kirchoff Triangle Rotation Free). Cet élément permet de tenir compte des effets de membrane et de flexion avec un nombre de degré de liberté restreint, car les termes en flexion sont définis en fonction des déplacements nodaux des éléments adjacents. L'intégration de cet élément associé à l'Approche Simplifiée pour un maillage régulier dans un problème élasto-plastique donne des résultats géométriques et comportementaux cohérents avec des temps de calculs considérablement réduit par rapport aux simulations numériques effectuées sous ABAQUS®. Les résultats obtenus à l'aide de la simulation numérique d'un cas-test sont par la suite comparés à des résultats expérimentaux, permettant ainsi de valider le modèle et d'étudier les influences des paramètres du procédé sur la pièce finale. Pour ce faire, une méthodologie d'essai expérimentale est développée afin de mieux estimer l'efficacité du procédé de formage incrémentale sur une machine à Commandes Numériques. La technique de mesure utilisée pour caractériser la géométrie (épaisseur et profil) de la pièce est la méthode de numérisation. Cet outil de mesure, retranscrit le plus fidèlement la géométrie de la pièce par l'intermédiaire de caméras et d'un logiciel de post-traitement. Particulièrement bien adapté pour l'évaluation du profil, la méthode d'acquisition reste cependant à optimiser notamment pour l'évaluation de l'épaisseur de la tôle<br>The incremental sheet forming (ISF) is an innovative process in sheet metal forming method by using a hemispherical rigid tool controlled by Computerized Numerical Control machine (CNC). The clamped sheet is locally deformed following a tool path, defining thus the final geometry of the part. The advantages of this method are its high flexibility, its low tooling cost, and its ability to shorten the design and manufacturing chain. The application of the reduction of the overall costs, and development time made the numerical simulation essential. Many robust simulation models based on the finite element method enable to predict the formability and the geometrical quality of the part. Classic algorithms of simulation ensure reliable quality results but necessary computation times (CPU) are still very long. In this context, a Simplified Approach has been developed to reduce the computation time. This approach allows avoiding the integration of the tool and its contact with the sheet into the numerical simulation, by replacing them with a local and progressive displacement imposition of certain nodes supposed to be in contact with the tool. A complementary solution is proposed within this thesis to reduce the CPU times of a simulation sequence, by using a shell element called DKTRF (Discrete Kirchhoff Triangle Rotation Free). This element takes account of the membrane and bending effects with restricted numbers of degrees of freedom, as the flexion terms are defined in accordance with the nodal translational displacements of the adjacent elements. The integration of this element combined with the Simplified Approach for a regular mesh in an elastoplastic problem gives consistent outcomes in geometric and behavioural, with significant diminution of CPU times in comparison with the industrial numerical simulation performed on ABAQUS©. Results obtained by means of numerical simulation of a study case are then compared with experimental results, thereby enabling to validate the model and to study the influences of process parameters on the final piece. To do this, an experimental test procedure is developed in order to evaluate the efficiency of incremental forming process on a Computerized Numerical Control machine (CNC). The measurement technique used to characterize the geometry (thickness and profile) of the piece is the scanning method. The measurement tool, transcribed accurately the geometry of the part via cameras and post-treatment software. Particularly well-suited for the assessment of the profile, the acquisition method remains to be optimize especially for assessing the thickness of the sheet
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Herzig, Sebastian J. I. "A Bayesian learning approach to inconsistency identification in model-based systems engineering." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53576.
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Designing and developing complex engineering systems is a collaborative effort. In Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), this collaboration is supported through the use of formal, computer-interpretable models, allowing stakeholders to address concerns using well-defined modeling languages. However, because concerns cannot be separated completely, implicit relationships and dependencies among the various models describing a system are unavoidable. Given that models are typically co-evolved and only weakly integrated, inconsistencies in the agglomeration of the information and knowledge encoded in the various models are frequently observed. The challenge is to identify such inconsistencies in an automated fashion. In this research, a probabilistic (Bayesian) approach to abductive reasoning about the existence of specific types of inconsistencies and, in the process, semantic overlaps (relationships and dependencies) in sets of heterogeneous models is presented. A prior belief about the manifestation of a particular type of inconsistency is updated with evidence, which is collected by extracting specific features from the models by means of pattern matching. Inference results are then utilized to improve future predictions by means of automated learning. The effectiveness and efficiency of the approach is evaluated through a theoretical complexity analysis of the underlying algorithms, and through application to a case study. Insights gained from the experiments conducted, as well as the results from a comparison to the state-of-the-art have demonstrated that the proposed method is a significant improvement over the status quo of inconsistency identification in MBSE.
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Pollard, S. (Sharon). "Defining flows to protect instream biota : a critique of the instream flow incremental methodology and the development of a hierarchical habitat-based approach, using the pennant-tailed catlet, Chiloglanis anoterus in the Marite River, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6160.
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Bibliography: leaves 249-279.<br>This thesis focusses on two approaches to determining Instream Flow Requirements (IFR) for regulated rivers, specifically in the sub-tropical eastern region of South Afiica using a flow-sensitive fish species, the pennant-tailed catlett 07iloglanis anoterus. In response to the diminishing and altered flow regimes of rivers, and the ecological consequences, a range of methodologies has evolved that attempt to quantify IFRs for rivers. One group of methods that attempts to do this are known as habitat-assessment approaches. They focus specifically on understanding how changes in river flow affect the quantity of physical instream habitat. The most widely used of these is the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (lAM) and it's associated computer packages, PHABSIM II. More recently, South Africa has also turned its attention of ways to defining IFRs. Given lAM's prominence internationally, it was considered as one potential methodology. Nonetheless, its applicability to local conditions required testing. At the same time, the easterly-flowing rivers were under increasing development pressure, providing a particular immediacy to find appropriate means to define IFRs. Thus, my research was designed to assess the downstream effects of the Injaka Dam on the physical habitat of a flow-sensitive fish species of the Marite River. Specifically, it aimed to test the local applicability of lAM, based on the microhabitat requirements of C anoterus, and to explore an alternative approach if it were found to be unsuitable. Microhabitat is described on the basis of three hydraulic variables: depth, velocity and Channel Index (substratum and cover).
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Rousseau, Guillaume. "Modélisation de la durée de vie en fretting-fatigue sous chargements d'amplitudes variables." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST020.
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Dans ce manuscrit, une nouvelle méthode pour prendre en compte l’effet du gradient et prédire la durée de vie en fretting-fatigue est proposée.Cette approche consiste à représenter le mouvement au voisinage du front de contact en utilisant un ensemble de degrés de liberté et de champs spatiaux de référence.Les facteurs d'intensité de ces champs spatiaux sont un ensemble de variables non-locales qui constituent les degrés de liberté du problème. Il est démontré qu'un très petit nombre suffit à décrire avec précision le problème mécanique.Des analyses 3D par éléments finis ont été réalisées, d'abord pour construire le cadre de cette approximation, ensuite pour quantifier sa précision et enfin pour déterminer la réponse non-linéaire d'un contact tridimensionnel dans des conditions de frottement multiaxiales. Un modèle de comportement incrémental a été développé pour prédire cette réponse non-linéaire et a été comparé aux résultats des analyses par éléments finis.Enfin, ces facteurs d'intensité non locaux sont utilisés pour établir un critère d'amorçage de fissure et la durée de vie en fretting-fatigue est comparée aux données expérimentales.Cette représentation non-locale a l'avantage d'être indépendante de la géométrie des solides en contact. Ainsi, les facteurs d'intensité peuvent être utilisés pour prédire le comportement d'un assemblage industriel à l'échelle réelle en utilisant les données obtenues sur des géométrie de laboratoire<br>In this manuscript a new method to describe the stress gradient effect and predict the life in fretting-fatigue is proposed.This approach consists of representing the movement in the vicinity of a contact front by using a set of degrees of freedom and reference spatial fields.The intensity factors of these reference spatial fields are hence a set of non-local variables which constitute the degrees of freedom of the problem. It is shown that a very small number of them is required to accurately describe the mechanical problem.3D finite element analyses were conducted, first to build the framework of this approximation, second to qualify its accuracy and finally to determine the non-linear response of a contact in multiaxial fretting-fatigue conditions. An incremental constitutive model was developed to predict this non-linear response and was compared to the results of the finite elements analyses.Finally, these non-local intensity factors are used to set up crack initiation criteria and the predicted crack initiation threshold. Then, fretting fatigue lives are compared to experimental data.This non-local representation has the advantage of being independent of the geometry of the contacting bodies. So, intensity factors can be used to predict the behavior of real-scale industrial assembly using data obtained on laboratory test geometry
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Huang, Yongliang. "Une approche incrémentale pour l’extraction de séquences de franchissement dans un Réseau de Petri Temporisé : application à la reconfiguration des systèmes de production flexibles." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0018/document.
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Cette thèse a pour objectif la génération de séquences de franchissement dans les Réseaux de Petri Temporisés (RdPT) en utilisant une approche incrémentale. Le verrou principal auquel est confronté ce travail est l’explosion combinatoire qui résulte de la construction classique du graphe d’accessibilité du RdPT. Nous proposons d’utiliser la notion de séquence de steps temporisés, afin d’exprimer progressivement l’ensemble des séquences de franchissements permettant de passer d’un état courant à un état cible. La notion de step temporisé correspond à une abstraction logique du comportement du système considéré. Le caractère incrémental de l’approche a pour objectif de gagner en efficacité. En effet, il consiste à exprimer tout nouvel état de la résolution par rapport à une profondeur K+1, en fonction d’un état atteint à la profondeur K. Ainsi, nous proposons plusieurs algorithmes de recherche incrémentale permettant d'améliorer l'efficacité de la résolution des problèmes d'accessibilité. Nous utilisons ensuite la programmation par contraintes pour modéliser le problème de recherche d’accessibilité dans un RdPT et mettre en œuvre notre approche incrémentale. Notre approche permet également d’ajouter des contraintes spécifiques à un contexte de résolution. Nous avons notamment utilisé cette possibilité pour proposer des techniques d'identification des jetons dans un RdPT borné, dans le cadre de la reconfiguration des systèmes manufacturiers. Nous concluons par l’évaluation de différentes applications constituant des « benchmarks » permettant d’illustrer l'efficacité des approches proposées<br>This PhD thesis is dedicated to the generation of firing sequences in Timed Petri Net (TPN) using an incremental approach. To reduce the influence of the well-known combinatorial explosion issue, a unique sequence of timed steps is introduced to represent implicitly the underlying reachability graph of the TPN, without needing its whole construction. This sequence of timed steps is developed based on the logical abstraction technique. The advantage of the incremental approach is that it can express any state just from the last step information, instead of representing all states before.Several incremental search algorithms are introduced to improve the efficiency of our methodology. Constraint programming techniques are used to model and solve our incremental model, in which search strategies are developed that can search for solutions more efficiently. Our methodology can be used to add specific constraints to model realistic systems. Token identification techniques are developed to handle token confusion issues that appear when addressing the reconfiguration of manufacturing systems. Experimental benchmarks illustrate the effectiveness of approaches proposed in this thesis
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Blattert, Philipp, and Werner Engeln. "Bessere Kundenorientierung bei der Entwicklung physischer Produkte - Nutzung agiler Vorgehensweisen kombiniert mit Additiven Fertigungsverfahren." Thelem Universitätsverlag & Buchhandlung GmbH & Co. KG, 2021. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75911.
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Viele Industrieunternehmen sind auf der Suche nach neuen Strategien für eine zukunftssichernde Produktentwicklung. Die Gründe dafür sind in den Herausforderungen zu suchen, die häufig in schnelle Änderungen von Kundenwünschen, der Verbreitung moderner Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien, kürzeren Technologielebenszyklen, Forderungen nach ökologischer Nachhaltigkeit wie auch in der weiteren zunehmenden Vernetzung der Wirtschaft zu suchen. Die heutige Entwicklungsumgebung in Unternehmen, mit meist starren Abteilungsstrukturen, wenig Kommunikation mit den Kunden und zwischen den Abteilungen im Unternehmen sowie der Auslieferung eines auf einem einmal erstellen Lastenheft basierenden Produkten wird den Anforderungen nicht mehr gerecht. In diesem Zusammenhang rücken agile Vorgehensweisen gepaart mit additiven Fertigungsverfahren für physische Produkte in den Fokus der Entwicklung.