Relevant bibliographies by topics / Incubation duration

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Incubation duration'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 February 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Incubation duration.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Incubation duration"

1

Mrosovsky, N., Cecília Baptistotte, and Matthew H. Godfrey. "Validation of incubation duration as an index of the sex ratio of hatchling sea turtles." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 5 (October 1, 1999): 831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-039.

Full text
Abstract:
One method of estimating the sex ratio of hatchling sea turtles is to use the incubation duration. Long and short durations imply low and high temperatures, respectively. In turtle species whose sex is determined by temperature, males are produced at low temperatures and females at high temperatures. This study assesses the validity of using incubation duration to estimate the sex ratio. Samples of hatchling loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) were collected from nests with known incubation durations, and sex was ascertained by means of histology. The sex ratio of groups of nests determined by histology was compared with that predicted from previous relationships between incubation duration and sex ratio. For conditions causing relatively long or relatively short incubation durations, the sex ratio could be predicted with considerable accuracy. For conditions causing durations nearer to the pivotal duration (that which gives 50% of each sex), predictions could be off by 10%, depending on the distribution of incubation durations, but it was still possible to determine whether ratios were highly skewed or approximately balanced. Estimating sex ratios of hatchling sea turtles from incubation durations is simple, cheap, and can be used retrospectively.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Morris, A. J., T. C. Byrne, J. F. Madden, and L. B. Reller. "Duration of incubation of fungal cultures." Journal of clinical microbiology 34, no. 6 (1996): 1583–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.34.6.1583-1585.1996.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Lamekhov, Yuri Gennadievich. "Duration of colonial bird species egg incubation." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201871111.

Full text
Abstract:
The paper deals with one of the aspects of bird early ontogenesis biology - egg incubation duration, which was defined as the time interval between egg laying and hatching from it. The oomorphological parameters are determined taking into account the ordinal number of the laid eggs. Parameters of early ontogeny of birds are studied on the example of colonially nesting species: blackberry toadstool ( Podiceps nigricollis C.L. Brehm.) and lake gull ( Larus ridibundus L.). Within the colonial settlement of these species, the biological center and the periphery of the colony were isolated. When studying the parameters of early ontogeny of birds and oomorphological characteristics, the same number of eggs was taken into account. During field and laboratory studies it was found that the incubation of eggs lasts longer in eggs from the nests of the biological center of the colony. The first eggs are incubated longer. These features clearly manifested in the early ontogeny of the gull. The increase in the egg incubation duration occurs against the background of an increase in their mass and a decrease in the concentration of lysozyme in the protein shell of the egg. Egg incubation duration is one of the results of embryonalization as a way of evolution of ontogeny. The manifestation of the results of embryogenesis was revealed for the first eggs in the nests of the biological center of the colony. Embryonalization leads to an increase in egg incubation duration as well as to a decrease in the intensity of elimination in early ontogenesis, which affects the number of individuals breeding in the colony and, accordingly, the structure of the colonial settlement of birds.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Hoppe, Ian R., Jocelyn O. Harrison, Edward J. Raynor IV, Mary Bomberger Brown, Larkin A. Powell, and Andrew J. Tyre. "Temperature, wind, vegetation, and roads influence incubation patterns of Greater Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus) in the Nebraska Sandhills, USA." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 2 (February 2019): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0130.

Full text
Abstract:
Avian incubation involves behavioral decisions that must balance trade-offs between the incubating bird’s survival and current and future reproductive success. We evaluated variation in incubation off-bout duration and frequency among Greater Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus (Brewster, 1885)) in the Nebraska Sandhills, USA. Greater Prairie-Chicken life history favors incubation behaviors that prioritize success of the current breeding attempt over adult survival. Previous observations suggest incubating females make these behavioral decisions based on ambient temperature conditions, their own body condition, and predation risk. We monitored nest attendance by females at 30 Greater Prairie-Chicken nests to identify proximate cues used to make behavioral decisions regarding incubation. We recorded 930 incubation off-bouts. Females took 1.9 ± 0.7 off-bouts/day (mean ± SD), each with a mean (±SD) duration of 43.3 ± 24.1 min. Off-bouts were shorter in duration at higher wind speeds, at lower ambient temperatures, at nests with less cover, and at nests closer to roads. Females were most likely to leave the nest during mid-morning and evening, as are most gallinaceous birds, and incubation off-bouts became less frequent later in the season. We did not observe differences in incubation behavior between nests that failed and those that successfully hatched one or more chicks.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Eichholz, Michael W., and James S. Sedinger. "Factors Affecting Duration of Incubation in Black Brant." Condor 100, no. 1 (February 1998): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1369910.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Jungbluth, Michelle J., Karen E. Selph, Petra H. Lenz, and Erica Goetze. "Incubation duration effects on copepod naupliar grazing estimates." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 494 (September 2017): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2017.05.005.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

A, Bilalissi. "Effects of Storage Duration on Spread of Hatch, Chick Quality and Post-Hatch Performances in Tropical Climate." International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 5, no. 5 (2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/izab-16000404.

Full text
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-incubation egg storage duration on hatching traits and Sasso broilers post-hatch performances in tropical conditions. A total of 900 hatching eggs were individually numbered, weighed and stored for 3 d, 7 d or for 15 d in a climate-controlled room of 16°C and 75 % of relative humidity. After storage period, eggs were reweighed and divided into 5 replications of 60 eggs each. Then, eggs were incubated in the incubator at a temperature of 37.7◦C, relative humidity of 55 %, and turning once an hour until 18 d of incubation. At d 18 of incubation, the eggs were candled, and fertile eggs were transferred from the turning trays to the hatching baskets. During the last 3 d of incubation, the transferred eggs were checked individually every 3 h for hatching events and hatchability. After pull out at d 21.5, chicks were raised to 12-Wk-old of age for post-hatch growth measurements. The results showed that the egg weight loss increased with storage duration (p= 0.0036). The egg weight at setting and day old chick weight were significantly higher (p<0.0001) in 3 d stored eggs compared to 7 d and 15 d stored eggs. Hatchability significantly decreased (p<0.0001) with egg storage duration while, embryonic mortality increased (p<0.0001) with egg storage duration. Eggs stored for 3 d and for 7 d attained the different hatching stadia at significantly (p < 0.0001) earlier time points compared to 15 d stored eggs. The chicks weight up to 12 week, feed intake and weight gain were significantly higher (p<0.05) in 3 d stored eggs group compared to 15 d stored eggs group. It can be concluded that Sasso broiler breeders eggs should not be stored more than 7 d in tropical conditions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Farfour, Eric, Lucie Limousin, Amandine Henry, Emilie Cardot, Pierre Cahen, Didier Lecointe, Emilie Jolly, Marc Vasse, and Damien Mathonnet. "Optimization of incubation duration of culture media in microbiology." Annales de Biologie Clinique 77, no. 5 (October 2019): 525–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/abc.2019.1474.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Adelfio, Luca A., Steven M. Wondzell, Nathan J. Mantua, and Gordon H. Reeves. "Warm winters reduce landscape-scale variability in the duration of egg incubation for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) on the Copper River Delta, Alaska." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 8 (August 2019): 1362–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0152.

Full text
Abstract:
We quantified the sum of daily mean temperature above 0 °C and modeled incubation duration using water temperature data collected at 12 coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) spawning sites during two incubation periods with cool, snow-dominant conditions and three incubation periods with anomalously warm, rain-transitional conditions, a proxy for a future climate scenario. Warmer water temperatures during warm–rain-transitional winters yielded a 58-day reduction in the median duration of egg incubation; however, the magnitude of change at individual sites varied widely and was controlled by water source. At groundwater-fed sites, temperature variations were strongly attenuated, leading to small interannual differences in incubation duration that were relatively insensitive to short-term changes in air temperature. In contrast, modeled incubation duration was shortened by up to 3 months during warm–rain-transitional winters at precipitation-fed sites. Remarkably, our modeling showed increased uniformity in incubation duration across the landscape during warm–rain-transitional winters. The potential loss of diversity in incubation duration during warmer winters, in isolation, may reduce portfolio effects in this region’s coho salmon population by promoting greater synchronization in the time of spawning.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Manlove, Chad A., and Gary R. Hepp. "Patterns of Nest Attendance in Female Wood Ducks." Condor 102, no. 2 (May 1, 2000): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.2.286.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractWe examined sources of variation in incubation patterns among female Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa), and investigated the effect of female nest attentiveness on incubation period. Data were collected from 44 females (n = 911 days) using temperature data loggers to monitor nest attendance throughout incubation. Mean (± SE) incubation constancy was 86.9 ± 0.6% and incubation period averaged 30.9 ± 0.2 days. Females took an average of two bimodally-distributed recesses per day. Duration of recesses averaged 98.6 ± 3.4 min, but were shorter in the morning than in mid-day or late afternoon. Body mass of incubating females declined 0.68 ± 0.2 g day−1, but there was no relationship between constancy and early incubation body mass or weight change of females. Incubation constancy was not correlated with length of the incubation period. For most females, incubation constancy and recess frequency did not change as incubation progressed. The fact that incubating females only lost an average of 3% of body mass, and constancy was not related to either body mass or length of the incubation period, suggests that females were not constrained energetically. Finally, we propose that the combination of reduced predation risk and the need of neonates to be more functionally mature at hatching has selected for longer incubation periods in Wood Ducks and other cavity-nesting waterfowl.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Incubation duration"

1

Troup, Christina. "Foraging strategies of Southern Royal Albatrosses, Diomedea epomophora, Campbell Island during incubation." Lincoln University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1273.

Full text
Abstract:
Among the species of Diomedea albatrosses, diverse foraging strategies during breeding have been described, indicating species differences in foraging ecology and behaviour. Foraging strategies of Southern Royal Albatrosses, Diomedea epomophora (SRA) breeding on Campbell Island were studied in January – early February 1999 during the latter half of incubation. Movements and activity of ten birds were monitored using satellite transmitters and wet-dry activity recorders. Three birds from a pilot tracking study in February 1997 were also included in some analyses. Foraging strategies, zones used, factors influencing the duration of foraging trips, and the influence of wind conditions were investigated. Foraging activity took place at sites with bathymetric characteristics associated with high productivity: outer shelf and shelf-break zones, with a concentration of activity on a shelf contour south of the Snares Islands. This is in contrast to Wandering (D. exulans) and Gibson’s (D. gibsoni) albatrosses, typically deep oceanic foragers, but is similar to Northern Royal Albatross (D. sanfordi). The maximum distance of foraging trips from the colony was 1250 kilometres (mean 584 +351(SD)). This was closer than for incubating Wandering and Gibson’s Albatrosses but more distant than for Northern Royal Albatross from the Otago Peninsula. The mean duration of 77 foraging trips from 52 nests was 10.11 days for females and 8.76 for males (ns). Foraging trips became shorter as incubation progressed. Foraging trips were shorter, but not significantly so, when the median wind speed throughout the foraging trip was higher. No significant relationship was found between bird mass and duration of foraging trips. The mean cumulative distance flown by the ten birds tracked in 1999 was 4262 km + 1318 (SD). Eight of the ten SRA employed a ‘commute, forage, commute’ foraging strategy, and the other two alternated short bouts of commuting and foraging. Commuting phases were characterised by rapid directional flight with a straight-line distance (range) of 180 km to 800 km between positions 24 hours apart. Foraging phases were characterised by a range of less than 180 km per 24 hour interval and frequent tight turns. Displacement rate between successive uplinks was significantly higher during commuting phases (28.6 kph + 1.93 SE) than foraging phases (15.1 kph + 1.4 SE). Wind strength and direction influenced the timing of the return commute to the colony. SRA covered greater distances at more favourable wind angles relative to flight track (broad reach and close reach) than in head, tail or direct side winds. Birds of low mass (< 8kg) made fewer landings in winds above 40 kph than in lighter winds, whereas heavier birds had a similar level of landing activity across all wind speed bands. One bird was delayed for several days by light winds, and another flew off course during strong winds. Two birds exploited the same window of wind conditions to return to the colony, each flying a similar course in both timing and route. These results define the foraging strategies of SRA during incubation, and demonstrate the influence of wind conditions and other factors on the overall duration of foraging trips and on the timing of commuting and foraging phases.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

(14238712), Suhashini Hewavisenthi. "Influence of incubation environment on the development of the flatback turtle (Natator depressus)." Thesis, 1999. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Influence_of_incubation_environment_on_the_development_of_the_flatback_turtle_Natator_depressus_/21699935.

Full text
Abstract:

During the Australian summers of 1995/1996, 1996/1997 and 1997/1998, the embryonic development of Natator depressus was investigated in the laboratory and in natural nests at the major eastern Australian rookery of Peak Island.

Eggs were incubated under different thermal and hydric conditions on vermiculite substrates. No eggs hatched at 25°C, but eggs incubated between 26 -33°C hatched successfully. Within this range, the thermal environment significantly influenced the water exchange of eggs, incubation duration, nutrient mobilisation of embryos, hatching size and energy reserves. The pivotal temperature for sex determination in this population was close to 29.5°C with a possibly narrow transitional temperature range of 1 Celsius degree. Sexually biased differences were observed at hatching; male hatchlings produced at 26°C and 29°C were larger, but had less energy reserves than females which were produced at 32°C. Thermosensitive developmental stages at masculinising temperatures were different to those at feminising temperatures. For the 26 to 32°C temperature shift, the thermosensitive period was confined to a single developmental stage. Determination of ovaries took place at a later stage than that of testes.

The influence of the hydric environment depended greatly on the range of substrate water potentials used in experiments. Nutrient mobilisation of embryos, size and energy reserves of hatchlings were dependent on total egg water exchange over the range of 2% gain to 29% loss (at ~ -180 to -3500 kPa) of initial egg weight, but independent within the narrower range of 6% gain to 19% loss (at ~ -200 to -650 kPa). Hatching was affected only when eggs lost more than 21% of their initial egg weight (at ~ -1300 kPa). The pivotal temperature for sex determination was not influenced by the hydric environment (~ -180 to -2000 kPa).

A significant effect of clutch on morphological and physiological aspects of developing embryos indicated that genetic/maternal factors influenced these traits. Dietary sources of the female possibly contribute to maternal factors, through processes such as preferential accumulation of specific fatty acids such as oleic acid into the egg yolk. A high proportion of egg yolk lipids (35%) suggests considerable maternal investment. Only 26% of these lipids were used for embryogenesis whereas 74% remained in the form of hatchling fat bodies or residual material in the yolk sac.

Eggs in natural nests incubated over a temperature range of 25.5 to 36.5°C and experienced an average increase in temperature of 7 Celsius degrees during incubation. Water content of sand surrounding nests at the beginning of incubation varied from 2.6 to 7.8%. Hatching and emergence success were not influenced by the position of the nest on the beach, but were positively related to clutch size. Neither clutch size nor hatching and emergence success varied significantly between subsequent clutches of a female. Seasonal changes in the sex ratio of hatchlings are likely to take place at Peak Island, with an overall female biased sex ratio.

A tolerance to high incubation temperatures and severe moisture stress by N. depressus eggs may be reflected in the short incubation duration of this species relative to other species of sea turtles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Incubation duration"

1

Tan, Tina Q., John P. Flaherty, and Melvin V. Gerbie. Routine Vaccines for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190604776.003.0003.

Full text
Abstract:
The natural history, signs and symptoms, prevention, and treatment of common vaccine preventable infectious diseases are introduced. Dosing, immunization schedules, contraindications, precautions, and administration of vaccines are discussed for patients of all ages. Frequently asked question sections at the end of each chapter summarize issues that clinicians commonly encounter in their practices. This chapter details each of the diseases and specific vaccines that are recommended throughout life. The clinical presentations, clinical courses, complications, and post-exposure and pre-exposure managements are detailed. Differences in the disease in childhood and adult ages are noted. International variations of the diseases and vaccine requirements of individual countries are noted. The transmissions, incubation periods of the diseases, natural, and vaccine-induced durations of immunity are discussed. FAQs offer helpful answers to many of the questions that this wide variety of conditions present.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Incubation duration"

1

Tainika, Brian. "Thermal Manipulation: Embryonic Development, Hatchability, and Hatching Quality of Broiler Chicks." In Broiler Industry [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101894.

Full text
Abstract:
Here, PRISMA guidelines were utilized to systematically evaluate the publications reporting the effect of thermal manipulation during embryogenesis on incubation performance, hatchability, and hatching quality of broiler chicks. The search and selection of eligible publications was through databases web of science, PubMed, and Scopus. Publications written in English between 2015 and September 2021 were considered. It is evidenced that during TM, key considerations include duration and strength of TM besides stage of embryonic development. The moderate elevation in incubation temperature (38.5–39.5°C) intermittently (3–18 h/d) between E07 and E18 improves the chick’s thermoregulation capacity and reduces any adverse effect of TM on hatchability, and chick quality (e.g., hatch weight and chick length) compared with continuous TM. In addition, high temperature TM (38.5–39.5°C) between E7 and E18 has no significant effect on embryo mortality, hatchability, and chick quality compared to standard incubation temperature (37.8°C). TM above 39.5°C significantly increases and decreases embryo mortality and hatchability, respectively compared with standard incubation temperature. In conclusion, the results of TM studies on embryogenesis, hatchability and hatching quality of broiler chicks are still contradicting, which is a possible limitation for its commercial use.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

NEMAT-NASSER, S., Y. SANO, S. N. CHANG, and M. A. MEYERS. "INCUBATION TIME AND GROWTH PATTERN OF MARTENSITE UNDER A SHORT DURATION STRESS PULSE." In Shock Compression of Condensed Matter–1991, 181–84. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-89732-9.50041-8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Damani, Nizam. "Practical aspects of prevention and control." In Manual of Infection Prevention and Control, 143–232. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198815938.003.0006.

Full text
Abstract:
The chapter examines various types of isolation precautions and provides practical advice on infection prevention and control (IPC) measures to be taken on isolation of patients of new and emerging infectious diseases. In an alphabetical order, it lists IPC precautions, modes of transmission of infections, incubation periods, periods of infectivity, and the duration of isolation for various infectious diseases and multidrug- resistant microorganisms (MDROs). The well-illustrated chapters explain how to properly don and take off various types of personal protective equipment. It reviews the most up-to-date information on the various aspects of hand hygiene, including hand washing and proper use of alcohol-based hand rub products. Practical advice is also given on injection safety, how to prevent transmission of infection after death and prevention of infection by healthcare building design which also includes ventilation of operating theatres.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Manzoor Kadri, Syed, and Marija Petkovic. "Hepatitis C: An Overview." In Advances in Hepatology. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94879.

Full text
Abstract:
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has infected approximatelly 130–170 milion individuals in the form of chronic liver infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the majority of patients with the increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma the initial rearrangement is fibrosis. HCV is a bloodborne virus. The most common route of the infection are drug use, injections, unsafe health care performance, transfusion and sexual transmission. The incubation period ranges from 2 to 6 weeks in case of HCV. HCV infection is diagnosed in the process of detecting of anti-HCV antibodies and if positive, a nucleic acid test for HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) is done. Currently, the most promising treatment agents are direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). They have shown limited viral resistance, long treatment duration and higher cost with no proven benefits in the prevention of graft reinfections in HCV individuals. In the light of the aforementioned, there is a need to a more dubious research in the quest for the effective therapeutic modalities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Vogt, Günter, Rickey D. Cothran, Mika M. J. Tan, and Martin Thiel. "Crustacean Reproductive Records." In Reproductive Biology, 526–54. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190688554.003.0019.

Full text
Abstract:
Crustacean reproductive traits are highly diverse, and this chapter illustrates some of the most extreme cases, placing them in the context of the more typical crustaceans. It highlights, for example, the male and female records of size and age, the “hottest” and “coolest” reproducers, the longest penises, the largest sperm and eggs, the smallest and largest brood sizes, the longest mate guarding, the most massive sexually selected weapons, the flashiest courtship, the most fathers per brood, the longest incubation of broods, the smallest and largest larvae, the longest larval duration, the longest dormancy of eggs, and the oldest fossil evidence of penis, sperm, brood care, and larvae. Using these illustrious case studies, this chapter briefly examines the adaptive advantages of these extremes and discusses why few species have evolved unusual reproductive traits. Crustaceans indeed appear to hold animal records with respect to relative penis length, aflagellate sperm length, dormant egg viability and fossil ages of penis, giant sperm, and brood care. These captivating examples may be of applied importance in terms of restoring human-altered ecosystems (resurrection ecology using egg banks) and in management strategies of important fisheries.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Fernández, Miriam, Antonio Brante, and Simone Baldanzi. "Costs and Benefits of Brooding among Decapod Crustaceans: The Challenges of Incubating in Aquatic Systems." In Reproductive Biology, 86–114. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190688554.003.0004.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter discusses general patterns of brooding in decapod crustaceans from aquatic to terrestrial environments, addressing behavioral adaptations as well as costs and benefits. Brooding embryos is a common feature among decapods. However, brooding exhibits a wide range of modes that are highly dependent on the environment. Brooding is less common in marine systems, whereas there is a general pattern of extended brooding with terrestrialization. Exceptions are crabs that have invaded land directly via the seashore, i.e. land crabs that have indirect development like their marine ancestors. During terrestrialization, adaption to environmental stressors like desiccation, UV radiation, temperature variability, mechanical support, and osmolality seemed to generally favor decreasing larval development and increasing duration of brood care. Thus, crustaceans developed more complex brooding mechanisms as adaptive responses to the colonization of land (e.g., osmoregulation of the maternal fluids, marsupial fluid, sealed and specialized marsupium, provision of nutritious material, grooming and cleaning, ventilation of the embryo masses). However, clear brooding behaviors are also observed among several marine species (e.g. grooming and cleaning, oxygen provision). The major efforts to characterize general brooding patterns among decapod crustaceans and describe brooding behaviors were not accompanied by comprehensive studies to understand the costs and the benefits of brooding. Several studies have addressed the positive influence of the mother on embryo development, but the efforts to quantify the impact on embryo survival are still limited. This chapter identifies problems that need further consideration to reach a deeper understanding of the evolution of brooding in decapod crustaceans.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Melzer, Mark. "Pyrexia of Unknown Origin (PUO)." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0033.

Full text
Abstract:
Petersdorf and Beeson defined pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) in 1961. It is defined as an illness more than three weeks’ duration, with a fever > 38.3°C on several occasions and failure to reach a diagnosis after one week of in-patient investigation. Additional categories have now been added. These include: ● Nosocomial PUO in hospital patients: This is defined as fever of 38.3°C on several occasions caused by a process not present or incubating on admission, where initial cultures are negative and diagnosis remains unknown after three days of investigations. Fever is often related to hospital factors such as surgery, use of biomedical devices (e.g. intravascular devices/urinary catheters), C. difficile infection, and decubitus ulcers related to immobilization. ● HIV- associated PUO: This is defined as fever (as in Nosocomial PUO) for four weeks as an outpatient or three days as an in- patient. The commonest causes of fever are typical and atypical mycobacterial infections, cryptococcosis, and Cytomegalovirus (CMV). Lymphoma may cause fever in up to 25% of cases. ● Neutropenic PUO: This includes patients with a fever (as in Nosocomial PUO) with neutrophils < 1.0 x 109/L, with initial negative cultures and an uncertain diagnosis after three days. Bacterial infection is the commonest cause and should be treated empirically. The causes of a PUO can be categorized as infection (30–40%), neoplasia (20–30%), collagen-vascular and autoimmune diseases (10–20%), and miscellaneous (10–20%). The commonest causes of localized bacterial infections causing PUO are infective endocarditis, intra- abdominal or pelvic infections, oral cavity infections, osteomyelitis, and infected peripheral vessels. These conditions include: ● Infective endocarditis (IE): ■ Organisms associated with indolent onset (e.g. Streptococcus viridans, Enterococcus species, coagulase- negative staphylococci). ■ HACEK organisms (e.g. Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella). ■ Culture-negative endocarditis (e.g. Chlamydia, Coxiella, or Bartonella). ■ Non- infective endocarditis: ● Marantic endocarditis, associated with malignancy. ● Libman Sacks endocarditis, associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). ● Intra-abdominal infections. ■ Abscesses: ● Hepatic (GI tract or biliary in origin). ● Splenic (associated with IE). ● Sub-phrenic (associated with previous surgery). ● Pancreatic (post-pancreatitis).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Incubation duration"

1

Kadochnikov, Dmitriy. "The current state of the theory and practice of establishing the severity of harm caused to human health as a result of exposure to a biological factor." In Issues of determining the severity of harm caused to human health as a result of the impact of a biological factor. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/conferencearticle_5fdcb03a7e5b85.32958107.

Full text
Abstract:
The article presents the state of the theory and practice of establishing the severity of harm caused to human health as a result of exposure to a biological factor. It is shown that at present, the severity of health damage from exposure to a biological factor is assessed mainly by the duration of a health disorder. Given that the biological factor is inherent in the ambiguity of the outcome, the transition to a chronic form and the presence of a long incubation period, an assessment of the duration of a health disorder cannot be objective and reasonable. A solution to this problem is proposed. The classification of biological environmental factors that cause harm to human health is presented.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Lemaitre, Paola Restum Antonio, Elisa Yuki Kurosawa Ueda, Isabela Pierotti Prado, Pedro Guimarães Lameira Bittencourt Borges, Emmanuelle Batista Florentino, and Luiza Rodrigues Schwartz Tavares. "Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri: Literature Review." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.165.

Full text
Abstract:
Background: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis is an acute purulent meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri. The main route of transmission occurs through the inhalation of trophozoites present in the water, which cross the cribriform plate, reach the olfactory bulbs and destroy the nerve and nervous tissue. Objectives: This study aims to provide greater knowledge and updates on the topic. Design and setting: This is a literature review from the Escola de Medicina Souza Marques’s, and Universidade Federal Fluminense’s students, Brazil. Methods: The used articles were published between 2013 to 2021, from the UptoDate, Scielo, and Pubmed databases. Results: This protozoan’s distribution is worldwide. The clinical picture includes fever, headache, photophobia, emesis, convulsions, and dysfunctions of smell and taste; if untreated, it progresses rapidly to death. There is an incubation period of 2 to 7 days. Diagnosis should be considered when there is a picture of meningoencephalitis, negative results for viruses and bacteria, and there are motile trophozoites in the CSF sample. The main differential diagnosis is bacterial meningitis. Conclusion: The rarity of the disease, delay in diagnosis, and fulminant clinical course affect the evaluation of treatment models. Currently, the indicated therapy is Amphotericin B, Rifampicin, Fluconazole, Miltefosine, and Azithromycin, ranging from 9 to 30 days duration.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Imura, J., N. Suzuki, K. Higashi, M. Tubokura, and K. Shirasawa. "EFFECTS OF PLASMA MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN OF PLATELETS ON THE AGGREGATION ACTIVITY OF THE STORED CELLS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644593.

Full text
Abstract:
Platelet aggregation activity is gradually reduced depending on the duration of storage. Platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) complex is intimately related to the aggregation activity. We intended, therefore, to analyse a sequential change in plasma membrane glycoprotein of stored platelets by means of flow cytometry (FCM). On this occasion, aggregation activity of the platelets was also studied. Concentrated human platelets (150×104 cell/μl) were stored in the bag containing citrate-phosphate-dextrose at 22 °C for 24 to 72 hours. The bags were either kept in a flat position without agitation or continuosly stirred by a tumbler agitator (6rpm), or a flat bed rotator (30rpm). At the beginning of each experiment, fresh platelets separated from healthy donor were used as control group. The remaining platelets were washed twice with the 0.38% sodium-citrate dissolved in the lOmM of PBS. After incubation of the suspended platelets in the Tyrode's buffer solution at 37 °C for 30 minutes, they were fixed with 1% paraformaldehyde at 4 C for 2 hours, and were then incubated with anti-human GP IIb/IIIa mouse monoclonal antibody (5μg/ml) at 37 °C for 1 hour. The platelets, thus treated with primary antibody, had undergone further incubation with fluorescein-conjugated goat anti-inouse IgG immunoglobulin at 37°C for 1 hour. After analysis of labelled platelets on the Coulter EPICS V, the positive rate was estimated by counting 5×104 cells. In each group, aggregation activity of platelets induced by ADP (100μM) was measured by an aggregometer.The positive rate was significantly decreased in the stored platelets compared with those in the control group. In addition, the positive rate was more decreased in the non-agitated group than in the agitated group. No difference, however, occurred in the rate from the agitated groups. Moreover, the aggregation activity in each group was well compatible with the positive rate from FCM.It is finally suggested that the decrease in aggregation activity of the stored platelet is due to the reduction in the functioning receptor sides of GPIIb/IIIa on the platelet surface.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Beardsley, D. S. "IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA (ITP) : PLATELET TARGET ANTIGENS OF THE ANTIBODIES IN DIFFERENT CLINICAL SETTINGS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644757.

Full text
Abstract:
Autoantibodies against platelet antigens are important in the pathogenesis of ITP. We have studied the antigenic targets of these autoantibodies by immunoblotting using electrophoretically separated proteins from normal, Glanzmann's Thrombasthenic, and Bernard-Soulier Syndrome platelets immobilized on nitrocellulose paper. Incubation of these proteins with ITP patient serum, immunoglobulin, or F(ab*>2, followed by labeled antiglobulin, allowed identification of the antigenic target glycoproteins (GPfs). Patients with ITP of several categories were studied: A) Chronic ITP (> 1 yr duration) including a subset of patients who hadmild thrombocytopenia but significant hemorrhagic manifestations. B) Acute ITP (<6 mo) following varicella infectionAcute onset ITP unresponsive to any of the usual therapeutic modalities. A majority of patients in group A (32/48) had antibodies directed against a protein with a MW of lOOkD. In some cases, the target antigen was localized to GPIIIa specifically by absence of reactivity with Type I Glanzmann's thrombasthenic platelets known to be totally deficient in GPIIb and Ilia. Two individuals in the subset with unexpectedly severe hemorrhagic symptoms also had anti-GPIIIa antibodies, but the antigenic target was different since only these two antibodies could be shown to interfere with binding of 125j_fibrinogen to normal plateletsIn contrast to the individuals with anti-GPIIIa antibodies, all group B patients (7/7) with acute post-varicella ITP had antibodies directed against an 85kD thrombin sensitive protein, and two of the three group C individuals studied showed antibodies directed against GPIb. These studies indicate that a number of different platelet antigens can be the targets of platelet autoantibodies in ITP. Results suggest that antibodies against a particular antigen may correlate with a similar clinical setting in different patients. Further work will determine whether antigen identification at the time of diagnosis can be used to predict the clinical course for an individual patient
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Simone, E. R., T. A. Davies, N. A. Zabe, S. M. Greenberg-seperaky, and N. E. Larsen. "EARLY PLATELET-THROMBIN RECEPTORS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643730.

Full text
Abstract:
Human platelets possess less than 1000 high affinity [Kd=10-9]and 50-100,000 receptors of lower [Kd=10-7] affinity for o(α-thrombin. The selective derivatization of thrombin with the bifunctional crosslinking agent, DNCO, has enabled us to identify these receptorsvia covalent binding of either active siteinhibited tosyllyslmethylketothrombin (TLCK-T) or active Ctf-thrombin (T).Kinetic studies of the inhibition of the platelet-thrombin response by covalently and noncovalently bound TLCK-T have helped to elucidate the roles of the high and low affinity thrombin receptors. The activation parameters examined were initial membrane depolarization, cytoplasmic alkalinization,dense granule secretion of serotonin and lysosomal secretion of β-glucuronidase.Isolation and characterization of the thrombin receptors after covalent photocoupling of the TLCK-T or active T- were performed after solubilization by gel filtration. The intact, high affinity receptor moiety, a glycoprotein, has an approximate molecular weight of∽lSO.OOO daltons; occasionally this protein is found as a dimer of ∽360,000 daltons. When exposed to o(α-T the receptor undergoes proteolysis, leaving a protein of∽80,000 daltons and releasing the remaining glycoprotein into the medium.Higher doses of active T have been shown to bind with lower affinity to a larger protein of approximate molecular weight 600,000 daltons anda smaller protein of 46,000 daltons. Both proteins are nonsusceptible to thrombin proteolysis. Reduction and alkylation of the600,000 dalton complex yielded two and possibly three high molecular weight components (200,000, 160,000, and possibly 145,000daltons) which may correspond to previously suggested GP-Ia and GP-Ib of the GP-I complex. Under different solubilization conditions, two other membrane proteins have been found to be part of the GP-I complex; one which is not a glycoprotein, GP-Ic, while the other is associated with the glycocalyx and is called glycocalicin. Glycocalicin and GP-Icdo inhibit thrombin binding,implying that the low affinity receptor is indeed the previously suggested GP-I complex and does not appear to be directly involved withplatelet activation.Examination of the effect of dose and duration of incubation with non-covalently binding TLCK-T on subsequent α-thrombin response suggests the existence of positive cooperativity among thrombin receptors.Although TLCK-T has the same affinity for platelets (Kd) as T , the rateof binding and therefore that of dissociation are lower. Thus for incubation times of 1 minute or less with up to a 2x saturating TLCK-T dose, the subsequent depolarization response to a saturating T dose was enhanced. Exposure to higher TLCK-T (5x saturating)doses led to significant inhibition.Verification of the potentiation observed in noncovalent TLCK-T studies was performed using TLCK-T covalently bound to the platelet receptor with DNCO. Several hundred thrombin molecules were bound to the platelet when a subsaturating dose of TLCK-T(0.0025 U/ml) was used to crosslink, whileseveral thousand resulted with a saturating (0.05 U/ml) TLCK-T dose. Positive cooperativity was observed with low αT doses (0.005 U/ml) when several hundred high affinity receptors are blocked. The parameters studied which exhibited this positive cooperativity were depolarization, pH change and serotonin secretion, α-Glucuronidase secretion was normal. The presence and degreeof enhancement were donor-variableand suggest different threshhold thrombin dose requirements. The enhancement observed can be attributed to either an increased rate of binding (increased affinity) or to an increased number of exposed binding sites. Since little difference was found between the number of TLCK-T molecules bound after30 versus 60 seconds, we conclude that thepotentiation is more likely due to an increased number of exposed binding sites. Results from covalent crosslinks using a fluorescein and rhodamine labeled-TLCK-T and the fluorescence activated cellsorter support this hypothesis. The sensitization of the high affinity binding sitesby partial occupancy implies these bindingsites are responsible for depolarization, pH change and dense granule secretion (the rapid initial activation response), while βglucuronidase secretion, a secondary response, is otherwise controlled.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Maya, K., Lalita Rane, Tousief Irshad Ahmed, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Chandra Kumar Dixit, and Rahul Kanaoujiya. "L-Cysteine Passivated Carbon Quantum Dots as Biosensor for early Stage Detection of Prostate Cancer." In International Conference on Recent Advancements in Biomedical Engineering. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-x65kwp.

Full text
Abstract:
Green synthesized surface passivated carbon dots for detection of Citrate as biomarker for prostate cancer. The carbon sources of CQDs are passivated with L-cysteine via a one-pot hydrothermal route. The quenching in emission intensity of the synthesized carbon dots (CQDs) is observed for Citrate samples. The hydroxyl and carboxylic functional groups of Citrate showed a binding affinity with amino and free carboxyl cysteine passivated over the surface of carbon dots. The CQDs showed a high sensitivity for detection of Citrate in a continuous range of 1.0 μM–500 μM. The CQDs showed good level of selectivity, repeatability, and stability for the detection of Citrate. We successfully detected the Citrate content for prostate cancer cells using an L-cysteine passivated carbon quantum dots various incubation durations. As a result, quenching in fluorescence intensity CQDs are noted to analyze extent of cancer cells in biological samples.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Incubation duration"

1

TERTITSKI, GRIGORI M., EVGENY V. SEMASHKO, ALEXANDER E. CHERENKOV, and VLADIMIR Y. SEMASHKO. STUDIES OF THE TIME BUDGET AND DAILY ACTIVITY OF COMMON EIDER SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA DURING INCUBATION. DOI CODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/0004-2021-00294.

Full text
Abstract:
In the Common Eider Somateria mollissima, only females incubate the clutch over a period of 25–28 days. Determining their schedule of nest absence, how long they are away, how often, and where they go can be problematic. They must also avoid nest predation while tending to their own needs. We used geolocators to investigate the behavior of incubating females on forested islands in Dolgaya Guba Bay (65°03′N, 035°47′E), White Sea, Russia. Data were obtained for 12 females: three in 2015 and 2016, four in 2017, and two in 2018. During the entire incubation period, females left their nests for the sea 12–28 times. The average duration at sea was 331.0 ± 53.8 min, including 261.1 ± 47.9 min during the darkest hours in otherwise 24-hour daylight. The patterns are similar to those of eiders nesting in lower, nonpolar latitudes, where nights are dark.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Yahav, Shlomo, John Brake, and Orna Halevy. Pre-natal Epigenetic Adaptation to Improve Thermotolerance Acquisition and Performance of Fast-growing Meat-type Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592120.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
: The necessity to improve broiler thermotolerance and performance led to the following hypothesis: (a) thethermoregulatory-response threshold for heat production can be altered by thermal manipulation (TM) during incubation so as to improve the acquisition of thermotolerance in the post-hatch broiler;and (b) TM during embryogenesis will improve myoblast proliferation during the embryonic and post-hatch periods with subsequent enhanced muscle growth and meat production. The original objectives of this study were as follow: 1. to assess the timing, temperature, duration, and turning frequency required for optimal TM during embryogenesis; 2. to evaluate the effect of TM during embryogenesis on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during four phases: (1) embryogenesis, (2) at hatch, (3) during growth, and (4) during heat challenge near marketing age; 3. to investigate the stimulatory effect of thermotolerance on hormones that regulate thermogenesis and stress (T₄, T₃, corticosterone, glucagon); 4. to determine the effect of TM on performance (BW gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, carcass yield, breast muscle yield) of broiler chickens; and 5. to study the effect of TM during embryogenesis on skeletal muscle growth, including myoblast proliferation and fiber development, in the embryo and post-hatch chicks.This study has achieved all the original objectives. Only the plasma glucagon concentration (objective 3) was not measured as a result of technical obstacles. Background to the topic: Rapid growth rate has presented broiler chickens with seriousdifficulties when called upon to efficiently thermoregulate in hot environmental conditions. Being homeotherms, birds are able to maintain their body temperature (Tb) within a narrow range. An increase in Tb above the regulated range, as a result of exposure to environmental conditions and/or excessive metabolic heat production that often characterize broiler chickens, may lead to a potentially lethal cascade of irreversible thermoregulatory events. Exposure to temperature fluctuations during the perinatal period has been shown to lead to epigenetic temperature adaptation. The mechanism for this adaptation was based on the assumption that environmental factors, especially ambient temperature, have a strong influence on the determination of the “set-point” for physiological control systems during “critical developmental phases.” In order to sustain or even improve broiler performance, TM during the period of embryogenesis when satellite cell population normally expand should increase absolute pectoralis muscle weight in broilers post-hatch. Major conclusions: Intermittent TM (39.5°C for 12 h/day) during embryogenesis when the thyroid and adrenal axis was developing and maturing (E7 to E16 inclusive) had a long lasting thermoregulatory effect that improved thermotolerance of broiler chickens exposed to acute thermal stress at market age by lowering their functional Tb set point, thus lowering metabolic rate at hatch, improving sensible heat loss, and significantly decreasing the level of stress. Increased machine ventilation rate was required during TM so as to supply the oxygen required for the periods of increased embryonic development. Enhancing embryonic development was found to be accomplished by a combination of pre-incubation heating of embryos for 12 h at 30°C, followed by increasing incubation temperature to 38°C during the first 3 days of incubation. It was further facilitated by increasing turning frequency of the eggs to 48 or 96 times daily. TM during critical phases of muscle development in the late-term chick embryo (E16 to E18) for 3 or 6 hours (39.5°C) had an immediate stimulatory effect on myoblast proliferation that lasted for up to two weeks post-hatch; this was followed by increased hypertrophy at later ages. The various incubation temperatures and TM durations focused on the fine-tuning of muscle development and growth processes during late-term embryogenesis as well as in post-hatch chickens.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Browdy, Craig, and Esther Lubzens. Cryopreservation of Penaeid Shrimp Embryos: Development of a Germplasm Cryo-Bank for Preservation of High Health and Genetically Improved Stocks. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695849.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
The objectives of the project were to develop a successful protocol for cryopreservation of penaeid germ plasm in order to preserve a pathogen-free broodstock nucleus for commercial exploitation of marine shrimp in aquaculture. The critical parameters to be characterized in the project were: 1. Determination of chill sensitivity and chill tolerant embryonic stages, including a full description and time course study of embryonic developmental stages. 2. Development of protocols for loading and removal of cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) from embryos; determination of optimal concentrations and duration of loading. 3. Characterization of the toxicity of the selected CP As and 4. Establishing optimal cooling and thawing procedures. Studies were performed on two penaeid species: Litopenaeus vannamei (in the USA) and P. semisulcatus (in Israel). The effect of incubation temperature on embryonic development rate and hatching success was studied in L. vannamei, showing that spawns maybe maintained at temperatures ranging from 24°C to 30°C, without compromising hatchability. Embryonic development extends from 12 hr to 19 hr at 30°C and 24°C, respectively. Studies showed that advanced embryonic developmental stages were chill tolerant in the two studied species, but P. semisulcatus could better endure lower temperatures than L. vannamei. A large number of experiments were performed to determine the optimal CP As, their concentration and duration of loading. Permeating (e.g. glycerol, methanol, DMSO, 1,2- propanediol, ethylene glycol, glucose) and non-permeating CPAs (sucrose, PVP, polyethylene glycol) were tested and several combinations of permeating and non-permeating CP As, on fertilized eggs (embryos), nauplii and protozoeae. In general, nauplii tolerated higher CPA concentrations than eggs and nauplii were also more permeable to radiolabeled methanol. Chlorine treatment intended to remove the chitinous envelop from eggs, did not increase dramatically the permeation of radiolabled methanol into eggs. Cooling eggs, nauplii or protozoeae to cryogenic temperatures, by either vitrification or slow cooling protocols, did not result in full survival of thawed samples, despite exhaustive attempts testing various protocols and CP As. Results seemed more encouraging in freezing of nauplii in comparison to eggs or protozoeae. Successful preliminary results in cryopreservation of spermatozoa of P. vannamei, will facilitate preservation of genetic specific to some extent.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Incubation duration' for particular source types:
Journal articles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography