Journal articles: 'Incubation duration'

1

Mrosovsky, N., Cecília Baptistotte, and Matthew H. Godfrey. "Validation of incubation duration as an index of the sex ratio of hatchling sea turtles." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 5 (October 1, 1999): 831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-039.

Full text

Abstract:

One method of estimating the sex ratio of hatchling sea turtles is to use the incubation duration. Long and short durations imply low and high temperatures, respectively. In turtle species whose sex is determined by temperature, males are produced at low temperatures and females at high temperatures. This study assesses the validity of using incubation duration to estimate the sex ratio. Samples of hatchling loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) were collected from nests with known incubation durations, and sex was ascertained by means of histology. The sex ratio of groups of nests determined by histology was compared with that predicted from previous relationships between incubation duration and sex ratio. For conditions causing relatively long or relatively short incubation durations, the sex ratio could be predicted with considerable accuracy. For conditions causing durations nearer to the pivotal duration (that which gives 50% of each sex), predictions could be off by 10%, depending on the distribution of incubation durations, but it was still possible to determine whether ratios were highly skewed or approximately balanced. Estimating sex ratios of hatchling sea turtles from incubation durations is simple, cheap, and can be used retrospectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Morris, A. J., T. C. Byrne, J. F. Madden, and L. B. Reller. "Duration of incubation of fungal cultures." Journal of clinical microbiology 34, no. 6 (1996): 1583–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.34.6.1583-1585.1996.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Lamekhov, Yuri Gennadievich. "Duration of colonial bird species egg incubation." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201871111.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper deals with one of the aspects of bird early ontogenesis biology - egg incubation duration, which was defined as the time interval between egg laying and hatching from it. The oomorphological parameters are determined taking into account the ordinal number of the laid eggs. Parameters of early ontogeny of birds are studied on the example of colonially nesting species: blackberry toadstool ( Podiceps nigricollis C.L. Brehm.) and lake gull ( Larus ridibundus L.). Within the colonial settlement of these species, the biological center and the periphery of the colony were isolated. When studying the parameters of early ontogeny of birds and oomorphological characteristics, the same number of eggs was taken into account. During field and laboratory studies it was found that the incubation of eggs lasts longer in eggs from the nests of the biological center of the colony. The first eggs are incubated longer. These features clearly manifested in the early ontogeny of the gull. The increase in the egg incubation duration occurs against the background of an increase in their mass and a decrease in the concentration of lysozyme in the protein shell of the egg. Egg incubation duration is one of the results of embryonalization as a way of evolution of ontogeny. The manifestation of the results of embryogenesis was revealed for the first eggs in the nests of the biological center of the colony. Embryonalization leads to an increase in egg incubation duration as well as to a decrease in the intensity of elimination in early ontogenesis, which affects the number of individuals breeding in the colony and, accordingly, the structure of the colonial settlement of birds.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Hoppe, Ian R., Jocelyn O. Harrison, Edward J. Raynor IV, Mary Bomberger Brown, Larkin A. Powell, and Andrew J. Tyre. "Temperature, wind, vegetation, and roads influence incubation patterns of Greater Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus) in the Nebraska Sandhills, USA." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 2 (February 2019): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0130.

Full text

Abstract:

Avian incubation involves behavioral decisions that must balance trade-offs between the incubating bird’s survival and current and future reproductive success. We evaluated variation in incubation off-bout duration and frequency among Greater Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus (Brewster, 1885)) in the Nebraska Sandhills, USA. Greater Prairie-Chicken life history favors incubation behaviors that prioritize success of the current breeding attempt over adult survival. Previous observations suggest incubating females make these behavioral decisions based on ambient temperature conditions, their own body condition, and predation risk. We monitored nest attendance by females at 30 Greater Prairie-Chicken nests to identify proximate cues used to make behavioral decisions regarding incubation. We recorded 930 incubation off-bouts. Females took 1.9 ± 0.7 off-bouts/day (mean ± SD), each with a mean (±SD) duration of 43.3 ± 24.1 min. Off-bouts were shorter in duration at higher wind speeds, at lower ambient temperatures, at nests with less cover, and at nests closer to roads. Females were most likely to leave the nest during mid-morning and evening, as are most gallinaceous birds, and incubation off-bouts became less frequent later in the season. We did not observe differences in incubation behavior between nests that failed and those that successfully hatched one or more chicks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Eichholz, Michael W., and James S. Sedinger. "Factors Affecting Duration of Incubation in Black Brant." Condor 100, no. 1 (February 1998): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1369910.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Jungbluth, Michelle J., Karen E. Selph, Petra H. Lenz, and Erica Goetze. "Incubation duration effects on copepod naupliar grazing estimates." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 494 (September 2017): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2017.05.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

A, Bilalissi. "Effects of Storage Duration on Spread of Hatch, Chick Quality and Post-Hatch Performances in Tropical Climate." International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 5, no. 5 (2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/izab-16000404.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-incubation egg storage duration on hatching traits and Sasso broilers post-hatch performances in tropical conditions. A total of 900 hatching eggs were individually numbered, weighed and stored for 3 d, 7 d or for 15 d in a climate-controlled room of 16°C and 75 % of relative humidity. After storage period, eggs were reweighed and divided into 5 replications of 60 eggs each. Then, eggs were incubated in the incubator at a temperature of 37.7◦C, relative humidity of 55 %, and turning once an hour until 18 d of incubation. At d 18 of incubation, the eggs were candled, and fertile eggs were transferred from the turning trays to the hatching baskets. During the last 3 d of incubation, the transferred eggs were checked individually every 3 h for hatching events and hatchability. After pull out at d 21.5, chicks were raised to 12-Wk-old of age for post-hatch growth measurements. The results showed that the egg weight loss increased with storage duration (p= 0.0036). The egg weight at setting and day old chick weight were significantly higher (p<0.0001) in 3 d stored eggs compared to 7 d and 15 d stored eggs. Hatchability significantly decreased (p<0.0001) with egg storage duration while, embryonic mortality increased (p<0.0001) with egg storage duration. Eggs stored for 3 d and for 7 d attained the different hatching stadia at significantly (p < 0.0001) earlier time points compared to 15 d stored eggs. The chicks weight up to 12 week, feed intake and weight gain were significantly higher (p<0.05) in 3 d stored eggs group compared to 15 d stored eggs group. It can be concluded that Sasso broiler breeders eggs should not be stored more than 7 d in tropical conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Farfour, Eric, Lucie Limousin, Amandine Henry, Emilie Cardot, Pierre Cahen, Didier Lecointe, Emilie Jolly, Marc Vasse, and Damien Mathonnet. "Optimization of incubation duration of culture media in microbiology." Annales de Biologie Clinique 77, no. 5 (October 2019): 525–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/abc.2019.1474.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Adelfio, Luca A., Steven M. Wondzell, Nathan J. Mantua, and Gordon H. Reeves. "Warm winters reduce landscape-scale variability in the duration of egg incubation for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) on the Copper River Delta, Alaska." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 8 (August 2019): 1362–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0152.

Full text

Abstract:

We quantified the sum of daily mean temperature above 0 °C and modeled incubation duration using water temperature data collected at 12 coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) spawning sites during two incubation periods with cool, snow-dominant conditions and three incubation periods with anomalously warm, rain-transitional conditions, a proxy for a future climate scenario. Warmer water temperatures during warm–rain-transitional winters yielded a 58-day reduction in the median duration of egg incubation; however, the magnitude of change at individual sites varied widely and was controlled by water source. At groundwater-fed sites, temperature variations were strongly attenuated, leading to small interannual differences in incubation duration that were relatively insensitive to short-term changes in air temperature. In contrast, modeled incubation duration was shortened by up to 3 months during warm–rain-transitional winters at precipitation-fed sites. Remarkably, our modeling showed increased uniformity in incubation duration across the landscape during warm–rain-transitional winters. The potential loss of diversity in incubation duration during warmer winters, in isolation, may reduce portfolio effects in this region’s coho salmon population by promoting greater synchronization in the time of spawning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Manlove, Chad A., and Gary R. Hepp. "Patterns of Nest Attendance in Female Wood Ducks." Condor 102, no. 2 (May 1, 2000): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.2.286.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractWe examined sources of variation in incubation patterns among female Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa), and investigated the effect of female nest attentiveness on incubation period. Data were collected from 44 females (n = 911 days) using temperature data loggers to monitor nest attendance throughout incubation. Mean (± SE) incubation constancy was 86.9 ± 0.6% and incubation period averaged 30.9 ± 0.2 days. Females took an average of two bimodally-distributed recesses per day. Duration of recesses averaged 98.6 ± 3.4 min, but were shorter in the morning than in mid-day or late afternoon. Body mass of incubating females declined 0.68 ± 0.2 g day−1, but there was no relationship between constancy and early incubation body mass or weight change of females. Incubation constancy was not correlated with length of the incubation period. For most females, incubation constancy and recess frequency did not change as incubation progressed. The fact that incubating females only lost an average of 3% of body mass, and constancy was not related to either body mass or length of the incubation period, suggests that females were not constrained energetically. Finally, we propose that the combination of reduced predation risk and the need of neonates to be more functionally mature at hatching has selected for longer incubation periods in Wood Ducks and other cavity-nesting waterfowl.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Bowers, E. K., A. White, A. Lang, L. Podgorski, C. F. Thompson, S. K. Sakaluk, W. B. Jaeckle, and R. G. Harper. "Eggshell porosity covaries with egg size among female House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon), but is unrelated to incubation onset and egg-laying order within clutches." Canadian Journal of Zoology 93, no. 6 (June 2015): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0279.

Full text

Abstract:

In birds, the duration of egg incubation (the time from incubation onset to hatching) can affect multiple components of nest success, but what affects incubation duration? Previous studies suggest that incubation duration is affected by both parental behavior and components of the egg, which have yet to be determined. One egg component that may be related to incubation behavior and the time until hatching is eggshell porosity, which affects the exchange of metabolic gasses and water vapor across the shell and, thus, the speed of embryonic development and incubation duration. We tested whether eggshell porosity was associated with the timing of incubation onset by female House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon Vieillot, 1809), and whether porosity varied within clutches in a manner that might be associated with incubation periods and hatching patterns (i.e., synchronous vs. asynchronous hatching). Eggshell porosity was unrelated to the onset of maternal incubation and did not differ between early- and later-laid eggs within clutches, but differed significantly among females and covaried with egg size. We conclude that producing all eggshells of similar porosity within clutches, while adjusting incubation onset once most or all eggs are laid, provide facultative maternal control over variation in hatching patterns.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Poussart, Catherine, Gilles Gauthier, and Jacques Larochelle. "Incubation behaviour of greater snow geese in relation to weather conditions." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-023.

Full text

Abstract:

Based on allometric considerations, goose species with larger body masses should spend more time on their nest during incubation than smaller ones. We documented hourly and daily variations in incubation behaviour of large goose species nesting in the Arctic, the greater snow goose (Chen caerulescens atlantica), and examined the effect of weather conditions on recess frequency and duration. Incubation behaviour was inferred from variations in temperature recorded by adding artificial eggs to clutches. Mean nest attentiveness during the incubation period was 91.4%, indicating that it can be relatively low even for a large goose. Females took 56 recesses/day, which lasted for an average of 22.7 min each. Variability in incubation behaviour over time was greater within females than among females. Recesses were more frequent, and of longer duration, in the afternoon than at night. Females were also less attentive to their nest as incubation progressed, a consequence of both an increase in recess frequency and duration, except in the days before hatching, when nest attentiveness rose abruptly. The relatively low nest attendance of incubating greater snow geese may be a consequence of the opportunity to feed close to the nest during recesses. Weather parameters influenced movements away from the nests in 11 of the 12 females monitored. Females took more recesses when wind velocity was low and, to a lesser extent, when air temperature and solar radiation were high, but the response was quite variable among females. Although females seem to adjust their behaviour in order to limit egg cooling, variations in risk of predation according to time of day may also influence incubation patterns.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Wei, Yufeng, Yangchun Gao, Dainan Cao, Yan Ge, Haitao Shi, and Shiping Gong. "Effect of incubation temperature and substrate moisture on embryonic development, hatchling phenotypes and post-hatching growth in the Reeves’ Turtle, Mauremys reevesii." PeerJ 9 (February 12, 2021): e10553. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10553.

Full text

Abstract:

Background Reeves’ Turtles (Mauremys reevesii) are economically important in aquaculture in China. Understanding the effects of incubation temperature and substrate moisture on embryos and hatchlings is of great significance for improving the artificial culture of M. reevesii. However, available studies have not yet determined the thermal and hydric optima for M. reevesii eggs, and the potential interaction between the two factors. Methods In this study, eggs of M. reevesii were incubated at five temperature levels (23, 26, 29, 32 and 35 °C, fluctuation range ± 0.5 °C). In each temperature level, there were three substrate moisture levels (1:0.5, 1:0.9 and 1:1.2, weight ratio of vermiculite to water). Thus, a total of 15 combinations of temperature and moisture were used to examine the effects of incubation temperature and substrate moisture on incubation duration, hatching success, hatchling phenotypes, post-hatching growth and hatchling survival. Results Substrate moisture did not significantly affect most development parameters (except incubation duration and carapace width of hatchlings). Eggs incubated at low moisture level (1:0.5) had a longer incubation duration and produced hatchlings with smaller carapace widths than those incubated at medium (1:0.9) or high (1:1.2) moisture levels. Incubation temperature had a significant effect on incubation duration, hatching success, hatchling phenotypes and hatchling survival. Incubation duration decreased as incubation temperature increased. Eggs incubated at 23, 26 and 29 °C showed higher hatching success than those incubated at 32 and 35 °C. Hatchlings incubated at 32 °C were smaller in body size and mass than those incubated at 23, 26 and 29 °C. At 12 months of age, incubation temperature had no long-lasting effect on body mass, but hatchlings incubated at 23 and 35 °C had lower survival rates than those incubated at 26, 29 and 32 °C. For the development of embryos and hatchlings, the interaction between incubation temperature and substrate moisture was not significant. Conclusions Our results indicate that incubation temperature has a significant influence on the development of embryos and hatchlings of M. reevesii, while substrate moisture only significantly affects the incubation duration and carapace width of hatchlings. The combination of an incubation temperature of 29 ± 0.5 °C and a substrate moisture level of 1:1.2 represented optimal incubation conditions in this experiment. Such incubation conditions are helpful in obtaining higher hatching success, shorter incubation duration and higher survival rates for this aquaculture species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Ditta, Adnan. "Incubation Duration of Broiler Breeder Egg and Post Hatch Performance." World s Veterinary Journal 7, no. 3 (2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/wvj.20170897.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Taborsky, Barbara, and Katharina Foerster. "Female mouthbrooders adjust incubation duration to perceived risk of predation." Animal Behaviour 68, no. 6 (December 2004): 1275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.03.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Croston, Rebecca, C. Alex Hartman, Mark P. Herzog, Michael L. Casazza, Cliff L. Feldheim, and Joshua T. Ackerman. "Timing, frequency, and duration of incubation recesses in dabbling ducks." Ecology and Evolution 10, no. 5 (February 12, 2020): 2513–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6078.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Ferreira-Júnior, PD, RL Treichel, TL Scaramussa, and JT Scalfoni. "Morphometric pattern in Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758)(Cheloniidae) hatchlings from nests with different embryo development rates." Brazilian Journal of Biology 71, no. 1 (February 2011): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842011000100022.

Full text

Abstract:

The geometric morphometric analysis of the shell of Caretta caretta hatchlings revealed that morphological variations may be related to incubation duration. Based on the overlapping of anatomical landmarks of the carapace and the plastron, it was possible to discriminate hatchlings from slow and fast developing clutches. Carapace and plastron of hatchlings from nests where incubation lasted less than 55 days are rounder as compared to the hatchlings from nests where incubation took 67 days. The differences observed in shell shape in terms of incubation duration were statistically significant, though carapace and plastron shape overlapping was observed in several individuals. Our results indicate that the incubation duration explains only a small part of the total variation in the shell shape as a whole. Yet, in spite of the low discriminant function coefficient, cross-validation tests indicated that 84.7% and 77.8% of the hatchlings were correctly categorised concerning the carapace and plastron, when the descriptive variable is incubation duration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Verspoor, E., T. R. Birkhead, and D. N. Nettleship. "Incubation and brooding shift duration in the Common Murre, Uria aalge." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-039.

Full text

Abstract:

Within- and between-year variation in incubation and chick-brooding shift duration were studied during the 1981–1983 breeding seasons in Common Murre, Uria aalge, pairs on the Gannet Islands, Labrador. Incubation shifts averaged 17 h (range: 1–38 h) and daytime brooding shifts, 4 h (range: 1–14 h). Brooding shifts that included the night, during which change-overs did not occur, averaged 12 h (range: 7–20 h). No differences in shift duration were detected between the sexes but females incubated more at night than did males and were more likely to initiate their incubation shifts in early morning or late evening than males. There was no evidence that pairs tended to change over at the same time each day or that change-overs of neighbouring pairs were synchronized. Shift duration during chick rearing showed significant differences between 1982 and 1983 and the possibility that this was in response to differences in food availability is discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Ferreira Júnior, PD, and PTA Castro. "Nesting ecology of Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) and Podocnemis unifilis (Troschel, 1848) (Testudines, Podocnemididae) in the Javaés River, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 70, no. 1 (February 2010): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010000100012.

Full text

Abstract:

Nest site has influence on incubation duration and hatching success of two Neotropical turtles, the Giant Amazon River Turtle (Podocnemis expansa) and Yellow-Spotted Side-Neck Turtle (Podocnemis unifilis - "Tracajá"). The 2000 and 2001 nesting seasons have been monitored at the Javaés River in Bananal Island, Brazil. Although they nest on the same beaches, there is a separation of the nesting areas of P unifilis and P. expansa nests on the upper parts of the beach. The incubation duration for P. expansa is influenced by the nesting period, the height of the nest from the river, the clutch size, and the grain size in the site of the nest. Nests of Podocnemis expansa placed in coarse sediments have shorter incubation duration than those placed in finer sediments. The hatching success in P. expansa is influenced by grain size, incubation duration, and nesting period. The grain size is negatively correlated with hatching success, indicating that the nests situated in finer-grained sand have better chances of successful egg hatching than those in coarser-grained sand. Nests of the end of the reproductive season have lower hatching success and incubation duration than those at the start of the season. For P. unifilis, the nesting period and nest depth influence the incubation duration; moreover, the river dynamics significantly affect the hatching success. The oscillation of the river level and the moment of initial increase, the height of the nest from the river level, and the nesting period are all decisive components for hatching success. The results of this research show the importance of protecting areas with great geological diversity, wherein the features of the environment can affect the microenvironment of nests, with consequences on incubation duration and hatching success.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Meister, Alexander Dominik, and René Mauer. "Understanding refugee entrepreneurship incubation – an embeddedness perspective." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 25, no. 5 (August 13, 2019): 1065–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-02-2018-0108.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose Recent years have seen a wave of immigration in western countries. Entrepreneurship can foster refugees’ integration in the labour market. Hence, the authors observe an emergence of incubators with social purpose, addressing the key challenges of refugee entrepreneurs. The purpose of this paper is to look at the particularities and the impact of business incubation on entrepreneurial development and embeddedness of refugee entrepreneurs in the host country by applying the theoretical lens of mixed embeddedness theory. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a qualitative case study approach exploring one business incubation model for refugee entrepreneurs in Germany. For a multi-stakeholder perspective, the data were collected through a participatory focus group workshop and semi-structured interviews of refugee entrepreneurs and incubator stakeholders (e.g. incubator management, mentors and partners) contributing to the incubation. The data collection extends over the duration of five months of the incubation programme. Findings The empirical results emphasise the impact of the business incubator on refugee entrepreneur’s development and embeddedness. In this analysis, the authors identify key themes of a particular incubation process addressing the lack of embeddedness and barriers to refugee entrepreneurs in the host country. From the results, the authors elaborate a particular business incubation process framework of refugee entrepreneurs. Originality/value The findings enhance the understanding how business incubation contributes to the embeddedness of refugee entrepreneurs in their new hosting environment. Thus, this research contributes to the existing literature by extending incubation model frameworks towards refugee entrepreneurship and embeddedness perspectives. Furthermore, the study emphasises the role of the incubator in the context of the dimensions of the mixed embeddedness of the refugee entrepreneurs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Bilalissi, A., H. T. Meteyake, Y. A. E. Kouame, O. E. Oke, H. Lin, O. Onagbesan, E. Decuypere, and K. Tona. "Effects of pre-incubation storage duration and nonventilation incubation procedure on embryonic physiology and post-hatch chick performance." Poultry Science 101, no. 5 (May 2022): 101810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2022.101810.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Fiaccadori, R., and A. Cesari. "DURATION OF VENTURIA INAEQUALIS INCUBATION PERIOD AND APPLICATION IN SCAB CONTROL." Acta Horticulturae, no. 422 (July 1996): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1996.422.30.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Kopsell, David E., William M. Randle, and Norman E. Schmidt. "Incubation Time, Cultivar, and Storage Duration Affect Onion Lachrymatory Factor Quantification." HortScience 37, no. 3 (June 2002): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.3.567.

Full text

Abstract:

The lachrymatory factor [LF, (Z,E) propanethial S-oxide] is a direct product of 1-propenyl cysteine sulfoxide (1-PRENCSO) hydrolysis and dominates onion flavor when present in high concentrations. To evaluate LF as a potential means of assessing flavor quality, two onion cultivars were greenhouse-grown and the bulbs stored for 4 months at 3 ± 1 °C, 70% relative humidity. Onions were evaluated at monthly storage intervals for LF development in bulb macerates following a 120 seconds incubation time. When LF was compared to amounts of 1-PRENCSO hydrolysis, we found that LF was severely underestimated. The relationship of LF and 1-PRENCSO also varied between cultivars during storage. As `Granex 33' was stored for longer periods, the amount of LF measured at 120 seconds more closely reflected the amount of 1-PRENCSO hydrolyzed. LF from `Dehydrator #3', however, was consistently underestimated regardless of storage time. Therefore, a second experiment was conducted using individual bulbs of two onion cultivars in an attempt to determine the optimal incubation time for LF quantification. Maximum LF among bulbs was generally detected 5-10 seconds after tissue maceration for `Dehydrator' and after 15-30 seconds for `Sweet Vidalia'. The amount of LF quantified between 5 and 120 seconds decreased linearly for nine of ten bulbs of `Dehydrator', but this trend was less apparent for `Sweet Vidalia'. A uniform LF incubation time for individual bulbs, therefore, may not be possible for all cultivars. These data show a complex relationship among and within onion cultivars for 1-PRENCSO hydrolysis and the formation of LF in onion macerates.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Tona, K., O. Onagbesan, V. Bruggeman, L. De Smit, D. Figueiredo, and E. Decuypere. "Non-ventilation during early incubation in combination with dexamethasone administration during late incubation: 1. Effects on physiological hormone levels, incubation duration and hatching events." Domestic Animal Endocrinology 33, no. 1 (July 2007): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2006.04.002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Jribi, Imed, Abdelmaula Hamza, Almoktar Saied, and Atef Ouergui. "Sex ratio estimations of loggerhead marine turtle hatchlings by incubation duration and nest temperature at Sirte beaches (Libya)." Scientia Marina 77, no. 4 (October 28, 2013): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03855.28b.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Tiara, Dede, Roedhy Poerwanto, Roedhy Poerwanto, and Darda Efendi. "Study of Incubation Duration After Degreening and Storage Methods on the Quality of Tangerine "Garut" (Citrus reticulata B.)." Journal of Tropical Crop Science 6, no. 03 (October 24, 2019): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.6.03.193-200.

Full text

Abstract:

Ripened citrus fruits with an orange rind have a higher market demand relative to unripen citrus with a green rind. This research was aimed to evaluate the combination of post-degreening incubation duration before storage with the type of storage to increase orange rind color and storage life of citrus fruit. A randomized block design with two factors was used; the first factor was post-degreening incubation duration before storage that comprised of without incubation, incubation for two and four days. The second factor was storage method that comprised of storage at room temperature (29 ± 1oC), at 18 ± 1oC, waxing and storage at room temperature, waxing and storage at 18 ± 1oC. The result shows that post-degreening incubation duration that increased orange color of citrus rind was four days. The citrus which was stored at 18 ± 1oC had the smallest fruit weight loss. The best treatment combination which increased orange color formation and had lower percentage of fruit weight loss was a combination of 4 days incubation after degreening and storage at 18± 1oC.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Huang, Yi-Cheng. "EFFECTS OF ULTRASOUND ON ARTEMIA CYST INCUBATION." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 29, no. 01 (February 2017): 1750002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237217500028.

Full text

Abstract:

The present work aims to test the bioeffects of ultrasounds on cyst formation in the crustacean Artemia salina. It is designed to identify which durations of ultrasonic exposure are capable of influencing hatching rates. The transducers used in the experiment were operated at resonant (0.23[Formula: see text]MHz and 4.7[Formula: see text]MHz) and non-resonant (0.5[Formula: see text]MHz and 1[Formula: see text]MHz) frequencies and the intensities of 3.25[Formula: see text]mW/cm2 and 13.63[Formula: see text]mW/cm2. The Rayleigh–Plesset theoretical framework was used to calculate the dynamics of shell-encapsulated cysts. The duration of ultrasound exposure was approximately 2[Formula: see text]min every 2[Formula: see text]h, repeated 6 times in the culture range of 1–15[Formula: see text]h. The results demonstrate that irradiation at an intensity of 13.63[Formula: see text]mW/cm2 and a driving frequency of 0.23[Formula: see text]MHz increased the number of hatched larvae by approximately 31.7%, compared with unexposed control samples. In conclusion, the theoretical model provided a useful means of predicting the most efficient frequency of sonication.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Donofre, Ana Carolina, Iran José Oliveira da Silva, Aérica Cirqueira Nazareno, and Iuri Emmanuel De Paula Ferreira. "Mechanical vibrations in the transport of hatching eggs and the losses caused in the hatch and quality of broiler chicks." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 48, no. 1 (February 17, 2017): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2017.593.

Full text

Abstract:

Many factors present in eggs’ transportation from incubator to growing confinements can damage their integrity and, consequently, the results of the incubation. This study aimed to evaluate whether the intensity and duration of exposures of hatching eggs to mechanical vibrations were capable of affecting the hatch and the quality of broiler chicks. Four treatments, determined by two intensities of vibrations and two durations of exposures were evaluated and compared with a control group in a randomised design in blocks with four repetitions. The vibrations were applied by a mechanical shaker before incubation. Then the eggs were incubated and as the following responses were evaluated: hatchability, the type of embryonic mortality, the quality of the birds and the total of losses. The analyses were carried out by a binomial regression model, with application of the Wald test at 5% significance level. The results showed that the exposure of eggs to mechanical vibrations harmfully affects the hatchability and reduces the ratio (percentage) of high quality chicks. Highest vibration level together with longer duration of exposure resulted in worst hatchability and losses. It is argued that the mechanical vibrations are potentially damaging and should be regarded as an important factor in the management of hatching eggs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Bilgrami, Anwar L., and Randy Gaugler. "Feeding behaviour of the predatory nematodes Laimydorus baldus and Discolaimus major (Nematoda: Dorylaimida)." Nematology 7, no. 1 (2005): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568541054192207.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Feeding activities of the predatory nematodes Laimydorus baldus and Discolaimus major were studied under laboratory conditions in relation to temperature (5–40°C), prey density (25–250 individuals), predator starvation (0–12 days) and prey incubation (4–24 h) using the rice root nematode, Hirschmanniella oryzae, as prey. Prey search duration, rate of predation, and the number and duration of predators feeding and aggregating at feeding sites were studied. Discolaimus major killed more prey, and fed and aggregated longer than L. baldus. Predator activities at the feeding site were optimal at 30°C. Predators starved for 6 days required the briefest prey search duration, and remained aggregated at the feeding site for a longer duration. Predators were increasingly efficient at search prey as prey density increased. Prey search and feeding durations were shortest when prey nematodes were incubated between 8–16 h. Predation rate was optimal when prey were incubated for 16 h. Prey search and killing abilities of L. baldus and D. major were governed by temperature, prey density, starvation and prey incubation, and depended upon feeding duration, number of predators feeding and aggregating at the feeding sites.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Atikah, Titin Apung. "Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Terung Ungu Varietas Yumi F1 dengan Pemberian Berbagai Bahan Organik dan Lama Inkubasi pada Tanah Berpasir." Anterior Jurnal 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/anterior.v12i2.300.

Full text

Abstract:

The research aims to study the response of plant purple eggplant F1 Yumi variety by providing various organic materials and the proper incubation duration on sandy soil. This research used Completely Randomized Factorial Design. The first factor is giving various organic materials (chicken manure, and kayambang bokashi manure + rice husk charcoal) and the second is the incubation duration (2.4 and 6 weeks before planting). The results showed that providing various organic materials and the incubation duration highly significant influence on plant height and number of leaves aged 4 and 6 weeks after planted, the number of productive branches and fresh weight of fruit crops, but did not significantly affect the parameters of plant height and number of leaves aged 2 WAP. The highest yield for plant height parameter aged 4 and 6 WAP, number of leaves aged 4 and 6 WAP, number of productive branchs, number of fruits and fresh fruit weight was obtained at bokashi manure + rice husk charcoal treatment with 4 weeks incubation duration before planting.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Schöll, Eva Maria, Manuel Polo Aparisi, and Sabine Marlene Hille. "Diurnal patterns of ambient temperature but not precipitation influence incubation behavior in Great Tits." Journal of Ornithology 161, no. 2 (November 26, 2019): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-019-01737-9.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractEnvironmental conditions affect incubation behavior, but whilst the effect of ambient temperature is studied and still controversially discussed, the role of precipitation is unknown. Here, we analyzed the effect of local ambient temperature and precipitation on incubation behavior of female Great Tits (Parus major) and accounted for diurnal patterns of weather conditions. We monitored the incubation behavior of females using temperature data loggers, thus identifying periods of staying inside nest boxes incubating, and leaving nest boxes (off-bout). In total, 685 single off-bouts were analyzed between the first 8 days of incubation directly after clutches were completed. Our study showed that whilst precipitation had no effect on incubation behavior, number and duration of off-bouts were negatively related to ambient temperature, which varied throughout the day. We showed that females took longer off-bouts during low-temperature early mornings, which may result from the need to forage after fasting during the night. Thus, foraging in the early morning seemed to outcompete energy requirements during these cold temperature periods. In addition, females spent less time off the nest as incubation progressed. Our results emphasize that patterns of incubation behavior cannot be understood without taking into account varying temperature conditions throughout the day.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Godley, BJ, AC Broderick, and N. Mrosovsky. "Estimating hatchling sex ratios of loggerhead turtles in Cyprus from incubation duration." Marine Ecology Progress Series 210 (2001): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps210195.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Hove, Maxwell G. M., and Gail L. Woods. "Duration of fungal culture incubation in an area endemic for Histoplasma capsulatum." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 28, no. 1 (May 1997): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0732-8893(97)89158-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Godfrey, Matthew H., Adriana F. D'Amato, Maria Â. Marcovaldi, and N. Mrosovsky. "Pivotal temperature and predicted sex ratios for hatchling hawksbill turtles from Brazil." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 9 (November 15, 1999): 1465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-117.

Full text

Abstract:

Like all other species of sea turtle, the hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) exhibits temperature-dependent sexual differentiation, with high incubation temperatures producing females and low temperatures producing males. Relatively little is known about the sex ratios of hatchlings produced by nesting populations of hawksbill turtles. Here we estimate the overall seasonal sex ratios of hatchling hawksbill turtles produced in Bahia, Brazil, during 6 nesting seasons, based on incubation durations, pivotal temperature, and pivotal incubation duration. The overall sex ratio of hatchlings produced in Bahia from 1991-1992 through 1996-1997 was estimated to be >90% female, which is more female-biased than estimated sex ratios of hatchling loggerhead turtles from Bahia and Florida, U.S.A. The biological and conservation implications of skewed sex ratios are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

DEVASIA, T., B. LOPMAN, J. LEON, and A. HANDEL. "Association of host, agent and environment characteristics and the duration of incubation and symptomatic periods of norovirus gastroenteritis." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 11 (December 8, 2014): 2308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268814003288.

Full text

Abstract:

SUMMARYWe analysed the reported duration of incubation and symptomatic periods of norovirus for a dataset of 1022 outbreaks, 64 of which reported data on the average incubation period and 87 on the average symptomatic period. We found the mean and median incubation periods for norovirus to be 32·8 [95% confidence interval (CI) 30·9–34·6] hours and 33·5 (95% CI 32·0–34·0) hours, respectively. For the symptomatic period we found the mean and median to be 44·2 (95% CI 38·9–50·7) hours and 43·0 (95% CI 36·0–48·0) hours, respectively. We further investigated how these average periods were associated with several reported host, agent and environmental characteristics. We did not find any strong, biologically meaningful associations between the duration of incubation or symptomatic periods and the reported host, pathogen and environmental characteristics. Overall, we found that the distributions of incubation and symptomatic periods for norovirus infections are fairly constant and showed little differences with regard to the host, pathogen and environmental characteristics we analysed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Durmuş, Salih Hakan, Çetin Ilgaz, Özgür Güçlü, and Adem Özdemir. "The effect of the predicted air temperature change on incubation temperature, incubation duration, sex ratio and hatching success of loggerhead turtles." Animal Biology 61, no. 4 (2011): 369–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075511x596864.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractMarine turtles are sensitive to temperature changes and thus are likely to be impacted by the predicted climate change. This study assesses the effect of the predicted air temperature change on incubation temperature, incubation duration, sex ratio and hatching success of the loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta at the Mediterranean nesting sites of Dalyan and Fethiye, Turkey. We recorded sand temperatures and used air temperatures at two nesting sites to estimate the sex ratio of hatchlings. The data showed that hatchling production was 59.1% and 77.7% at Dalyan in 2004 and 2009, respectively, and 72.2% and 72.3% at Fethiye at 2008 and 2009, respectively. Incubation temperature was positively correlated with both air temperature and distance to sea. Sex ratio estimation and incubation duration between the years 1993 and 2009 in Fethiye show polynomic trend lines. The best predictors of hatching success were distance to vegetation and wet depth of nest. We modelled the effects of incremental increases in the future air temperature of up to 10°C. We suggest that clutch death is not likely to begin until 3°C of warming, increasing from 5.3% to 100.0% with warming between 4°C and 10°C.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Skrade, P. D. B., and S. J. Dinsmore. "Incubation patterns of a shorebird with rapid multiple clutches, the Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, no. 2 (February 2012): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-134.

Full text

Abstract:

The rapid multiclutch parental care system of the Mountain Plover ( Charadrius montanus J.K. Townsend, 1837) presents a rare opportunity to examine sex-specific differences in avian uniparental care. We monitored incubation activity for this species using a combination of video (857 h at 25 nests during 2007) and temperature data-recording (>10 000 h at 124 nests during 2006–2008) at breeding areas in Montana. We modeled possible differences in nocturnal activity using the duration of off-bouts of incubating adults and included the effects of nest age, day of season, ambient temperature, precipitation, and time of departure. Males, on average, made 1.48 departures·h–1over a 24 h period (SE = 0.35 departures·h–1, n = 6 days) and females made 1.41 departures·h–1(SE = 0.11 departures·h–1, n = 26 days). The mean duration of nocturnal off-bouts for males was 0.38 h (SE = 0.01 h, n = 1925), while the mean duration of female off-bouts was 0.36 h (SE = 0.01 h, n = 2716). Plovers had longer off-bouts from their nests in the middle of the night and early in the breeding season. This study furthers an understanding of incubation patterns in an uncommon avian parental care system and provides important behavioral information about a species of conservation concern.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Uppala, Sai Sree, B. M. Wu, and S. C. Alderman. "Effects of Temperature and Duration of Preconditioning Cold Treatment on Sclerotial Germination of Claviceps purpurea." Plant Disease 100, no. 10 (October 2016): 2080–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-16-0215-re.

Full text

Abstract:

Claviceps purpurea is an important ovary-infecting pathogen that replaces seed with sclerotia in Kentucky bluegrass grown for seed. Sclerotia overwinter in the soil and germinate in the spring to produce ascospores that infect grass seed ovaries. To better understand environmental conditions affecting ascospore production, the effects of preconditioning cold treatment and subsequent incubation temperature on germination of sclerotia were determined in growth chambers under controlled conditions. Preconditioning cold treatment was essential for germination only in treatments where the incubation temperature was high (at least higher than 20°C). At lower incubation temperatures (10 to 20°C), preconditioning also played a role in improving sclerotial germination. Preconditioning at 4°C (in darkness) for 4 to 8 weeks followed by incubation at 10 and 20°C (cycle of 12 h each of darkness and light), or constant 15°C (cycle of 12 h each of darkness and light), was optimal for ergot germination. When sclerotia were preconditioned for 4 weeks or longer, number of incubation days required for initiation of germination was not affected by temperature in the range from 10 to 25°C (cycle of 12 h each of darkness and light), although the duration of germination (or the progress speed of germination) was still affected by temperature. A simple model was developed based on laboratory results and validated with historic spore trap data collected from various Kentucky bluegrass fields in Oregon (Willamette Valley, central Oregon, and Grande Ronde Valley). The prediction model could predict ascospore onset well and explained 55% of variation in the data.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Mrosovsky, N., Stephanie Kamel, Alan F. Rees, and D. Margaritoulis. "Pivotal temperature for loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from Kyparissia Bay, Greece." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 2118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-204.

Full text

Abstract:

Pivotal temperature (the constant temperature giving 50% of each sex) for two clutches of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from Kyparissia Bay, Greece, was 29.3°C. Pivotal incubation duration (the time from laying to hatching giving 50% of each sex) was 52.6 days. These values are close to those obtained for this species in Brazil and the United States, providing further evidence that these characteristics are relatively conservative in different populations. Methodological differences between different experiments and limitations on accuracy of equipment make the detection of small differences problematic. Comparison of incubation durations in the field with the pivotal durations obtained here suggest that hatchling sex ratio on some Mediterranean beaches is female biased but probably varies considerably within this region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Dhillon, M. K., and H. C. Sharma. "Effect of storage temperature and duration on viability of eggs of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 97, no. 1 (February 2007): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485307004725.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe ability to store different insect stadia for prolonged periods provides considerable flexibility and ability to conduct experiments properly. Therefore, studies were undertaken to determine the effect of storage temperature and duration on viability of eggs of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). The percentage egg hatch and incubation period were significantly (P=0.01) influenced by egg age, storage temperature, and storage duration. Egg hatch ranged from 0.0 to 96.8% across temperatures and storage durations. None of the eggs hatched when stored at −20 and 0°C. The regression model with the optimum Mallow Cp statistic for any of the identified linear and quadratic terms did not improve the precision of prediction in egg hatch beyond 67.0%. Forecasting of incubation period based on egg age, storage duration, and duration×temperature was quite effective (R2=84.2%). Day degrees required for egg hatching decreased with an increase in temperature from 10 to 27°C, and egg age from 0 to 3 days. The day degree requirements were highest for 0-day-old eggs at 10°C, and lowest at 27°C. Although the incubation period was higher, the hatchability was lower for 0- and 1-day-old eggs stored at constant 10°C, these eggs can be stored for 10 days at 10°C, with a hatchability of >75.0%. It was safer to store the H. armigera eggs for 10 days at 10°C, which will hatch within 1.6 to 2.0 days after restoration at 27°C with a hatchability of >75.0%. This information will be useful in planning and execution of experiments involving H. armigera on various aspects of research in entomology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Chungu, C., J. Gilbert, and F. Townley-Smith. "Septoria tritici Blotch Development as Affected by Temperature, Duration of Leaf Wetness, Inoculum Concentration, and Host." Plant Disease 85, no. 4 (April 2001): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.4.430.

Full text

Abstract:

The effects of incubation temperature, leaf-wetness duration, inoculum concentration, and interaction between leaf-wetness duration and inoculum concentration on the development of Septoria tritici blotch were evaluated at the seedling stage in two bread wheats (Katepwa and 6 Lacos-78) and two durum wheats (AC Melita and Kyle). The study was conducted to assess if bread and durum cultivars widely grown in Manitoba and a resistant cultivar from South America react differently to the disease at temperatures characteristic of Manitoba summers, and to obtain information on conditions that would be used in differentiating resistant and susceptible cultivars under controlled conditions. The experiments were carried out under three temperature regimes. Factors that evaluated included inoculum concentration and duration of leaf wetness. Increasing incubation temperature, duration of leaf wetness, and inoculum concentration resulted in an increase in disease severity. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences for duration of leaf wetness and inoculum concentration within each cultivar. Pycnidia were observed 4 days earlier when incubation temperature increased from 18°C day/15°C night to 22°C day/15°C night or when inoculum concentration increased from 1 × 106 spores/ml to 1 × 107 spores/ml. There were more pycnidia when duration of leaf wetness was 72 h as opposed to 48 h and 60 h. The cultivar that was presumed to be resistant maintained its resistance under environmental conditions that are characteristic of Manitoba summers. We found that the optimal conditions for screening spring wheats for Septoria tritici blotch reaction were incubation temperatures of 18°C day/15°C night, and 22°C day/15°C night. Leaf wetness duration of 48 or 72 h and inoculum concentration of 1 × 107 spores/ml consistently produced a susceptible reaction on Katepwa, AC Melita, and Kyle the three cultivars that were susceptible to Septoria tritici blotch.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Shahoveisi, F., and L. E. del Río Mendoza. "Effect of Wetness Duration and Incubation Temperature on Development of Ascosporic Infections by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Plant Disease 104, no. 6 (June 2020): 1817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-19-1304-re.

Full text

Abstract:

The impact of wetness duration and incubation temperatures on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ascospore germination and ascosporic infection efficiency were evaluated. Ascospore germination was optimal when incubated in continuous moisture (free water) at 21°C. Significantly lower germination was observed at 10 or 30°C. Interrupting ascospore wet incubation was detrimental for germination. In infection efficiency studies, dry bean and canola flowers were inoculated with dry ascospores and placed on leaves of dry bean and canola plants, respectively. Dry bean plants were incubated for 196 h at 18 to 20°C in alternating 8 to 16 h wet/12 to 24 h dry periods. Canola plants were incubated for 240 h at 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30°C in alternating 6 to 18 h wet/18 to 6 h dry periods. Interrupting wet incubation delayed symptom appearance and hindered development of the epidemics on both plant types. Logistic regression models estimated at 50% the probability of disease development on dry bean and canola plants when 68 and 48 h of wet incubation at 20°C accumulated in a period of 6 days, respectively. The canola model was validated using data from field trials. Results of these studies will contribute to develop more accurate warning models for diseases caused by S. sclerotiorum.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Kumar, S., R. Ramesh, S. Sardesai, and M. S. Sheshshayee. "Effect of incubation time and substrate concentration on N-uptake rates by phytoplankton in the Bay of Bengal." Biogeosciences Discussions 2, no. 5 (September 6, 2005): 1331–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-2-1331-2005.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. We report here the results of three experiments, which are slight variations of the 15N method (JGOFS protocol) for determination of new production. The first two test the effect of (i) duration of incubation time and (ii) concentration of tracer added on the uptake rates of various N-species (nitrate, ammonium and urea) by marine phytoplankton; while the third compares in situ and deck incubations from dawn to dusk. Results indicate that nitrate uptake can be underestimated by experiments where incubation times shorter than 4h or when more than 10% of the ambient concentration of nitrate is added prior to incubation. The f-ratio increases from 0.28 to 0.42 when the incubation time increases from two to four hours. This may be due to the observed increase in the uptake rate of nitrate and decrease in the urea uptake rate. Unlike ammonium [y{=}2.07x{-}0.002\\, (r2=0.55)] and urea uptakes [y{=}1.88x{+}0.004 (r2=0.88)], the nitrate uptake decreases as the concentration of the substrate (x) increases, showing a negative correlation [y{=}-0.76x+0.05 (r2=0.86)], possibly due to production of glutamine, which might suppress nitrate uptake. This leads to decline in the f-ratio from 0.47 to 0.10, when concentration of tracer varies from 0.01 to 0.04μ M. The column integrated total productions are 519 mg C m-2 d-1 and 251 mg C m-2 d-1 for in situ and deck incubations, respectively. The 14C based production at the same location is ~200 mg C m-2 d-1, which is in closer agreement to the 15N based total production measured by deck incubation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Li, Hong, Zong-Shi Zhou, Guo-Hua Ding, and Xiang Ji. "Fluctuations in incubation temperature affect incubation duration but not morphology, locomotion and growth of hatchlings in the sand lizardLacerta agilis(Lacertidae)." Acta Zoologica 94, no. 1 (September 28, 2011): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6395.2011.00526.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Wang, Bing, Bao-Hua Li, Xiang-Li Dong, Cai-Xia Wang, and Zhen-Fang Zhang. "Effects of Temperature, Wetness Duration, and Moisture on the Conidial Germination, Infection, and Disease Incubation Period of Glomerella cingulata." Plant Disease 99, no. 2 (February 2015): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-14-0361-re.

Full text

Abstract:

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) caused by Glomerella cingulata is a newly emergent disease that results in severe defoliation and fruit spots. Currently, GLS is not effectively controlled in China due to a lack of understanding of its epidemiology. Therefore, the effects of temperature, wetness duration, and moisture on conidial germination, infection, and the disease incubation period of GLS were examined by inoculating cv. Gala apple leaves with a conidial suspension and performing in vitro germination assays. Conidia could germinate and form appressoria at temperatures ranging from 5 to 35°C, with an optimum temperature of 27.6°C. The germination of conidia required free water or a nearly saturated relative humidity, with only a few conidia germinating and forming appressoria when the RH was less than 99%. The conidial germination dynamics at 10, 25, and 30°C were well represented by three logistic models. The infection of cv. Gala apple leaves by conidia occurred at temperatures ranging from 15 to 35°C. The minimum wetness duration required for infection by conidia at different temperatures was described using a polynomial equation, and the lowest minimum wetness duration was 2.76 h, which occurred at 27.6°C according to the polynomial. Successful infection by conidia was represented by the number of lesions per leaf, which increased with extended wetness durations at the conidial infection stage for six tested temperatures, with the exception of 10°C, when the minimum wetness durations were satisfied. The associations of successfully infected conidia with wetness duration at temperatures of 15, 20, 25, and 30°C were described by four logistic models. Conidia infections developed into visible lesions at temperatures ranging from 15 to 30°C, and the shortest incubation period of 2 days was observed at 25°C. These data and models can be used to construct forecasting models and develop effective control systems for Glomerella leaf spot.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Thite, Mohini D., Snehal R. Ingle, and Aniket S. Gaikwad. "Effect of incubation duration of incorporated organic manures on chemical properties of Inceptisol." Pharma Innovation 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2022.v11.i1c.9950.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Frandsen, E. K., and R. A. Bacchus. "Effect of duration of pre-incubation on the specificity of the fructosamine assay." Clinical Chemistry 34, no. 7 (July 1, 1988): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/34.7.1510.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Davis, Stephen K. "Renesting intervals and duration of the incubation and nestling periods of Sprague's Pipits." Journal of Field Ornithology 80, no. 3 (September 2009): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00229.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Stadnyk, Vitalii, Chrystyna Mayor, Lyudmyla Izyumova, and Vasyl Vlizlo. "Relation between duration of incubation period of prion infections and prion protein conformation." Medical Hypotheses 77, no. 2 (August 2011): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2011.04.010.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Solagaistua, Libe, Arturo Elosegi, and Aitor Larrañaga. "Consumption and performance responses of the amphipod Echinogammarus berilloni change during laboratory incubation." Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology 55 (2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/limn/2019024.

Full text

Abstract:

Microcosms try to mimic the behaviour of natural ecosystems; however, differences in experimental conditions reduce comparability among studies. A standard incubation duration may increase comparability between experiments without losing realism in the response. Some response variables can respond fast, acting as early warning signals of other, more important oncoming changes. In this experiment, we test the effects of resource quality and incubation duration on the performance of the amphipod Echinogammarus berilloni. Individuals were fed on five leaf species of contrasting quality and we measured their consumption rate, death rate, RNA:body mass (RNA:BM), growth rate, mass body condition and lipid body condition over time. We predicted that (i) resource quality would affect the response variables, (ii) consumption rate and RNA:BM ratio would act as early warning signals of oncoming changes in growth or death rates, and (iii) the inter-individual variation would gradually decrease with time. Resource quality was positively related to consumption rates, although it did not correlate to nutrient concentration and toughness of the materials. Amphipod body mass condition changed with diet, animals feeding on oak and beech showing the lowest values. Death rate, growth rate, RNA:BM, and lipid mass condition did not change with food resources. Consumption, growth rate and mass body condition changed with time. Moreover, consumption, mass body condition and RNA:BM significantly interacted with incubation duration. Variability among individuals in consumption and growth rate decreased with time, as predicted. Our results pointed that special care should be taken when comparing microcosm experiments with different incubation duration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Incubation duration'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles