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1
Famiola, Melia, and Sri Hartati. "Entrepreneurship Learning System in Business Incubators : An Case Study In Indonesia." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.28 (2018): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.28.22390.
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This paper aims to explore the system of entrepreneurial learning in Indonesian business Incubator and identify their success factors to support the entrepreneurs. This study is qualitative research using case approach. We collect data from six incubators in West Java Indonesia and interviewing tenants and person in charge of the incubation management. In general, we found three similar stages of incubation assistance to encourage and support entrepreneurial process for their tenants: pre-incubation, incubation, and post-incubation. Even though the condition is not in an ideal, the respondents highlight some influent factors of the incubation performance in Indonesia; 1) government support for incubation program related in funding, infrastructure and policies toward the entrepreneurship ecosystem; 2) networking with financial institution; 3) Support from university and research centre; 4) Social environment of incubators.
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Sutama, I. Ketut, I. Ketut Pasek, and I. Gede Mudana. "Business Incubators Support College Performance." Soshum : Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora 8, no. 1 (2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/soshum.v8i1.623.
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Business incubators have a very important role in developing entrepreneurship, since it gives large opportunity to its participants to develop their business skill during incubation. The Indonesian government today provides a major boost to the development of business incubators in universities or other form of higher education institutions. The purpose of this research is to analyze the validation of the establishment of business incubator in colleges. In Ministerial Regulation (Permen) Minister of Cooperation and Small Medium Entrepreneurship the Republic of Indonesia No. 24/2015 explained that the head of the university, the Rector or the Director may issue a business incubators license. Thus, internal validation can be done by university or college management through the issuance of Decree (SK) Establishment complete with personnel appointed as manager. Furthermore, the college, has to provide a place or room consisting of office space, tenant room at least 3, discussion room 1, and tenant production display room. External validation is carried out by tenants through their success of becoming independent businessmen after being forged or incubated in a business incubator for a maximum of 3 years in one incubation period.
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Demuth, Jeffery P. "The effects of constant and fluctuating incubation temperatures on sex determination, growth, and performance in the tortoise Gopherus polyphemus." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 9 (2001): 1609–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-120.
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Temperature-dependent sex determination is one of the best documented yet evolutionarily enigmatic sex-determining systems. The classical theoretical framework suggests that temperature-dependent sex determination will be adaptive when males and females benefit differentially from development at certain temperatures. Empirical evidence has not provided convincing support for this "differential-fitness" hypothesis. Furthermore, since most experiments utilize constant temperature incubation treatments to explore phenotypic response to temperature, few studies have addressed the consequences of incubation under natural conditions. In this study I utilized constant-temperature laboratory incubations and natural-nest incubations to determine the effects of temperature on sex, size, growth, and locomotor performance in the tortoise Gopherus polyphemus. Constant-temperature incubations do induce substantial growth and performance variation in these tortoises. However, the data do not clearly support the differential-fitness hypothesis because (i) growth variation does not result in adult size dimorphism, (ii) performance differences are confined to a very short period after hatching, and (iii) natural incubation temperatures do not vary sufficiently to produce significant phenotypic variation in traits other than sex.
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Wonglimpiyarat, Jarunee. "Incubator policy to support entrepreneurial development, technology transfer and commercialization." World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 10, no. 4 (2014): 334–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-03-2014-0008.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the incubator policy to support entrepreneurial development. In particular, the study reviews the incubation programs and strategies of technology transfer and commercialization as well as the innovation policies to support innovation commercialization in Thailand, based on the Triple Helix model. Design/methodology/approach – This study employs the use of case study methodology to understand in-depth the operations of major university business incubators (UBIs) and technology business incubators in enhancing the process of technology commercialization. The study examines case studies of leading UBIs (Mahidol University, Chulalongkorn University and King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi) and science and technology incubators of the National Science and Technology Agency (NSTDA) and the National Innovation Agency (NIA). The operations and incubating policies are analyzed through the lens of Triple Helix model. The interviews were carried out using the semi-structured questionnaire to understand the views of trilateral parties (the government, university and industry) related to the concept of Triple Helix model. The interviews were carried out with major stakeholders including policy makers, policy analysts, government officials, managers running incubators, incubates, university professors, research managers. Interview data were supported by an examination of secondary data so as to provide a cross check on internal validity. Findings – The results have shown that the incubation program is one of the major policy mechanisms to support innovation and suggested that UBIs should act as an intermediary between the spheres of university and industry to provide interactive linkages and promote effective utilization of university research. The empirical study provides insightful implications on the move toward the entrepreneurial university and the dynamics of the Triple Helix system in stimulating innovation development and diffusion. Originality/value – By focussing on the major UBIs and technology business incubators in one of the Asian Tigers – Thailand, the study offers the model of university technology commercialization which could be applied to other developing economies. The study provides useful lessons and insights on the process of technology transfer and commercialization through the university incubation mechanism (university technology commercialization).
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Lepik, Katri-Liis, and Eliisa Sakarias. "Towards an understanding of how a higher education institution can enhance the impact of social enterprises through incubation." Management & Marketing 18, no. 1 (2023): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2023-0003.
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Abstract Social entrepreneurship is a relatively new concept in Estonia and measuring the social impact of enterprises is not yet the norm. It has gained more awareness during recent years and therefore several support instruments have been established. The aim of the paper is to provide a framework for impact analysis of an incubator and analysis of the evaluation of the program for social enterprises according to the designed framework. The incubation program itself was piloted at a higher education institution. The paper addresses the concept of social enterprises, new social venture creation, incubation by a higher education institution and its impact on social enterprises. While the development of enterprises is a common topic, the research on social impact incubators is still scarce. The study is characterised by a descriptive and an exploratory study design. The paper explores the social enterprise incubator through mixed-method two-stage content analysis of the applications and self-analysis reports of the participants of the incubator. In the process of the content analysis, qualitative data analysis is used. Finally, the paper concludes that the incubator was successful as it helped the social enterprises to become sustainable and enhanced their social impact. The limitation of the research is the evaluation design which addresses measuring the successfulness of the incubation immediately after the end of the programme and not in the long-term. The study contributes to the literature on measuring the successfulness of incubation processes and on the practice of incubating new social ventures with social impact.
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Cirule, Iveta, Inga Uvarova, and Ginta Caune. "European Trends in Business Incubation Through open Innovation Approach." European Integration Studies 1, no. 16 (2022): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.16.31635.
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The open innovation (OI) is the actual framework for exploiting external resources and wider networks in doing innovation instead of just operating with in-house resources. Business incubators ensure networking and facilitate OI collaborations both inside the incubator among entrepreneurs and outside with external stakeholders. The purpose of the qualitative study is to identify the European trends in business incubation through OI approach by setting two main tasks – 1) identify business incubation trends and 2) validate these theoretical findings by conducting the empirical study in Latvia business incubators and 3) draw the conclusions for business incubation practitioners in order to improve business incubation from OI perspective. The qualitative research methods applied – 1) literature review on business incubation trends, OI approach in business incubation such as service provision, online and onsite incubation, tenant OI competences and strategies, co-creation and collaboration and 2) the empirical qualitative research in Latvia business incubators by conducting incubator management (13) interviews. The results proved that the main national trends dominant and present in Latvian business incubation are corresponding to the European trends, namely, 1) incubators are serving as OI partners and are recognized by tenants as access providers to external resources ands networks; 2) networking as facilitating activity of the inside-out and outside-in OI strategies; 3) tenants’ OI strategies and motivation as well as variety of OI partners (experts, mentors, clients, companies, researchers, universities) promote the better incubation results in terms of ideas validated, product developed, companies created and innovation implemented. These results are in line with the main findings on European trends from a literature review perspective. This article provides national findings on OI application in business incubation as the empirical novelty for business incubation practitioners, academia, entrepreneurship support policy makers and tenants internationally detecting the crucial role of OI activities applied in business incubation and incubators as OI partners. Business incubation trend analysis through Open innovation approach is a novelty of this research. Key words: open innovation, open innovation strategies, business incubator, business incubation trends, value co-creation Acknowledgement This research was conducted within the project “Open Innovation, No1.1.1.2/VIAA/3/19/426” funded by Postdoctoral Research Support Aid programme of Latvia.
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Herawan, Didit. "DESIGN THINKING APPROACHES IN DEVELOPMENT OF INDONESIA HIGHER EDUCATION STARTUP." JOBS (Jurnal Of Business Studies) 5, no. 2 (2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32497/jobs.v5i2.1711.
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<em>The Design Thinking approach as a method of problem solving and product innovation is well known in business, management and entrepreneurship. However, various design thinking models created by individual researcher and corporations often confuse users about which model to use. This research was conducted with the aim of observing the suitability of five selected design thinking models to support the development of startups in a business incubator. The research applies qualitative descriptive method using a case study of PT. Jiwa Gelora Juara (PT-JGJ) startup development at the Bakrie University’s UBpreneur business incubator. It observes the design thinking process in the pre-incubation, incubation and post incubation stages. The research findings show that each design thinking model has its own strengths and weaknesses in a certain situation, but most of the models are more suitable implemented in the new product/process development phase. To support the startup’s growth stage, other management tools are needed.</em>
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AL-MUBARAKI, HANADI, and HOLGER SCHRÖL. "MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BUSINESS INCUBATORS: A FOUR DIMENSIONS APPROACH FROM A GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL PERSPECTIVE." Journal of Enterprising Culture 19, no. 04 (2011): 435–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495811000842.
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Business incubators are intended to support startup and entrepreneurial businesses by providing a number of services and resources to clients. The effectiveness of the business incubation industry has been debated since the industry gained popularity in the 1990s. But up to now, there exists no commonly agreed model in theory and practice to measure the effectiveness of business incubation in a standardized way. The aim of this paper is to identify and to assess critical dimension of business incubation, which are suitable to measure the effectiveness of business incubation. This research is a multi-method approach combining desk-research, interviews and a multi-case study of five incubator organizations in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member states. From these findings, a model for measuring the effectiveness of business incubation in a standardized way is developed. This model helps incubator manager, policy maker researchers, practitioners, stakeholders and government parties for successful implementation of business incubation initiatives. In addition, it increases new knowledge for academic literature incubators and economic development.
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Gao, Yuchen, and Yimei Hu. "The upgrade to hybrid incubators in China: a case study of Tuspark incubator." Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 8, no. 3 (2017): 331–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-05-2017-0021.
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Purpose This study aims to explore key factors and specific ways for the upgrade to hybrid incubators in the context of China. A hybrid incubator means that a technology-based business incubators (TBIs) can implement various distinct value creation processes with the integration of the advantages of non-for-profit and for-profit TBIs at same time as Chinese government now requires government-sponsored non-for-profit TBIs to be profitable self-sustainability with less dependent on direct public subsidies, aiming to motivate these TBIs to provide higher quality services for their tenant new technology-based firms (NTBFs). Design/methodology/approach This study conducts a single in-depth case-study of Tuspark Incubator (located in Tsinghua Science Park [TSP]) with categorical analysis. Findings Three factors, i.e. incubation subdivision, intermediary platform and proactive approach, are found to be essential for a formerly government-sponsored TBI’s upgrading. Incubation subdivision enables Tuspark Incubator to create multiple incubation processes with incubator characteristic variables of both non-for-profit and for-profit incubators; with the establishment of intermediary platform, Tuspark Incubator provides specialized business support and high-quality networking from relevant specialized service organizations external to the incubator; more proactive approach with equity investment on incubating firms from Tuspark Incubator help to generate social welfare and financial profit at the same time. Practical implications For the incubators’ managers, incubation subdivision enables TBIs to operate for-profit and non-for-profit processes at the same time and provides different specific needs; more open intermediary service platforms can leverage the full potential of the actors in innovation system and help TBIs to save resource when upgrading to hybrid incubators; proactive approaches nurture learning climate and entrepreneurship environment to enhance the successful rate on NTBFs inside incubators and provide main profit source for incubators. For policy makers, using proactive approaches including creating a good milieu for incubation on technology-based start-ups and the design of public guidance funds is increasingly crucial. Originality/value This research is a pioneering study on the key factors and specific ways for the upgrade of government-sponsored non-for-profit TBIs in China to hybrid for-profit and non-for-profit incubators.
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Judijanto, Loso, Nety Kumalasari, Mahmuddin Mahmuddin, and Windy Permata Suyono. "The Effect of Business Incubation, Social Capital, and Financial Support on Startup Performance in Indonesia." West Science Journal Economic and Entrepreneurship 3, no. 01 (2025): 113–24. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsjee.v3i01.1669.
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This study examines the influence of Business Incubation, Social Capital, and Financial Support on Startup Performance in Indonesia. The research uses a quantitative approach with a sample of 182 startup entrepreneurs in Indonesia, employing a Likert scale (1-5) and SEM-PLS 3 for data analysis. The results reveal that all three variables have a significant positive impact on startup performance. Specifically, Business Incubation (β = 0.337), Financial Support (β = 0.817), and Social Capital (β = 0.574) were found to have substantial effects. These findings underscore the importance of incubator programs, financial access, and strong networks in fostering the success of startups. The study provides practical implications for policymakers and entrepreneurs, emphasizing the need for enhanced support structures, including improved access to funding, networking opportunities, and mentorship.
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FONG, Tiffany W. M. "Design incubatees' perspectives and experiences in Hong Kong." Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning 10, no. 3 (2020): 481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-10-2019-0130.
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PurposeThis paper discusses the services and support from one of the government design-based business incubators in Hong Kong. The characteristics of a design business incubator are explained, and a multiple-case study indicates the perspectives of incubatees from different design disciplines after their graduation from the incubation programme.Design/methodology/approachThe research under discussion in this paper was based on eight design incubatees in different design disciplines within two years of incubation period, all of whom had participated in one of the government-funded business incubation programmes for designers in Hong Kong. The programme is unique because there are no other government-based incubation programmes for designers in Hong Kong. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect feedback from incubatees in areas ranging from terms of service to support of the incubation programme.FindingsThe services of training, mentorship and finance were found to be the most important to design start-ups. Financial support and flexible funding allocation were another important issue for design incubatees, but training in these subject areas was not included in the incubation programme. However, it was confirmed that funding provided may have helped a number of the incubatees in developing their start-up businesses as a result of the reduced financial burden and office allocation.Research limitations/implicationsThe research focused on one incubation programme because of the lack of incubation programmes for designers in Hong Kong, therefore future research which compares different types of business incubation programmes is suggested.Practical implicationsThe outcomes of the research not only identified the possible areas of development and improvement of business incubation in entrepreneurship but they will also be useful for the government, universities, institutions, designers, policy makers, entrepreneurs and practitioners. These, in addition to industry stakeholders who want to evaluate their entrepreneurship programmes and develop their plans for potential development in incubation- or entrepreneurial-related programmes or training, especially in the area of design, will find the results useful.
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Zulkarnain, Muhammad Qadafi, Romansyah Sahabuddin, Andi Nurzakiah Amin, and Andi Annisa Sulolipu. "Effectiveness of Government Business Incubators in Stimulating The Growth of UMKM in Makassar City." Economics and Business Journal (ECBIS) 3, no. 2 (2025): 231–42. https://doi.org/10.47353/ecbis.v3i2.187.
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This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Government Business Incubators in encouraging the growth of MSMEs in Makassar City. Using a qualitative approach and case study research design, this study explores the experiences and perceptions of MSME actors and incubator managers regarding the impact of incubation on their business development. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation related to the incubation program run by Makassar Technopark and Makassar City Business Incubator. The results of the study indicate that business incubators have a positive impact on improving managerial skills, wider market access, and strong business networks for MSMEs. However, there are challenges related to the suitability of training materials to the needs of specific sectors, difficulties in accessing capital, and limited time that MSME actors can invest in participating in the incubation program. Lack of ongoing mentoring after the incubation is complete is also one of the obstacles faced by business actors. Therefore, this study recommends adjusting the incubation program to be more relevant to the needs of each MSME sector, as well as increasing post-incubation support to ensure business sustainability.
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Guan, Chenghua, and Shengxue Jin. "Does the Type of Funding Affect Innovation? Evidence from Incubators in China." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (2023): 2548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032548.
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Technology business incubation is vital for the promotion of innovative development and plays an essential role in economic development and social stability. This paper empirically studies the impact of fund types on incubator innovation and its mechanisms using China’s incubator data from 2015 to 2019 and the fixed effect model. It is found that incubation funds, venture capital, and fiscal subsidies can significantly promote incubator innovation, with venture capital having the most substantial boost, followed by incubation funds and fiscal subsidies. Analysis of these mechanisms reveals that the promotion of incubator innovation by different funds relies primarily on R&D expenditure and on the scale of technology services expenditures. Further analysis shows that the effect varies according to the incubator, and that a reduction in the proportion of a comprehensive incubator fund or in the proportion of subsidy for a professional incubator does not contribute to enterprise innovation. This paper provides empirical evidence to support China in its improvement of the financing mechanisms for entrepreneurship and the promotion of sustainable economic and social development.
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Pudianti, Anna, Anita Herawati, and Anna Purwaningsih. "Faktor Kreativitas dalam Pengembangan Model Inkubator Bisnis di Era Digital." BISMA (Bisnis dan Manajemen) 10, no. 2 (2018): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/bisma.v10n2.p145-155.
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A business incubator is a program to encourage the emergence of student’s entrepreneurs in various universities, including Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta. The model applied in generating new entrepreneurs through business incubators at Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta is described in three (3) stages of pre-incubation, incubation, and post-incubation. In the third stage of the incubation process, post incubation, the students have been assessed their readiness before finally tenant plunge as an entrepreneur. In the previous study, the motivation or desire to become an entrepreneur is a major factor to support success in business. However, in the next stage to support business sustainability, especially in the digital era as it is today, the strong capital motivation is not enough. This study aims to examine more deeply the capabilities that must be built to support business sustainability, especially in the digital age with all the technological advances. The qualitative approach is used by using successful tenants as case studies of several types of business, in order to enrich the results of the research. Triangulation and member check processes are applied to generate the results of the research. The resulting model of this study is a refinement of the initial model by emphasizing the sustainability factor of business in the digital era that emphasizes the importance of creative ability and thinking ahead.
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Lala, Kanchan, and Kunal Sinha. "Role of Technology Incubation in India’s Innovation System: A Case of the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Incubation Centre." Millennial Asia 10, no. 1 (2019): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976399619828026.
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The basic objective of innovation which includes the process of new products, processes or new organizational forms is deeply rooted in helping human beings live a comfortable life. Technology business incubation is one such arrangement where the start-ups explore their ideas into visionary dreams under a guided support by the incubator. The study with an objective to map the key components and the roles of various actors and agencies influencing the incubation process employs the case study method using the system of innovation approach to understand the process of incubation in India. The study besides providing an in-depth analysis of the incubation process in India found that the process is still in the developing stage and has escalated significantly over the years.
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Armitage, Howard, Catherine Bischoff, Karin Schmidlin, and Douglas Sparkes. "Jamii: A Virtual Incubation Platform for Entrepreneurs." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 3, no. 2 (2018): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.32.3003.
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This paper discusses the design and pilot testing of a virtual incubation platform, Jamii. It provides a user-centric experience, specifically developed to support entrepreneurship, which integrates concepts such as “just-in-time’ learning and supporting social networks. An underlying concept of Jamii is an Event-Gate process, providing feedback to strengthen the business concepts and assist entrepreneurs in moving their ideas forward. Several pilot programs have been undertaken using this approach. The collaboration with University of Strathmore in Kenya will be discussed further.
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Voisey, Pam, Lynne Gornall, Paul Jones, and Brychan Thomas. "Developing a Model for a ‘Ladder of Incubation’ Linked to Higher and Further Education Institutions in Wales." Industry and Higher Education 19, no. 6 (2005): 445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000005775354437.
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Business incubators play a critical role in economic regeneration through the development and support of new and sustainable enterprises. Many UK incubator projects are funded by the European Commission through the higher education sector. This study compares and contrasts six business incubation case studies and identifies significant criteria for successful operation and ongoing sustainability. A conceptual framework for a ‘ladder’ of business incubation, supporting new businesses through start-up and growth, is proposed as a guide to good practice. The findings clearly identify the need for key partnerships with public-sector and private-sector stakeholders to ensure incubator longevity.
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Dr, Sukhvir Singh. "BUSINESS INCUBATORS FOR START –UP IN INDIA." BUSINESS INCUBATORS FOR START –UP IN INDIA 4, no. 2 (2016): 82–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10811743.
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<strong>ABSTRACT </strong> <strong> </strong>Many government programs contain policy instruments addressing SMEs. New structures and strategies are being explored that will help small enterprises to grow and provide a promising future in the global market. In a number of more competitive economies, business incubation is one of the tools that have helped to create and support new entrepreneurial skills and businesses. The aim of the study is to cover entire research about finding out about the working of an Indian Business Incubator and its programs if any. This study is based on secondary research to study the working of an innovative incubator in India. The study has been analyzed with the help of pie charts, bar graph and smart art. The study concluded that Business Incubators provide a higher level of support to start-ups and new entrepreneurs as compared to the other supports available. Business Incubation, as a process is multidimensional and can have different objectives as regards ideas, community, time and accessibility
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Lalkaka, Rustam, and Pier Abetti. "Business Incubation and Enterprise Support Systems in Restructuring Countries." Creativity and Innovation Management 8, no. 3 (1999): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8691.00137.
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Pallotta, Vincenzo, and David Campisi. "STarmac." Industry and Higher Education 32, no. 4 (2018): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950422218784880.
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In this article, the authors present STarmac, a pre-incubator developed by the Swiss Applied Science University of Canton Vaud (HEIG-VD), which aims to support young founders in the development of innovative business ideas by providing them with the tools to manage market and technology risk. The article describes the STarmac pre-incubator and its components and outlines a process for stimulating and supporting entrepreneurship for university spin-offs. The authors introduce metrics for the assessment of STarmac’s performance, centred on team development, to enable continuous improvement and provide better support to participants. They conducted two studies, one qualitative on the requirements of the participants for pre-incubation and one quantitative on the impact of the supporting programme to develop entrepreneurial skills. While still preliminary, the results from these studies confirm the authors’ hypotheses on the key success factors for effective pre-incubation in the context of university spin-offs.
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Cīrule, Iveta. "BUSINESS INCUBATION SCENE IN THE PANDEMIC THROUGH AN OPEN INNOVATION APPROACH – LATVIA CASE STUDY." SOCIETY. TECHNOLOGY. SOLUTIONS. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (April 8, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35363/via.sts.2022.93.
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INTRODUCTION 
 The concept of Open Innovation (OI) is recognised by researchers and practitioners internationally, but research on business incubation and incubators as OI partners promoting co-creation, collaboration, co-petition is missing the explanation of how OI in a pandemic transforms business incubation. Business incubators (BIs) are defined as a tool “to help small start-ups overcome liabilities of newness and smallness” (Vanderstraeten et al.,2020). The research aims to investigate the actual business incubation situation in Latvia in the pandemic with the focus on the OI approach. What is the business incubation scene in a pandemic? This remains the research question, addressing the hypothesis - the pandemic facilitated changes in national incubation promoting online co-creation, co-petition and collaboration.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS
 The Latvian business incubation scene was the main research field of the postdoctoral research project “Open Innovation”. Descriptive analyses of various incubator types in Latvia were performed, identifying the types of incubators including the University, industry and state-run incubators, incubation services and requirements. The content analyses of the co-occurrence of key services were conducted by mapping the incubation service area. The research period was during the pandemic time of 2021, when several socialisation restrictions came into force in Latvia, thus, shifting incubation online.
 RESULTS 
 The pandemic facilitated changes in the national incubation system, promoting online co-creation, co-petition and collaboration in the business incubation field offering online nature services to tenants. External online expertise, as well as online mentoring support, were the OI outside-in strategy activities offered to tenants.
 DISCUSSION
 The incubation requirements regarding tenants’ recruitment still differ in Latvia, offering the incubation from the idea stage to real time performance, and work in business incubators was on-going even in the pandemic. The nature of services switched to on-line and distance incubation, addressing the basic needs of tenants. The future research could focus on the further elaboration of measurement between the impact of on-site and on-line services on tenants’ performance.
 CONCLUSION
 The description of the national incubation scene during the pandemic is both a theoretical and practical novelty of this research, as this was the first time in the Latvia business incubation field when on-site services were restricted due to the pandemic. This research proved the importance of the business incubation function in entrepreneurship support and the ability of incubators to provide this function on-line.
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Cīrule, Iveta. "BUSINESS INCUBATION SCENE IN THE PANDEMIC THROUGH AN OPEN INNOVATION APPROACH – LATVIA CASE STUDY." SOCIETY. TECHNOLOGY. SOLUTIONS. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (April 8, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35363/via.sts.2022.93.
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INTRODUCTION 
 The concept of Open Innovation (OI) is recognised by researchers and practitioners internationally, but research on business incubation and incubators as OI partners promoting co-creation, collaboration, co-petition is missing the explanation of how OI in a pandemic transforms business incubation. Business incubators (BIs) are defined as a tool “to help small start-ups overcome liabilities of newness and smallness” (Vanderstraeten et al.,2020). The research aims to investigate the actual business incubation situation in Latvia in the pandemic with the focus on the OI approach. What is the business incubation scene in a pandemic? This remains the research question, addressing the hypothesis - the pandemic facilitated changes in national incubation promoting online co-creation, co-petition and collaboration.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS
 The Latvian business incubation scene was the main research field of the postdoctoral research project “Open Innovation”. Descriptive analyses of various incubator types in Latvia were performed, identifying the types of incubators including the University, industry and state-run incubators, incubation services and requirements. The content analyses of the co-occurrence of key services were conducted by mapping the incubation service area. The research period was during the pandemic time of 2021, when several socialisation restrictions came into force in Latvia, thus, shifting incubation online.
 RESULTS 
 The pandemic facilitated changes in the national incubation system, promoting online co-creation, co-petition and collaboration in the business incubation field offering online nature services to tenants. External online expertise, as well as online mentoring support, were the OI outside-in strategy activities offered to tenants.
 DISCUSSION
 The incubation requirements regarding tenants’ recruitment still differ in Latvia, offering the incubation from the idea stage to real time performance, and work in business incubators was on-going even in the pandemic. The nature of services switched to on-line and distance incubation, addressing the basic needs of tenants. The future research could focus on the further elaboration of measurement between the impact of on-site and on-line services on tenants’ performance.
 CONCLUSION
 The description of the national incubation scene during the pandemic is both a theoretical and practical novelty of this research, as this was the first time in the Latvia business incubation field when on-site services were restricted due to the pandemic. This research proved the importance of the business incubation function in entrepreneurship support and the ability of incubators to provide this function on-line.
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BOUARARA, Kenza, and Mohamed HADDAD. "Towards a typological analysis of business incubators in Morocco." African Scientific Journal Vol 3, N° 16 (2023): 248. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7688267.
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<strong>Résumé </strong> Malgré la diversité des acteurs d’accompagnement, une attention particulière est portée sur «les incubateurs d’entreprises». La première génération des incubateurs a évolué aux Etats Unis d’Amérique à la fin des années cinquante, pour se propager ensuite dans les différents pays du monde. Ils sont connus sous différentes appellations et se définissent par rapport aux conditions socio-économiques du contexte dans lequel ils se développent. Ainsi, plusieurs classifications ont été étudiées. Entre classification générationnelle et classification pour objectif, les travaux théoriques dans ce sens semblent avoir une émanation pratique. L’incubation d’entreprise au Maroc est perçue comme une nouvelle pratique d’accompagnement. Depuis l’an 2000, elle commence à jaillir parmi les autres dispositifs de soutien entrepreneurial. Elle est sans doute une « industrie qui se développe ». Cependant, elle peut avoir un caractère qui change de modes selon le contexte et le profil du porteur de projet. A cet effet notre article va essayer d’apprécier la morphologie des incubateurs d’entreprises au Maroc. Dans un premier temps, on aura l’occasion de voir les perceptions théoriques de la classification des incubateurs d’entreprises ce qui va guider notre enquête empirique dans un deuxième lieu. Pour ce faire, on a choisi un schéma exploratoire qui opte pour une démarche qualitative ayant pour outil d’enquête des guides d’entretien. La principale cible soit les incubateurs membres du Réseau Maroc Incubation et Essaimage (RMIE), et puis après les structures d’incubation d’entreprises qui opèrent hors du cadre du RMIE. L’analyse des résultats donnera dans la mesure du possible un regard panoramique sur la pratique de l’incubation au Maroc. Les principaux axes traités sont l’analyse typologique des structures, la description de l’offre d’incubation et l’identification du réseau de l’incubateur. Malgré le caractère jeune de l’incubation d’entreprises au Maroc, la principale conclusion de cet article est la diversité des types de ces structures. <strong>Mots clés : </strong>Incubateurs, classification, entrepreneuriat, accompagnement, exploration <strong>Abstract </strong> Despite the diversity of entrepreneurial support actors, “business incubators” have earned a special attention. The first generation of incubators evolved in the United States of America at the end of the 1950s, to then spread to different countries around the world. They are known by different names, in relation to the socio-economic conditions of the context in which they develop. Thus, several classifications have been studied. Between generational classification and classification for objective, theoretical work in this direction seems to have a practical emanation. Business incubation in Morocco is seen as a new support practice. Since the year 2000, it has started to spring up among the other entrepreneurial support systems. It is undoubtedly a “growing industry”. However, it can changes modes depending on the context and the profile of the project leader. Indeed our article will try to appreciate the morphology of business incubators in Morocco. First, we will have the opportunity to see the theoretical perceptions of the classification of business incubators, which will guide our empirical investigation in a second place. To do this, we chose an exploratory scheme that opts for a qualitative approach using interview guides as a survey tool. The main target is the incubators members of the Morocco Incubation and Spin-off Network (RMIE), and then after the business incubation structures that operates outside the framework of the RMIE. The analysis of the results will provide, as far as possible, a panoramic view of the practice of incubation in Morocco. The main axes covered are the typological analysis of the structures, the description of the incubation offer and the identification of the incubator network. Despite the young nature of business incubation in Morocco, the main conclusion of this article is the diversity of the types of these structures. <strong>Keywords: </strong>Incubators, classification, entrepreneurship, support, exploration
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Faria, Vitor Ikeda de, José Aprígio Carneiro Neto, Jaime Bustos Gómez, and Herlandí de Souza Andrade. "Pre-incubation, incubation and acceleration environments for technology-based companies." OBSERVATÓRIO DE LA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA 23, no. 7 (2025): e10606. https://doi.org/10.55905/oelv23n7-043.
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This article provides a contextualization of the relationship between innovation, entrepreneurship and technology transfer, involving several agents, such as: companies, educational institutions, research institutes and the government. The objective is to identify the main requirements and design a science and technology-based pre-incubation environment at the university level. The methodology, conducted by a multinational team, included a literature review with well-defined selection criteria based on keywords, thematic focus, and the region targeted by the study in the databases of CAPES, Web of Science, SciELO and Scopus, using Mendeley software to manage bibliographic references. The literature review highlighted the importance of incubation environments for universities and early-stage companies (startups), in addition to identifying existing pre-incubators for benchmarking. Using the action research methodology, a Project Script was developed for the implementation of the pre-incubator at a University in Brazil, defining the stages of the pre-incubation process. In addition, this article analyzes how incubators and accelerators support technology transfer between technology-based companies and Scientific, Technological and Innovation Institutions. Finally, the data collected provides information on technology transfer practices and models used for a SWOT analysis of the Brazilian innovation and technology transfer scenario.
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Khandelwal, Neha, Riya Agarwal, and Asha Bhatia. "Role Of Atal Incubation Centers In Promoting Entrepreneurship And Innovation Ecosystem." International Journal of Environmental Sciences 11, no. 9s (2025): 785–809. https://doi.org/10.64252/xar6n922.
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Purpose – Today, in the entrepreneurial environment, Atal Incubation Centres are becoming key facilitators of innovation and start-up growth in India. These centres provide systematic support systems such as mentorship, funding support, infrastructure, and legal consultation. This research will explore the actual and anticipated services offered by AICs and their contribution to facilitating the entrepreneurship and innovation culture of Rajasthan. Design/methodology/approach – The research employed a descriptive and exploratory research design utilizing stratified random sampling in four AICs in Rajasthan. A structured questionnaire was utilized to gather primary data from 176 incubatees. Data analysis was conducted through SPSS and SmartPLS4, using reliability tests, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, regression, ANOVA, and Structural Equation Modeling. Findings – The evidence shows that services such as legal and research support are consistent with the incubatees' expectations, but there are major gaps in areas of mentorship, infrastructure, and funding support. Management and legal services impacted entrepreneurship promotion the most among all the services, followed by infrastructure, technology support, and funding help. SEM model has the ability to explain 74% of the entrepreneurship promotion variance, which confirms the significance of incubation services to ecosystem development. Research limitations/implications – The research is geographically confined to the context of Rajasthan and doesn't control for outside variables such as personal entrepreneurial ability or other support systems. Subsequent research could utilize longitudinal and comparative data over several states to increase the generalizability. Originality/value – The research makes a unique contribution through its empirical investigation of the gap between incubator services promised and delivered and their quantifiable impact on the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The findings offer strategic guidance to policymakers, incubation managers, and stakeholders to maximize incubation models for entrepreneurial sustainable development.
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Khandelwal, Neha, Riya Agarwal, and Asha Bhatia. "Role Of Atal Incubation Centers In Promoting Entrepreneurship And Innovation Ecosystem." International Journal of Environmental Sciences 11, no. 9s (2025): 722–43. https://doi.org/10.64252/ggvny611.
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Purpose – Today, in the entrepreneurial environment, Atal Incubation Centres are becoming key facilitators of innovation and start-up growth in India. These centres provide systematic support systems such as mentorship, funding support, infrastructure, and legal consultation. This research will explore the actual and anticipated services offered by AICs and their contribution to facilitating the entrepreneurship and innovation culture of Rajasthan. Design/methodology/approach – The research employed a descriptive and exploratory research design utilizing stratified random sampling in four AICs in Rajasthan. A structured questionnaire was utilized to gather primary data from 176 incubatees. Data analysis was conducted through SPSS and SmartPLS4, using reliability tests, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, regression, ANOVA, and Structural Equation Modeling. Findings – The evidence shows that services such as legal and research support are consistent with the incubatees' expectations, but there are major gaps in areas of mentorship, infrastructure, and funding support. Management and legal services impacted entrepreneurship promotion the most among all the services, followed by infrastructure, technology support, and funding help. SEM model has the ability to explain 74% of the entrepreneurship promotion variance, which confirms the significance of incubation services to ecosystem development. Research limitations/implications – The research is geographically confined to the context of Rajasthan and doesn't control for outside variables such as personal entrepreneurial ability or other support systems. Subsequent research could utilize longitudinal and comparative data over several states to increase the generalizability. Originality/value – The research makes a unique contribution through its empirical investigation of the gap between incubator services promised and delivered and their quantifiable impact on the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The findings offer strategic guidance to policymakers, incubation managers, and stakeholders to maximize incubation models for entrepreneurial sustainable development.
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Gwinner, Helga, Pablo Capilla-Lasheras, Caren Cooper, and Barbara Helm. "‘Green incubation': avian offspring benefit from aromatic nest herbs through improved parental incubation behaviour." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1880 (2018): 20180376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0376.
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Development of avian embryos requires thermal energy, usually from parents. Parents may, however, trade off catering for embryonic requirements against their own need to forage through intermittent incubation. This dynamically adjusted behaviour can be affected by properties of the nest. Here, we experimentally show a novel mechanism by which parents, through incorporation of aromatic herbs into nests, effectively modify their incubation behaviour to the benefit of their offspring. Our study species, the European starling, includes in its nest aromatic herbs which promote offspring fitness. We provided wild starlings with artificial nests including or excluding the typically selected fresh herbs and found strong support for our prediction of facilitated incubation. Herb effects were not explained by thermal changes of the nests per se , but by modified parental behaviours. Egg temperatures and nest attendance were higher in herb than herbless nests, egg temperatures dropped less frequently below critical thresholds and parents started their active day earlier. These effects were dynamic over time and particularly strong during early incubation. Incubation period was shorter in herb nests, and nestlings were heavier one week after hatching. Aromatic herbs hence influenced incubation in beneficial ways for offspring, possibly through pharmacological effects on incubating parents.
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Edgar, Macalane, Chikafa Bridget, Kamtsokwe Mtemwengi, and G. Glorindal. "Smart incubator for empowering poultry farmers by maximizing egg hatching success." i-manager's Journal on Information Technology 12, no. 4 (2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jit.12.4.20063.
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The poultry industry plays a vital role in ensuring the global food supply, and efficient egg incubation is crucial for successful poultry farming. Traditional egg incubation methods have relied on manual monitoring and control, resulting in suboptimal hatch rates and increased labor requirements. However, the emergence of smart technologies has revolutionized the field of egg incubation, leading to the development of the Smart Egg Incubation System. The Smart Egg Incubation System integrates advanced technology, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML), to optimize the incubation process and enhance hatch rates. The system employs a network of sensors to monitor and collect real-time data on temperature, humidity, egg turning, and ventilation within the incubation environment. This paper also proposes a commercial incubators website that will help to market incubators available for companies and hold their company profiles, where customers will tend to explore what they need pertaining to incubators and egg incubator accessories, helping to meet the needs of local farmers. This will help small enterprises to grow and get affordable incubators and accessories to eliminate the distance in business affairs for both local farms and big farms. An AI chatbot will also be available specifically designed to assist farmers in monitoring and managing chicken incubators effectively. The chatbot aims to provide real-time information and support to farmers, addressing their needs related to purchasing incubators, understanding incubator capacities, hatching periods, and addressing miscellaneous questions. The AI chatbot acts as a reliable virtual assistant, offering farmers guidance on where to purchase suitable incubators tailored to their specific requirements. By analyzing a comprehensive database of reputable suppliers and their offerings, the chatbot offers recommendations based on factors such as incubator size, cost, features, and customer reviews.
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Maryam, Elbahjaoui Abdelaziz Elabjani. "Incubation Process: A Key Innovation Lever for Successful Start-Up Businesses." LC International Journal of STEM (ISSN: 2708-7123) 2, no. 3 (2021): 41–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5751742.
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The purpose of this research is to describe the incubation relationship to establish win-win relations between incubator and entrepreneur, which allows us to get around all the obstacles that prevent us from maintaining a sustained level of innovation. Within an ecosystem of entrepreneurial support, the incubator has a leading role because, he constitutes the bridge between the entrepreneur and the external environment, to create this relationship; he develops cooperative strategies with other incubators so that his support offer has clarity and good legibility for projects leaders. The findings are useful for incubators and entrepreneurs-owners of start-ups in their efforts to enhance the innovation of their firm.
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Cullen, Margaret, André Calitz, and Len Chandler. "Business Incubation in the Eastern Cape." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 2, no. 5 (2014): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol2.iss5.187.
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Business incubation is a concept that describes a business development process that is used to grow successful, sustainable entrepreneurial ventures that will contribute to the health and wealth of local, regional and national economies. Incubators provide a platform for businesses to build their foundations. Incubators are part of a larger value chain that connects businesses to a vital support system, such as local service providers (including lawyers, corporate service providers or accountants) to establish relationships that will last after the business leaves the incubator. This paper investigates whether the performance of the Seda Nelson Mandela Bay ICT Incubator is in line with generally accepted performance standards. These standards are identified as a strategic alliance of the business (vision, mission and strategy), financing principles, management principles and human resource development and growth opportunities. Alignment to these standards was investigated through surveys with members of the board, employees and incubatees. The findings show that the incubator in the case study was aligned to generally accepted performance standards but that there is room for improvement in market alignment, incubate compliance and periods of incubation.
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Govil, Richa, and Annapurna Neti. "Incubating Farmer Producer Companies: The Missing Middle." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 49, no. 4 (2024): 277–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/02560909241302202.
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Thousands of farmer-producer companies (FPCs) have been registered in India due to national and state policies. Given their resource-constrained environments, most FPCs face myriad challenges and are struggling to become viable. While the policies provide for incubation support for FPCs, the level of support has been inconsistent and inadequate. This paper proposes a framework for classifying FPCs and their differing incubation needs and advocates for a stronger incubation ecosystem for FPCs, moving away from a one-size-fits-all approach. It also suggests prioritising incubation support for an oft-overlooked category of FPCs with the potential for generating remunerative returns.
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Pertiwi, Imanda Firmantyas Putri, and Yudha Trishananto. "Student Business Incubation by Academic Programs: An Exploratory Study." Journal of Business and Management Review 5, no. 9 (2024): 884–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47153/jbmr.v5i9.1181.
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Research Aims: This study aims to serve as a preliminary step in developing a business incubation program for the sharia business management department at UIN Salatiga. As the first step, this research will map the potential of tenants, tenant needs, parties that can support tenant business success, opportunities and challenges, and the framework for establishing the sharia business management business incubator. Design/methodology/approach: This research employs a qualitative method, with data collected through interviews with the academic community of the Sharia Business Management Program. In addition to in-depth interviews, this study also conducts Focus Group Discussions (FGD). A saturated sample will be the choice for this research. Based on observations and distribution of participant registration questionnaires, it was found that 47 students registered their businesses for incubation. Research Findings: This research found that comparative studies with business incubators at other universities provide important insights into best practices that can be adopted by the sharia business management Program. A collaborative approach with stakeholders, such as government agencies and partner universities, as well as infrastructure support from internal parties, offers great opportunities for developing an effective business incubator at UIN Salatiga. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: The theoretical contribution of this study lies in the application of the business incubation concept, which has been more commonly used in general universities, and is now adopted and developed in the context of sharia business education. This research provides a specific model of how business incubation can be implemented in an educational environment that focuses on sharia values. Overall, this study offers a new and more detailed model of business incubation in the context of sharia education, which can serve as a reference for developing similar incubators at other universities
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Thillairajan, A., and Ankit Jain. "New and Nascent Enterprises: Analysis of Incubation Support in India." Journal of Private Equity 16, no. 3 (2013): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jpe.2013.16.3.069.
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Dubey, Anjali, and Archana Shrivastava. "Impact of business incubation support on startups performance in India." International Journal of Business and Globalisation 40, no. 2 (2025): 169–86. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbg.2025.146220.
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Shrivastava, Archana, and Anjali Dubey. "Impact of business incubation support on startups performance in India." International Journal of Business and Globalisation 40, no. 2 (2025): 169–86. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbg.2025.10070684.
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Faraz, Nahiyah Jaidi, Setyabudi Indartono, Siswantoyo Siswantoyo, and Jane S. C. Liu. "Strategic Map of University Incubation Center." Jurnal Economia 17, no. 2 (2021): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/economia.v17i2.43845.
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Abstract: This study is aimed to investigate the Strategic Map of the Incubator center. The business incubation process can vary from one incubator to another. This research extends the previous works to improve the solution business incubator problems in Indonesia heading their competitive advantages heading to the global market compared to the Taiwan cases. This study investigates the different types of business incubator strategies for Indonesia and Taiwan cases by using quantitative and qualitative with the primary that had been collected through surveys and observations. The Result shows that Chaoyang Business Incubation Center (CBIC) and Business Incubator LPPM UNY have quite different patterns of their strategies. The Business Support Model Represent CBIC is program demand: Entrepreneur-initiated, whereas LPPM one is program supply: Incubator-initiated. The Business Incubator LPPM UNY is likely to be more active than BCIC. However, CBIC seems to promote entrepreneurs more actively rather than Business Incubator LPPM UNY.Keywords: Strategic Map, Incubation Center, Indonesia, Taiwan Peta Strategis Pusat Inkubasi Universitas Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki peta strategis dari pusat inkubator. Proses inkubasi bisnis dapat bervariasi dari satu inkubator ke inkubator lainnya. Penelitian ini memperluas karya-karya sebelumnya untuk meningkatkan masalah inkubator bisnis solusi di Indonesia yang mengarah keunggulan kompetitif mereka menuju pasar global dibandingkan dengan kasus Taiwan. Penelitian ini menyelidiki berbagai jenis strategi inkubator bisnis untuk kasus Indonesia dan Taiwan dengan menggunakan kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan primer yang telah dikumpulkan melalui survei dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pusat Inkubasi Bisnis Chaoyang (CBIC) dan inkubator bisnis LPPM UNY memiliki pola strategi mereka yang sangat berbeda. Model pendukung bisnis merupakan CBIC adalah permintaan program: wirausaha dimulai, sedangkan LPPM satu adalah pasokan program: inisiasi inkubator. Inkubator bisnis LPPM UNY kemungkinan akan lebih aktif daripada BCIC. Namun, CBIC tampaknya mempromosikan wirausahawan lebih aktif daripada inkubator bisnis LPPM UNY.Kata kunci: Peta Strategis, pusat Inkubator, Indonesia, Taiwan
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Shah Hussain Awan, Dr. Fahad Sultan, and Dr. Arif ud din. "Impact of Critical Factors on Entrepreneurship Development: Evidence from Business Incubation Center of Pakistan." International Journal of Social Science & Entrepreneurship 2, no. 2 (2022): 72–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.58661/ijsse.v2i2.43.
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The purpose of the research is to investigate the effect of the business incubation critical factor on entrepreneurship development in university business incubation centers. The research design used in the study was descriptive. 228 managers of business incubators at Pakistani public and private institutions made up the study's sample. Through a cross-sectional survey, data from incubator managers were gathered using a standardized questionnaire. Smart-PLS 3.3.3 for structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to evaluate the data. The research revealed that infrastructural facilities, management support, training & development, financial support, and networking had a positive significant effect on entrepreneurial development. The study offers a number of theoretical and practical ramifications for academics, government agencies, and business professionals in developing nations who must take into account the essential elements for the growth of entrepreneurship.
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D, Meghashree, and NMK Bhatta. "Institutional Support for Motivating and Incubating Entrepreneurial Ventures: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Development of conceptual Model." Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship 17, no. 3 (2023): 11–20. https://doi.org/10.70906/20231703011020.
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Institutional support for entrepreneurship refers to the various initiatives and resources provided by educational institutions, such as universities, colleges, and business schools, to encourage and foster entrepreneurial activities among their students. This support is crucial for nurturing a culture of innovation, creativity and risk-taking, which is essential for successful entrepreneurs. In this paper, the author systematically surveyed existing literature on Institutional support for Entrepreneurship ventures. This paper study was on entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial university ecosystem, incubation and entrepreneurship education programmes and Incubation support. Select publications analysis outcome was grouped as Mentorship and guidance, Business support service, Incubation support, Networking support and motivation for an entrepreneurial venture. Analysis revealed that there is a significant impact on fostering entrepreneurship among students through solid institutional support.
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Njau, James Mwangi, Anita Wanjugu Wachira, and Lilian Karimi Mwenda. "New Venture Survival Challenges in Kenya: Does Business Incubation Help?" African Multidisciplinary Journal of Research 1, no. 1 (2025): 583–601. https://doi.org/10.71064/spu.amjr.1.1.2025.364.
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Small enterprises face a myriad of challenges that include; lack of access to finance, especially long-term finance, cannot benefit from scale economies, constraints in process and product innovation, difficulties in accessing tangible and intangible resources and limited access to scientific knowledge all of which very much pronounced in new ventures. Therefore, this study sought to explore new venture survival challenges in incubated technology-based new ventures in Kenya. The literature review reveals knowledge gaps in the new venture survival research findings and the empirical evidence on the effect of business incubation on new venture Survival. The study was informed by the Logic Business incubator Model by Hackett and Dilts (2004). Given the research objective, a descriptive research design was appropriate for this study. A total of 9 incubators and 364 incubatees from Nairobi Metropolitan were involved in the study. From the business incubators, stratified random sampling was applied to obtain a sample size of 182 incubatees. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data from the incubatees while an interview schedule collected qualitative data from the incubation managers. The quantitative was analyzed using the SPSS tool; version 25 which generated both descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson’s correlation coefficient indicated the magnitude of the relationship between business incubation and new venture survival, with a positive correlation; r=0.487, p<0.05. Bivariate regression analysis indicated that business incubation had a statistically significant effect on new venture survival, with the beta coefficients; β = 0.607, p<0.05). The qualitative data was analyzed using a qualitative analysis process. The analysis indicated that the majority of the incubator managers averred that high product acceptability and market consolidation had a great influence on new venture survival. Business incubators that support entrepreneurial and small business development were found to produce higher tenant survival rates. Therefore, this study recommends that the business incubator's value proposition should strengthened to address the new venture survival challenges in Kenya. The business incubators need to model business support services that encompass the four elements of business support; business coaching, training, business plan support and provision of subsidies.
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Mavuri, Sudha, Kavita Chavali, and Ajith Kumar Vadakkiveetil. "Role of Incubation Centers in Promoting Sustainable Development in Nigeria." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 12, no. 1 (2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2023-0006.
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Incubation centers play a vital role in the sustainable development of an economy. To promote the entrepreneurial ecosystem and innovation in Nigeria, the government has taken initiatives by establishing incubation centers. The present study explores the role played by incubation centers' in Nigeria and the problems and challenges perceived by incubation centers and incubatees. The purpose of the present study is also to explore suitable strategies which can bring in sustainable development and helps to ensure entrepreneurs a promising future in the state of Kano. Only a few existing studies have worked on the perspective of incubation centers and incubatees. The present study prepares a questionnaire using a Likert scale to collect the responses using a convenience sampling technique. Henry Garrett Ranking Technique is used to find the most alarming challenges and the incubates' expectations from incubation centers' services. The rank-order outcomes of the study have clearly shown that developing a business plan, supporting product design and prototype, access to finances, and providing workforce and skill-based training to incubatees are the priority support services. An incubation center expects to provide these services to its incubatees. Incubatees are not satisfied with incubation centers’ services like conducting workshops/trade fairs, product development activities/laboratory arrangements, taking periodic feedback about incubator services, and the skills of trained staff of the incubation centers. The incubatees perceived that the incubation center in Kano is highly dependent on the quality of the manager for the services provided to incubates. For the effective outcome of incubation centers, training and mentoring should be assessed periodically by an external evaluator using an outcome-based approach. All such efforts will result in the real growth of incubation centers and their role in promoting innovation and entrepreneurship.
 
 Received: 4 November 2022 / Accepted: 26 December 2022 / Published: 5 January 2023
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Khomenko, E. B., and I. V. Matveeva. "EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION AND ANALYTIC SUPPORT FOR SMALL ENTERPRISES IN BUSINESS INCUBATORS OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 30, no. 4 (2020): 520–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2020-30-4-520-527.
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The current stage of development of entrepreneurial activity is associated with the use of information and communication technologies. Informatization of economic activity requires the use of new forms of implementation of infrastructure support for small business. One of the most effective forms of support for small businesses at present is the formation of a network of business incubators. It is business incubation that provides favorable conditions in the early stages of development of a small enterprise and helps to solve urgent socio-economic problems at the regional level. The article reveals the need to improve information and analytic support for small enterprises, implemented by business incubators in the context of informatization of the economy. The main emphasis is on the development of guidelines for assessing the effectiveness of the integration of information and analytic instruments in the process of business incubation of small enterprises. The authors disclose the contents of the key instruments for information and analytical support of small enterprises: consulting, training, project expertise and event monitoring. On the example of the activities of the Autonomous institution of the Udmurt Republic “Republican business incubator”, an interpretation of the results of the implementation of information and analytic support in 2015-2017 is given. Integration scenarios are identified with subsequent recommendations for improving the information and analytic component of infrastructure support for small businesses in the Udmurt Republic. A virtualization plan for the activity of the Republican Business Incubator is proposed, the main result of the implementation of which should be an increase in the number of residents and revenue growth.
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Malenya, Koga M., Silverius C. Komba, and Crispin J. Mbogo. "To Assess the Impact of Business Incubation Models on Nourturing Entrepreneurship among Tanzanian Youth." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science IX, no. XIV (2025): 228–37. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2025.914mg0018.
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Business incubations are critical to youth employment and entrepreneurship, offering a platform for young entrepreneurs to develop and scale their businesses. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of business incubation models in fostering youth entrepreneurship in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Social Capital Theory, the paper employs a mixed-methods approach, gathering data from 90 respondents through structured questionnaires and five in-depth interviews. Quantitative analysis includes mean and standard deviation calculations, while qualitative data are thematically analyzed. The findings reveal that business incubation models in Tanzania generally meet the entrepreneurial needs of youth by offering valuable mentorship, training, and networking opportunities. However, areas for improvement exist, especially regarding program duration, funding accessibility, and the comprehensiveness of support services. While most respondents report positive experiences with business incubation programs, many indicate that adjustments are necessary to improve the long-term impact of these initiatives, especially in terms of resource access and sustainability. The paper suggests that incubators refine their mentorship programs to offer more personalized support, extend program durations and update training content to better match the evolving needs of young entrepreneurs. Additionally, enhancing networking opportunities and facilitating better access to funding would further empower youth to succeed in entrepreneurship.
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Casado, Frank, Julio Siluk, Alvaro Luiz Neuenfeldt Júnior, Lucas De Ataide, and Oscar Daniel Quiroga. "A business performance measurement system for incubated startups." Revista de Administração da UFSM 13, no. 5 (2020): 977–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1983465937817.
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Purpose – The development of a model to measure and assess the performance of start-ups in a standard incubation process, based on 99 critical success factors identified as the most relevant for the context.Design/methodology/approach – A total of three sequential steps were developed to reach the objectives proposed (Problem overview; modeling; and usage). The model was tested on four development stage incubation processes start-ups and three maturity stage incubation processes start-ups, located at the Technological Incubator of Santa Maria (ITSM).Findings – After the modeling phase, compromising results were found for only one developed stage start-up evaluated. Meanwhile, for the maturity stage, all three evaluated start-ups are competitive. To support the strategic decision-making process, the scores obtained were stratified to diagnose which perspective may compromise the performance of each start-up.Originality/value – This research proved to be adaptable to the decision context, thus being amenable to be used in different scenarios. The model presented in this work is composed of a systematic tool suitable to support the continuous improvement and learning processes for incubated start-ups, in specific to measure and assess the performance of start-ups.
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Assenova, Valentina A. "Early-Stage Venture Incubation and Mentoring Promote Learning, Scaling, and Profitability Among Disadvantaged Entrepreneurs." Organization Science 31, no. 6 (2020): 1560–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2020.1367.
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Socially and educationally disadvantaged entrepreneurs often lack the knowledge and prior experience to develop and scale their businesses. Owing to limited educational and employment opportunities, poverty, and discrimination, these entrepreneurs frequently experience low business growth and performance. What factors influence the effectiveness of early-stage venture incubation and mentoring for promoting learning, scaling, and profitability among these entrepreneurs? Two studies in a business incubator serving low-income, underprivileged entrepreneurs in South Africa evaluate this question. Study 1 uses a matched, two-period case-control design to investigate the effects of incubation on business growth by comparing selected and incubated companies to similar also-selected but not incubated ones. The findings show that incubated companies grew 22% more in revenue and 15% more in employment than not incubated companies over the six months between applying to and graduating from the incubator. Study 2 uses instrumental-variable models to evaluate the role that mentoring played in improving business performance by analyzing data from seven cohorts of participants in the incubator randomly assigned to mentors. The findings show that participants assigned to high-ability (versus low-ability) mentors had 3.2% higher revenue and 3.5% higher profits one year after incubation. Further, the benefits of being mentored were more significant for businesses whose entrepreneurs had less pre-entry knowledge and experience, suggesting that mentoring supplemented gaps in human capital. These findings have implications for ways to support disadvantaged entrepreneurs and their businesses through mentoring and early-stage venture incubation.
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Mungila Hillemane, Bala Subrahmanya, Krishna Satyanarayana, and Deepak Chandrashekar. "Technology business incubation for start-up generation." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 25, no. 7 (2019): 1471–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-02-2019-0087.
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Purpose Technology business incubators (TBIs) form an indispensable part of an entrepreneurial ecosystem for the promotion of tech start-ups across the global economy. However, they have evolved in varied forms over a period of time, in terms of typologies, sponsors and stakeholders, goals and objectives, functions and services offered, process of incubation support provided through hard and soft infrastructure, outcomes and achievements and even in terms of theoretical bases. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to review the extant literature on TBIs to arrive at a framework that explains how TBIs contribute to start-up generation. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews extant empirical literature for a systematic evaluation to throw light on the various dimensions of TBIs: typology, goals and objectives, functions and services, process and provision of incubation support, outcomes and achievements. Further, after critically reviewing some of the theoretical propositions, it develops a conceptual framework combining pre-incubation, incubation and post-incubation processes of TBIs. Findings Based on literature understanding and some of the key theoretical constructs, a conceptual framework is developed comprising pre-incubation, incubation and post-incubation stages of start-up formation and graduation. The paper also identifies some prospective areas for future research. Research limitations/implications Any empirical research on technology business incubation must focus on pre-incubation and post-incubation processes as much as on the incubation process, to derive meaningful implications and enhance the productivity of TBIs. Originality/value The conceptual framework derived out of the systematic literature review will enable further research and exploration of micro-aspects of pre-incubation, incubation and post-incubation phases across multiple dimensions.
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Nagashima, Jennifer B., Marcia de Almeida Monteiro Melo Ferraz, Sarah H. Kamen, and Nucharin Songsasen. "Investigating media that support red wolf (Canis rufus) sperm viability and capacitation in vitro." Reproduction and Fertility 1, no. 1 (2020): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/raf-20-0042.
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The red wolf is a critically endangered canid, with ~250 and ~20 individuals in the ex situ and reintroduced wild populations, respectively. Assisted reproductive technologies such as sperm cryopreservation and in vitro fertilization therefore represent critically-needed tools to manage these populations. However, the motility of post-thaw red wolf sperm rapidly declines during in vitro incubation, hindering the ability to develop these technologies. In this study, we evaluated the influence of several culture media (a modified canine capacitation medium (mCCM), a modified North Carolina State University-23 medium (mNCSU-23), a synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF), a fertilization Tyrode’s medium base or Fert-TALP (FERT), and a TRIS-based buffer (TRIS)) on the survival and capacitation of red wolf sperm during extended (18 h) incubation at 38.5°C and 5% CO2. Red wolf sperm motility averaged (±s.e.m.) 73.8 ± 7.1% at the time of collection, and was better maintained over 4 h incubation in mCCM (55.0 ± 9.8%) and mNCSU-23 (54.7 ± 10.4), compared to mSOF (43.8 ± 8.3%), FERT (30 ± 10.5), and TRIS (16.4 ± 4.1%) solutions. Patterns of tyrosine phosphorylation signal, as assessed via immunocytochemistry, indicated induction of capacitation between 2 and 4 h in vitro culture. Tyrosine phosphorylation signal was particularly robust in mCCM and mNCSU-23 incubated sperm, although significant acrosome exocytosis was not observed in response to progesterone supplementation after 3 h incubation in any of the media. In sum, results indicate mCCM and mNCSU-23 are promising base media for the in vitro incubation and capacitation of red wolf sperm, for assisted reproduction applications. Lay summary Development of assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization and artificial insemination is of high importance to the genetic management of critically endangered species such as the red wolf (Canis rufus). However, these technologies require the ability to maintain sperm viability and function during extended incubation, which has not been successful for the red wolf thus far. In this study, various culture media developed for sperm/egg/embryo culture in large mammalian species were evaluated for their ability to maintain red wolf sperm motility under physiological incubation conditions. Media and conditions previously utilized for domestic dog sperm were found to best support sperm incubation and capacitation (process of becoming competent to fertilize an egg) in the red wolf, representing a key step for future development of assisted reproductive technologies for the species.
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Gurgel, Paulo Nogueira do Amaral. "Incubators as a support for organizations that learn." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 3, no. 1 (2007): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v3i1.55.
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Companies incubators stand for an engine for supporting and enabling to projects by enterprisers who want to turn ideas into businesses. This project, which refers to São Paulo State, aims at making evident their importance as a physical, operational, administration and as a technical support infrastructure, necessary to the creation and implantation of lasting and healthy companies, as well as for the overcoming of the high index of companies mortality. The specialized literature review here proposed makes evident that, these days, the focus lays on the creation of incubators and not on the incubator as learning organization, that prepares for the enterprise for a long period of life. The major results indicate that the process of companies incubation is an important part in the solution of problems and also in the success of enterprises, among other reasons, for its characteristic of implanting learning organizations, especially in this era of technological and commercial changes accelerated in all segments of businesses.
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Ghina, Astri, and Ina Sinaryanti. "The Learning Evaluation of Business Incubator's Role in Developing Technology-Based Startups at Technology Business Incubator." Asian Journal of Technology Management (AJTM) 14, no. 1 (2021): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12695/ajtm.2021.14.1.3.
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Abstract. Technology-based startup plays a vital role in improving the Indonesian economy. There are thousands of units of technology-based startups, though most of them are not adequately sustainable. The inadequacy is attributed to the fact that the products or services created are not in line with market needs and do not help understand business processes. Universities play an essential role in developing startups through business incubators to compete in the digital age. There is no conducive learning environment for business incubators in Indonesia, though the national standards are used. This research evaluates the learning process in a Technology Business Incubator in Bandung University using case study methods. Data is collected by performing in-depth interviews with three incubator managers and seven startup founders or tenants who have completed the incubation process. The business industry consists of education, design, printing, and fishery, while thehe interviews cover the process before, during, and after incubation, including the tenant's selection criteria and stages, learning processes in incubators and facilities, after graduation programs, and measurement of the impacts. The results show that the practices fit the ideal conditions, including training-focused and knowledge sharing session programs or skills, knowledge provisions, and expertise improvement programs for tenants, rental system facilities for graduates, and commercialization support. Furthermore, there are opportunities to improve several aspects, including developing tenant admission selection criteria, effective learning approaches, coaching, networking, and broader funding, graduation criteria, monitoring for graduates, and a more comprehensive range of impact measurement. This research helps guide business incubators to prioritize developing aspects of services. Moreover, evaluation using the mixed method is open for further investigation. Keywords: Business incubator, pre-incubation, main incubation, post-incubation, startup, learning evaluation
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GAST, RICHARD K., and PETER S. HOLT. "Incubation of Egg Contents Pools at an Elevated Temperature (42°C) Does Not Improve the Rapid Detection of Salmonella Enteritidis Phage Type 14b." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 8 (2004): 1751–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.8.1751.
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Detecting internal Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) contamination in eggs is essential for protecting public health. Pooling together ≥10 eggs for sampling allows many eggs to be screened for contamination, but such pools must be incubated (usually at 25 to 37°C) to permit small numbers of SE to multiply before further testing. The present study determined whether incubating egg contents pools at an elevated temperature (42°C) could increase the rate of multiplication of a phage type 14b strain of SE sufficiently to support the detection of contamination by a rapid lateral flow immunodiffusion method within a single day. Pools of 10 eggs were contaminated with approximately 10 CFU of SE, supplemented with concentrated broth enrichment medium, and incubated at either 37 or 42°C. Incubation of contaminated egg pools at 42°C resulted in significantly higher SE levels after 6, 8, 10, and 12 h. However, incubation at 42°C could only generate a mean log SE concentration of4.21 CFU/ml within a single working day (8 h), inadequate to support efficient detection by most rapid assays. Detection of SE contamination in egg pools by a rapid lateral flow immunodiffusion test was not achieved at a high frequency until 12 h of incubation at 42°C.
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GAST, RICHARD K., and PETER S. HOLT. "Incubation of Supplemented Egg Contents Pools To Support Rapid Detection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis." Journal of Food Protection 66, no. 4 (2003): 656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.4.656.
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Detecting internal contamination of eggs with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis) is an important aspect of efforts to identify infected laying flocks. When egg contents pools are tested for Salmonella Enteritidis, a preliminary incubation step is often employed to allow small initial populations of contaminants to multiply to more easily detectable numbers. Consistent detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in egg pools by direct plating requires the presence of at least 105 CFU/ml, whereas some very rapid methods can require as many as 107 CFU/ml. The present study determined the rates at which initial inocula of approximately 10 Salmonella Enteritidis cells multiplied in 10-egg pools, some of which were supplemented with concentrated nonselective enrichment broth or with a source of iron. At 37°C, Salmonella Enteritidis concentrationsin supplemented egg pools usually reached 105 CFU/ml within 12 h and 107 CFU/ml by 12 to 15 h of incubation. At 25°C, Salmonella Enteritidis concentrations in supplemented egg pools typically attained 105 CFU/ml by 18 to 27 h and 107 CFU/ml by 27 to 36 h of incubation. At both temperatures, Salmonella Enteritidis multiplication was significantly slower in unsupplemented pools. Accordingly, the length of incubation time necessary for consistent detection of small numbers of Salmonella Enteritidis in egg contents pools depends on the incubation temperature used, on whether the egg pools are supplemented to increase the rate of bacterial multiplication, and on the sensitivity of subsequent tests applied to the incubated pools.