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Journal articles on the topic 'Incubatory'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Pérez, Damián Eduardo, and Ignacio María Soto. "The incubatory chamber of marsupial carditids (Bivalvia: Carditidae: Thecaliinae) as an exaptation." Paleobiology 47, no. 3 (2021): 503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2021.10.

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AbstractMarsupial carditids of the subfamily Thecaliinae are characterized by the presence of an “incubatory chamber” in female shells, where the eggs hatch and develop during their first stages. According to recent phylogenetic studies, Thecaliinae are closely related to Carditinae, a group that has a byssal gape. This structure occurs in the same area as the incubatory chamber, and both structures could be evolutionarily related. Using the newest phylogenetic context for the subfamilies, we test whether the incubatory chamber of Thecaliinae is related to characters present in Carditinae. We also provided a more precise definition of the implied structures. Two distinct morphologies for the incubatory chamber are described: one with an exteriorly opened pouch (present in the genera Powellina and Milneria) and the other with a completely internal funicular infold (present in Thecalia). The byssal gape is present in the Cardiobyssata clade (Carditamerinae + (Carditinae + Thecaliinae)), and we discuss whether the incubatory chamber could be the result of an exaptation event, and the possible evolutionary pathways implied. According to the present evidence, we propose a co-optation of the byssal gape into a new function (brooding of larvae) at some point during the transition from the Carditinae to the Thecaliinae lineages, thus determining an exaptation. Adaptative processes probably modified this structure into the incubatory chamber (an external pouch first, and a funicular infold later). We discuss alternative scenarios and implications on phylogenetic studies and the importance of considering non-adaptative evolutionary scenarios in the study of evolutionary narratives.

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Xu, Kai, Jianming Mo, Qian Qian, Fengying Zhang, Xiaofeng Xie, and Zongfang Zhou. "Associated Credit Risk Contagion with Incubatory Period: A Network-Based Perspective." Complexity 2020 (August 17, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5642730.

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Associated credit risk is a kind of credit risk among the associated credit entities formed by credit-related entities. Focusing on this hot topic of associated credit risk and the relevant contagion and considering the latent entities and their incubatory period, this paper builds an infectious dynamic model to describe the associated credit risk contagion of associated credit entities based on the mean-field theory of complex networks. Firstly, this paper analyzes the stable state of the associated credit risk contagion in the associated entity network, considering the latent entities and their incubatory period. Secondly, from the perspective of complex network and considering the incubatory period, a SHIS model is built to reveal how the incubatory period influences associated credit risk contagion. Finally, the sensitivity of some parameters is analyzed in the Barabási–Albert (BA) scale-free network. The results show the following: (i) the contagion threshold of associated credit risk is related to the incubatory period of latent entities, the recovery rate and infectivity of infected entities, and the newborn rate of credit entities; (ii) the infectious rate of infected entities, the mortality rate of credit entities, and the important factors stated in (i) are all significantly correlated with the density of infected entities.

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Isaeva, A. V., R. O. Klenov, and N. A. Klenova. "INFLUENCE OF DEFICIENCY OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM ON MAINTENANCE OF PEPTIDE CONNECTIONS IN HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES AT THE INCUBATION IN VITRO." Vestnik of Samara University. Natural Science Series 17, no. 8 (2017): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7525-2011-17-8-179-182.

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The maintenance of peptide connections inside red blood cells and in the incubatory environment in the conditions of presence and absence of ions of calcium and magnesium, action of 1,3-dimetilksantin and АТГ is studied. The increase in the maintenance of peptides inside erythrocytes in the conditions of blocking L-calcium of channels and АТГ and reduction of their maintenance in the incubatory environment which is not containing ions of calcium is revealed.

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Toboyev, G. M., V. G. Semenov, and M. A. Kazantseva. "INCUBATORY QUALITIES OF EGGS GEESE OF LINDOVSKY BREED." Scientific Notes Kazan Bauman State Academy of Veterinary Medicine 235, no. 3 (2018): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31588/2413-4201-1883-235-3-164-168.

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Andronova, N. B., J. R. Tcherkassova, S. A. Tsurkan, G. B. Smirnova, and Helena M. Treshalina. "Evaluation of the internalization of AFP-containing noncovalent complexes AIMPILA in the rat model of the isolated segment of rat small intestine." Russian Journal of Oncology 21, no. 6 (2016): 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1028-9984-2016-21-6-308-311.

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Research is devoted to the study of the ability of the labeled complex «AIMPILA-ACRIDIN» and the test compound «AFP-ACRIDIN» in concentration of 1.0 mkg/ml to internalize in a small intestine. For this purpose there was used the modified technique of the isolated inverted small intestinal sac method in rats with the aid of by ourselves delivered technique with the use of a conjugate of the studied complex with luminescent ACRIDIN in the incubatory environment. The nonspecific luminescence of the incubatory environment without label was shown to be extremely low: the level of a luminescence of 30-39 RLU is the minimum basic signal and can t significantly influence on results of testing. The starting level of a luminescence in the incubatory environment after supplementation of conjugates of AIMPILA-ACRIDIN or AFP-ACRIDIN is rather high and accounts of 1073714 RLU and 1602017, respectively. In a gleam of the «inverted» pieces of a small intestine the level of a luminescence accounted of 548 and 997 RLU and 425-829 RLU. The obtained data allow to consider the complex AIMPILA in rather low concentration is capable to absorb in a small intestine of rat over the physiologically adequate time that similar to AFP labeled by ACRIDIN.

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Hendriawan, Ade. "Chicken Egg Incubator Temperature Control Using DC Lights With PID Control." Telekontran : Jurnal Ilmiah Telekomunikasi, Kendali dan Elektronika Terapan 4, no. 2 (2019): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/telekontran.v4i2.1892.

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Abstract - Hatching of chicken eggs or incubators is a tool to petrify the hatching process by using incandescent lamps as a substitute for the hatching process of hens, In the industry Chicken poultry hatchery cultivation is very important in terms of temperature stability especially using artificial incubators. The incubator circulating on the market today only uses the reley system, which works on and off on a very long time to reach the steady state. The purpose of this research is to make chicken egg incubatot using dc lamp and lm35 sensor with Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control. In this experiment we can find out the values of Proportional gain (Kp), Integral Time (Ti), and Derivative Time (Td). Keyword : PID, lm35 sensor, DC light, Chicken Egg Incubator

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Susana, Ernia, and Reynata Maysi Novelita. "Analysis Of Application In Intermediate Check And Maximum Maintenance Expenditure Limit Methods As Performance Monitoring Tools Of Baby Incubator." SANITAS: Jurnal Teknologi dan Seni Kesehatan 11, no. 1 (2020): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36525/sanitas.2020.2.

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Baby incubators make the percentage of babies born safe and the ability to survive from hypothermia in premature babies is higher. Equipment maintenance is needed so that the tool is always ready to use and safe for patients. The instability of the baby incubator's technical performance can occur because of the useful life of equiments. In addition, its can affect the maintenance costs incurred. This study aims to analyze the application of the intermediate check method and the calculation of the MMEL method for baby incubators with the main criteria is the useful life of equipments. The life expectancy of baby incubator is 10 (ten) years. The results showed that the useful life of baby incubator did not reduce the stability of the average temperature and the cost of MMEL. The results of intermediate check measurements on baby incubators A, B and C respectively showed an estimated bias of ± 0.41 ºC, ± 0.36 ºC and ± 0.19 ºC.

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Pershina, S. A., N. G. Zhoukova, L. V. Loukashova, and I. N. Oudintseva. "Characterization of clinical indices of patients with tick-borne borreliosis in acute stage against the background of opisthorchosis invasion." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 7, no. 5-1 (2008): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2008-5-1-286-291.

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Studied clinical aspects of a current of a sharp stage tick-borne borreliosis against opisthorchosis. On the basis of the conducted research an adverse current sharp tick-borne borreliosis, which is characterizing lengthening of the incubatory period, an encephalopathy with proof vegetative infringements and a long asthenic syndrome was established. All it as a whole leads to increase in duration of the period rehabilitations.

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Wang, June, and Yujing Tan. "Social factory as prosaic state space: Redefining labour in China’s mass innovation/mass entrepreneurship campaign." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 52, no. 3 (2019): 510–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x19889633.

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This study examines China’s mass innovation/mass entrepreneurship campaign, with particular attention to the community of maker-entrepreneurs in the new techno-political ordering of society and their social territories. This raises the question of the subject-making of maker-entrepreneurs on a massive scale through what we call the new education–incubatory assemblage. How does the new education–incubatory machine assemble a new participatory community, form a production–communications–consumption circuit to imagine the new economy and re-territorialise the techno-political ordering of society? Our study stresses two differences in the social factory. First, by forging a fragmented pattern of production and an individualised society, mass entrepreneurship emphasises social networking. The exploitation of social relations in production has been brought to the foreground. Second, a participatory mass is not only shaped by the new mentality, but also constitutive of the very formation of the new mentality. Such a mass is a collection of actors, from the government, cooperatives, start-ups and individuals. In addition, their agencies vary, from those with a more reified form of power, such as policy, to the mundane, unrehearsed actions of individuals. This process entails the reconfiguration of political apparatus and bio-political power.

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Shepard, Jeffrey. "Incubation Process Case Study." Management and Organizational Studies 5, no. 3 (2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/mos.v5n3p43.

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The purpose of this case study is to create a profile of business incubators by exploring various aspects concerned with their operations. While tracing the history, development and current practices of business incubators, the aspects explored include the identification of: the nature of clients served, incubator mission, incubator staffing/personnel, incubator management, incubator resources, and incubator facilities/technology. The main motivation behind this case study is to compile an exhaustive profile of business incubators into one paper.This case study mainly utilized secondary research. By using questionnaires, a survey conducted among managers of selected business incubators in the United States was done. The exploratory nature of this study prompted the use of open ended questions.Findings concerning incubator mission are that current incubators mainly provide professional services of increased complexity as opposed to earlier incubators. Regarding personnel, modern incubators have formal organization structures characterized by the aspect of co-learning. While earlier incubators primarily offered cheap rental space, modern incubators share resources via a complex network of virtual connectivity. On technology, sophisticated technological communication interfaces such as the internet are vital, previous incubators relied on outdated technology. Concerning management, modern incubators require highly adaptive managers capable of addressing specific needs due to the constantly changing business environment. Other findings include the fact that clients are predominantly small business owners and students. Further, managers mainly provide direct services to clients such as mentoring, coaching, and training.

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Munadi, Munadi, R. Andhika Pandu, Rizky Wiradinata, Hari Peni Julianti, and Rudy Setiawan. "Model and prototype of mobile incubator using PID controller based on Arduino Uno." Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer 8, no. 1 (2020): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.8.1.2020.69-77.

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One of the causes of the high infant mortality rate in Indonesia is the lack of health support facilities in remote areas, including incubators, to keep the baby's body warm at a specific temperature. This research develops a model and prototype of a mobile incubator to carry and maintain the baby's temperature during emergencies to get further treatment to hospitals that have better facilities than incomplete health clinic facilities. The mobile incubator prototype uses a PID controller system with the optimum gain value Kp 1.501, Ki 0.016, and Kd -1,319 from the results of modeling and tuning in Matlab. The results of the bode plot analysis show that system stability was achieved with a gain margin of 109 dB. The incubator's operational mobility can last up to 59.6 minutes with two 12 V, 5 Ah batteries.

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Musa, U., E. S. Haruna, M. A. Qadeer, J. A. Edache, A. O. Ogbe, and P. D. Karsin. "Effects of storage period on the hatchability performance of Japanese Quail Eggs." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 34, no. 2 (2021): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v34i2.1197.

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Study on the effects of storage period on the hatchability of Japanese quail (coturnix coturnix iaponica) eggs was conducted at National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) Hatchery Unit Vom. Three hundred and sixty (360) fertile quail eggs of normal weight (8-10g) from 4-month-old flock were divided into four groups (A, B, C, D). The first group (A) of ninety eggs were set immediately after collection (less than 24 hours), while groups B, C and D (90 eggs each) 7, 14 and 21 days respectively before incubation. Automatic cabinet electric incubator (WesternR) was used in incubating the eggs for 16-17 days at temperature of 99.7oF and relative humidity (RH) of 65%. All normal incubatory practices were observed. Average daily meteorological data was taken during the period of storage. Results showed that eggs incubated immediately after collection (group A) had the highest hatchability of 62% followed by 23% in those eggs incubated after 7 days of storage (group B). Eggs incubated after 14 and 21 days of storage (group C and D) had zero hatchability. Significant differences(P<0.001) exist between group D (21 days) and group C(14 days) with 23.3% and 11.1% respectively, while the least (6.7%) were in those eggs in group A. It was concluded that as in chicken eggs; Japanese quail eggs should not be stored for long periods.

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Kinya, Miriti Jane, Kenneth L. Wanjau, and Humphrey R. Omondi. "Client Selection Criteria and Performance of Incubator Centers in Kenya." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) 7, no. 1 (2018): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v7i1.857.

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Business incubators are regarded as entrepreneurial hubs, unleashing entrepreneur’s ideas and businesses into the market, in turn, jobs are created and the economy of the area is improved. Due to the stiff competition for placement into an incubator program it is imperative for incubator management come-up with strategies of being more efficient and effective in utilizing resources to achieve superior performance. Hence the need to critically select clients, whose ideas fit the incubator’s mission and upon graduation create high growth businesses, with a higher survival rate of 90%. The study is anchored on Resource Based Theory. The study used a correlation design that focused on causal relationship of client selection criteria and incubator centre performance (ICP). The study population was 41 incubator managers in Kenya. After missing data analysis two respondents were expunged leaving 39 respondents. Secondary data was obtained from published sources such as company reports, manuals and research done by other scholars. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach was used to analyze the measurement model and test the hypothesized relationship in this study. Simple linear regression model was used to measure the strength of the relationship between client selection criteria and performance incubator centre in Kenya. The results of the combined effect model indicated that client selection criteria had a significant relationship with performance of incubator centres.

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Mansano, Fernanda Helen, and Marcelo Farid Pereira. "Business incubators as support mechanisms for the economic development: Case of Maringá's Technology Incubator." International Journal of Innovation 4, no. 1 (2016): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/iji.v4i1.51.

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Grandi, Alessandro, and Rosa Grimaldi. "Evolution of Incubation Models." Industry and Higher Education 18, no. 1 (2004): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000004773040933.

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This paper addresses the role of incubators in supporting new venture creation. A mapping of four different types of incubator is proposed: corporate private incubators (CPIs), independent private incubators (IPIs), business innovation centres (BICs) and university business incubators (UBIs). This mapping is exemplified through case studies of one incubator for each of the four categories. The authors argue that one interpretative key to explain the dynamics of the incubation industry is the evolution of company requirements and consequently of the services offered by incubators. In this context, two different incubating models are described which provide incubators with useful indications as to how they should position themselves strategically.

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Kuryan, Nadzeya, Mohammad Saud Khan, and Veronika Gustafsson. "Born globals and business incubators: a case analysis." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 26, no. 3 (2018): 490–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-07-2017-1197.

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PurposeThis paper aims to analyze born globals and business incubators from an empirical standpoint. Particularly, the role of business incubators in the emergence and development of born global firms is focused, thereby outlining the significance of incubator influence on rapid internationalization.Design/methodology/approachBased on extant literature on born globals, business incubators and their interrelationship that nurtures internationalization, a theoretical model is developed and empirically tested to analyze potential born globals residing in business incubators.FindingsDue to services provided, such as infrastructure, business support and networking, business incubators create a favorable environment for rapid internationalization of their tenants. However, the initiative to go international comes from the incubatees, and the motivating role of business incubators in this process is fairly insignificant.Originality/valueThe incubator-incubation phenomenon is notably under-researched, with most of the literature focusing on “incubator topics.” This relationship is extremely important to understand to choose appropriate political measures and orchestrate effective management of business incubators.

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Kashchenko, Mikhail P., and Vera G. Chashchina. "Fundamental Achievements of the Dynamic Theory of Reconstructive Martensitic Transformations." Materials Science Forum 738-739 (January 2013): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.738-739.3.

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Basic directions in the theory of martensitic transformations are briefly listed. Solutions of several important problems in the context of dynamic theory of reconstructive martensitic transformations are reviewed. The FCC-BCC (BCT) transformation in iron alloys is used as an example. Main attention is paid to concept links. In particular, the key role of the concept of initial exited state for realization of transformations with crystal growth at supersonic speed is shown. The leading value of this concept both for calculation of critical rates of austenite cooling and for estimation of scales of incubatory times at bainitic transformation is marked as well.

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Erie, Matthew S. "Indo-Pacific Legal Infrastructure: A China Perspective." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 113 (2019): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2019.194.

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The Indo-Pacific, given its economic and geopolitical significance as exemplified by the growing multilateralism in the region, is an incubatory space for innovative legal infrastructure. Against the backdrop of growing tension between the United States and China in the region, I emphasize China's expanding footprint through the “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) and its capacity to shape institutions, practices, and norms of international economic law. I begin by providing context and then suggest six ways in which the BRI may offer a novel approach to international economic law, with particular salience for the Indo-Pacific region.

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BRUNETTI, R., and F. MASTROTOTARO. "Botrylloides pizoni, a new species of Botryllinae (Ascidiacea) from the Mediterranean Sea R." Zootaxa 3258, no. 1 (2012): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3258.1.2.

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A new ascidian species belonging to the Botryllinae was discovered in the Gulf of Taranto (South Italy). This new species wascollected in different seasons over a period of several years, which allowed information about its biology to be obtained. Thenew species presents large zooids arranged in ladder systems. The zooids have several rows of stigmata, the second one com-plete, ovary posterior to testis, one larva per side developing in an incubatory pouch, and a peculiar arrangement of the gut loop. The new species is named Botrylloides pizoni after the great French zoologist Antoine Pizon (1860–1942).

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Gao, Yuchen, and Yimei Hu. "The upgrade to hybrid incubators in China: a case study of Tuspark incubator." Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 8, no. 3 (2017): 331–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-05-2017-0021.

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Purpose This study aims to explore key factors and specific ways for the upgrade to hybrid incubators in the context of China. A hybrid incubator means that a technology-based business incubators (TBIs) can implement various distinct value creation processes with the integration of the advantages of non-for-profit and for-profit TBIs at same time as Chinese government now requires government-sponsored non-for-profit TBIs to be profitable self-sustainability with less dependent on direct public subsidies, aiming to motivate these TBIs to provide higher quality services for their tenant new technology-based firms (NTBFs). Design/methodology/approach This study conducts a single in-depth case-study of Tuspark Incubator (located in Tsinghua Science Park [TSP]) with categorical analysis. Findings Three factors, i.e. incubation subdivision, intermediary platform and proactive approach, are found to be essential for a formerly government-sponsored TBI’s upgrading. Incubation subdivision enables Tuspark Incubator to create multiple incubation processes with incubator characteristic variables of both non-for-profit and for-profit incubators; with the establishment of intermediary platform, Tuspark Incubator provides specialized business support and high-quality networking from relevant specialized service organizations external to the incubator; more proactive approach with equity investment on incubating firms from Tuspark Incubator help to generate social welfare and financial profit at the same time. Practical implications For the incubators’ managers, incubation subdivision enables TBIs to operate for-profit and non-for-profit processes at the same time and provides different specific needs; more open intermediary service platforms can leverage the full potential of the actors in innovation system and help TBIs to save resource when upgrading to hybrid incubators; proactive approaches nurture learning climate and entrepreneurship environment to enhance the successful rate on NTBFs inside incubators and provide main profit source for incubators. For policy makers, using proactive approaches including creating a good milieu for incubation on technology-based start-ups and the design of public guidance funds is increasingly crucial. Originality/value This research is a pioneering study on the key factors and specific ways for the upgrade of government-sponsored non-for-profit TBIs in China to hybrid for-profit and non-for-profit incubators.

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Makinistian, L., and I. Belyaev. "Magnetic field inhomogeneities due to CO 2 incubator shelves: a source of experimental confounding and variability?" Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 2 (2018): 172095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172095.

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A thorough assessment of the static magnetic field (SMF) inside a CO 2 incubator allowed us to identify non-negligible inhomogeneities close to the floor, ceiling, walls and the door. Given that incubator's shelves are made of a non-magnetic stainless steel alloy, we did not expect any important effect of them on the SMF. Surprisingly, we did find relatively strong distortion of the SMF due to shelves. Indeed, our high-resolution maps of the SMF revealed that distortion is such that field intensities differing by a factor of up to 36 were measured on the surface of the shelf at locations only few millimetres apart from each other. Furthermore, the most intense of these fields was around five times greater than the ones found inside the incubator (without the metallic shelves in), while the lowest one was around 10 times lower, reaching the so-called hypomagnetic field range. Our findings, together with a survey of the literature on biological effects of hypomagnetic fields, soundly support the idea that SMF inhomogeneities inside incubators, especially due to shelves' holes, are a potential source of confounding and variability in experiments with cell cultures kept in an incubator.

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Sahu, Priyanka. "Screening of Phylloplane Fungal Flora of Some Medicinal Plants in Durg- Bhilai Region of Chhattisgarh State." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (2021): 2204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36853.

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The leaf surface fungal flora is subjected not only to the influence of the host, but also to its own factors. An important aspect is the production of self incubatory products as well as self stimulating products by the fungal organisms present on the leaf surface. Amongst microorganisms fungi can be a sole cause of spoilage and substantially decrease the quality, grade and price of plant materials. In the present studies leaves were found mainly infected with Aspergillus niger, A. favus , Curvularia lunata, Chaetomium globosom, Penicillum citrinum and Fusarium oxysporum as these six were found on the leaves throughout the study and their incidence degree were quite high.

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Monniot, Claude, and Anne B. Klitgaard. "A new incubatory mode in an ascidian: Redescription of Molgula mira (Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde, 1931)." Ophelia 40, no. 2 (1994): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1994.10430582.

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Hibah, Hana`a, and Wail Alhakimi. "The Role of Business Incubators in The Development of Entrepreneurship in Yemen." Journal of Impact 2, no. 2 (2021): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.48110/joi.v2i2.34.

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This research aims to identify the role of business incubators in developing entrepreneurship and creating new commercial enterprises. The research focuses on the pre-incubation stage, which is the critical stage in shaping the intention of entrepreneurs. It also focuses on factors such as incubator's performance, desirability self-efficacy, facilitation, feasibility, and perceived risk) that affect the success of entrepreneurship projects. The data was collected in the form of two types of questionnaires, a questionnaire for entrepreneurs who are within the incubation program, and a questionnaire for business incubators. The questionnaires were distributed on paper with a cover letter explaining the nature and purpose of the questionnaire. The data was analyzed and checked for reliability, and descriptive statistics were generated based on the data. The results showed that there are no standards to measure and monitor the performance of incubators, and there is no correlation between incubators and other official agencies. The results also revealed that the factors affecting entrepreneurs are closely related to the incubators’ performance levels because they affect the success or failure of the incubated projects. The majority of incubates indicated that funding is the main obstacle in their work in addition to the lack of multiple skills. Another finding of this study was that the entrepreneurs who joined the incubator program were inspired by the growth potential and lack of entrepreneurial skills. The current study provides an insight into the role of business incubators in developing entrepreneurship in Yemen. Recommendations are presented in this study for entrepreneurs incubated in the study environment in order to improve their current level, as well as for incubators to develop the level of services within the standards set by specialists and to provide an appropriate environment. Recommendations are also presented for the competent authorities and the foundation that support the incubators in order to organize the incubation process and-set standards.

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Machado, Andreia de Bem, Araci Hack Catapan, and Maria José Sousa. "Management Models for Business Incubators." International Journal of Technology Diffusion 11, no. 2 (2020): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtd.2020040103.

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The primary goal of this research is to do a systematic review about management models for business incubators. Management models are grounded in three basic pillars: people, processes, and technologies. In this scenario, the business incubator management model is fundamental because it is important for business incubators to meet the demands of new entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship. Therefore, the objective of this research is to map the light of the systematic review of business incubator management models on the world stage. To do so, the methodology used was the integrative review of the literature using the Scopus database and regulations, international and national documents. As a result, one of the problems found in these models was that most business incubator management models describe a business incubator as a transformation mechanism, but do not spell out details about the incubation process or models and best practices for business incubators. management for the continuous improvement of incubated enterprises.

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Macchi, Marika, Ugo Rizzo, and Laura Ramaciotti. "From services dealers to innovation brokers." Journal of Intellectual Capital 15, no. 4 (2014): 554–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-06-2014-0078.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the strategies business incubators (BI) adopt in respect to the creation of incubatee intellectual capital, and it focuses in particular on links between BI structural capital and the creation of incubatee relational capital (RC). By crossing IC literature with the open innovation paradigm the authors consider the incubator as an innovation intermediary and the authors investigate how different incubator strategies of knowledge exchange take place within and across incubator boundaries. The main issues the authors seek to explore regard the mechanisms by which incubators shape the exchange of knowledge within and across their boundaries and the rationale underlying such an approach. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is based on a multiple case study research involving five Italian incubators. Primary and secondary data were gathered through interviews with each incubator managing director and with relevant actors. Findings – The analysis allows us to propose a theoretical framework and to highlight how different structural capital shape heterogeneous processes by which incubatees build their RC. The authors find that important differences in RC formation are present both at an exchange of knowledge level within the incubator, and across incubator boundaries. Research limitations/implications – The main limitations of this study regard the generalizability of results. This is mostly an exploratory work and further research based on quantitative rather than qualitative analysis, would provide stronger evidence in order to validate the results with respect to the population of incubators and consequently lead to more precise policy implications. Originality/value – The analysis points to the importance of recognizing different BI approaches regarding the mechanisms by which incubatees develop their RC, and allows us to gain a knowledge-based conceptualization of incubators. This definition moves beyond the more diffuse classification based on public vs private and sectoral specificities, and introduces some new insights for further research.

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TODOROVIC, ZELIMIR WILLIAM, and NICHAYA SUNTORNPITHUG. "THE MULTI-DIMENSIONAL NATURE OF UNIVERSITY INCUBATORS: CAPABILITY/RESOURCE EMPHASIS PHASES." Journal of Enterprising Culture 16, no. 04 (2008): 385–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021849580800020x.

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Recognizing the potential of institutional entrepreneurship, public universities are actively establishing university incubators. Literature on university entrepreneurship, university incubators, and entrepreneurship education allows us to develop a conceptual framework, identifying the multi-dimensional nature of incubator tenant firm development. Building on the precepts of resource based view theory, this paper posits the existence of dynamic element of incubator activity and relates it to the dynamic element of entrepreneurship education. Further, the role of entrepreneurship education and a community network are presented as instrumental in enabling effective collaborations. This framework contributes to the literature by highlighting the need for a multi-dimensional approach in research of incubator tenant firms. The framework also suggests effective university involvement with incubator tenant firms, as a potential university capability.

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Chakrabarty, Subrata. "How HR managers of incubators can be more effective: consider the relationships among entrepreneurs." Strategic HR Review 19, no. 6 (2020): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/shr-07-2020-0069.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain how human resource (HR) managers of incubators can be more effective by applying Relationship focused theory, wherein the HR managers consider the forms of relationships among entrepreneurs. For helping create successful startups, HR managers of incubators can analyze and govern the practice of entrepreneurial action using a relationship-focused (rather than an individual-focused) approach. Design/methodology/approach A fourfold typology of relationships is used to explain the utility of relationships for practicing entrepreneurial work in an incubator. HR managers of incubators should consider the forms of relationships among the entrepreneurs that they oversee within incubators. Findings Social and task antecedents determine the ideal relationship between budding entrepreneurs, and incubator climate restrains the link between relationships and entrepreneurial outcomes. Originality/value Relationship-focused theory is used to explain the manner in which entrepreneurial action can be organized among budding entrepreneurs within incubators. The focus stays on the ‘relationship’ between budding entrepreneurs housed within incubators.

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Öberg, Christina, Markus Klinton, and Helen Stockhult. "Inside the incubator – business relationship creations among incubated firms." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 35, no. 11 (2020): 1767–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-12-2018-0391.

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Purpose Incubators, as providers of advice and resources, suggest fostering the development of early-idea firms. Literature and practice seem to suggest an ever-increasing amount of incubator support. The creation of business relationships is at the heart of any business development, and this paper addresses whether a laissez-faire incubator fosters the creation of business relationships. The purpose of this paper is to explore the creation of business relationships among incubated firms during and after their time in the incubator along with the roles that these relationships play for the incubated firms. Design/methodology/approach Empirically, the paper is based on retrospective interviews with representatives of all incubated firms in a university incubator. A total of fifteen interviews were conducted with representatives of the incubated firms, the incubator and its owners, complemented by secondary data sources. Findings The paper points out three antecedents for business relationship creation: the lack of experience and connections; convenience; and trust based on the interactions with others in the incubator. These antecedents are connected to the roles of transforming businesses and of adaptation in the dyadic relationships. The laissez-faire incubator helped through the learning-by-doing among the incubated firms, which made them focus on business relationship creation from early on. Originality/value Most incubator research portrays the unilateral transfer of knowledge from the incubator to the incubated firm, with the latter being a service taker rather than a co-producer. The paper adds knowledge about business relationships among firms in incubators and the roles that these business relationships could play for the firms. The focus on an incubator providing limited support is of high practical relevance, given the trend of incubators facilitating more and more services.

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Nikishov, A. A., and Rania Ahmed Hassan Ahmed. "Incubatory qualities of white shell eggs of hens with the different ratio of weight and volume." RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries, no. 1 (2014): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2014-1-59-63.

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Schwartz, James R., James P. Henry, Kathy M. Kerr, Michael J. Flagler, Steve H. Page, and Nancy Redman-Furey. "Incubatory environment of the scalp impacts pre-emergent hair to affect post-emergent hair cuticle integrity." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 17, no. 1 (2017): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12355.

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GASSMANN, OLIVER, and BARBARA BECKER. "TOWARDS A RESOURCE-BASED VIEW OF CORPORATE INCUBATORS." International Journal of Innovation Management 10, no. 01 (2006): 19–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919606001387.

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Corporate incubators for technology development are a recent phenomenon whose functioning and implications are not yet well understood. The resource-based view can offer an explanatory model on how corporate incubators function as specialised corporate units that hatch new businesses. While tangible resources, such as the financial, physical and even explicit knowledge flow, are all visible, and therefore easy to measure, intangible resources such as tacit knowledge and branding flow are harder to detect and localise. Managing the resource flow requires the initial allocation of resources to the corporate incubator during its set-up as well as a continuous resource flow to the technology venture and, during the harvest phase, also from it. Two levels of analysis need to be distinguished: (1) the resource flow between the corporate incubator and the technology venture and (2) the resource flow interface between the corporate incubator and the technology venture. Our empirical findings are based on two phases: First, in-depth case studies of 22 companies through 47 semi-structured interviews that were conducted with managers of large technology-intensive corporations' corporate incubators in Europe and the U.S., and second, an analysis of the European Commission's benchmarking survey of 77 incubators.

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Doga-Mîrzac, Mariana. "Methodological Aspects Oriented to Structure the University Incubators." Accounting and Finance, no. 2(92) (2021): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2021-2(92)-124-129.

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Business incubators that are hosted by universities provide researchers and students from first cycle (undergraduate), second cycle (master), and third cycle (PhD) with ample opportunities for self-realization. However, these incubators primarily offer support in advising and developing new projects, such as creating competencies in research and applying new technologies, but they do not fully provide the entrepreneurial culture and leadership skills necessary for young entrepreneurs to turn ideas into reality. In this regard, it is very important to elaborate and create the structure of internal and external processes of the incubator right from the beginning. It is necessary to substantiate in detail the allocation of each element and determine the stakeholders and the type of activity, that form the model for structure and functionality of a business incubator hosted by a university. The purpose of the article is to reveal the methodological aspects oriented towards the formation of the structure and functioning of business incubators located in the academic environment which would allow the organization of internal and external processes for researchers and students of different cycles. It was found that the business incubator located within the University environment is a link within a complex system whose success depends on external factors, such as the macroeconomic situation, legal system in which the incubator carries out its activity and entrepreneurial culture, but also on internal factors, such as: technical-scientific, the abilities of the academic (university) staff, team activity, access to financial sources and programs, etc. The methodology of structuring university business incubators and their internal processes is an important factor in their development, as it provides an opportunity to evaluate and monitor the activities of these incubators.

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KRUFT, TOBIAS, MICHAEL GAMBER, and ALEXANDER KOCK. "SUBSTITUTES OR COMPLEMENTS? THE ROLE OF CORPORATE INCUBATOR SUPPORT AND INNOVATION CLIMATE FOR INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOR IN THE HOSTING FIRM." International Journal of Innovation Management 22, no. 05 (2018): 1840006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919618400066.

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Incubation of organisations by corporate incubators is currently regaining attention as a key way to foster innovation. However, understanding of how corporate incubators affect employee’s innovative behaviour in the host company is still limited. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the relationship between corporate incubator influence and innovative work behaviour and how this is moderated by innovation climate. Using a multi-level regression with 1,202 participants nested in 100 organisational units of a large, international company, the study shows that corporate incubators and innovation climate significantly affect innovative work behaviour. Further, we found that shared and individual perceptions of innovation climate moderate incubator influence differently. In order to improve innovative work behaviour, corporate incubators can compensate a weak innovation climate while strengthening the impact of individual perceptions of innovation climate on innovative behaviour, which introduces new ways of how companies are able to improve their innovativeness.

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Li, Jun. "Overseas Technology Incubators for International Entrepreneurship." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 10, no. 3 (2009): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000009789067851.

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This paper examines a Chinese institutional innovation with respect to the use of overseas technology incubators in support of international entrepreneurship. It presents an overview of China's overseas technology incubator initiative in terms of its strategic considerations, aims and objectives, the structure of incentives and the characteristics of the seven such incubators in operation. The author also proposes a bridging network incubator model as a means of establishing the principles for evaluation of the efficiency and effectiveness of the initiative. Qualitative data were used for a tentative exploration of certain aspects of the initiative.

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Aşcigil, Semra F., Nace R. Magner, and Elif Karabulut Temel. "Trust as a Determinant of Entrepreneurs' Preference to Remain Tenants in Turkish Business Incubators." Psychological Reports 109, no. 1 (2011): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/01.07.17.21.pr0.109.4.169-173.

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Relations of two types of trust by entrepreneurs with the entrepreneurs' preference to remain an incubator tenant were examined using questionnaire data from 67 owners of companies in 6 Turkish incubators. As hypothesized, trust in incubator management had a positive and unique relation with preference to remain an incubator tenant. However, trust in other incubator tenants did not show the hypothesized positive and unique relation with preference to remain a tenant; the results indicated the relation is negative.

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Mubarak AL-Mubaraki, Hanadi, and Michael Busler. "Incubator successes." World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 11, no. 1 (2014): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-08-2013-0030.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, discuss and analyse the successful adoption of incubators worldwide; and second, the lessons learned from successful incubators towards the twenty-first century. Design/methodology/approach – The research methodologies adopted in this study are a mixed-methods approach: quantitative (survey) and qualitative (five international case studies). Findings – Incubators contribute to the international economy and play a vital role not only in the economic recovery but also in smart growth and economic development. These findings will assist incubator managers, policy makers and government parties in successful implementation of incubator policies. Research limitations/implications – This research focuses on specific lessons. More in-depth research may find additional positive traits. Practical implications – This research will be of benefit to countries establishing business incubators in order to avoid mistakes and increase the likelihood of success. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the current literate on the best practices worldwide. Furthermore, it presents future perspectives for academicians and practitioners.

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Yakovlev, A. F., G. N. Vyaizenen, G. P. Kosyakova, D. I. Shkurko, and S. N. Proshin. "The effect of short-term pulse laser irradiation of incubatory eggs on genome destabilization in broiler chickens." Russian Agricultural Sciences 33, no. 1 (2007): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068367407010156.

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Cranfield, H. J., and K. P. Michael. "Larvae of the incubatory oysterTiostrea chilensis(Bivalvia: Ostreidae) in the plankton of central and southern New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 23, no. 1 (1989): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1989.9516340.

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Li, Shaoying, Zhongquan Qu, and Zhiming Song. "A Multifunctional Combination Incubator." Energies 13, no. 24 (2020): 6622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246622.

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Energy, precision, and multi-functionality have become primary considerations in incubators. For example, if a part of an apparatus must be insulated, while other parts do not, then the specific part can be placed in the multi-functional incubator proposed in this paper to avoid wasting energy. The proposed incubator is composed of various parts including a platform, which is provided for debugging parts to meet the working accuracy of parts. The light windows are adjustable in height to accommodate different heights of light. The incubator is black to prevent stray light in optical experiments. This design can not only insulate but also debug optical or non-optical parts according working accuracy of parts. In this paper, an example incubator is used for an optical experiment was given and the incubator was optimized several times. The temperature fluctuations of the box of the third optimized incubator reached 0.045∘C. To reduce the temperature fluctuations, the relationship between the ambient and target temperature as well as the temperature fluctuations of the box were analyzed, and a formula was proposed. A further experiment provided evidence for this relationship. Based on the formula, the SLITA (small optimized incubator placed in large optimized incubator with the same target temperature) method for improving insulation accuracy was further proposed, and an incubator was designed using this method. The temperature fluctuations were 0.000014∘C by simulation, which was reduced 98.6% compared to previous incubators.

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Antunes, Luiz Guilherme Rodrigues, Cleber Carvalho de Castro, and Andrea Ap da Costa Mineiro. "Network orchestration: new role of business incubators?" Innovation & Management Review 18, no. 1 (2021): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/inmr-12-2019-0151.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance of incubators in the stages of formation and development of incubated business networks, especially in bottom-up and top-down network models. Design/methodology/approach The research is defined as qualitative and descriptive, with the application of multiple case studies, in which two networks of incubated businesses were investigated, one being top-down and the other bottom-up, which emerged within the incubation process of two business incubators (CIETEC and INCIT). To make the study operational, 11 semi-structured interviews were carried out and the thematic analysis of content was developed. Findings The results pointed out that in the top-down network the incubator performs a new assignment, the network orchestration, which corresponds to the actions of formation, coordination and governance of the group. In the bottom-up network, it was found that the role of the incubator was to expand the value offers usually practiced. Research limitations/implications As a limitation of the research, the very limitation of case studies is pointed out that is they do not allow for generalizations. Practical implications The research contributes to reflections on the effectiveness of the incubator and sheds light on the complementarity of networks in incubation processes, providing gains for incubators, incubated businesses and society. Originality/value The originality of this document is the new role of the incubator, which is orchestration, and its categorization. The results allow us to understand the effects of providing networks and relationships for incubated businesses. In addition, this study broadens the focus of traditional analyses of the incubator–incubated duo to consider the incubator–network–incubated trio.

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Aydashev, M. S., M. M. Begentaev, S. A. Rakhimova, A. A. Titkov, and K. B. Kunanbaeva. "ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCE OF LEADING BUSINESS INCUBATORS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AND PROPOSALS FOR DESIGNING A GENERAL FUNDAMENTAL ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC CONCEPT OF FUNCTIONING OF A REGIONAL BUSINESS-INCUBATOR." Scientific Journal ECONOMIC SYSTEMS 1, no. 181 (2021): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29030/2309-2076-2021-14-2-135-145.

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In this article, the authors focus on the fact that business incubators play an important role in the development of entrepreneurial education. The article analyzes the leading business incubators of Kazakhstan, highlights the main areas of their work, the functions of business incubators, identifies145 МИРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТ the main systemic and frequent problems. The article formulates proposals for the design of a general fundamental concept of the functioning of a regional business incubator.

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Lumpkin, James R., and R. Duane Ireland. "Screening Practices of New Business Incubators: The Evaluation of Critical Success Factors." American Journal of Small Business 12, no. 4 (1988): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225878801200404.

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New firms are an important mechanism through which new jobs are created. However, the new venture failure rate is greater than the rate of creation. Business incubators have been organized to bring new businesses together to increase the probability of success. Incubators do not guarantee success; however, evaluating potential clients on Critical Success Factors can minimize failures once the firm joins an incubator. This research investigates the screening practices of incubators and identifies unique groups of incubators. The screening practices were found to relate to sponsorship but not to physical characteristics or objectives.

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Eschholz, Vitor, Mário César Silva, Izabela Simon Rampasso, Rosley Anholon, and Robert Eduardo Cooper Ordonez. "Primary criteria used by business incubators for the selection of new enterprises: analysis of selection notices." Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management 15, no. 2 (2018): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14488/bjopm.2018.v15.n2.a5.

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This article aims to analyze the primary criteria used by Brazilian business incubators to select new enterprises. The research method used was a documentary analysis with 124 selection notices available in the websites of business incubators. These criteria were divided into 17 categories, and the most mentioned among them were: innovation level, economic feasibility, and team capability, corroborating the ideas mentioned by other studies. The results presented in this research may be of great value for incubator managers and academics. Incubator managers may use these results to critically analyze their criteria and/or complement them. Academics, in turn, may use these results as a starting point for future research.

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KRUFT, TOBIAS, and ALEXANDER KOCK. "TOWARDS A COMPREHENSIVE CATEGORISATION OF CORPORATE INCUBATORS: EVIDENCE FROM CLUSTER ANALYSIS." International Journal of Innovation Management 23, no. 08 (2019): 1940002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919619400024.

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Established companies are increasingly challenged to expand their innovation development capabilities and to align them to increasingly ambidextrous requirements. A currently popular way for companies to meet these requirements is corporate incubators. Successfully designing such units imposes specific challenges on companies, which results in large numbers of different corporate incubator types spanning a wide range of activities. This group of very different incubation concepts is not only very difficult to manage from a practical perspective, it is also complex to reliably explore from a research perspective. In this study, we therefore examine how incubators can be comprehensively categorised and how different objectives and strategies relate to corporate incubator performance. Results from cluster and regression analysis of a sample of incubators from 14 different industries reveal 16 clusters dependent on five objective and five strategy criteria. The criteria have a diverse relation to performance which can be explained using transactional distance theory.

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Shankar, Raj K. "Incubator or accelerator – a tech start-up’s dilemma." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 7, no. 1 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-06-2016-0103.

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Subject area Entrepreneurship; Technology Transfer; Incubators; Accelerators Study level/applicability Postgraduate, Faculty Development Programs (FDP) and Management Development Programs (MDP) in areas of Technology Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Education, Incubator and Accelerator Management. Case overview Madras Mind Works Private Limited (MMW) is an entrepreneurial venture set up by four friends in Chennai (earlier known as Madras) in Tamil Nadu, India. MMW intends to use the emerging trends in virtual reality and exploit opportunities that arise from its application. MMW has received invitations to join both an incubator as well as an accelerator. After detailed deliberations among the four co-founders that yielded no conclusion, the team left the responsibility of taking the decision to its Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Srinivasan Krish (Srini). Srini now has to decide whether MMW must join the incubator or the accelerator. Expected learning outcomes At least five factors will be learnt based on which tech start-ups can decide whether they should join an incubator or accelerator. Two important players in the entrepreneurship ecosystem are incubators and accelerators. You will learn to define them, describe their characteristics and services and learn their similarities and differences. You will learn what constitutes an entrepreneurial ecosystem using the BEEP framework. You will learn about many ecosystem players including but not limited to – incubators, accelerators, co-working spaces, technology transfer offices, research parks, angels, venture capitalists, government support schemes, university research centres, etc. Supplementary materials Board Plans, YouTube Video Links. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

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Kiani Mavi, Reza, Hamed Gheibdoust, Ahmad A. Khanfar, and Neda Kiani Mavi. "Ranking factors influencing strategic management of university business incubators with ANP." Management Decision 57, no. 12 (2019): 3492–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-06-2018-0688.

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Purpose Universities play a central role in scientific development and progress in societies, so, the need for supporting new businesses in universities becomes very important that science and technology park-based incubators can meet it. The purpose of this paper is to prioritize the factors influencing strategic management of university business incubators (UBIs). Design/methodology/approach Present research prioritizes the factors influencing strategic management of incubators using analytic network process (ANP). The authors gathered data from UBIs affiliated with science and technology park of Guilan, located in city of Rasht (Iran) using the ANP questionnaire during year 2017. Findings Factors influencing strategic management of incubators comprised of four main criteria and 14 sub-criteria. The criteria and sub-criteria were ranked based on their importance. Results show that “talented managers” has the highest importance for strategic management of UBIs. Originality/value This study offers a novel analysis and contribution to the knowledge of ranking UBIs with a multi-criteria decision-making technique. Results of this research show the relative importance of criteria and sub-criteria, which contributes to further improvement of incubator management. University managers and incubator directors can utilize the findings for better resource allocation and aligning the strategies of incubators with macro strategies of the country.

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Ramdani, Dicky Rivaldo, Andi Kurniawan Nugroho, and Budiani Destyningtias. "PENGATURAN SUHU UNTUK MENGATASI BAYI TERBAKAR BERBASIS ARDUINO DAN LABVIEW PADA INFANT INCUBATOR." Elektrika 11, no. 1 (2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/elektrika.v11i1.1540.

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<p>An incubator is a place designed to maintain a certain temperature condition. Incubators are often found in hospitals and farms. In hospitals, the Incubator functions to warm newborns, or premature babies. On farms, this incubator is usually used for egg hatchers and as a place for newly hatched chicks. Incubators are usually in the form of a room or box (box) of a certain size. In this research will be designed a prototype to modify the infant incubator by adding sensors to regulate the temperature and control using a Arduino microcontroller. This incubator has a measurement system and temperature regulation using LM35 sensors, heaters and fans as actuators that can cool the incubator room with Arduino as controlling. Temperature setting will be monitored by LABVIEW. In the Arduino system a program can be set up that can adjust the temperature . The temperature required by the premature baby, so that it can maintain the stability of the temperature. If the temperature in the incubator is smaller than the temperature setting, the heater will turn on and the fan speed will decrease to increase the temperature according to the settings entered. If the temperature in the incubator is greater than the temperature setting entered, the heater will turn off. The results showed that the linear regression value between the temperature values with the ADC value of y = 0.4883x with a determination coefficient of 1, while the linear regression value between the temperature with a voltage value of y = 99.481x with a coefficient of 0.9984.<br />Keywords: Infant Incubator, temperature sensor, LM35.</p>

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Rahmi, Vembri Aulia. "Inkubator ''Entrepreneur Passion'' Sebagai Wahana Generator Semangat dan Ketrampilan Berwirausaha Pelajar Menengah." Jurnal Riset Entrepreneurship 2, no. 1 (2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/jre.v2i1.790.

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Actually, disruption era showed the birth of a new spirit of national progress. However, it is evident that not entirely a positive influence and still high unemployment. From the beginning people must be able to educate themselves as creative and innovative people. It is not easy to create entrepreneurial characters, through entrepreneurship development in schools, entrepreneurial mentality is instilled. Business incubators has been widely applied to universities and has not been widely applied in schools. This study aims to explain how the implementation of the incubator as a vehicle to foster entrepreneurial character in middle school students. Using a descriptive qualitative research method with in-depth interviews with the incubator program presenters and the results of polls of several participants, it can be seen that the findings of this study demonstrate entrepreneurship in "entrepreneur passion" class incubators who are able to increase student entrepreneurship spirit and skills. The result shows that there are still limitations in managing entrepreneurial incubators in schools.

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Fry, Fred L. "The Role of Incubators in Small Business Planning." American Journal of Small Business 12, no. 1 (1987): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225878701200104.

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An incubator houses a number of new, small businesses that share space and administrative support. Management assistance is usually available and financial assistance is sometimes provided. Incubator managers can aid tenants also by encouraging and assisting them in their planning efforts. However, this study found a wide variance among incubators regarding the amount of planning by tenant firms. Further, the amount of planning by tenants appears to be a function of the amount of planning that is required or encouraged by incubator managers. The major implication is that planning can be affected by incubator managers. Thus, incubator managers should see part of their role as a planning facilitator. Additional areas for future research are suggested.

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