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Pigeon, Mathieu, Katrien Antonio, and Michel Denuit. "Individual loss reserving using paid–incurred data." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 58 (September 2014): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2014.06.012.
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Rudzki, Piotr J., Przemysław Biecek, and Michał Kaza. "Comprehensive graphical presentation of data from incurred sample reanalysis." Bioanalysis 9, no. 12 (2017): 947–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2017-0038.
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Li, Huimin, David Arditi, and Zhuofu Wang. "Transaction costs incurred by construction owners." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 21, no. 4 (2014): 444–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-07-2013-0064.
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Purpose – Transaction costs arise from economic exchange rather than production activities. However, the term “transaction cost” is not consistently defined in the construction industry because the concept of transaction cost is not universally accepted by all stakeholders in construction projects. As a result, empirical studies are few and conflicting because accessing data on transaction costs is problematic, and the interpretation of the data is difficult. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the transaction costs borne by the owner in a construction project from the perspective of transaction cost economics and construction project characteristics. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire survey was administered to construction owners. The factors that impact transaction costs were analyzed in the context of human-related issues (the owner's and the contractor's positions in the transaction), and environment-related issues (the transaction environment, and project management efficiency). Statistical analyses were conducted to compare the transaction costs incurred in the pre- vs post-contract phases of a project relative to the private vs public sector, different project delivery systems, different procurement methods, and different types of contracts. Findings – The owners surveyed believe that transaction costs may be reduced if the owner and the contractor follow some basic guidelines (e.g. experience in similar projects, prompt payment, good relationship with project participants, no irregularities in bidding, and only few material substitutions and claims), if the project is well-run (e.g. technical competency, strong leadership, prompt decision-making, effective communication, and fair/speedy conflict management), and if the transaction environment is favorable (e.g. fair risk allocation, early contractor involvement, and complete design documents). The findings of the survey also indicate that post-contract transaction costs are much higher than pre-contract transaction costs expressed as percent of project value and that transaction costs are affected by the owner (public vs private), the procurement method, the project delivery system, and the type of contract. Originality/value – The primary contribution that this research makes to the body of knowledge is a better understanding of transaction costs incurred by construction owners in the USA. The highest transaction costs are to be expected in the post-contract phase of public projects awarded on a unit price basis, but can be reduced, hence reducing overall project cost.
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Happ, Sebastian, and Mario V. Wüthrich. "PAID-INCURRED CHAIN RESERVING METHOD WITH DEPENDENCE MODELING." ASTIN Bulletin 43, no. 1 (2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2012.4.
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AbstractThe paid-incurred chain (PIC) reserving method is a claims reserving method that allows to combine claims payments and incurred losses information in a mathematical consistent way. The main criticism on the original Bayesian log-normal PIC model presented in Merz–Wüthrich [5] is that it does not respect dependence properties within the observed data. In the present paper, we extend the original Bayesian log-normal PIC model so that dependence is modeled in an appropriate way.
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Screen, Daniel, James Parkinson, Christopher Shilton, Aleksandrs Rjabovs, and Marin Marinov. "Data Analysis to Study Sub-threshold Delays Incurred by Tyne and Wear Metro Trains." Urban Rail Transit 6, no. 2 (2020): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40864-020-00125-4.
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Renugadevi, T., K. Geetha, K. Muthukumar, and Zong Woo Geem. "Optimized Energy Cost and Carbon Emission-Aware Virtual Machine Allocation in Sustainable Data Centers." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (2020): 6383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166383.
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Cloud data center’s total operating cost is conquered by electricity cost and carbon tax incurred due to energy consumption from the grid and its associated carbon emission. In this work, we consider geo-distributed sustainable datacenter’s with varying on-site green energy generation, electricity prices, carbon intensity and carbon tax. The objective function is devised to reduce the operating cost including electricity cost and carbon cost incurred on the power consumption of servers and cooling devices. We propose renewable-aware algorithms to schedule the workload to the data centers with an aim to maximize the green energy usage. Due to the uncertainty and time variant nature of renewable energy availability, an investigation is performed to identify the impact of carbon footprint, carbon tax and electricity cost in data center selection on total operating cost reduction. In addition, on-demand dynamic optimal frequency-based load distribution within the cluster nodes is performed to eliminate hot spots due to high processor utilization. The work suggests optimal virtual machine placement decision to maximize green energy usage with reduced operating cost and carbon emission.
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Irwin, Debra E., Stephen Thompson, Rinat Ribalov, and Azhar Choudhry. "Real-world incidence and costs of serious infections and cardiovascular complications among patients with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with first-line ibrutinib or bendamustine/rituximab." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (2021): e19528-e19528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e19528.
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e19528 Background: Patients with Indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL) have shown positive outcomes with ibrutinib monotherapy (IM) as well as bendamustine/rituximab combination (BR) therapy, but no studies have reported on patient outcomes using real-world data. The current analysis evaluated serious infections and cardiovascular complications in iNHL patients treated with first-line IM or BR therapy using US real-world data. Methods: Administrative claims from the MarketScan® Research Databases were used to identify adult patients enrolled in commercial or Medicare supplemental insurance plans based on a first prescription fill of IM or BR therapy (the index date) from 2/1/14 to 9/1/19. Patients included in the study were diagnosed with iNHL, were treatment naïve, and were continuously enrolled for ≥12 months both prior to and following the index date. Serious infections and cardiovascular complications requiring hospitalization (diagnosis code in any position) and associated inpatient costs were evaluated during a fixed 12-month follow-up period. Statistical differences in outcome distributions and costs (reported per patient per month [PPPM]) between the groups were tested. Results: Of 1,948 iNHL patients, 147 had IM and 1,058 had BR as index therapy with ≥12 months of follow-up data. Patients receiving IM were older, more often male, and more likely to have had a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) or atrial fibrillation (AF) during baseline compared to BR patients, otherwise the groups had similar baseline characteristics. Hospitalization for serious infections was similar for IM and BR patients during the follow-up period (17.0% vs. 14.4%; p = 0.397); among hospitalized patients, the IM and BR groups incurred similar PPPM inpatient costs ($2,839 vs. $3,954; p = 0.188). Specifically, 7.5% of IM patients had a bacterial infection hospitalization and incurred $2,561 PPPM vs 7.6% of BR patients who incurred $3,975 PPPM (both p > 0.05); 8.8% of IM patients had a LRTI hospitalization and incurred $3,629 PPPM vs 6.1% of BR patients who incurred $4,980 PPPM (both p > 0.05). Hospitalization for cardiovascular complications was similar during follow-up for IM and BR patients (15.6% vs. 12.2%; p = 0.237); among hospitalized patients, the IM and BR groups incurred similar PPPM costs ($3,777 vs. $3,862; p = 0.948). Specifically, 7.5% of IM patients had a hospitalization for AF and incurred $4,481 PPPM vs 3.6% of BR patients who incurred $4,860 PPPM (p = 0.025 and p = 0.875, respectively). Conclusions: In a real-world setting, serious infections and cardiovascular complications requiring hospitalization, including associated costs, were similar among iNHL patients treated with first-line IM or BR over 12 months, although IM patients were more likely to have an AF-related complication.
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Ramayya, Sundaresh Venkat, and Michael Jerry Antal. "Evaluation of systematic error incurred in the plug flow idealization of tubular flow reactor data." Energy & Fuels 3, no. 1 (1989): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef00013a018.
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Donnelly, C., and Mario V. Wüthrich. "Bayesian prediction of disability insurance frequencies using economic indicators." Annals of Actuarial Science 6, no. 2 (2012): 381–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1748499512000024.
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AbstractWe use economic indicators to improve the prediction of the number of incurred but not recorded disability insurance claims, assuming that there is a link between the number of claims and the chosen economic indicators. We propose a Bayesian model where we model the claims development in three directions: along incurred periods, recording lag periods and calendar periods. A stochastic model of the economic indicators is incorporated into the calendar period development direction. Thus we allow for the impact of the economic environment on the number of claims. Applying the proposed model to data, we illustrate how the inclusion of economic indicators affects the prediction of the number of incurred but not recorded disability claims.
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Marhawati, Marhawati. "Analisis Karakteristik dan Tingkat Pendapatan Usahatani Jeruk Pamelo Di Kabupaten Pangkep." JEKPEND: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pendidikan 2, no. 2 (2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jekpend.v2i2.9969.
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This study aims to determine the characteristics of Pamelo orange farmers as well as the level of income and efficiency value of Pamelo orange farming in Ma'rang District, Pangkep Regency. The sampling method used was random sampling (random) with a total of 124 farmers. The method of data collection is done by observation, interview and documentation. The data analysis technique used to calculate the income and the efficiency level of the siam farming uses the R/C Ratio analysis tool. The results showed that the Pamelo orange farming was feasible and profitable to be cultivated at all business scales. For a small scale business with an area of less than 0.5 hectares gives 1.99 times the cost of production incurred, a medium scale business with an area of 0.5 hectare to 1 hectare gives an income of 2.05 of the production costs incurred and the scale large businesses with more than one hectare of land give 2.37 of the production costs incurred
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Newkirk, David R., Herbert F. Righter, Frank J. Schenck, Joseph L. Okrasinski, and Charlie J. Barnes. "Gas Chromatographic Determination of Incurred Dimetridazole Residues in Swine Tissues." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 73, no. 5 (1990): 702–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/73.5.702.
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Abstract A gas chromatographic method for determination of 2-hydroxymethyl- 1-methyl-5-nltrolmldazole (DMZOH), the hydroxy metabolite of dimetridazole, in swine muscle has been developed. The method uses cleanup steps similar to those of an earlier polarographic method. The present method Is capable of quantltatlng levels as low as 2 ppb and detecting less than 1 ppb. Recoveries from 30 control tissues spiked at 1,2, or 4 ppb averaged 80.4%. Performance of the method In Incurred tissue was documented and limited data on the depletion of the metabolite In muscle were generated. The muscle of swine given 150 ppm dimetridazole In feed for 14 days contained less than 1 ppb DMZOH at 12 h withdrawal time.
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Retno Hernani, Agustyas, and Endah Masrunik. "PENETAPAN BIAYA PRODUKSI TAYANGAN IKLAN DI MADU TV BIRO BLITAR." AKUNTABILITAS: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Ekonomi 13, no. 2 (2020): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/akuntabilitas.v13i2.1563.
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Production costs are costs contained in a product or service, so the costs incurred must be able to be identified and calculated correctly, so that the total production costs incurred are truly accurate. The purpose of this study is to find out what costs are contained in the determination of production costs for an advertisement and how to calculate them. The method used is descriptive qualitative, where data is collected by interview and observation method and then draws a conclusion from the results of these interviews and observations. The results of this study indicate that the production costs incurred for an advertisement are determined by the bureau which consists of equipment rental costs and crew costs or salaries (excluding basic salaries) then the amount is calculated and added with transportation costs
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Voicu, Victor, Mihaela Cristina Gheorghe, Iulia Daniela Sora, Costel Sârbu, and Andrei Medvedovici. "Incurred sample reanalysis: different evaluation approaches on data obtained for spironolactone and its active metabolite canrenone." Bioanalysis 3, no. 12 (2011): 1343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio.11.83.
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Permatasari, Zeni, Agus Sifaunajah, and Nur Khafidhoh. "Penggunaan Algoritma Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Propagasi Balik Pada Klasifikasi Data Penggunaan Daya Listrik." Systemic: Information System and Informatics Journal 5, no. 2 (2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/systemic.v5i2.679.
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Electrical Energy has a large contribution to the operational costs that must be incurred. The selection of electrical equipment can be one alternative that might be implemented to reduce operational costs incurred. In its use sometimes users do not know any electrical equipment that uses high electrical power and low electrical power. Therefore a system was made to classify data on electric power usage. This data will be classified into four classes, such as: very efficient, efficient, quite efficient and wasteful. Data classification is done using a back propagation neural network algorithm. The training data set used is 190 data and the test data set is 30 data. Based on the training that has been done, the optimal parameters are learning rate 0.5, target error 0.001, max epoch 10000, and 25 hidden neurons. Tests show that the system is able to recognize data with an accuracy level of 96.67% and MSE of 0.03333. Of the 30 data that have been tested obtained 29 data in accordance with the target. Where the 29 data are classified into 4 classes, namely 9 data classes are very efficient, 6 data classes are efficient, 5 data classes are quite efficient and 9 data classes are wasteful. The results of this study can be concluded that the backpropagation neural network algorithm can be implemented to classify electrical power usage data.
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Yang, Jin Cai, Qi Chen, Zhong Hua Wang, and Jin Zhu Hu. "Data Allocation Strategy Based on Users Moving in a Mobile Computing Environment." Advanced Engineering Forum 6-7 (September 2012): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.6-7.404.
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Mobile users tend to submit transactions to servers nearby for execution so as to minimize the communication overhead incurred. Data replication is helpful because it can improve execution performance of servers and reduce network traffic. In this paper, a new algorithm named SDMP (shared data allocation algorithm based on moving pattern) is proposed, which takes not only the user’s pattern but also the frequency of user’s appearance according to the user’s path log into account. Experimental results show the SDMP algorithm is better than other algorithms used for data allocation for servers.
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Delong, Łukasz, and Mario V. Wüthrich. "Neural Networks for the Joint Development of Individual Payments and Claim Incurred." Risks 8, no. 2 (2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks8020033.
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The goal of this paper is to develop regression models and postulate distributions which can be used in practice to describe the joint development process of individual claim payments and claim incurred. We apply neural networks to estimate our regression models. As regressors we use the whole claim history of incremental payments and claim incurred, as well as any relevant feature information which is available to describe individual claims and their development characteristics. Our models are calibrated and tested on a real data set, and the results are benchmarked with the Chain-Ladder method. Our analysis focuses on the development of the so-called Reported But Not Settled (RBNS) claims. We show benefits of using deep neural network and the whole claim history in our prediction problem.
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Zhang, Guoquan, Guohao Li, and Jing Peng. "Risk Assessment and Monitoring of Green Logistics for Fresh Produce Based on a Support Vector Machine." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (2020): 7569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187569.
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The sustainability and profitability of fresh produce supply chains are contingent upon several risk factors. This work, therefore, examines several risk indicators that affect the quality and safety of fresh produce in transit, including technological, biological, sustainability, environmental, and emergency risks. Then, we developed a risk assessment and monitoring model that employs a machine learning algorithm, a support vector machine, based on historical monitoring data. The proposed methodology was then applied to simulation and numerical analysis to assess the risks incurred in the strawberry cold chain. After training, the algorithm predicted the risks incurred during transportation with an average accuracy of 90.4%. Therefore, the developed methodology can effectively and accurately perform a risk assessment. Furthermore, the risk assessment model can be applied to other fresh produce due to comprehensive risk indicators. Decision-makers in fresh produce logistics companies can use the developed methodology to identify and mitigate risks incurred, thus improving food safety, reducing product loss, maximizing profits, and realizing sustainable development.
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Von Kaeppler, Ericka P., Erik J. Kramer, Claire A. Donnelley, et al. "The Initial Economic Burden of Femur Fractures on Informal Caregivers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Malawi Medical Journal 33, no. 2 (2021): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v33i2.9.
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BackgroundFemur fracture patients require significant in-hospital care. The burden incurred by caregivers of such patients amplifies the direct costs of these injuries and remains unquantified. Aim Here we aim to establish the in-hospital economic burden faced by informal caregivers of femur fracture patients. Methods
 70 unique caregivers for 46 femoral shaft fracture patients were interviewed. Incurred economic burden was determined by the Human Capital Approach, using standardized income data to quantify productivity loss (in $USD). Linear regression assessed the relationship between caregiver burden and patient time-in-hospital.ResultsThe average economic burden incurred was $149, 9% of a caregiver’s annual income and positively correlated with patient time in hospital (p<0.01). Conclusion Caregivers of patients treated operatively for femur fractures lost a large portion of their annual income, and this loss increased with patient time in hospital. These indirect costs of femur fracture treatment constitute an important component of the total injury burden.
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Heberle, Jochen. "Prediction of the ultimate claims based on cumulative payments and claims-incurred data using Kalman-filter theory." Zeitschrift für die gesamte Versicherungswissenschaft 104, no. 1 (2014): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12297-014-0288-0.
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Hiabu, M., C. Margraf, M. D. Martínez-Miranda, and J. P. Nielsen. "The link between classical reserving and granular reserving through double chain ladder and its extensions." British Actuarial Journal 21, no. 01 (2015): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321715000288.
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AbstractThe relationship of the chain ladder method to mathematical statistics has long been debated in actuarial science. During the 1990s it became clear that the originally deterministic chain ladder can be seen as an autoregressive time series or as a multiplicative Poisson model. This paper draws on recent research and concludes that chain ladder can be seen as a structured histogram. This gives a direct link between classical aggregate methods and continuous granular methods. When the histogram is replaced by a smooth counterpart, we have a continuous chain ladder model. Re-inventing classical chain ladder via double chain ladder and its extensions introduces statistically solid approaches of combining paid and incurred data with direct link to granular data approaches. This paper goes through some of the extensions of double chain ladder and introduces new approaches to incorporating and modelling incurred data.
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Suryaman, Suryaman, and Hamdan Hamdan. "PENGUKURAN KINERJA DOSEN UNSERA DENGAN PENDEKATAN BALANCED SCORECARD." CENDEKIA: Journal of Education and Teaching 10, no. 2 (2016): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/cendekia.v10i2.190.
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This study reports performance of lecturers of Serang Raya University (UNSERA) measured using scorecard balanced approach. This study used survey method describing findings in numerical data and narrative data each of which was incurred in four perspective measures: finance, students’ satisfaction, business, and growth and instruction. Data were collected using questionnaire, documents, and Focus Group Discussion. The study revealed that description of research and social charity in 2011-2014, (1) finance perspectives showed that lecturer incurred small attainment as lecturers received small amount of donor provided by other institutions; (2) a significant increase was achieved in perspectives of growth and instruction in that lecturers were motivated to conduct researches and improved teaching-learning performances; (3) in all, lecturer performance of UNSERA was good, indicated by the increase of journal articles published in national and international journals.
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Putri, I. Gusti Ayu Putu Arika, and I. Nyoman Nurcaya. "PENERAPAN WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PADA PT UNIPLASTINDO INTERBUANA BALI." E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana 8, no. 12 (2019): 7216. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejmunud.2019.v08.i12.p16.
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Warehouse Management System is a database-based computer application system, which used to improve warehouse efficiency in maintaining the accuracy of inventory data by recording every transaction in the warehouse. The purpose of this study was to determine efficiency of material handling costs incurred after implementation of warehouse management system. The research was conducted at PT Uniplastindo Interbuana Bali with simulation of implementation warehouse management system. Based on calculations, application of WMS able to increase cost efficiency and time efficiency in material handling because the system is able to provide accurate material placement data. Data during simulation shows a smaller amount of time compared to before simulation, which means less costs are incurred. Existence of system also makes it easy for related admin to collect data on real stock in the field. Data presentation and processing becomes faster and accurate so it can lead to increased performance in company.
 Keywords: Warehouse Management System (WMS), material handling, cost efficiency 
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Saihani, Azwar, and Siti Hapizah. "Analisis Nilai Tambah dan Efisiensi Usaha Tape Ketan pada Industri Rumah Tangga Tape Ketan di Desa Sungai Karias Kecamatan Amuntai Tengah Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara." RAWA SAINS : JURNAL SAINS STIPER AMUNTAI 5, no. 2 (2015): 352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36589/rs.v5i2.50.
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The aim of this research is to determine the general description of home industry sticky tape seen from the characteristics of respondents and the views of the business production system, analyze the added value of sticky tape and analyze the efficiency of home industry sticky tape in Sungai Karias Village Amuntai Tengah District Hulu Sungai Utara Regency. Method research used is cencus method, the mothod of data collection uses interviews. Data collection was conducted from May until July 2015. The data analysis used is qualitative analysis to get general condition description of sticky tape industry processed descriptively. Quantitative analysis uses analysis of costs, revenues, profits, value-added and business efficiency analysis. Analysis tool of added value is Hayami method. The results of this study showed that the total cost incurred is Rp.170.018,-, the average of revenue home industry sticky tape in once process production is Rp.341.712,-, the profits is Rp.171.694,-, added value obtained based on calculation Hayami method that is Rp.15.574,7 per kilogram of raw materials glutinous rice or 51,83% of the production value, and efficiencies obtained 2,00 that means the home industry sticky tape is efficient because the value more than 1. R/C ratio of 2,00 that means every Rp.1,00 cost incurred in home industry sticky tape will provide revenue 2,00 times of costs that incurred.
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Reynolds, Gregory J., Thomas R. Gordon, and Neil McRoberts. "Using Game Theory to Understand Systemic Acquired Resistance as a Bet-Hedging Option for Increasing Fitness When Disease Is Uncertain." Plants 8, no. 7 (2019): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8070219.
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Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a mechanism through which plants may respond to initial challenge by a pathogen through activation of inducible defense responses, thereby increasing resistance to subsequent infection attempts. Fitness costs are assumed to be incurred by plants induced for SAR, and several studies have attempted to quantify these costs. We developed a mathematical model, motivated by game-theoretic concepts, to simulate competition between hypothetical plant populations with and without SAR to examine conditions under which the phenomenon of SAR may have evolved. Data were gathered from various studies on fitness costs of induced resistance on life history traits in different plant hosts and scaled as a proportion of the values in control cohorts in each study (i.e., healthy plants unprimed for SAR). With unprimed healthy control plants set to a fitness value of 1, primed healthy plants incurred a fitness cost of about 10.4% (0.896, n = 157), primed diseased plants incurred a fitness cost of about 15.5% (0.845, n = 54), and unprimed diseased plants incurred a fitness cost of about 28.9% (0.711, n = 69). Starting from a small proportion of the population (0.5%) and competing against a population with constitutive defenses alone in stochastic simulations, the SAR phenotype almost always dominated the population after 1000 generations when the probability of disease was greater than or equal to 0.5 regardless of the probability for priming errors.
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Dina Manolache, Aurora Elena. "Chain claims reserving methods in non-life insurance." Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Statistics 1, no. 1 (2019): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/icas-2019-0019.
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Abstract Considering that the reliability of reserves valuation directly influences the financial strength of an insurance company, the main aim of this paper is to present a claims reserving estimation for a Romanian non-life insurer based on the most popular chain methods which are typically used in practice for the estimation of outstanding claims reserves in general insurance industry: Standard Chain Ladder and Munich Chain Ladder both on the claims incurred data and claims paid data. The tail development factors have been estimated based on the curve-fitting methods. The obvious advantage of these methods is represented by its simplicity of the practicality application. The results of the research under two chain claims reserving models reveal significant differences between the Standard Chain Ladder and Munich Chain Ladder with respect to the claims reserves level. Probably the Standard Chain Ladder based on paid method underestimates the outstanding loss liabilities and Standard Chain Ladder based on Incurred method overestimates the claims reserves. The claims reserves predictions under the Paid Munich Chain Ladder and Incurred Munich Chain Ladder are between the two Standard Chain Ladder outstanding loss liabilities estimates. The results of the tail extrapolation shown that the incorporation of the tail factors can have a significant impact on claims predictions.
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Aina Mustainah, Suci Ayu. "ANALISIS BIAYA VOLUME LABA SEBAGAI ALAT PERENCANAAN LABA (SPBU CV. SINAR HASMADANI)." Bongaya Journal for Research in Accounting (BJRA) 2, no. 2 (2019): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37888/bjra.v2i2.195.
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This study aims to determine the costs incurred whether it has reached breakeven by SPBU CV. Sinar Hasmadani, how much sales volume is spent to break even andto find out the profit generated has become a reference in planning future profits at gasstations CV. Sinar Hasmadani Karsa. This study uses primary data and secondary data,where primary data is obtained from companies related to the history of the company.Secondary data in this study in the form of financial report data and data costs that existwithin the company. In this study the method used to analyze the data is by usingquantitative descriptive.The results of the analysis show that the costs incurred by SPBUCV. Sinar Hasmadani Karsa can be used as a basis for calculating BEP. Sales volumealso increases every year, on the other hand the calculation of contribution margin andcontribution margin ratio obtained in 2016-2018 shows that the company has produced acontribution margin that can cover fixed costs and generate maximum profits, and thelast profit achieved by the company can be used as the basis for future profit planning
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Wilson, Margo, and Martin Daly. "Spousal Homicide Risk and Estrangement." Violence and Victims 8, no. 1 (1993): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.8.1.3.
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Frequencies of homicide victimization of wives and husbands, while cohabiting and when separated, are reported for all spousal homicides known to the police in Canada (1974-1990), in New South Wales, Australia (1968-1986), and in Chicago (1965-1990). In all three data sets, the degree to which spousal homicide victimization was female-biased was significantly greater when the couple were estranged than when they were coresiding. Victim counts and population-at-large estimates of coresiding and separated nowmarried spouses were combined to estimate differential homicide rates incurred by coresiding and estranged married persons. Wives in all three countries incurred substantially elevated risk when separated as compared to when coresiding.
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Luca, Dara Lee, Caroline Margiotta, Colleen Staatz, Eleanor Garlow, Anna Christensen, and Kara Zivin. "Financial Toll of Untreated Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders Among 2017 Births in the United States." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 6 (2020): 888–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305619.
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Objectives. To estimate the economic burden of untreated perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) among 2017 births in the United States. Methods. We developed a mathematical model based on a cost-of-illness approach to estimate the impacts of exposure to untreated PMADs on mothers and children. Our model estimated the costs incurred by mothers and their babies born in 2017, projected from conception through the first 5 years of the birth cohort’s lives. We determined model inputs from secondary data sources and a literature review. Results. We estimated PMADs to cost $14 billion for the 2017 birth cohort from conception to 5 years postpartum. The average cost per affected mother–child dyad was about $31 800. Mothers incurred 65% of the costs; children incurred 35%. The largest costs were attributable to reduced economic productivity among affected mothers, more preterm births, and increases in other maternal health expenditures. Conclusions. The US economic burden of PMADs is high. Efforts to lower the prevalence of untreated PMADs could lead to substantial economic savings for employers, insurers, the government, and society.
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Cartar, Ralph V., and R. I. Guy Morrison. "Estimating metabolic costs for homeotherms from weather data and morphology: an example using calidridine sandpipers." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 1 (1997): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-012.
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It is often desirable to estimate the metabolic costs incurred by homeothermic organisms of differing morphology living in different real or hypothetical environmental conditions. To address this problem, we describe a method, based on previously published empirical allometric and heat-transfer equations, that allows a rough estimate to be made of the daily maintenance metabolic costs (i.e., basal and thermoregulatory costs) incurred by a bird in a simple cold two-dimensional environment. The model uses widely available weather variables (temperature, wind speed, and global solar radiation), morphological variables (body mass, height of body's centre of gravity, diameter of torso), and a habitat variable (height of vegetation). We apply the model to weather data from the Canadian Arctic to predict daily metabolic costs for two calidridine sandpiper species (Calidris canutus and C. minutilla) during the summer. The model is extremely sensitive to error in the slope and intercept of the allometric equation predicting conductance from body mass, but is generally robust to other model parameters. Using ambient temperature (Ta) in place of operative temperature (Te) has only a minor (3.5%) effect on predicted metabolic costs, so, given that Te is difficult to estimate, we recommend this substitution (at least for arctic latitudes, where solar radiation is of reduced importance). The model predicts metabolic rates similar to those obtained from an equation based on a heated taxidermic mount for C. canutus, thereby providing some measure of validation. The model can easily be modified to predict metabolic costs for other groups of birds or mammals.
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Bashar, Abul. "INTELLIGENT DEVELOPMENT OF BIG DATA ANALYTICS FOR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN CLOUD COMPUTING." Journal of Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Technologies 01, no. 01 (2019): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jucct.2019.1.002.
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Big-data analytics being a useful technique in the analyzing the deeper values hidden inside a huge set of data flow that are generated in our day today lives, has almost become more prominent in variety of applications such as industrial development, smart home to smart city development and security management etc., despite its high potentials the challenges incurred makes it insufficient with certain applications that include a real time monitoring, so the paper proposes the real time monitoring of the developing manufacturing industry by proffering the intelligent big data analytics and cloud computing to present with the maximum possible insights to improvise the process of the manufacturing , by retaining the product consistency, optimal throughput and increasing the productivity.
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AMANI, ZATA ATIKAH, and Puji Sucia Sukmaningrum. "KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI SYARIAH DI INDONESIA DAN PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI SYARIAH DI MALAYSIA PERIODE 2013-2015." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 5, no. 8 (2019): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol5iss20188pp645-663.
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The purpose of this research is to determine the differences in financial performance of Islamic insurance in Indonesia and Islamic insurance in Malaysia during the period of 2013-2015. This research method uses quantitative methods, and using sample of three Islamic insurance companies in Indonesia and eight Islamic insurance companies in Malaysia. Subsequently, do different test by using Mann-Whitney Test and Independent Sample T-Test. Assessment of financial performance is measured by the ratio of change of surplus ratio,underwriting ratio, incurred loss ratio, commission ratio, management ratio, premium growth ratio, and retention ratio. The data used is secondary data which is being collected of annual financial report from 2013-2015. The comparison shows that there’s significant difference in, underwriting ratio, andthere are no significant differences in surplus ratio, incurred loss ratio, commission ratio, management ratio, premium growth ratio, retention ratio.
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Lücking, Markus, Felix Kretzer, Niclas Kannengießer, Michael Beigl, Ali Sunyaev, and Wilhelm Stork. "When Data Fly: An Open Data Trading System in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks." Electronics 10, no. 6 (2021): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060654.
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Communication between vehicles and their environment (i.e., vehicle-to-everything or V2X communication) in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) has become of particular importance for smart cities. However, economic challenges, such as the cost incurred by data sharing (e.g., due to power consumption), hinder the integration of data sharing in open systems into smart city applications, such as dynamic environmental zones. Moving from open data sharing to open data trading can address the economic challenges and incentivize vehicle drivers to share their data. In this context, integrating distributed ledger technology (DLT) into open systems for data trading is promising for reducing the transaction cost of payments in data trading, avoiding dependencies on third parties, and guaranteeing openness. However, because the integration of DLT conflicts with the short available communication time between fast moving objects in VANETs, it remains unclear how open data trading in VANETs using DLT should be designed to be viable. In this work, we present a system design for data trading in VANETs using DLT. We measure the required communication time for data trading between a vehicle and a roadside unit in a real scenario and estimate the associated cost. Our results show that the proposed system design is technically feasible and economically viable.
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McLaughlin, Nancy, Matthew C. Garrett, Leila Emami, Sarah K. Foss, Johanna L. Klohn, and Neil A. Martin. "Integrating risk management data in quality improvement initiatives within an academic neurosurgery department." Journal of Neurosurgery 124, no. 1 (2016): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.11.jns132653.
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OBJECT While malpractice litigation has had many negative impacts on health care delivery systems, information extracted from lawsuits could potentially guide toward venues to improve care. The authors present a comprehensive review of lawsuits within a tertiary academic neurosurgical department and report institutional and departmental strategies to mitigate liability by integrating risk management data with quality improvement initiatives. METHODS The Comprehensive Risk Intelligence Tool database was interrogated to extract claims/suits abstracts concerning neurosurgical cases that were closed from January 2008 to December 2012. Variables included demographics of the claimant, type of procedure performed (if any), claim description, insured information, case outcome, clinical summary, contributing factors and subfactors, amount incurred for indemnity and expenses, and independent expert opinion in regard to whether the standard of care was met. RESULTS During the study period, the Department of Neurosurgery received the most lawsuits of all surgical specialties (30 of 172), leading to a total incurred payment of $4,949,867. Of these lawsuits, 21 involved spinal pathologies and 9 cranial pathologies. The largest group of suits was from patients with challenging medical conditions who underwent uneventful surgeries and postoperative courses but filed lawsuits when they did not see the benefits for which they were hoping; 85% of these claims were withdrawn by the plaintiffs. The most commonly cited contributing factors included clinical judgment (20 of 30), technical skill (19 of 30), and communication (6 of 30). CONCLUSIONS While all medical and surgical subspecialties must deal with the issue of malpractice and liability, neurosurgery is most affected both in terms of the number of suits filed as well as monetary amounts awarded. To use the suits as learning tools for the faculty and residents and minimize the associated costs, quality initiatives addressing the most frequent contributing factors should be instituted in care redesign strategies, enabling strategic alignment of quality improvement and risk management efforts.
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De Klerk, Martinus Gerhardus. "Power calculation accuracy as a function of wind data resolution." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 28, no. 2 (2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2017/v28i2a1656.
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Wind power calculations are usually based on average wind data taken over one-hour intervals. The effect of the wind data resolution on the statistical techniques used to calculate the probable power output (PPO) is commonly overlooked. This effect is analysed in this paper by iteratively calculating and comparing the PPO of a wind turbine using data, averaged over different periods, obtained from Wind Association of South Africa. The power is calculated using both Weibull representation and direct polynomial substitution techniques in order to compare and verify the results. The results indicate a fairly linear relationship between the resolution used and the PPO error incurred. These results raise an interest to examine the effects of a fine resolution on the data in terms of data dependence, which may violate the criteria for the majority of statistical tests and procedures.
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Mohanty, Mohit Prakash, and Subhankar Karmakar. "Hydrodynamic Flood Modelling of Large Regions Under Data-Poor Situations." International Journal of Business Analytics 8, no. 2 (2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijban.2021040101.
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A serious constraint of data availability over flood-prone areas in India limits the potential of carrying out hydrodynamic flood modelling studies. Such difficulties are encountered because of a lack of high-resolution topography, cross-section data of the rivers, and sufficient and accurate calibration and validation data sets. The present study addresses the problems faced in performing a comprehensive 1D-2D coupled flood modelling over a flood disastrous region Jagatsinghpur, Odisha, India. The constraints faced in terms of hydraulic parameters such as water level, discharge, and geometric parameters such as river geometry are investigated. The simulations were performed for a severe flood event in 2011 that incurred heavy socio-economic losses in the district. The establishment of a modelling platform for flood simulation shall elucidate the major constraints faced in hydrodynamic modelling for such flood-prone areas with poor data availability.
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Utari, Atika Binti, and Thinni Nurul Rochmah. "ANALISIS BURDEN OF DISEASE HIPERTENSI PADA MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN KEDIRI." Indonesian Journal of Public Health 14, no. 2 (2019): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v14i2.2019.138-149.
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The incidence of hypertension is the highest non-communicable disease in Kediri in 2016. The prevalence of hypertension in Kediri reaches 27.9. This situation even exceeds the prevalence rate in East Java (26.2). This study aims to calculate the value of economic losses caused by hypertension sufferers in Kediri. This research is a quantitative research with the cross-sectional method. The primary data collection was done by interviewing 100 hypertension sufferers. The results show that the direct medical cost incurred by patients due to hypertension is IDR 563,360 per capita. Meanwhile, the indirect costs to be incurred by patients during suffering hypertension reach IDR 789,272 per capita. Disability-Adjusted Life Years or years lost due to premature death and disability caused by hypertension disease in Kediri regency amount to 189,915 years. Consequently, the Burden of disease value obtained due to hypertension in Kediri District is IDR 330,882,930,485. It can be concluded that the economic burden caused by hypertension is significantly high. The indirect costs incurred by the patients are greater than the direct costs. Therefore, it is recommended to intensify the dissemination and preventive efforts to decrease the incidence of hypertension.
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Pabusa, Herman, Stanly Alexander, and Djeini Maradesa. "ANALISIS PENGUKURAN DAN PELAPORAN BIAYA KUALITAS SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN BIAYA KUALITAS PADA CV. BLACK CUP INDO UTAMA MANADO." GOING CONCERN : JURNAL RISET AKUNTANSI 15, no. 3 (2020): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.32400/gc.15.3.28870.2020.
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Quality costs are costs incurred by the company in order to improve product quality which refers to all costs incurred to prevent the occurrence of defective goods or costs that must be incurred due to defective goods. Quality costs can be divided into two groups, namely the first quality costs associated with control activities consisting of prevention costs and valuation costs and the second is costs associated with failure activities consisting of internal failure costs and external failure costs. This study aims to determine the measurement and reporting of quality costs as a quality cost control tool on the CV. Indo Utama Black Cup Manado. The research method used in this thesis research is a descriptive method in which the purpose of each data collected is analyzed then drawn a conclusion and the type of research used is descriptive qualitative. The results obtained that the measurement and reporting of quality costs on the CV. Indo Utama Manado Black Cup has not yet taken cost measurements and has not presented separate quality cost reporting, so it cannot be used as a quality cost control tool.
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Begum, M., MR Ahmed, T. Noor, and MI Hossain. "Marketing of orange: a value chain perspective in the selected areas of Sylhet District in Bangladesh." Progressive Agriculture 27, no. 3 (2016): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v27i3.30827.
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Orange is one of the most import fruit crops that generate additional cash income for market actors. The study was investigated the marketing system of orange , value addition, roles and functions of value chain actors with the help of primary data collected from both farmers (forty) through simple random sampling and value chain actors (thirty) through purposive sampling by using structured questionnaire and face to face interview technique. The gross return and net return of farmers were estimated Tk. 2, 70,000 and Tk. 22084.77 per hectare respectively. Per quintal value addition of orange of bepari, aratdar, wholesaler and retailer were estimated at Tk. 800, Tk. 340, Tk. 700 and Tk. 1000 respectively. The net marketing margin per quintal of orange of bepari, aratdar, wholesaler and retailer were estimated at Tk. 293.59, Tk. 107.32, Tk. 356.46 and Tk. 700.8 respectively. Among the different actors, retailer incurred highest (in percentage) value addition and net marketing margin. On the other hand, aratdar incurred lowest marketing cost and marketing margin and bepari incurred highest (in percentage) marketing cost but adding second highest value in compare to another.Progressive Agriculture 27 (3): 327-338, 2016
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JESTER, EDWARD L. E., JARED I. LOADER, KATHLEEN R. EL SAID, ANN ABRAHAM, HAROLD A. FLORES QUINTANA, and STEVEN M. PLAKAS. "Performance Assessment and Comparability of a Commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit with Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Chloramphenicol Residues in Crab and Shrimp." Journal of Food Protection 79, no. 1 (2016): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-380.
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ABSTRACTMonitoring for chloramphenicol (CAP) in aquaculture products is primarily performed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), which requires expensive equipment and specialized training. Many laboratories prefer to screen samples with facile and high-throughput enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for CAP residues before submitting samples for LC-MS/MS quantification and confirmation. We evaluated the performance of a Ridascreen (R-Biopharm) ELISA kit for CAP in spiked and incurred crab and shrimp muscle at levels bracketing the minimum required performance level for analysis (0.3 ng/g). The Ridascreen ELISA kit incorporates antibody directed against CAP. Incurred CAP levels in crab and shrimp muscle were verified using LC-MS/MS. We found good repeatability (relative standard deviation) of the ELISA in spiked and incurred crab and shrimp muscle samples, with values ranging from 6.8 to 21.7%. Recoveries of CAP from tissues spiked at 0.15 to 0.60 ng/g ranged from 102 to 107%. Minimal cross-reactivity with blank crab and shrimp muscle matrix components was observed. ELISA data were highly correlated with those of LC-MS/MS for CAP in incurred muscle tissue. We believe this study to be the first evaluation of the performance and comparability of a CAP ELISA kit and LC-MS/MS for determination of CAP residues, as well as their elimination, in crab muscle. Our findings support the use of this ELISA kit for screening purposes and, when used in conjunction with validated instrumental methods, for regulatory monitoring of CAP in these species.
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Pinto, Márcia, Silke Fernandes, Letícia Barros, et al. "Estimating the cost of congenital Zika syndrome to families and healthcare providers in Rio de Janeiro and Pernambuco, Brazil: results of a case-control study." Wellcome Open Research 6 (April 9, 2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16623.1.
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Background: Children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) have a wide range of additional healthcare needs. This study aimed to estimate the direct costs of CZS from the health provider and family perspectives, and the indirect costs for families, in two Brazilian states: Rio de Janeiro and Pernambuco. Methods: A case-control study was undertaken between May 2017-January 2018 recruiting 174 cases with severe CZS, 41 with mild/moderate CZS and 269 children with no CZS, across the two sites, from existing studies. The primary caregiver was interviewed using a structured questionnaire to collect information on healthcare use and costs incurred during the previous 12 months. In Rio de Janeiro, health care utilization data was also extracted from electronic medical records. We estimated direct and indirect costs incurred as a result of CZS from the perspective of the health system and families. Results: Children with CZS accessed more healthcare facilities and reported longer travel and waiting times than children unaffected by CZS. Total costs from the health provider perspective of outpatient visits, were highest for children with severe CZS (U$1,411) followed by children with mild/moderate CZS (U$264) and children without CZS (U$107). This pattern was apparent for direct costs incurred by families, while median indirect costs were low. Families of children with CZS reported high levels of catastrophic expenditures; Expenses incurred by families to meet their child’s needs as a proportion of household income was 30% (IQR=14%-67%, p<0.01) for children with severe CZS, 11% (IQR=4%-33%, p<0.01) for mild/moderate CZS, and 1% (IQR=0%-8%) for controls. Costs incurred by families were generally higher in Rio de Janeiro than Pernambuco. Conclusions: Families of children affected by CZS in Brazil may need additional public health resources and social benefits to protect them from incurring catastrophic expenses while meeting the needs of their children.
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Kamchedzera, Wala, Hendramoorthy Maheswaran, S. Bertie Squire, et al. "Economic costs of accessing tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic services in Malawi: an analysis of patient costs from a randomised controlled trial of computer-aided chest x-ray interpretation." Wellcome Open Research 6 (June 15, 2021): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16683.1.
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Background: Patients with tuberculosis (TB) symptoms in low-resource settings face convoluted diagnostic and treatment linkage pathways, incurring substantial health-seeking costs. In the context of a randomised trial looking at the impact of novel diagnostics such as computer-aided chest x-ray diagnosis (CAD4TB), we aimed to investigate the costs incurred by patients seeking TB diagnosis and whether optimised diagnostic interventions could result in a reduction in the cost faced by households. Methods: PROSPECT was a three-arm randomised trial conducted in a public primary health clinic in Blantyre, Malawi during 2018-2019 (trial arms: standard of care [SOC]; HIV testing [HIV]; HIV testing and CAD4TB [HIV/TB]). The direct and indirect costs incurred by 219 PROSPECT participants over the 56-day follow-up period were collected. Costs were deemed catastrophic if they exceeded 20% of annual household income. We compared mean costs and used generalised linear regression models to examine whether the interventions could result in a reduction in total costs. Results: The mean total cost incurred by all 219 participants was US$12.11 (standard error (SE): 1.86). The indirect and direct cost was US$8.47 (SE: 1.66) and US$3.64 (SE: 0.38), respectively. The mean total cost composed of 5.6% of the average annual household income. In total, 5% (9/180) of the participants with complete income data incurred catastrophic costs. Compared to SOC, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean total cost faced by those in the HIV (ratio: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.19) and HIV/TB arms (ratio: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.37). Conclusions: Despite the absence of user fees, patients seeking healthcare with TB symptoms incurred catastrophic costs. The optimised TB diagnostic interventions that were investigated in the PROSPECT study did not significantly reduce costs. TB diagnosis interventions should be implemented alongside social protection policies whilst ensuring healthcare facilities are accessible by the poor.
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Gowa, Joanne, and Raymond Hicks. "Commerce and Conflict: New Data about the Great War." British Journal of Political Science 47, no. 3 (2015): 653–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123415000289.
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The First World War is often cited as proof par excellence of the flaws in the liberal peace argument because the adversaries it engaged had been each other’s major pre-war trading partners. Although commonly assumed to have wreaked havoc on the trade of the states it engaged, the war’s impact on commerce has rarely been rigorously examined. Using an original dataset, this study shows that the Great War triggered substitution processes that reduced its trade-related costs. Although recourse to second-best alternatives always induces efficiency losses, the costs of adjustment were small relative to the other costs that states incurred during the war. The analysis shows that the Great War is not the egregious exception to the theory that conventional wisdom has long assumed it to be. At the same time, it makes clear that the deterrent power of trade varies inversely with belligerents’ ability to access the markets of alternative trading partners.
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Dewi, Siti Ratna Sari. "PERBANDINGAN SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH ADANYA “PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 46 TAHUN 2013” DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PAJAK PERUSAHAAN (STUDI KASUS PADA PT. DBL)." KEBERLANJUTAN 4, no. 2 (2019): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/keberlanjutan.v4i2.y2019.p1118-1143.
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AbstractThe purpose of this study is to find out how much the amount of tax issued and whether there is a difference in the amount of tax issued by the company before and after the existence of "PP Number 46 year, 2013 and the influence of the PP Number 46 year 2013" with corporate tax. The nature of this research is qualitative research with a comparative method and descriptive analysis with a case study approach method. Data collection techniques carried out in this study are through primary data, namely data obtained directly from data sources where the research was carried out and secondary data namely data obtained from literature and books that have to do with the problem under study. Through analysis of qualitative descriptive data and quantitative data analysis this research was conducted. And the results of the study show the amount of tax issued before the existence of PP number 46 of 2013 shows no tax payable, whereas after the issuance of the latest regulations the amount of tax incurred has increased. So there are differences in the amount of tax payments incurred due to the issuance of the latest regulations and the influence of the latest regulations on corporate taxes.
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Addou, Khadija Ichrak, and Afaf Bensghir. "Analysis of the determinants of bank liquidity risk: The case of Islamic banks in the UAE." SHS Web of Conferences 119 (2021): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111901008.
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This article aims to examine the principal parameters that impact the liquidity risk incurred by Islamic banks in the UAE. The study examines annual data from four Islamic banks in the UAE. The Data is extracted from their annual activity reports and financial results. A multiple linear regression model is used to assess the impact of six bank-specific variables (Return on Equity, return on assets, size of the bank, liquidity gaps, non-performing loans and capital adequacy ratio) on the liquidity risk of UAE Islamic banks. The designed model shows that ROA and NPL negatively impact the liquidity risk of the studied banks, while the other determinants, namely size, ROE, liquidity gaps and CAR contribute to the improvement of liquidity of UAE banks. Thus, our empirical results complement the existing studies related to the analysis of liquidity risk determinants incurred by Islamic banks operating in the MENA region, especially Emirati banks.
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Adawia, Popon Rabia, Aprilia Puspasari, Ayu Azizah, Asep Asep, and Dede Mustomi. "The Appropriate Calculation Cost of Goods Manufactured as Pricing Strategy for Small Sized Enterprises (SMEs)." Jurnal Perspektif 19, no. 1 (2021): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/jp.v19i1.9840.
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This research aims to identify all production costs incurred in production, to calculate the cost of goods manufactured correctly using the Process Costing Method and decision making for determining the selling price of shoes. The research was taken in one of small-sized enterprises shoe factory in East Karawang. The research method is descriptive comparative with a qualitative approach. The descriptive method is used to describe the production costs incurred in the production process including the raw materials costs, supporting materials costs, labor costs, and factory overhead costs. In this research, the data used are primary and secondary data. The COGM calculation results in show that there is variance calculation between company system and process costing method. It is due to calculations that companies do not identify production costs in detail, therefore the company’s COGM calculation is inaccurate. The COGM calculation appropriately can be the company’s strategy to determine the selling price. so that company profits can continue to increase.
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Ghose, Soheli, and Raman Kumar. "An Analysis of the Performance of General Insurance Companies in India." Asian Journal of Managerial Science 8, no. 1 (2019): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2019.8.1.1452.
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The General Insurance Industry in India is growing at a very rapid pace. This is an empirical research based on secondary data collected from Annual Reports and Pro-forma Schedules of IRDA. An Excel data Model was created to taken in the core figures of GWP, NEP, NP and others of 4 General Insurance Majors to calculate other relevant ratios as need for the analysis. The objectives of this study are to analyze a few General Insurance companies in India and core Ratios related to the Insurance Sector only and to comparatively analyse Retention ratio, Total Claims Incurred, Earned Incurred Loss Ratio, and Combined Ratio. The conclusion report has been framed on the basis of which company seems to be the best with respect to its Future Growth prospects, Risk prospects and the stability of its growing business. Out of the companies analyzed, TATA-AIG GENERAL INSURANCE has a good future prospect.
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Bello, Abdulafeez, Beauty Sangweni, Abdullah Mudi, Tholang Khumalo, Glenda Moonsamy, and Cecil Levy. "The Financial Cost Incurred by Families of Children on Long-Term Dialysis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 38, no. 1 (2018): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2017.00092.
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Background Costs of dialysis reported in countries where dialysis is government-funded are often those incurred by the state, and only a few take into account the financial burden to the family of the index patient. This study investigated the financial cost implication to families of pediatric patients on maintenance dialysis and how aid provided by the government alleviates their financial burden. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study recruited 24 children on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD), and a structured questionnaire was administered to the parents/caregivers of these patients to obtain information on their family size, total family income, cost of transportation, employment status of attending caregiver, and number of work days missed due to hospital visits. Results Complete data were available for 19 patients (7 on PD and 12 on HD). The mean age was 14 ± 6 years, and there were 11 males and 8 females. The average monthly income of the families recruited was 2,946 ZAR (261 USD). This amount included the contribution of a monthly state-provided social grant of 1,300 ZAR (115 USD) in 16/19 subjects. The average monthly expenditure of the HD and PD groups made up 27.1% and 4.9% of their average income. Conclusion Transport cost for our patients on dialysis significantly impacts on the overall family income, especially for patients on HD, and, without government aid, the families of our patients would have far less money available for their daily needs.
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Panelewen, Freddy Huibert Jacob, Wenny Tilaar, and Jolanda Kitsia Juliana Kalangi. "ANALISIS PERMODALAN DAN KEUNTUNGAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH PADA RUMAH MAKAN (STUDI KASUS) DI KOTA MANADO." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 16, no. 2 (2020): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.16.2.2020.29599.
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This study aims to analyze business management based on business methods and the effect of capital on the profits of MSME restaurants. This research was conducted in March to June 2019 in Manado City, North Sulawesi Province. The selection of respondents is done deliberately (purposive sampling). Primary data collection was carried out by interviewing 50 SME restaurant business owners. Secondary data were obtained from related agencies and journal articles. The analysis is carried out by analyzing the capital management of the profits of the restaurant business (business method of business) per year and analyzing the effect of capital on profits affected by costs and revenues (using SPSS Ver.22). The results showed that the capital and wealth per year, the smallest amounted to Rp 200,000.- and the highest capital and wealth Rp 107,100,000. While the average capital and wealth of micro and small restaurant businesses is Rp.10,862,360.- per year. Costs incurred per year, the lowest amounted to Rp. 800,000.- and costs incurred the highest Rp. 161,920,000. While the average annual costs incurred by micro small and medium restaurant businesses are Rp. 31,897,600. - The lowest receipts received were Rp. 24,675,000. - and the highest received receipts were Rp. 33,000,000,000. - While the average annual revenue received by micro and small restaurant restaurants was Rp. 1,463,471,300, - Profits obtained per year, the lowest is Rp. 60,300,000. - and the highest profit is Rp. 6,000,000,000. 800, - The calculation results from the data collected produce Regression Equation Y = 863,536.6,537 + 5,011X1 + 3,690X2 + 0,146X3. This states that the hypothesis is accepted that capital and wealth, costs and revenues have a very significant effect on profits (confidence level of 99%).*eprm*
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Anaman, Kwabena Asomanin, and Gbensuglo Alidu Bukari. "Voter Turnouts in Presidential Elections in Ghana: A Political Economy Analysis Using District-Level Data." Applied Economics and Finance 8, no. 1 (2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v8i1.5083.
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During the Fourth Republican electioneering era in Ghana, starting in November 1992, presidential elections are conducted every four years. The 2000 and 2012 elections closely coincided with the national population censuses of 2000 and 2010, respectively. We constructed meso-level models, based on the concept of “average district voter”, to analyse factors influencing voter turnout rates. The results of the analysis indicated that voting was a normal good based on the estimated inelastic price and income elasticities of demand for this good. As expected, the cost of voting incurred by an individual negatively influenced turnout. The other significant negative factors influencing turnout rates included increasing male/female sex ratio (gender), increasing age-based dependency ratio (poverty burden), and disability.
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Onyedum, Cajetan Chigozie, Olufemi Olumuyiwa Desalu, Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja, Chinwe Chukwuka, Nnamdi Ikechukwu Nwosu, and Chijioke Ezeudo. "Out-of-Pocket Costs of Asthma Follow-Up Care in Adults in a Sub-Saharan African Country." Journal of Respiratory Medicine 2014 (March 31, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/768378.
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Asthma care imposes economic burden on affected patients. Patient costs for asthma care have not been documented in Africa. We aimed to determine the out-of-pocket cost of asthma follow-up care incurred by patients in Nigeria. We conducted a cross-sectional study in three tertiary hospitals in southeastern and northwestern Nigeria. Poorly controlled asthma patients attending a follow-up visit in the respiratory clinic of the hospitals were surveyed. Sociodemographic, health-seeking behavior, and cost data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Of the 110 patients who completed the study, 56 (51%) were females. Also, 72 (65%) of the patients had known about their asthma illness for more than four years. Mean annual direct cost of asthma care was US$368.4 (±228) per patient. Medication cost accounted for the majority (87%) of this cost. Patient costs of care incurred did not differ significantly across age (P = 0.15), education (P = 0.23), marital status (0.49), residence (P = 0.47), or gender (P = 0.65) categories. We conclude that direct cost of care was found to be substantial among poorly controlled asthma patients. Further studies to estimate the costs incurred by patients with exacerbation and differing severity of the disease should be conducted.