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1
Cruvelier, Emmanuel. "Les indemnités en droit fiscal." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10016.
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Les indemnités ont une place importante dans la vie juridique, en raison de leur place dans le monde contractuel. Si leur régime juridique est généralement connu, leur régime fiscal est plus difficile à appréhender mais présente l' intérêt de permettre de distinguer les notions d' indemnité et de dommages-intérêts. L' auteur procède, en premier lieu, à la description du traitement fiscal des diverses indemnités puis, dans un second lieu, à une synthèse de ce traitement fiscal, lequel conduit à dégager une définition de la notion fiscale de l' indemnité, puis de présenter la logique qui préside à la fiscalisation des indemnitésThe indemnities have an important place in the juridical life, in reason of their play in the contract world. If their legal treatment is generally known, their taxation is more difficult to understand, but it presents the interest to permit to distinguish the notions of "indemnities" and "damages". The author proceeds, in first time, to a description of the fiscal treatment of the different indemnities then, in a second time, to a synthesis of this treatment, which permits him to announce a definition of the fiscal notion of indemnity, then to present the logic which presides to the taxation of indemnities
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Constantin-Vallet, Charles. "Les indemnités de fin de contrat." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D066.
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Les indemnités de fin de contrat, qu’elles résultent de la loi ou de la volonté contractuelle, sont nombreuses et variées et malgré leur importance pratique aucune étude d’ensemble ne leur avait été consacrée en droit privé. Cette thèse se propose de les étudier conjointement pour en dresser une typologie et en déterminer le régime juridique. La première partie traite de la variété des indemnités, qu’elles soient légales (VRP, agents commerciaux, gérants-mandataires, bail commercial ou rural) ou conventionnelles (indemnité d’anéantissement unilatéral ou de dédit). Il est démontré que l’indemnité de fin de contrat représente le prix d’une liberté contractuelle retrouvée permettant la sauvegarde de l’équilibre économique du contrat. Les contreparties sont en revanche différentes. Elles constituent un encadrement du droit d’anéantir le contrat unilatéralement ou offrent le droit de se dédire, c’est-à-dire de ne pas exécuter le contrat en tout ou partie. La seconde partie est consacrée au régime juridique des indemnités. Il en résulte une liberté contractuelle orientée in melius au profit du créancier de l’indemnité légale. Ainsi que le constat d’un contrôle judiciaire insuffisant s’agissant des indemnités conventionnelles. Ce faisant, il est proposé des modifications législatives tant concernant les indemnités légales par l’octroi d’une indemnité de fin de contrat au profit des distributeurs-revendeurs, que s’agissant des indemnités conventionnelles par la consécration explicite de la validité du dédit conventionnel ainsi que l’élaboration d’un contrôle judiciaire du montant des indemnités conventionnelles excessives sur le modèle de la clause pénaleTermination benefits, whether as a result of the law or the contractual will, are numerous and varied and despite their practical importance no comprehensive study had been dedicated to this topic in private law. This thesis proposes to study them jointly to establish a typology and to determine the legal regime. The first part deals with the variety of allowances, whether they are legal or conventional. It is shown that the termination benefit represents the price of a restored contractual freedom with a view to securing a fair balance of interests. The counterparties are, on the other hand, different. They provide a legal framework for the right to annihilate the contract unilaterally or offer the right to withdraw, that is to say, not to execute the contract in whole or in part. The second part is devoted to the legal system of allowances. The result is a contractual freedom directed in melius to the benefit of the creditor of the legal indemnity. As well as the finding of insufficient judicial review in respect of conventional allowances. In this regard, legislative amendments are proposed, both with regard to statutory allowances by granting a termination payment to reseller distributors, as well as conventional allowances by the legal consecration of the validity of conventional withdrawal as well as the development of a judicial review of the amount of excessive conventional allowances, built on the model of the penalty clause
3
Faria, Vivien de. "L'altération des conditions marchandes d'entretien de la population : de la forme salariale à la détermination socialisée des rémunérations : le cas des agents de la fonction publique d'Etat en France aux 19ème et 20ème siècles." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10052.
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Le développement historique du salariat s'articule paradoxalement à une contestation de la forme marchande dans la reproduction de la force de travail. Cette contradiction se singularise par l'essor des formes socialisées de rémunération (prestations sociales) et par l'incorporation croissante de services collectifs non-marchands (éducation) dans l'entretien de la force de travail. Dans un premier temps, cette thèse vise à saisir ce processus contradictoire à partir de l'hypothèse de l'altération des conditions marchandes d'entretien de la population. Cette hypothèse utilise utilise deux logiques d'entretien de la population : la logique capitaliste et la logique de développement des hommes. Subordonnée, cette dernière logique renouvelle le fonctionnement capitaliste en corrigeant ses contradictions. Leur relation dialectique introduit, d'une part, les cycles longs salariaux (réversibilité) et, d'autre part, les phases d'évolution des conditions d'entretien de la population (irréversibilité). Dans un second temps, la vérification empirique s'appuie sur des séries statistiques de long terme construites selon la méthode de l'histoire quantitative. Ces séries concernent les dépenses versées aux fonctionnaires d'Etat en France, de 1820 à 2000.
4
Haddouch, Yamina. "Les effets des indemnités de chomage sur l'emploi (cas de la France)." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF1A004.
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Haddouch, Yamina. "Les effets des indemnités de chomage sur l'emploi (cas de la France)." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF10038.
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Gaschet, René. "Vers un management socio economique des collectivites locales ? - obstacles et realites - cas des villes moyennes." Lyon 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO22004.
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Cette these, dans sa premiere partie, etudie les conditions de fonctionnement des collectivites locales en france. Elle examine les comparaisons possibles avec les entreprises et les specificites propres aux collectivites locales; il est procede ensuite a une analyse des lois qui les regissent et des elements qui encadrent le statut de la fonction publique territoriale. Cette etude permet de situer le fonctionnement interne des collectivites au travers des structures existantes et des contraintes qui leur sont propres. La premiere partie s'acheve par une presentation de la comptabilite avec l'instruction mi2 applicable jusqu'a fin 1996 et les nouvelles modalites de l'instruction mi4 depuis 1997 pour les collectivites locales. La deuxieme partie etudie le fonctionnement interne des collectivites locales et le management qui leur est applique. Au travers des conditions de travail, de la gestion du personnel, de la communication et de la concertation, il est possible d'apprehender un certain nombre de dysfonctionnements qui existent, entrainant des couts caches. L'examen des possibilites offertes par la nouvelle comptabilite pour la maitrise des couts des services, et celui d'une application du regime indemnitaire favorisant une plus grande participation des salaries a la gestion des collectivites donnent des orientations pour transformer leur management. L'application possible dela plupart des outils du management socio-economique est envisagee en indiquant les apports qui en resulteraient pour un meilleur fonctionnement de ces collectivites. Cependant, des obstacles sont a lever au travers d'un assouplissement des regles statutaires et par la possibilite d'une plus grande liberte dans l'octroi des primes et du regime indemnitaire permettant une reelle application du principe constitutionnel de la libre gestion des personnels des collectivites locales par les maires et les elus. Cette recherche montre qu'une gestion plus participative est possible dans les collectivites et que les outils du management socio-economique peuvent contribuer efficacement a cette evolutionThis dissertation studies, in the first part, the acting of french local administration. It examines possible comparisons that can be drive between companies and specific local administrations; the differents laws which govern local administrations and organisational structures which regulate the statutory charter legal game of french town and country planning bodies are thouroughly analysed. This study allows to better understand their internal functioning thanks to a review of the various existing structures and their related constraints. The first part ends with the presentation of the accountring system in application of the mi2 instruction taking effects as to the end of 1996 and with the new modes of enforcement of the mi4 instruction taking effect as from 1997 in the town organizations. The second part studies the internal running and the implemented management. By considering working conditions, staff communication and cooperation management, it is more possible to detect a certain number of existing dysfunctions which entail hidden coasts. Surveying the opportunities given by the new accounting system which passes on the coast analysis of services, and also. The enforcement of the bonus sheme which allows a wider employees participation in the management, gives a few guidelines helping to transform the management of town institutions. The future implantation of most of the socio-economic management tools is envisaged with its likely contributions to a better management of such organisations. However it is necessary, not only to raise the institutional hurdles by modifying the statutory frames and the granting bonuses more freely by way of the legal bonus sheme, but also to effectively apply the constitutional principe which endows majors and the elected representatives with the freedom to manage the town and planning organisation staff. This research shows that a more participative management can be implemented in town and country planning organizations and that socio-economic management tools can efficiently contribute to such evolution
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Chameroy, Jérémie. "La monnaie et les sites militaires sous les Valentiniens : étude de la dispersion des émissions monétaires dans ses rapports avec l'armée romaine (364-378)." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040283.
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L´étude de la dispersion des émissions monétaires d´or, d´argent et de bronze des années 364-378 dans les provinces nord-occidentales de l´Empire romain permet non seulement de dresser un tableau des fortifications aux frontières et dans l´hinterland sous les Valentiniens, mais aussi de s´interroger sur la place occupée par l´armée dans les dépenses de l´Etat romain. L´identification d´émissions spécialement distribuées aux soldats est démontrée pour plusieurs frappes de bronze et d´argent qu´on retrouve aujourd´hui principalement sur des sites militaires, mais elle demeure plus difficile pour l´or. Une fois passée l´émission d´avènement, largement distribuée aux troupes, la dispersion des frappes d´or semble en effet contrôlée par les services financiers de l´empereur et atteindre particulièrement les officiers militaires et civils de son entourage. On a ici un reflet de l´écart séparant l´armée d´élite accompagnant l´empereur des armées régionales et frontalières, dans la mesure où ces dernières bénéficient moins souvent et à un autre degré des largesses impérialesThe study of the dispersion of gold, silver and bronze coin emissions of the years 364-378 in the North-West provinces of the Empire gives a clear charts of the frontier fortifications under the Valentinianic emperors. It allows us to question which place the Roman army took in the budget of the Empire. That some bronze and silver issues were specially coined for the soldiers is proved for certain emissions which have been found in great quantity on military sites. The gold coins follow another way of distribution. After the wide distribution of the first gold issue to the troops, the dispersion of the next gold issues seems to stay under control of the emperor and his court. The solidi are found mostly where the emperor and his comitatus are, so that this could reflect the cleavage between the elite army who accompanies the imperator and the regional and frontier soldiers. Regional and frontier armies could not enjoy the imperial largitas so often as the soldiers of the imperial guard
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Lamboni, Koanka. "Essai d'analyse et de réflexion sur le système des rémunérations accessoires dans la fonction publique étatique française." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT3009.
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Les remunerations accessoires presentent des aspects institutionnels et fonctionnels. Sous le premier angle, leur nature et les regles qui leur sont applicables sont tres diversifiees; pour ce qui concerne leur nature, elles sont soit d'origine legislative, soit d'oorigine reglementaire et se repartissent principalement en deux grandes categories: obligatoires et facultatives. Sous le second aspect, elles apportent la souplesse necessaire a la rigidite du systeme de la remuneration de base. Grace a leur souplesse, elles arrivent ainsi a redynamiser et a humaniser la fonction publique tributaire des normes generales. Toutefois, le systeme fonctionne mal. Les causes de son dysfonctionnement sont le subjectivisme et la non-transparence du systeme qui engendrent deux consequences, a savoir, le desordre et la discrimination dans le systeme de la remuneration publique. Ce qui justifie des reformes dont la mise en application risque d'etre difficile, en raison de certaines pesanteurs d'ordre professionnel, syndical, voire politiqueIncidental payments present some institutional and functional sides. To begin with, their nature and the rules applied to them are very diverse. As far as their nature is concerned, they are either from a legislative or statutory origin and are divided chiefly into two big categories : compulsary and optional secondly, they offer the flexibility necessary to the struct system of standard payment. Thanks to their flexibility, they then succeed in repotentiating and humanizing the civil service which depends on general rules. However, the system functions badly. The causes of this malfunction are due to subjectivism and the absence of clavity in the system which in turn creates two consequences : disosder and discrimination in the public payment system. This justifies the reforms whose implementation has a chance of being difficult because of certain factors, in order professionnal, trade-union, and politic
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Davadie, Axelle. "NIKΗΣ ou de la victoire sportive. Récompenses et vainqueurs en Grèce ancienne (du VIIIe s. à 146 av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040140.
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Ce travail a interrogé les relations entre la victoire, la récompense et le vainqueur, dans les concours sportifs, en Grèce ancienne, du VIIIe s. av. J.-C. jusqu’à la prise de Corinthe par Mummius. Durant tous ces siècles, les concours, les récompenses et la place du vainqueur dans la cité ont connu des évolutions. Outre l’augmentation du nombre de rencontres et la constitution de la période, les récompenses ont aussi varié tant dans leur nature que dans leur signification. Nous avons étudié les rapports entre les trois termes de notre sujet selon trois perspectives : établir la victoire pour proclamer le vainqueur. Différents moyens sont alors lentement expérimentés, de la constitution d’un jury à l’équipement des lieux et à l’autopsis de la victoire, en passant par l’ouverture de nouvelles épreuves et catégories, tant humaines qu’animales. Puis comment la récompense et sa remise transforment l’athlète vainqueur sur le lieu même de son succès. A la cérémonie de proclamation et de couronnement dans le sanctuaire succèdent, dans un temps plus ou moins long, la mise en image et en mots. La victoire acquise et affirmée, la récompense reçue lui confèrent alors un statut nouveau et peuvent donner lieu à un enrichissement personnel. Dans une troisième partie nous avons analysé la relation entre l’athlète vainqueur et la cité de ses pères, selon trois axes : le premier met en évidence la rivalité entre certaines cités pour obtenir la gloire d’une proclamation. Le retour de l’athlète donne lieu à des cérémonies variées selon qu’elles sont familiales ou civiques. Enfin, nous avons confronté l’image négative transmise par certaines de nos sources à la carrière de quelques vainqueursThis PhD assessed the relations between victory, reward and victor in sport contests, both athletics and equestrianism, in Ancient Greece, from the 8.th century B.C. to the seizure of Corinth by Mummius. During all these centuries, increasing numbers of contests and rewards developed modifying the victor’s position in the city. By the way, cities organizing new contests, the « periodos » was established (the circuit of the Big Four Contests,) and the kind of rewards moved on the one hand to crowns and on the other to prizes. At the same time, the meaning of reward changed. We first examined the links between the three terms from three standpoints : first, reward and victor mean that victory in a contest is publicly set. Various means have been slowly tested to assert it, from building up the jury to sports facilities and victory autopsis, including new age groups or events, for humans as well as animals. Then we studied how reward and prize-giving change the athlete’s position on the spot of his victory. After he has been proclaimed and crowned in the sanctuary of the contests, the victor might publicly be praised or portrayed, even later on. Victory and reward gained give him a new position and could make him richer
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Forest, Virginie. "Nouvelle gestion publique et comportements au travail : l'exemple des médecins de la fonction publique hospitalière." Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/forest_v.
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Les réformes développées depuis près de trente ans au sein de la sphère publique reposent sur le constat partagé d'un manque au moins partiel d'efficacité de l'Etat, tant dans son organisation, dite bureaucratique, que dans ses actions jugées inadaptées aux besoins des usagers. Régulièrement contestée dans ses objectifs, ses méthodes mais aussi dans ses résultats, la puissance publique fait l'objet, depuis, d'une véritable "crise de légitimité", rendant nécessaire une "modernisation" de l'ensemble de son organisation et de son fonctionnement. L'introduction récente de modes de rémunération fondés sur les performances individuelles dans la Fonction Publique Hospitalière (FPH) témoigne de cette volonté de réformer les pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines déployées jusqu'alors. L'objet de cette thèse est de questionner les fondements de ce processus d'individualisation des rémunérations, lequel repose, au plan théorique, sur les principes de la Nouvelle Gestion Publique. Notre approche vise à montrer que la structuration des emplois importe au moins autant, sinon plus, que l'introduction de rémunérations à la performance comme outil de gestion de la motivation et de la satisfaction des médecins de la FPH. Au-delà, nous montrons que la rémunération à la performance est susceptible d'entrer en contradiction avec les déterminants intrinsèques de la motivation et de la satisfaction au travail des médecins hospitaliers, déterminants en réalité largement influencés par les caractéristiques de leurs emplois. Nous proposons un modèle de recherche que nous validons au terme d'une enquête menée auprès d'un échantillon de 2 502 médecins de la FPHThe public management reforms that have been under way over the past thirty years are based on the widely held belief that the welfare state is at least partially lacking in efficiency, both in its so-called bureaucratic organization and in its actions, which are considered to be unsuited to the user’s needs. Regularly disputed in its objectives, its methods but also in its results, the Civil Service is since subjected to a “crisis of legitimacy” which makes necessary an overall modernization of its organization and its way of operating. The recent introduction of PRP (Performance-Related Pay) in the public service hospital reflects the wish to reform human resources management practices carried out until now. The aim of this thesis is to question the foundation of this individualization of remunerations which are based, on a theoretical point of view, on the principles of the New Public Management. Our approach aims to show that work design is at least as important, and perhaps more, than the introduction of PRP as a mean to manage motivation and satisfaction of hospital doctors. Beyond, we show that PRP could contradict the intrinsic determinants of motivation and job satisfaction of the hospital doctors, which are, in reality, widely affected by the characteristic of their job. We propose a research model that we then validate on a sample of 2 502 hospital doctors
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Padiou, Nicolas. "Dispersi sunt lapides sanctuarii : la reconstruction des églises de Meurthe-et-Moselle après la Première Guerre Mondiale (1918-1933)." Paris, EPHE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EPHE4027.
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Après la séparation des Eglises et de l'Etat (1905), les communes françaises n'étaient plus autorisées à financer la construction de nouvelles églises ou à assumer les grosses réparations des églises qui leur appartenaient déjà. Face aux critiques des catholiques, l'Etat a classé de nombreuses églises comme monuments historiques pendants les années 1905-1914, permettant ainsi aux communes de les entretenir pour des raisons patrimoniales et plus culturelles. Investies d'une forte dimension nationale, les églises ont joué un rôle très important dans la propagande de guerre des différents pays belligérants en 1914-1918. Contrairement à ce qu'affirmait la propagande française, les églises ne semblent pas avoir fait l'objet d'un acharnement particulier de la part des armées allemandes. A l'issue du conflit, l'Etat français a mis en place un système d'indemnisation des dommages de guerre très complexe. Pour compléter ce système, le chanoine Emile Thouvenin a fondé en 1919, une coopérative de reconstruction dans chaque commune détruite du département de Meurthe-et-Moselle. Avec l'appui de la préfecture, il a créé, en 1921, une coopérative vouée à la reconstruction des églises du diocèse de Nancy; Cette coopérative oeuvre souvent en marge de la loi de séparation des Eglises et de l'Etat et de la loi sur les dommages de guerre. L'initiative du chanoine Thouvenin n'avait cependant pas pour but de contourner la législation en vigueur: il s'agissait surtout d'accélerer le processus d'indemnisation des dommages et d'approbation des projets de reconstruction des églises. L'implication des autorités officielles dans la reconstruction des églises avait par ailleurs l'avantage de rendre à l'Eglise une partie de son rôle d'instituion officielle. Lors des cérémonies de consécration des églises reconstruites, les élites civiles et religieuses de Meurthe-et-Moselle se sont constamment attachées à perpétuer l'esprit de l'Union sacrée, même pendant le Cartel des Gauches (1924-1925) marqué par un regain d'anticléricalisme. Par ailleurs, le chanoine Thouvenin s'est plus intéressé aux aspects: certaines d'entre elles sont des copies conformes des édifices néo-romans ou néogothiques d'avant-guerre, d'autres apparaissent résolument modernes
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Di, Marco Antonio Calogero. "Les limites à l'autonomie procédurale des Etats sur le recours en indemnité." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA039.
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Cette étude analyse l'ensemble des limites à l'autonomie procédurale des États membres en matière de recours en indemnité ; la recherche est articulée en deux parties, avec une partie préliminaire, et une partie finale.La partie préliminaire est consacrée à l’analyse de la notion d'autonomie procédurale et du droit à l’indemnisation, et elle se compose de deux chapitres, chacun divisés en deux sections. Le premier chapitre est consacré aux limites générales que le droit de l’UE pose à la compétence étatique en matière de procédure, et il essaye de mettre en évidence les différences et les similitudes entre le droit international et droit de l’Union européenne. Le deuxième chapitre de la partie introductive, au contraire, a pour objet l’analyse du droit à indemnisation, et notamment on montre comment en vue d’assurer la protection effective et efficace de ce droit au niveau national, a progressivement été mis en place un processus de limitation de la souveraineté de l’État dans le domaine de la procédure ; ce chapitre essaye aussi de mettre en évidence les différences et les similitudes entre droit international et droit de l’Union européenne.La première partie, au lieu, est consacrée à la signification du qualificatif « statique » du recours en indemnité, car on prend en analyse les limites sur les règles de procédure qui régissent le régime juridique du droit à indemnisation et les conditions de mise en œuvre; elle se compose de deux titres, chacun divisés en deux chapitre, consacrés à l’analyse des limites substantielles et de procédure que le droit de l’UE pose à la compétence nationale à régler le recours en indemnité. Le premier titre de la première partie de cette recherche, dédiée aux limites substantielles, se compose de deux chapitres. Le première chapitre est consacré à la reconstruction des limites aux règles de procédure que représentent les conditions d’imputabilité de la violation à l’État ; en particulier, on prend en compte le grand nombre de cas qui ont donné lieu à des problèmes de cohérence entre les systèmes nationaux de procédure à cause d’une réglementation différente, et souvent contradictoire avec l’élément subjectif de la violation ; plus spécifiquement, on met en place une analyse de la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice qui a donné lieu à la formation prétorienne de nouveaux dispositifs de procédure concernant la responsabilité non contractuelle de l’État-législateur, de l’État administrateur et de l’État-juge. Le deuxième chapitre du premier titre, quant à lui, est consacré aux limites des règles de procédure qui régissent les conditions de mise en œuvre de la responsabilité non contractuelle, c’est-à dire celles qui définissent l’élément objectif de la violation ; plus spécifiquement, on prend en analyse la jurisprudence qui concerne les conflits entre les normes de procédure nationales et les trois conditions qu’il faut réunir pour obtenir l’indemnisation, à savoir : que la règle du droit de l’Union violée ait pour objet de conférer des droits aux particuliers; que la violation de cette règle soit suffisamment caractérisée et qu’il existe un lien de causalité direct entre cette violation et le préjudice subi par les particuliers.[...]This work analyses the limits that the principle of State liability for damages suffered by individuals because of breach of EU law poses to the procedural autonomy of the Member States of the EU; at the same time, the work provides a concept of procedural autonomy capable of showing its own constitutive limits. The research is divided into two parts, preceded by an introductory part.The introductory part of this work is dedicated to the general character of the limitations EU law poses to the State’s competence in matters of procedure/procedural matters. Specifically, it analyzes the process by which the Court of justice and national courts consider the incompatibility of national rules of procedure with the european law; in addition, it highlights the specific conjugation of these limits in the matter of compensation of damages.The first part of the research, instead, focuses on the specific limits that european law poses on the rules of procedure relating to the legal regime of the right to compensation and its operating conditions; in particular, this first part explores respectively the “substantive” and “procedural” limits that EU law poses to the State’s autonomy to regulate actions for damages for breaches of EU law. The substantial limits, which are the object of the first chapter of the first part of this work, concern the conditions of eligibility of liability and to the constitutive conditions of the right to compensation; in particular, these are the limits that the european law pose on national rules of procedure governing the subjective and objective elements of the breach of EU law. Firstly, I analyse the judgments of the Court of justice that gave rise to the formation of procedural provisions related to the eligibility of breaches of EU law by the State-legislator, the State-administrator and the State-judge. Secondly, I derive the set of procedural requirements that national courts have to apply for verifying the existence of a breach of EU law, and especially to verify the existence of the three conditions that have to be met for conferring right to reparation: the infringed rule has to be intended to confer rights on individuals; the breach has to be sufficiently serious; a direct causal link between the breach of the obligation resting on the state and the damage sustained by the injured parties has to be present. The procedural limits to the action for damages, to which the second chapter of the first part of this work is dedicated, refer to the concrete organization and characteristics of the judicial action. I explore here the requirements and common rules that have gradually replaced numerous internal procedure provisions. These are related in particular to the identification of the best forum and the powers ofjurisdiction, as well as to the different aspects of the trial and of its organization, with specific reference to areas affected by substantial EU law. This chapter, therefore, reconstructs the rules related to the identification of the competent jurisdiction and to the power that jurisdiction has to enjoy in order to protect and enforce the european law, focusing on the case of a Member State sued in front of a Court of another Member state; in addition I explore the organization strictu sensu of action of damages, I concentrate on class actions, on the classic theme of limitation periods and decadence and, moreover, on rules concerning evidences.[..]
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Zinini, M'Hammed. "Politique sociale et crise." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF10104.
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La polémique sur les effets de la politique sociale nous a conduit à apprécier le point de vue de deux courants de pensée économique. Les économistes libéraux considèrent que la croissance du social entrave le fonctionnement social et économique de la société. Le remède aux maux actuels serait, d’après eux, de revenir aux grands principes du libéralisme. Les défenseurs de la demande globale considèrent le « plus de social » comme un garde-fou anti cyclique et un support de la paix économique et sociale. Il doit donc être consolidé et maintenu. Une étude empirique, en termes d’évolution et en termes économétriques, appliquée à la France, à la Suède et aux Etats-Unis sur la période 1976-1986 nous a permis de vérifier le bien fondé de ces deux conceptions.
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Duveau, Juliette. "Les primes dans la fonction publique : entre incitation et complément de traitement." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132190.
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On constate des évolutions importantes dans la détermination des rémunérations des fonctionnaires : l'introduction des primes au mérite et le développement des régimes indemnitaires. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous montrons que les primes au mérite s'inscrivent dans un processus plus vaste de modernisation de la fonction publique - caractérisé par l'adoption de principes issus du management privé - et permettent alors en principe d'accompagner la mise en place d'une culture de résultat. Dans une seconde partie, à partir d'études empiriques, nous montrons que les principes de détermination des primes sont très différents des principes affichés ; les primes ne sont que peu différenciées en fonction du mérite des agents. Nous expliquons alors le développement des primes au regard des insuffisances de la grille indiciaire : cette dernière éprouve quelques difficultés à maintenir le pouvoir d'achat des agents de la fonction publique ainsi qu'à prendre en compte les nouvelles qualifications au travail.
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Kuhling, John. "The effects of optional units on crop insurance indemnity payments." Thesis, Montana State University, 2002. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2002/kuhling/KuhlingJ2002.pdf.
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The federal government supports numerous agricultural programs including Multiple Peril Crop Insurance (MPCI). Currently, the Risk Management Agency of the United States Department of Agriculture is legally required to determine actuarially sound premiums for MPCI. A variety of producer and production characteristics affect expected MPCI indemnity payments and thereby actuarially sound premiums. Qualifying producers may choose to split their cropland into "optional units." For the purposes of calculating crop insurance indemnity payments, the Risk Management Agency considers each optional unit a separate insurance contract. This thesis investigates whether the number of optional units a farmer is eligible to insure affects expected per acre indemnity payments. Using regression analysis and Monte Carlo simulations, this thesis statistically tests whether the number of optional units insured, separately or consolidated into a single parcel, affects expected indemnities per acre. The predictions are that the number of optional units insured separately does not affect expected indemnities per acre and that the number of optional units consolidated into a single parcel does affect expected per acre indemnities. This thesis finds a per acre premium decrease for farmers who insure available optional units as a single parcel and that the decrease in the premium be positively related to the number of optional units consolidated. In addition, this thesis finds the RMA's practice of increasing per acre premiums for farmers who separately insure two or more optional units versus the premium per acre for farmers who insure a single optional unit.
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Liu, Riyao. "The assured's remedies for late payment in indemnity insurance claims." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/23750.
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It is well known that in English law the indemnity insurers stand in a better position than the assureds and this is especially true when a claim is delayed: in that scenario, the insurer is neither liable for the damage caused by the late payment, nor for the compound interest. In Sprung v. Royal Insurance ([1999] 1 Lloyd's Rep IR 111) this unfair situation was justified by the Court of Appeal, naturally, it brought an opportunity for the Law Commission to reconsider the law. Recently, the new Insurance Act 2015 has been enacted and subsequently amended by the Enterprise Act 2016 in regards to the insurer’s obligation to make a timely payment; however, the legal effect of the new legislation is unknown due to the lack of binding precedents. In this work, the duty of the indemnity insurer shall be discussed in full and this work will try to make a contribution to the interpretation of the new legislation regarding to the obligation of the insurer and remedies for the assured.
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Cooper, Simon. "Rectification and indemnity in the Cayman Islands land registration system." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433140.
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Noussia, Kyriaki-Pipitsa. "The 'principle of indemnity' in marine insurance contracts : a comparative study." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402236.
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Haddouch, Yamina. "Les Effets des indemnités de chômage sur l'emploi cas de la France." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598090s.
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Epiard, Ludivine. "Le retour des demandeurs d'emploi indemnisés sur le marché du travail : la voie des politiques d'incitation." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT4018.
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La constitutionnalisation du droit au travail a permis la reconnaissance de la responsabilité de l'État envers les personnes sans emploi, et donné un fondement au système d'indemnisation du chômage. Mais, en 1958 avec le premier régime d'assurance chômage obligatoire, cette responsabilité a été transférée en partie vers les partenaires sociaux. Cependant, dès les années 80, le régime a fait l'objet de critiques portant sur ses effets désincitatifs au retour à l'emploi. Sous l'influence de l'OCDE et de l'UE prônant une activation des dépenses passives de l'assurance chômage, le régime français d'assurance chômage a progressivement été réformé et l'aide au retour l'emploi est devenue une mission fondamentale. Cette mutation a entraîné au sein du droit du chômage, la pénétration d'une logique de contrepartie et la mise en exergue du devoir de travailler. Comme le démontrent les textes conventionnels et légaux, elle a engendré une responsabilisation des chômeurs indemnisés face au risque chômage. Conformément aux expériences menées dans certains pays de l'UE, cela s'est notamment traduit par une obligation implicite de moyens portant sur le retour vers l'emploi, comme l'illustrent le durcissement des conditions légales d'indemnisation, la contractualisation des liens unissant les chômeurs au service public de l'emploi ou les mesures de reclassement destinées à mettre en adéquation l'offre et la demande d'emploi. Cette réforme de l'assurance chômage soulève par conséquent diverses questions d'ordre juridique, relatives à l'impact de la politique d'incitation au retour à l'emploi, tant sur le régime d'assurance chômage que sur le statut des demandeurs d'emploi indemnisés.
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Nguyen, Minh B. "The undermining of the indemnity principle : a plea for a return to basics and the rediscovery of full indemnity in insurance law : a case study of Vietnam." Thesis, Bangor University, 2013. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-undermining-of-the-indemnity-principle--a-plea-for-a-return-to-basics-and-the-rediscovery-of-full-indemnity-in-insurance-law--a-case-study-of-vietnam(cc53cc8c-d85f-4363-8467-7effd1549406).html.
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Poitras, Louise. "L'évolution des conditions de travail des députés d'arrière-ban de l'assemblée législative de la province de Québec entre 1867 et 1936." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29165.
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Arizon, Felipe de. "The enforceability of the letter of indemnity in the context of shipping." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539297.
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The letter of indemnity has become a very common tool used by shipowners, sellers, buyers and their bankers. Shippers, receivers and carriers are usually motivated to use a letter of indemnity by their desire to fulfil their contractual obligations. Nowadays, the type of letter of indemnity most frequently used is that used to collect cargo without the production of a bill of lading. This practice is in violation of the presentation rule but enables buyers to collect goods at the port of destination without incurring demurrage and other costs at that port. Other typical situations in which letters of indemnity are commonly used include where a letter of indemnity is offered to the carrier in exchange for a clean bill of lading, and where a letter of indemnity is offered to the carrier in order for the carrier to change the destination of the goods carried by sea after a bill of lading has been issued. Letters of indemnity are often used by sellers, buyers, carriers and banks in ignorance of the relevant legal principles and the legal risks they are taking. This is not entirely surprising since the legal implications of the use of the letter of indemnity are still being explored. Sometimes, the enforceability of the letter of indemnity is questioned by shipping operators. At other times, making use of letters of indemnity brings unexpected results. The use of letters of indemnity is closely linked to the use of the bill of lading in the context of shipping and international trade. While the bill of lading remains an essential document for international trade and finance of goods, its functions often impose restrictions on and cause complications for sellers, buyers, carriers and banks, which force them to utilize alternative methods to perform their contractual obligations. The aim of this thesis is, therefore, to explore thoroughly the implications of the letter of indemnity for all parties involved in shipping. This exploration will demonstrate that letters of indemnity, in this context, fulfil a useful purpose and that the real question is how best to control their use. Thus, in this thesis, the author's aim will be to reach a conclusion, in respect of each type of letter of indemnity, as to where the line should be drawn between the use of the letter of indemnity which should be supported by the law, and use where the letter of indemnity should be unenforceable.
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Bennett, Paul. "Mutual risk : moral economy in environmental insurance." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313039.
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Kim-Lescarret, Hae Ran. "Être salarié âgé dans une société en mutation : le cas de la Corée dans une perspective comparée." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H014.
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Pour la Corée, trois âges constituent les repères importants dans la deuxième partie de la vie : 54, 68, 76. Un âge pour quitter la première carrière, un âge pour quitter définitivement le marché du travail et un âge pour quitter la vie. Ce parcours individuel est un phénomène révélateur de la vie dans le monde du travail. Dans une perspective comparée, notre étude s'est efforcée de chercher les spécificités coréennes, en matière de politiques sociale et d'emploi visant la seconde carrière. Il s'agissait d'étudier la manière dont ces configurations politiques, spécifiques à la Corée, formatent les trajectoires individuelles de fin de carrière. Un effet combiné des systèmes de retraite obligatoire et de retraite d'honneur pousse les salariés âgés en dehors de leur première carrière de plus en plus tôt sans pour autant que le système de protection sociale ne soit capable de leur venir en aide efficacement. Ainsi, une "seconde carrière" devient la norme sociale en CoréeFor Korea, three ages represent the important references in the second part of the life : 54, 68, 76. One age to leave the first career, one age to leave definitively the labor market and one age to leave the life. This individual path is a phenomenon revealing of the life in the labor market. In a comparative perspective, this research tried to study Korean specificities, concerning social and employment policies toward the second career. The purpose was the study of the manner in which the policy configurations, relative to Korea, build specific individual path in the end of career. A combined effect of the mandatory retirement system and retirement by honour system push older workers out of the first career earlier and earlier without the social protection being able to help them efficiently. Thus, a "second career" becomes the social standard in Korea
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Awe, Akinwale A. "The function of indemnity clauses in the context of Brian Coote's "The essence of contract theory"." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=237095.
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Apples and pears may be related fruits, but that does not mean they are the same! If I were to host a dinner party and intended to bake and serve an apple tart, but was delivered pears, I would end up with a pear frangipane and some very disappointed house guests. The context in which words are communicated is very important - apples and pears could relate to fruits or indeed stairs. Recognising intention as being important even in social contracts highlights the importance of intention in commercial transactions. The utility of contract law is to facilitate the agreement of parties and the rights and obligations assumed by them -this is the true essence of contract. Reverting to the analogy above, indemnity clauses although in some cases achieving similar ends as exclusion clauses, are not intended to result in exclusions of liability but are a more specific method of contractual risk management. One could infer that parties who specifically make use of indemnity clauses do not intend these to function as limitation of liability clauses, neither would they have intended such clauses be construed an exclusion of liability. Exclusion clauses could be construed as defences to accrued rights, however a central theme in this thesis is that an exclusion clause is clear in its function- it negates the accrual of a primary duty, implied by law. An indemnity on the other hand undeniably relates to secondary obligations to compensate or make good loss upon breach of primary obligations to perform. An indemnity clause, transfers secondary obligations to compensate to another who has assumed such obligation(s). In most cases the transferred obligation is financial; an indemnity is similar to a contractual insurance in this sense. An indemnity clause is not an exclusion clause. The difference is not only academic but also relevant to commerce. As the indemnity becomes a more common feature in high risk and high value contracting, certainty of its meaning is all too important. Where an indemnity is misconstrued as an exclusion of liability, the latter a duty defining clause, this could have an effect on the insurance arrangements between the parties ultimately making the venture uneconomical for one or both of the parties. The certainty of a contractual term enhances its effectiveness and consequently reduces the economic transaction costs of its inclusion. Thus, parties can focus on the first stage of Posner's transaction cost theory – 'negotiations and drafting' enhancing the utility of contract law.
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Vincent, Kangulumba Mbambi M. "Indemnisation des victimes des accidents de la circulation et assurance de responsabilité civile automobile: étude de droit comparé belge et congolais." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211911.
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L'étude des mécanismes d'indemnisation des victimes des accidents de la circulation suppose préalablement l'examen des principes, des conditions et du fondement de la responsabilité civile en général.Nous l'avons déjà souligné :le droit positif privé congolais à cette particularité d'être dualiste, tout au moins en ce qui est du droit des obligations et du droit de la réparation.
C'est pourquoi,il est indispensable, pour la compréhension du système juridique congolais, de recourir à l'examen des mécanismes de droit coutumier traditionnel qui continuent, très souvent, si pas dans la perception mais en tout cas dans l'application/ de régir les institutions et les rapports de droit privé. Il importe ainsi d'examiner d'abord,la structure de la responsabilité civile en droit positif écrit (Titre 1er),ensuite en droit coutumier traditionnel (Titre II) afin d'en ressortir les apports mutuels qui puissent nous permettre de fonder, dans le système juridique congolais, un meilleur droit de la réparation.
Doctorat en droit
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Béraud, Mathieu. "Analyse économique du temps réduit indemnisé : chômage dans l'emploi et stabilisation de la relation d'emploi." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010011.
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La thèse a pour objet le chômage partiel. Cet instrument de la politique publique pour l'emploi présente une alternative au licenciement pour les entreprises connaissant des difficultés temporaires. Il permet aux entreprises de conserver leurs salaries durant les périodes de baisse de la demande, en jouant sur la durée du travail sans rompre le contrat de travail. Qualifié par le terme de "temps réduit indemnisé", nous analysons cet objet au regard de trois interrogations : pourquoi les entreprises ont-elles intérêt -ou sont-elles contraintes- de mobiliser plus ou moins durablement leur personnel ? Pour quelles raisons les entreprises ne choisissent-elles de ne pas se séparer de leur personnel (ou au contraire de le licencier) lorsqu'elles font face à des difficultés économiques? Quels sont les termes des arbitrages qui sont opérés entre gestion du temps de travail et gestion de l'emploi? Cette série d'interrogations nous entraine à étendre le champ de la réflexion à la relation d'emploi, et plus particulièrement au problème de la stabilité de la relation d'emploi. La thèse comprend trois parties. Dans la première partie, nous examinons le temps réduit indemnisé selon quatre dimensions : une dimension historique, une dimension légale et conventionnelle, une dimension comparative internationale (Allemagne, Grande-Bretagne et Italie) et une dimension statistique. Dans la deuxième partie, on utilise l'analyse économique pour voir comment les différents modèles issus de la théorie économique peuvent nous fournir un cadre pour intégrer et formaliser les règles et les institutions relatives au temps réduit indemnisé. L'examen des différentes analyses qui s'écartent toutes à des degrés divers du cadre standard nous permet de réunir les éléments pour construire notre propre grille d'interprétation des recours par les entreprises au temps réduit indemnisé au regard de la question de l'arbitrage entre temps de travail et emploi. La troisième partie caractérise les logiques et les variables explicatives qui déterminent les recours au temps réduit indemnisé. Bâtie sur la base d'une série d'enquêtes de type semi-monographique, notre analyse débouche sur une typologie des figures d'utilisateurs du temps réduit indemniséThe aim of this thesis is short-time working. This public employment policy tool gives an alternative choice to the firm which meets temporary difficulties : shorten working time instead of lay-off. So this instrument offers to the firms the possibility to preserve theirs workers when the demand slow down. Working time is flexizibilized and the contract is not broken. The research is organised around three questions : why the firms have interest (or are obliged) to mobilize their employees for a long period? For what reasons the firms make the choice to preserve (or not preserve) their employees when the demand slow down? What are the terms of the choices which are make by the firm between working time and employment? With these three questions we focalise our analysis on employment relationship, particulary on the problem of the stabilization of employment relationship. The thesis includes three parts. With the first part, we examine short time working compensated in four dimensions : historical dimension, legal dimension, international comparison dimension (Germany, Italy and United-Kingdom) and statistic dimension. With the second part, we mobilize different models of the economic theory in the way to understand the rules and institutions of short time working compensated. The analysis of these models gives us different instrument to built our own interpretation of the short-time worked compensated firms utilization with the regard of the question of the alternative between working time and employment management. The third part shows the logics and the factors which determine the different utilizations of short time worked compensated. Based on empirics inquiries in the firms, our research gives a typlogy of different types of firms which utilize short-time compensated scheme
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Fox, Barbara Beeghly. "Obsession and crisis film music and narrative in Double Indemnity (1944), Laura (1944), and Psycho (1960) /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2005. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1433617.
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Takahashi, Koji. "Claims for indemnity, contribution, reimbursement, and recourse in private international law : legal obstacles to satisfactory recovery." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2218/.
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Where a person (D) who has become liable to pay another person (P) seeks from a third person (R) restitution of all or part of the payment, if the different relationships involved between P, D and R are decided in different forums or under different governing laws, D may not be able to obtain satisfactory recovery from R because the same issues may be determined differently or because there may be a mismatch between different governing laws. This thesis examines the rules of private international law relevant to such situations and proposes some reforms of the law. Thus if the same issues have to be determined in P's claim against D and in D's claim against R independently from each other in different forums, matters that have been established to support P's claim against D may not be established in support of D's claim against R. We will examine whether matters established in P's action against D in a foreign forum are recognised as conclusive against R in D's action against R in England. Then, we will examine in the international context English third party procedure as another way of avoiding independent determination of the same issues. Turning to the obstacles to satisfactory recovery caused by a mismatch of different governing laws, we will first consider whether different claims of recovery that D may have against R should be governed by a single governing law. We will, then, consider whether the contract between P and D and the contract between D and R involved in chain transactions should be referred to a single governing law. Finally, we will consider whether D's liability to P and R's liability to P should be determined by a single governing law for the purpose of recovery under the Civil Liability (Contribution) Act 1978.
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Seslija, Ljubisa. "The real cost of the Government Mortgage Indemnity Scheme : an application of the option pricing theory." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17474.
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Bibliography: pages 65-66.The legacy of apartheid in the social and economic fabric of South Africa is pervasive. More than two million households, with an average of five persons per household, are living in shacks or in hostels. Thus, the South African Government of National Unity as its most urgent priority has endeavoured to find solutions to this disastrous housing crisis. Thus, the Government proposed - amongst other measures - to establish a Government-supported Mortgage Indemnity Scheme. However, such loan-guarantees are not cost free. Moreover, since they are contingent liabilities, the contingency of which may be realised and thus impose a cost to the Government, it is important that such cost be known or estimated. Using the modified Merton's model of an analytic derivation of the cost of loan guarantees, this paper evaluates the potential cost that may be imposed to the Government. While the paper recognised that there may be scope for some kind of the Government loan guarantees, the overriding theme is that the Government should charge a fee for its loan guarantee. Moreover, it has also been illustrated that the main beneficiaries of the MIS will be: (a) households at the upper end of the low-cost housing market, and (b) private financial institutions which will be indemnified by the terms of MIS. Accordingly, the mere fact that the main beneficiaries will be those two categories of end-users and not these at the lower segment of the low-cost housing market suggests that the MIS may not attain its principal purpose - that of serving these in the lowest income group. Thus, there is no reason why the Government should bear the likely cost of the MIS. In contrast, the Government should charge a fee for its guarantee.
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Mourlon, Fabrice. "L'aide aux victimes du conflit nord-irlandais, 1969-2006." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2009_in_mourlon_f.pdf.
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L’aide aux victimes du conflit nord-irlandais donne des résultats mitigés. Avant qu’elles ne soient officiellement reconnues et qu’une politique ne soit mise en place pour leur porter assistance à partir de l’Accord de 1998, les victimes bénéficiaient d’un sytème d’indemnisation financière. Elles trouvaient un reconfort auprès de leurs proches ou d’associations informelles. Dès les cessez-le-feux de 1994, la société nord-irlandaise s’est penché sur le bilan humain du conflit qui a coûté la vie à presque 4000 personnes et a fait plus de 40 000 blessés. Les traumatismes psychologiques furent nombreux tant au niveau individuel que collectif. La crainte d’un retour à la violence, et la volonté de résoudre le conflit sur le long terme a motivé la prise en considération de ces personnes, sans pour autant qu’une stratégie clairement définie soit formulée. Un secteur associatif vigoureux s’est formé, notamment grâce à la générosité des premiers financements europeénnes et gouvernementaux. Il a agit comme un aiguillon et a participé à la politique d’aide aux victimes. Cependant, après presque dix années, les mêmes revendications concernant les questions de la vérité, de l’examen du passé, de la reconnaissance et des divisions animent encore une partie de la communauté des victimes. En effet, le modèle nord-irlandais de résolution du conflit a traité séparément l’aide matérielle et psychologique aux victimes et les questions de vérité et réconciliation. Un modèle idéal dans ce domaine n’existe pas et les théoriciens tatonnent encore. D’où le pragmatisme du gouvernement britannique et de l’Union européenne en la matièreAssistance to the victims of the conflict in Northern Ireland has given mixed results. Before being officially acknowledged and support mechanisms were organised for them since the signing of the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, victims received compensation by the State. They found support among their families and informally-organised groups. The cease-fire of 1994 marked the beginning of a new concern for the human cost of the conflict which claimed almost 4000 lives and maimed 40 000 people and had a psychological impact on many individuals and communities. Acknowledging and assisting those people came from the realisation that the conflict has to be resolved permanently and from fears that violence might erupt again. However, no clearly defined strategy was formulated. A strong volontary sector, encouraged by the first generous round of European funding, was essential in helping formulate and carry out the first provisions for victims. Nonetheless, after ten years of assistance, the victim sector is still concerned about issues of truth about the past, acknowledgement, and divisions. Indeed, the Northern Irish conflict resolution model has tackled psychological and material support seperately from issues related to truth and reconciliation. There no ideal model in the field which theorists are yet to come up with. This in part explains why the British government and the European Union have acted with pragmatism
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Wan, Zahari Wan Mohd Zulhafiz Bin. "Unbalanced indemnities : a comparative analysis of risk allocation in oilfield service contracts in Malaysia, the UK and USA." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230170.
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Charpentier, Stéphane. "Les sanctions des licenciements irréguliers." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0049.
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Le droit du licenciement a pour finalité essentielle la protection des salariés face au licenciement. Dans le système issu de la loi du 13 juillet 1973, autrement dit, dans la plupart des cas, l'employeur conserve toujours la prérogative de rompre unilatéralement le contrat de travail. S'il méconnaît ces règles, il agit sans droit, mais le licenciement n'en est pas nul pour autant. Les règles tendent alors à accompagner le licenciement et à en adoucir les effets. Les cas de violation sont ici moins rares qu'ailleurs parce qu'ils ne donnent lieu qu'à des sanctions moins efficaces et les mesures prévues pour assurer son application ne peuvent le plus souvent être utilisées. Cependant, parfois, en cas d'atteinte grave portée à l'ordre public, c'est-à-dire de violation de libertés ou droits fondamentaux ou de méconnaissance de certaines règles applicable en matière de licenciement collectif pour motif économique, le droit discrétionnaire de l'employeur est remis en cause. Les sanctions visent alors à prohiber le licenciement. La réintégration de droit est là clairement affirmée, aussi bien par le Juge que le législateur. Cependant, un système juridique ne doit pas être simplement efficace, pour être effectif, il doit également être cohérent, au moins dans une certaine mesure. Or, le droit du licenciement n'est pas cet ensemble sagement hiérarchisé et ordonné que l'on souhaiterait. Nous avons au contraire assisté à l'avènement d'une multitude de lois sans cohérence ni structure conduisant à une logorrhée normative qui rend progressivement ces règles indéchiffrables, et fait du pouvoir de contraindre au respect des règles, un pouvoir arbitraire. Pour s'en rendre parfaitement compte, il n'est que de mettre en parallèle des situations données plus ou moins analogues et de mettre en exergue, à travers les sanctions qui leur sont appliquées, les différences de traitement dont elles sont l'objet. D'autre part, la distinction classique et fondamentale en droit du licenciement, notamment depuis la loi de 1973, entre les règles de forme et les règles de fond, tend à s'estomper. En qualifiant la règle de forme ou de procédure de " garantie de fond " et en lui appliquant des sanctions de fond, la Cour de cassation met en péril la cohérence d'ensemble du droit du licenciement.
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POLIANI, FRANCA. "L'INDEMNITY CLAUSE NEI CONTRATTI DI CESSIONE DI PARTECIPAZIONI SOCIALI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/233857.
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“Indemnity clauses in sale and purchase agreement under Italian law”
This work is a comparative analysis of the problems arising from indemnity clauses in sale and purchase agreements under Italian Law.
In a contract for the sale of shares of a s.p.a or a s.r.l., the seller usually provides representations and warranties by which he guarantees to the buyer the presence of certain characteristics of the target company’s assets. The collateral asset, financial and income provided for this purpose is usually integrated and completed by indemnity clauses, through which the parties regulate the activation and the limits of the guarantees, as well as the consequences and remedies arising from their breach of these representations and warranties. In particular, the content of indemnity clauses may consist of an obligation to: a) indemnify and hold the buyer harmless from any current or potential contingent liability (usually existing at the last balance sheet date); b ) indemnify the buyer for any undeclared debt or loss of assets; c) compensate for any loss or damage suffered by the target that would not have occurred if the financial situation of the company were correctly represented and described in the business warranties contained in the sale and purchase agreement.
The thesis contains three sections: (i) a description of the main theoretical problems arising from the application of indemnity clauses, typical of the common law systems, to the Italian legal system; (ii) an exam of the different ways in which an indemnity clause could be drafted by the parties in the most common cases, as well as the interpretative issues involved; (iii) a study of the strong difficulty to frame the indemnity clause under the categories of the Italian legal system (such as, for example, damages, price adjustment, penalty clauses) with an attempt to understand how to recognize the indemnity clause its own juridical autonomy.
Granting such autonomy and, as the author tried to do, identifying a set of rules which could be used to regulate the indemnity clause appears to be necessary. This is not only in the light of the difficult application of Italian law to the issues created by the breach of business warranties in sale and purchase agreements, but also in the light of the cross-border and transnational scenario in which the indemnity clause is usually used and operates.
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Botha, Danie Van Rensburg. "Total quality management in the civil engineering consultancy industry in South Africa / Danie Van Rensburg Botha." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8649.
Full textAbstract:
Consulting Engineers worldwide, and in South Africa, render a professional service to clients consisting of project feasibility studies, planning reports, design, documentation and construction monitoring for infrastructure projects.
In rendering this service, consulting engineers are subject to certain project risks that can have a huge influence on their company’s success and hence their profitability. Quality Management is an instrument through which the risks associated with consulting engineering can be mitigated to a certain degree, if a Quality Management System (QMS) is successfully introduced and continuously managed.
The QMS must conform to the requirements of a recognized system like the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and in this particular case ISO 9001, which is a model for quality assurance systems in design, development, production, installation and servicing. The quality system requirements of ISO 9001 are aimed at preventing nonconformity at all phases of the product life cycle from design and/or development to servicing.
The study was carried out by obtaining a convenience sample of qualitative questionnaires among professional civil engineers in consulting management positions, testing their experience of a QMS. This study has indicated that a QMS can only be successful in a company if the users have a positive attitude towards the system, and if they believe in the benefits thereof. It is therefore required that the system be launched and maintained in a user-friendly manner, with the emphasis on real risk-reducing aspects. As one of the requirements of ISO 9001 is continuous improvement of the system, recommendations are made in this study towards improving the QMS of the particular company.
The influence of a QMS on the frequency and extent of Professional Indemnity cases against a company was investigated and reported on by studying 20 case studies of projects that have experienced difficulties, and have resulted in lawsuits against the consulting engineer.Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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Enright, Walter Ian Brooke. "Themes in insurance law." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33899.
Full textAbstract:
1. There are two major pieces of work (the Code Review and Sutton) and a number of themes that are the subject matter for this submission. The Insurance Council of Australia appointed me as the Independent Reviewer of the General Insurance Code of Practice, under the Code and the Terms of Reference, on 3 May 2012. 2. The Code Review work took about two years and involved the Code Issues Paper in October 2012 of 111 pages and the Code Review Report in May 2013 of 205 pages. The majority of my recommendations were accepted and the report has made a contribution to the rethinking of self-regulation and the place of voluntary codes in financial services. By then I was writing, with Professor Robert Merkin QC Sutton on Insurance Law for its 4th Edition. It is two volumes, 24 chapters and about 2100 pages excluding tables and index; my contribution was 12 chapters totalling about 960 pages. 3. The Code Review work, particularly on government agency regulation and self-regulation, influenced the pervasive material in Sutton on regulation. It was the subject of the AIDA Rome paper in 2014 on Principles for Self-Regulation; the paper was published by AIDA. 4. Sutton was published in 2015. Its themes are set out below. Those themes are in turn influences in the other work for this submission. There are seven main themes in the publications which I present in this submission. 5. The historical influences in relation to my Code Review and the historical contextual material in Sutton stimulated my interest in the wider influences on the development of commerce, insurance and law, with a central interest in the ethical foundations of the law and regulation. This aspect was also developed in the Masel Lecture and the article William Murray, Lord Mansfield: His Life, Times and Legacy – Good Faith and Good Works. 6. There had been a number of issues raised in my Code Review about mental illness, insurance and discrimination. I spoke at AIDA in Rome 2014 on Insurance Discrimination Law and the paper was published by AIDA. Then in 2016, the Australian Centre for Financial Studies commissioned me to write the ACFS MID Paper on the use by insurers of mental illness data. The historical perspective and the regulatory framework were important features of both papers. 7. A number of the Sutton themes were first opened out in my Professional Indemnity Insurance Law. The main themes were, in decreasing order of connection with Professional Indemnity Insurance Law, as follows. The first theme is the identification, development and application of the indemnity principle. The second is the adaptation and application of the analysis of contracts by primary and secondary obligations. This theme is in Sutton on the main concepts in insurance as well as liability insurance issues. The Liability Disputes Chapter condenses this thinking and account. The third theme was a renovation of how life insurance issues should be analysed and presented. This life insurance material was then adapted and infused with practical guidance on the decision making process on some issues for the FOS Life Insurance Manual. I developed an aspect of life insurance in the TPD Article. Each of these themes are in my submission original in concept and execution. Each has influenced the development of the law by legisation and the courts.
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Wang, Juanrong. "Le droit de mettre fin à la relation contractuelle de distribution." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2D016.
Full textAbstract:
Le droit de mettre fin à une relation contractuelle comprend deux aspects : le droit de résilier un contrat à durée indéterminée et le droit de refuser de renouveler un contrat à durée déterminée. Son existence est incontestable à l’égard de l’ensemble des contrats de distribution, y compris ceux qui revêtent la qualification de mandat. Néanmoins, son exercice est encadré par la théorie de l’abus lorsque le titulaire de ce droit subjectif manque à un devoir moral du maintien temporaire de la relation contractuelle. Dans cette hypothèse, laresponsabilité civile du titulaire du droit est engagée sur le fondement de la notion de faute.Toutefois, ce même titulaire peut être contraint de payer une indemnité même en absence de toute faute commise de sa part : telle est l’hypothèse de l’indemnité de fin de contrat prévue au bénéfice d’une partie des distributeurs. Cependant, il ne faut pas interpréter cette indemnité comme une remise en cause de ce droit subjectif. En effet, cette indemnité trouve sa justification dans les éléments étrangers à ce droit. En d’autres termes, le paradoxe entre l’indemnité et le droit subjectif n’est qu’apparent : le droit de mettre fin à une relation contractuelle de distribution est dépassée par l’indemnité de fin de contratThe existence of the right to terminate a contractual relationship of distribution isundeniable, even though the exercise of this right is limited by the theory of abuse, a case of fault-based liability. However, sometimes the supplier should pay an indemnity even though they terminate a distribution agreement without fault
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Townsend, Steven Rex. "Financial statement insurance - constructing a model and framework for financial information users in Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29768.
Full textAbstract:
Although the accounts of companies listed on the Australian Stock Exchange must be audited, there is a history of corporate failure in Australia showing that audited financial information can still contain misstatements. As a consequence, users who rely on that information can suffer losses which has contributed to concerns about audit quality. This research responds to longstanding concerns about public company audits where quality is compromised. For this study, new assurance and insurance models were designed to address low audit quality and improve the chance of recovery for public company stakeholders who suffer loss from misleading financial reporting.
This study contributes to the literature in several ways. First, this research develops repeatable and defensible research methodology to inform model development. Second, a modified version of financial statement audit (MFSA) and modified version of warranty and indemnity insurance (MW&II) were designed for improved audit quality and increased shareholder protection using methods aligned to best practice regulatory design and risk management principles. Attributes and their levels for these models were identified and tested under experimental conditions. The stated preference survey used in the experiment included adaptive conjoint analysis questions together with ranking questions to collect data about preferred models and the appetite for change. Finally, after construction, the MFSA and MW&II models were mapped to several risk scenarios using survey respondent preferences to find that some participants were receptive to an insurance approach for improved audit quality.
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Ofoegbu, Kelechi. "How contractual risk allocation provisions of oil and gas contracts have been, or may be, interpreted by an English court : a case study of some model offshore drilling rig contracts developed in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States of America." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2018. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/d61b7e5f-1027-49c3-bfc8-4ff8a1d55a37.
Full textAbstract:
This study is an examination of how English courts have approached, or are likely to approach - and therefore, the effectiveness of - attempts by the parties to oil and gas contracts to allocate risks arising from the activities which form the subject matter of their respective contracts inter se. The study utilises petroleum industry standard form offshore drilling contracts in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States of America as the context for this analysis, and examines the risks associated with drilling and other incidental operations, in the light of catastrophic events such as the Macondo disaster in the Gulf of Mexico and the Montara disaster in the Timor Sea. Drawing from the Economic Theory of Law espoused by Richard Posner, which correlates market behaviour, resource allocation and the legal system, and so conceptualises risk from a cost and utility perspective, the study will show that it is actually the economic consequences of the occurrence of an event that are being allocated, and that the entire notion of risk allocation is a determination of how the economic cost of the occurrence of the particular consequence will be borne by the parties to the contract. The study will conclude with a comparative analysis of risk allocation in the different model contracts, and an opinion on the success/effectiveness of the model contracts, as tools used by parties for risk allocation inter se, in response to the challenges created by legislative and judicial intervention. Justification for this opinion will be given, with reference to relevant case law and statutes in the different jurisdictions. Recommendations will be made on how the risk allocation structure can be improved, either by reference to other approaches the parties could adopt, or by clarifying ambiguities in the current approach (where applicable), and proposing a balance in the instances in which, from the study's perspective, the allocation formula is skewed, either due to the imbalance of power between the parties or by the interference of external forces such as the courts and legislature.
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Richard, Jessica A. G. "THE MARGIN PROTECTION PROGRAM FOR DAIRY: A FORECAST & AD HOC REGIONAL ANALYSIS." UKnowledge, 2017. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/61.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined The Margin Protection Program for Dairy’s impact on the “effective margins” or margins realized by dairy producers in various regions. Each selected margin and percentage of production history offered by the national policy was analyzed in a forecasting, national and regional manner. Couplet margins were simulated for fifteen regions from 2017 through 2020. Five scenarios were analyzed for the change in MPP’s effects under a 15%, 10%, and 5% drop in the price of milk as well as a 50% increase in the price of corn and a scenario where milk decreases 15% while corn prices simultaneously increases 25%. The results demonstrate that more than half of the regions have higher probabilities of triggering indemnities at every coverage level when compared to the US, MPP margin. Margins change in response to the policy effects, where lower coverage levels experience margin increase, and higher coverage levels experience margin decrease. In the US, MPP margin, risk reduction is observed at every coverage level. The program was found to decrease risk at most coverage levels, where higher shocks to the margin increased the protection offered by the program’s effects.
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Gareche, Boudjémâa. "La qualification de quelques avantages financiers accordés aux dirigeants de sociétés en droit français." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131008.
Full textAbstract:
La « rémunération » des dirigeants sociaux est un sujet sensible qui intéresse particulièrement les systèmes juridiques français et étrangers. En effet, le principe de révocation ad nutum instaure une précarité de leurs fonctions, puisqu’elle peut intervenir à tout moment, sans qu’il y ait besoin d’en apporter une justification ou de verser une indemnité au dirigeant révoqué. Les dirigeants ont donc commencé à chercher une compensation financière, notamment en cumulant leur mandat social avec un contrat de travail, pour bénéficier de la législation protectrice du salarié. D’origine anglo-saxonne, différents avantages financiers contemporains se sont développés parallèlement à leur rémunération « classique », pour pallier cette précarité. Ils concernent particulièrement le golden parachute, la retraite « chapeau », les stock-options et le golden hello. Ces pratiques font l’objet de conventions passées entre les sociétés et leurs dirigeants. Le dirigeant bénéficie de ces avantages lors de son entrée en fonctions, durant l’exécution de son mandat social ou lors de la cessation de ses fonctions. Les avantages financiers accordés aux dirigeants sociaux intéressent plusieurs branches du droit français. La jurisprudence française qualifie ces avantages tantôt de rémunération, tantôt d’indemnité et parfois même de libéralité. Différentes législations sont intervenues pour encadrer ces avantages financiers (transparence, fiscalité, condition de performance) sans chercher à établir une qualification unique. Pourtant, ces avantages financiers semblent transcender les classifications traditionnelles existantes en droit positif en revêtant une double natureThe company Director’s salary is a sensitive issue which is particularly relevant for the French and the foreign law system. Indeed, the “ad nutum” revocation principle introduces precariousness in their functions since it can happen at any time without any need to provide justification or pay compensation to the dismissed company director. Then, they have started to look for a financial compensation, especially by combining their employment contract and their social mandate, in order to benefit from the protective worker’s legislation. From Anglo-Saxon basic financial system, various contemporaries financial advantages have grown along with their “classic remuneration” to address (to avoid) this vulnerability. This concern particularly the golden parachute, “retirement hat”, stock options and golden hello. These practices are the subject of agreements between companies and their leaders. The company director benefits from those advantages when he takes his position in the office, during the execution of its social mandate or when leaving the service. Different branches of law are interested by those advantages. The French case law is used to calling them either “remuneration, compensation or liberality”. Different law systems are occurred to regulate these financial benefits (transparency, taxation, performance condition) without trying to establish a single qualification. Yet, these financial benefits seem to transcend the traditional classifications existing in positive law by assuming a dual nature
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Macedo, Sara Messaggi. "O destino das famílias removidas e indenizadas pelas obras do monotrilho em São Paulo: o caso das indenizações no programa de reassentamento de famílias vulneráveis para as obras de expansão do metrô: linha 17 - ouro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16139/tde-09062017-113257/.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho de pesquisa de mestrado aporta temas relacionados as remoções de favelas em São Paulo diante de um cenário de avanço das políticas neoliberais, a partir da experiência da remoção de aproximadamente 500 famílias da região do Aeroporto de Congonhas para a implantação da Linha 17 - Ouro do Metrô, em formato de Monotrilho ou Veículo Leve sobre Trilhos (VLT). A remoção das famílias afetadas foi iniciada pela Companhia de Desenvolvimento Habitacional e Urbano (CDHU) em 2012, seguindo diretrizes do convênio firmado com o Metrô no ano anterior. Até o momento a obra de mobilidade não foi finalizada pelo Governo do Estado de São Paulo, tampouco as unidades habitacionais prometidas, como uma das formas de reassentamento, foram sequer iniciadas. O que diferencia esta remoção das demais é a oferta pelo poder público - sem restrições de valores para o acesso - de indenizações que mimetizam as indenizações oferecidas para proprietários que possuem título, ou seja, o pagamento de uma recompensa monetária pelo valor da terra (neste caso, tempo de permanência) somada à recompensa pela benfeitoria. Entre 2012 e 2014 a maioria das famílias foi removida compulsoriamente das áreas afetadas e mais de 70% optaram pela indenização em detrimento da unidade habitacional no mesmo local da remoção. Este alto percentual surpreendeu a todos os envolvidos, principalmente, pelo fato de que as famílias em questão moravam há muitos anos nesses assentamentos precários, datados em sua maioria da década de 1950, o que em tese deveria ampliar seu desejo de permanência no local. Por meio de pesquisa de campo realizada em 2015 com 47 famílias que fizeram a opção pela indenização, identificou-se na amostra uma grande preocupação em investir a indenização em habitação (mesmo que não houvesse uma preocupação na mesma proporção com a regularidade formal das novas moradias), porém de maneira independente do poder público, com quem a relação de descrédito esteve presente durante todo o processo de remoção e após ela. Ainda que o objetivo de reassentar tenha sido cumprido na maioria dos casos, os resultados apontam para uma dispersão no território que implicou em perda de vínculos afetivos, profissionais, institucionais, além do aumento do deslocamento das famílias - que via de regra foram ocupar locais mais distantes que o ponto de remoção -, desconectando estas famílias do território de origem.This master\'s research study deals with issues related to the removal of favelas in São Paulo from a scenario of advancement of neoliberal policies, based on the experience of the removal of approximately 500 families from the region of Congonhas Airport for the implementation of Line 17 - Gold of the Subway, in Monorail or Light Rail Vehicle (VLT) format. The removal of the affected families was initiated by the Housing and Urban Development Company (CDHU) in 2012, following guidelines of the agreement signed with the Metro in the previous year. Up to now, the work of mobility has not been finished by the São Paulo State Government, nor have the promised housing units, one of the forms of resettlement, had their construction even started. What differentiates this removal from the others is the offer from the public power - without restrictions of values for access - of indemnities that mimic the ones offered to owners who hold title, that is, the payment of a monetary reward for the value of the land (in this Case, length of stay) added to the reward for the house improvement. Between 2012 and 2014 most families were compulsorily removed from the affected areas and more than 70% opted for compensation at the expense of the housing unit at the same place of removal. This high percentage was surprising for everyone involved, mainly by the fact that the families in question had lived in these precarious settlements for many years, most of them dating back to the 1950s, which in theory should have broaden their desire to stay in the area. Through a field survey conducted in 2015 with 47 families who made the option of compensation, the interviewees showed a great concern in investing the compensation in housing (even though there was not a concern in the same proportion about the formal regularity of the new housing), but independent from the public authority, with whom the relationship of discredit was present throughout the removal process and after it. Although the goal of resettlement has been fulfilled in most cases, the results point to a dispersion in the territory that has entailed loss of affective, professional and institutional ties, as well as an increase in the displacement of families - which, as a rule, were to occupy areas that are mostly distant from the point of removal - by disconnecting these families from their home territory.
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Nešpor, Marek. "Stanovení výše pojistného plnění za škodu způsobenou živelnou událostí na rodinném domě v Břeclavi." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402590.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of determining the amount of indemnity for damage caused by a natural disaster. The introductory part is devoted to approaching the concepts related to valuation and insurance. The next part is devoted to familiarization with the object. Following is the valuation of the property by using the cost method at different times. For the valuation, the extent of the loss event is accurately defined, the cost of the repair and the insurance benefit resulting from the insurance contract are documented. The conclusion of the thesis is devoted to evaluation of achieved results and their graphical representation.
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Cervi, Mauro Luiz. "Os acidentes do trabalho e as doenças ocupacionais no meio ambiente rural e seus impactos judiciais trabalhistas." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3627.
Full textAbstract:
One of the ways a man has to provide his own subsistence is through work. In the
context of the rural area, the Brazilian Law regulated the activity of the agriculture
worker by the Law nº 5889, of June 8th, 1973 and by the Decree nº 73626 of
February 12th, 1974. Later on, in 1988, in the Federal Constitution, the 7th article
equates the rural worker to the urban one in terms of rights. The place where the
worker exercises his job may present risks to his physical and psychological integrity.
Moreover, the risky attitudes he performs can cause accidents. The accidents at work
are directly connected to the activities developed by the human being in order to
survive. Since the Stone Age, out of survival, the human beings have created tools in
order to make their activities easier. The risks of accident grew significantly after the
Industrial Revolution, in the XVIII century. Recently, the exposure of the workers to
risks has increased, and so have the number of accident-type; accident-path and
diseases related to the working activity. As a consequence of this increase in the
number of accidents, the improvement in the access to justice and the worker s
awareness, several judicial demands appeared aiming at the repayment of the
material, moral or aesthetical damages caused. Thus, this study aims at identifying
the main occupational accidents and diseases resulting from work in the rural
environment and analyzed the Labor Judicial impacts (Working Claims or Indemnity
Claims) and the criteria adopted by the First Instance judges and comparing them to
the decisions of the Regional Labor Courts, in the grounding given to the decisions
and on the values or indemnities established for material damage (emerging damage
and loss of profit), moral damage and aesthetical damage. In order to obtain the data
required, we conducted researches in the Labor Departments and in the Regional
Labor Courts in eight Brazilian states chosen for being more agriculture oriented. It
was concluded that there is a set of criteria for the grounding of material damage. For
moral and aesthetical damage the grounding is similar; however, there is divergence
in the arbitration of quantum.Uma das formas do homem prover a sua subsistência é o trabalho. No âmbito rural o direito brasileiro regulou a atividade do trabalhador, inicialmente pela Lei nº 5.889, de 8 de junho de 1973, e pelo Decreto nº 73.626, de 12 de fevereiro de 1974. Mais tarde, em 1988, a Constituição Federal, no seu art. 7º equipara em direitos o trabalhador rural ao urbano. O meio onde o trabalhador exerce suas atividades pode apresentar riscos à sua integridade física e psicológica. Também as atitudes de risco provocadas por ele próprio podem gerar riscos. Os acidentes de trabalho estão diretamente ligados às atividades desenvolvidas pelos seres humanos para sobreviver. Desde a Idade da Pedra, pela necessidade de sobrevivência, os seres humanos passaram a criar ferramentas para facilitar suas atividades. Os riscos de acidentes cresceram a partir da Revolução Industrial, no século XVIII. Nos últimos anos a exposição dos trabalhadores aos riscos aumentou, assim como o número de acidentes-tipo, de acidentes-trajeto e as doenças do trabalho. Em consequência deste incremento nos acidentes, melhoria do acesso à justiça e a conscientização do trabalhador surgiram demandas judiciais visando ao ressarcimento para o dano material, dano moral e dano estético. Sendo assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar os principais acidentes e as doenças ocupacionais decorrentes do trabalho no meio ambiente rural e analisar os impactos judiciais trabalhistas (Reclamatórias Trabalhistas ou Ações Indenizatórias) e os critérios adotados pelos juízes de Primeiro Grau, comparando-os com as decisões dos Tribunais Regionais do Trabalho, na fundamentação das decisões e na fixação dos valores das indenizações por dano material (dano emergente e lucro cessante), dano moral e dano estético. Para a obtenção dos dados foram realizadas pesquisas nas jurisprudências das Varas de Trabalho e nos Tribunais Regionais do Trabalho em oito estados brasileiros, escolhidos pela vocação para a agricultura. Constatou-se, que existe certa unidade de critério para a fundamentação do dano material. Para o dano moral e para o dano estético, a fundamentação é semelhante, porém, com divergência no arbitramento do quantum.
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Evkaya, Ozan Omer. "Modelling Weather Index Based Drought Insurance For Provinces In The Central Anatolia Region." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614572/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Drought, which is an important result of the climate change, is one of the most serious natural hazards globally. It has been agreed all over the world that it has adverse impacts on the production of agriculture, which plays a major role in the economy of a country. Studies showed that the results of the drought directly affected the crop yields, and it seems that this negative impact will continue drastically soon. Moreover, many researches revealed that, Turkey will be affected from the results of climate change in many aspects, especially the agricultural production will encounter dry seasons after the rapid changes in the precipitation amount. Insurance
is a well-established method, which is used to share the risk based on natural disasters by people and organizations. Furthermore, a new way of insuring against the weather shocks is designing index-based insurance, and it has gained special attention in many developing countries. In this study, our aim is to model weather index based drought insurance product to help the small holder farmers in the Cental Anatolia Region under different models. At first, time series techniques were applied to forecast the wheat yield relying on the past data. Then, the AMS (AgroMetShell) software outputs, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) values were used, and SPI values for distinct time steps were chosen to develop a basic threshold based drought insurance for each province. Linear regression equations were used to calculate the trigger points for weather index, afterwards based on these trigger levelspure premium and indemnity calculations were made for each province separately. In addition to this, Panel Data Analysis were used to construct an alternative linear model for drought insurance. It can be helpful to understand the direct and actual effects of selected weather index measures on wheat yield and also reduce the basis risks for constructed contracts. A simple ratio was generated to compare the basis risk of the different index-based insurance contracts.
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Avelar, Letícia Marquez de. "A cláusula de não indenizar: uma releitura do instituto à luz do atual código civil brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2131/tde-16082012-154850/.
Full textAbstract:
Trata-se de estudo acerca da cláusula de não indenizar e da cláusula limitativa do dever de indenizar, mecanismos utilizados pelos contratantes com vistas a aliviar a sobrecarga das indenizações, que se aproximam de institutos como o seguro de responsabilidade civil e a cláusula penal, apresentando também pontos de coincidência com a transação, a renúncia e o consentimento do ofendido. Embora sejam conhecidas desde o direito romano, foi no Estado liberal que essas convenções tiveram maior aceitação, a qual foi sendo, no entanto, paulatinamente reduzida, à medida que foi se configurando o que posteriormente se convencionou chamar de dirigismo contratual, que tem em mira corrigir as injustiças resultantes do modelo individualista de outrora, na busca por uma igualdade real entre as partes contratantes. No ordenamento jurídico brasileiro não há regra geral disciplinando a matéria, mas apenas disposições pontuais que regulam campos específicos; esta a origem de toda a controvérsia que gravita em torno da validade e eficácia da cláusula de não indenizar e da cláusula limitativa do dever de indenizar, questões, ao que se entende, que se devem resolver pelas regras de admissibilidade dos contratos em geral, respeitando-se, sempre, evidentemente, os limites da ordem pública, o que significa, nos tempos atuais, observância, também e principalmente, aos princípios da boa-fé objetiva, do equilíbrio contratual e da função social do contratoIt is a study on the non-indemnity clause and on the limitation of indemnity clause, mechanisms utilized by contractors in order to relieve the burden of indemnities which approach institutes such as the civil liability insurance and the penalty clause and also show intersection points with the settlement, the waiver and the consent of the offended party. Although known since roman law, it was in liberal State that such conventions have received greater acceptance, which nonetheless was gradually reduced as what later to be denominated contractual interventionism emerged, whose purpose is to correct the inequities resulting from the individualist model of yesteryear in the quest for true equality between the contracting parties. There is not a general legal rule in the Brazilian legal system regulating the matter, but only specific provisions governing specific cases; this is the origin of all controversy towards the validity and effectiveness of the non-indemnity clause and of the limitation of indemnity clause, these are issues that, as one comprehends, should be solved with the admissibility rules of contracts in general, provided that the limits of public order, evidently, are always respected, what means, nowadays, observance, also and mainly, of the principles of objective good faith, contractual balance and social purpose of the contract
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Taleb, Abdelkader. "Les limites du droit à la réintégration dans le cas d'un congédiement sans cause juste et suffisante." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/1697.
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Břečková, Kateřina. "Nový vývoj v institutu právní imunity." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-349919.
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This thesis is focused on legal institute of immunity in Czech system of law. It deals especially with the legislative development in institute of immunity and contemporary legislation, but it is focused on judicial practice as well. The aim of this thesis is to present some controversial issues, which appears within the application of immunity and to analyse the judicial practice of the Czech courts. This thesis is composed of introduction, four chapters and conclusion. The first chapter is theoretical and tries to define the institute of immunity according to the legal theory. This chapter introduces the origin of the institute of immunity and its differentiation at the same time. The essential part of this thesis is the second chapter, which concerns with the parliamentary immunity, and is divided into five subchapters. The subchapter 2.1. deals with the legislative development of the parliamentary immunity and presents all the bills. The aim of these bills was to regulate, particularly to narrow the parliamentary immunity. In the subchapter 2.2. is analysed new concept of indemnity, specifically concept of recourse, vote, body of the Assembly of Deputies or Senate and speech, with regard to judicial practice of the Czech courts. The subchapter 2.3. provides the transgressional immunity of...
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JONG, HOUR JYE, and 侯傑中. "SUBROGATION IN INDEMNITY INSURANCE." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59402370747541654444.
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