Relevant bibliographies by topics / Indents

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Indents'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Indents"

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Tanner, B. K., J. Garagorri, E. Gorostegui-Colinas, M. R. Elizalde, D. Allen, P. J. McNally, J. Wittge, C. Ehlers, and A. N. Danilewsky. "X-ray asterism and the structure of cracks from indentations in silicon." Journal of Applied Crystallography 49, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576715024620.

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The asterism observed in white radiation X-ray diffraction images (topographs) of extended cracks in silicon is investigated and found to be associated with material that is close to breakout and surrounded by extensive cracking. It is a measure of the mechanical damage occurring when the fracture planes do not follow the low-index cleavage planes associated with the crystal structure. It is not related to a propensity for some cracked wafers to shatter during subsequent high-temperature processing. There is no correlation between crack morphology and alignment of an indenter with respect to the orientation of a silicon wafer, the cracks being generated from the apices of the indenter and having threefold symmetry for Berkovich indents and fourfold symmetry for Vickers indents. X-ray diffraction imaging (XRDI) of indents does not reveal this underlying symmetry and the images exhibit a very substantial degree of variation in their extent. This arises because the XRDI contrast is sensitive to the long-range strain field around the indent and breakout reduces the extent of this long-range strain field. Breakout is also detected in the loss of symmetry in the short-range strain field imaged by scanning micro-Raman spectroscopy. Weak fourfold symmetric features at the extremes of the images, and lying along 〈110〉 directions, are discussed in the context of slip generated below the room-temperature indents. Scanning electron microscopy imaging of the region around an indent during focused ion beam milling has permitted the three-dimensional reconstruction of the crack morphology. The surface-breaking Palmqvist cracks are found to be directly connected to the median subsurface cracks, and the presence of extensive lateral cracks is a prerequisite for material breakout at indenter loads above 200 mN. The overall crack shape agrees with that predicted from simulation.
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Bhattacharyya, D., N. A. Mara, P. Dickerson, R. G. Hoagland, and A. Misra. "Transmission electron microscopy study of the deformation behavior of Cu/Nb and Cu/Ni nanoscale multilayers during nanoindentation." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 3 (March 2009): 1291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0147.

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Nanoscale metallic multilayers, comprising two sets of materials—Cu/Nb and Cu/Ni—were deposited in two different layer thicknesses—nominally 20 and 5 nm. These multilayer samples were indented, and the microstructural changes under the indent tips were studied by extracting samples from underneath the indents using the focused ion beam (FIB) technique and by examining them under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The deformation behavior underneath the indents, manifested in the bending of layers, reduction in layer thickness, shear band formation, dislocation crossing of interfaces, and orientation change of grains, has been characterized and interpreted in terms of the known deformation mechanisms of nanoscale multilayers.
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Kosinova, Anna, Ruth Schwaiger, Leonid Klinger, and Eugen Rabkin. "Annealing-induced recovery of indents in thin Au(Fe) bilayer films." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (December 28, 2016): 2088–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.199.

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We employed depth-sensing nanoindentation to produce ordered arrays of indents on the surface of 50 nm-thick Au(Fe) films deposited on sapphire substrates. The maximum depth of the indents was approximately one-half of the film thickness. The indented films were annealed at a temperature of 700 °C in a forming gas atmosphere. While the onset of solid-state dewetting was observed in the unperturbed regions of the film, no holes to the substrate were observed in the indented regions. Instead, the film annealing resulted in the formation of hillocks at the indent locations, followed by their dissipation and the formation of shallow depressions nearby after subsequent annealing treatments. This annealing-induced evolution of nanoindents was interpreted in terms of annihilation of dislocation loops generated during indentation, accompanied by the formation of nanopores at the grain boundaries and their subsequent dissolution. The application of the processes uncovered in this work show great potential for the patterning of thin films.
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Sharma, Hemant Kumar, Raghvendra Sahai Saxena, Aditya Gokhale, Ashok Kapoor, Rajesh Prasad, and Rajesh Kumar Sharma. "Cathodoluminescence Studies of Nanoindented CdZnTe Single Crystal Substrates for Analysis of Residual Stresses and Deformation Behaviour." Defence Science Journal 70, no. 6 (October 12, 2020): 650–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.70.16383.

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Nanoindentation-induced residual stresses were analysed on (111) Te face CdZnTe single-crystal substrates in this study. CdZnTe substrates were subjected to nanoindentation using cube corner indenter geometry with a peak load of 10 mN. Loading rates of 1 mN/s and 5 mN/s were used in the experiments, with a holding time of 10 s at peak load. Residual stresses on the indented region were analysed from load-displacement curves and explained using dislocation generation and elastic recovery mechanisms. Residual stresses were found to be of compressive type, just on the indented surface. The slip lines along the slip directions of this material were clearly visible in the FE-SEM images of the indents. Indents and surrounding surfaces were characterized using the Cathodoluminescence (CL) technique. CL mapping of the indented surface revealed the dislocation generation and their propagation behaviour just beneath the indenter as well as in the surrounding surfaces. The dislocations act as non-radiative recombination centres and quench the CL intensity locally. Dark lines were explained as the presence of dislocations in the material. CL mapping analysis shows that both the rosette glide and tetrahedral glide of dislocations are the primary deformation mechanisms present in CdZnTe. A rosette structure was observed in the CL mapping. CL spectra at 300 K of un-deformed CdZnTe show a peak at 810 nm wavelength, which corresponds to near-band-edge emission. After indentation, the CL spectra show the peak intensity at 814 nm and 823 nm wavelengths at the edge of the indents created with a loading rate of 1 mN/s and 5 mN/s, respectively. These peak shifts from 810 nm were attributed to the tensile residual stresses present in the indented material.
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Odén, Magnus, Henrik Ljungcrantz, and Lars Hultman. "Characterization of the Induced Plastic Zone in a Single Crystal TiN(001) Film by Nanoindentation and Transmission Electron Microscopy." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 8 (August 1997): 2134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0286.

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The slip system of TiN at room temperature has been determined to be {110} 〈110〉 by Burgers vector analysis using transmission electron microscopy and slip trace analysis of indents made on a TiN(001) film deposited on a MgO(001) substrate. Both small indents (0.4 mN maximum load) and large indents (40 mN maximum load) were used to study the dislocation structure in TiN. The nucleation of dislocations was investigated using small indents. Further development of the plastic zone was studied using large indents and microhardness indents (1.6 N). The critical resolved shear stress evaluated at the load when pop-in occurs was estimated to be 3.7 GPa, assuming a Hertzian elastic contact. Indents made with a 0.4 mN maximum load show a complex dislocation pattern with loops and straight segments that belong to the same slip system. Dislocations of mixed screw and edge type are dominant. The cascade of dislocations generated during pop-in is likely to nucleate from loops. For larger indents, the plastic zone extends more than three times the diameter of the imprint. The straight dislocations outside the large imprint are arranged in arrays along the 〈100〉 and 〈110〉 directions. A scanning force microscopy study of the surface outside a microhardness indent revealed a raised surface along 〈110〉 and formation of troughs along 〈100〉.
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Jonšta, Zdenĕk, Lucie Olejníčková, and Karel Mazanec. "Crack Profile under Vickers Indents." Key Engineering Materials 409 (March 2009): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.409.295.

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The present work is focused on complex evaluation of crack profiles, created around Vickers indents in two types of cutting tool ceramics, namely in the Al2O3 + ZrO2 ceramics and -Si3N4. The geometry of Vickers indents is investigated using two different evaluation methods. The first one is based on the application of serial sectioning from the indented specimen surface. The second method consists in the layer removing from plane perpendicular to the indented surface. These evaluation methods are convenient for determine the shape of created cracks and profiles of deformed area developed around the investigated indents. The mentioned methods contribute to the understanding of physical engineering principles resulting from the radial/median and lateral crack formation as the important characteristics influencing the reliable technical application of investigated ceramic materials.
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Fei, Xueling, Yijun Zhang, David S. Grummon, and Yang-Tse Cheng. "Indentation-induced two-way shape memory surfaces." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 3 (March 2009): 823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0101.

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A method is described for the creation of surfaces with cyclically reversible topographical form. Using spherical and cylindrical indenters applied to NiTi shape-memory alloys, an indentation-planarization technique is shown to result in a two-way shape memory effect that can drive flat-to-wavy surface transitions on changing temperature. First, it is shown that deep spherical indents, made in martensitic NiTi, exhibit pronounced two-way cyclic depth changes. After planarization, these two-way cyclic depth changes are converted to reversible surface protrusions, or “exdents.” Both indent depth changes and cyclic exdent amplitudes can be related to the existence of a subsurface deformation zone in which indentation has resulted in plastic strains beyond that which can be accomplished by martensite detwinning reactions. Cylindrical indentation leads to two-way displacements that are about twice as large as that for the spherical case. This is shown to be due to the larger deformation zone under cylindrical indents, as measured by incremental grinding experiments.
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Zahedi, Abolfazl, Murat Demiral, Anish Roy, Vladimir I. Babitsky, and Vadim V. Silberschmidt. "Indentation in F.C.C. Single Crystals." Solid State Phenomena 188 (May 2012): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.188.219.

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A three-dimensional crystal-plasticity finite element model of nano-indentation is developed in this paper to analyze deformation of a face-centred cubic (f.c.c.) high-purity single crystal of copper. This model was implemented as a user-defined subroutine in the commercial finite element software ABAQUS/Standard and used to study cases with different crystallographic orientations of the single crystal. The effects of various factors – crystallographic orientation of the indented material, an indenter angle and contact conditions between the indenter and workpiece material – on the load-displacement characteristics are studied. The obtained results show an anisotropic nature of surface topography around the obtained indents.
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Rice, P. M., and R. E. Stoller. "An Application of a Method for Correlating Mechanical Property Changes with Microstructural Changes in Ion-Irradiated Specimens." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 1018–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010016755x.

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A method for correlating mechanical property changes and microstructural changes as a function of depth in ion irradiated specimens has been applied to a series of model pressure vessel steels. The technique employs nanoindentation with very small indent depths, on cross sectional specimens, to measure changes in hardness with sub-micron spatial resolution. Conventional TEM imaging of the cross sectional specimens allows the investigation of the defect microstructure as a function of depth below the original irradiated surface. For ion irradiations (implantations) the dose varies as a function of depth in the specimen and can be calculated with reasonable accuracy using TRIM calculations. Thus changes in both hardness and defect microstructure can be measured and correlated, over a range of doses, from a single specimen.The technique has been applied to a set of model ferritic pressure vessel alloys to study the effect of various solutes on embrittlement. 2.5 MeV He ion irradiation was used to produce qualitatively similar microstructural features to those created in a nuclear reactor environment allowing the study to be carried out without the added complications associated with radioactive specimens. Figure la is an SEM image showing a set of nano-indents that starts on the left, beyond the end of range of the ions which is easily seen as the dark band. The indents eventually cross the thin oxide that marks the original irradiated surface (the white line) and enter the Fe electroplating seen here as the fine grained material at the bottom of the images. Figure lb is a higher magnification SEM image of the same indents showing the three-sided pyramid shaped indents reflective of the Berkovich diamond used in nanoindenting. Each of these residual indents is the result of a multipule indent process. The first indent is 50nm deep to acquire the sub-micron resolution hardness data, and the second is twice as deep (thus twice as wide) to clearly mark the position of the shallower indent before moving to the next position. Figure 2a is a bright-field TEM micrograph showing the defect microstructure of the entire irradiated region of an Fe + low N alloy, taken with g = {330} such that the dislocation loops appear dark. Figure 2b is a plot of the actual change in hardness, AH, as a function of depth below the original irradiated surface at the same scale, and for the same alloy shown in figure 2a.
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Kaboli, Shirin, Dina Goldbaum, Richard R. Chromik, and Raynald Gauvin. "Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging of Plastic Deformation Induced by Indentation in Polycrystalline Nickel." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, no. 6 (October 11, 2013): 1620–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613013469.

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AbstractVickers microindentation and Berkovich nanoindentation tests were carried out on a polycrystalline nickel (Ni) bulk specimen. Electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) in conjunction with electron backscattered diffraction was used to image and characterize plastic deformation inside and around the indents using a field emission scanning electron microscope. The ECCI was performed with a 5 keV beam energy and 0° tilt specimen position. The strain field distribution, slip lines, and Taylor lattices were imaged on an indented surface. Orientation mapping was used to investigate the local crystallographic misorientation and identify specific ⟨110⟩ slip systems. An ion milling surface preparation technique was used to remove materials from the surface which permitted the study of deformed microstructure below the indent. A dislocation density of 1011 cm−2 was calculated based on the curvature of bend contours observed in the ECCI micrographs obtained from the Vickers indents. A yield strength of 500 MPa was calculated based on the size of the strain field measured from the ECCI micrographs of the nanoindents. The combination of ion milling, ECCI, and electron backscattered diffraction was shown to be beneficial to investigate the indentation-induced plastic deformation in a polycrystalline Ni bulk specimen.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Indents"

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Fern, Glen Matthew. "Ferrocenes of Substituted Indenyl Ligands." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1266.

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This thesis describes the preparation and characterization of a variety of methyl-, trimethylsilyl-, and diphenylphosphino-substituted indenes. The indenes were then used in the preparation of bis(indenyl)iron(II) complexes. The bis(indenyl)iron(II) complexes were characterized by ¹H, ¹³C, and ³¹P-NMR, UV/visible spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and mass spectrometry. The cyclic voltammetry shows an approximately linear relationship between the oxidation potential and the type of substituent and its ring position, but with increasing substitution leads to lower than expected oxidation potentials. The UV/visible spectra show two absorption bands in the visible region. The position of the bands are essentially unaffected by methyl-substitution, but the low energy band red-shifts with trimethylsilyl- and diphenylphosphino-substitution. Di(2-methylindenyl)iron(II), bis(4,7-dimethyl-indenyl)iron(II), bis(1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)indenyl)iron(II), rac-bis(1-diphenyl-phosphinoindenyl)iron(II), rac-bis(1-diphenylphosphino-3-methylindenyl)iron(II), and rac-bis(1-diphenylphosphino-2,3-dimethylindenyl)iron(II) were characterized by X-ray crystallography.The planar chiral ferrocenylphosphine bis(1-diphenylphosphinoindenyl)iron(II) is observed to undergo a facile ring-flipping isomerization from the meso isomer to the racemic isomer in THF at ambient temperature. The isomerization is slowed by the addition of the noncoordinating solvent chloroform, but is accelerated by the addition of LiCl. Rate and activation parameters for the isomerization have been determined to be: kobs = 1.6 x 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ at 23 ℃, ΔH‡ = 58 ± 4 kJ mol⁻¹, ΔS‡ = −140 ± 15 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹. Deuterium labeling of bis(1-diphenylphosphinoindenyl)iron(II) in the 3- and 3ʹ-position ruled out the isomerization proceeding by [1,5]-proton shifts or dissociative mechanisms. The proposed mechanism for the isomerization proceeds via coordination of two THF ligands with ring-slippage of one of the indenyl ligands until it is coordinated through the phosphine. Coordination of the indenyl ligand by the other face leads to the formation of the other isomer.The heterobimetallic complexes (bis(1-diphenylphosphinoindenyl)iron(II))-cis-dichloropalladium(II), (bis(1-diphenylphosphinoindenyl)iron(II))-cis-dichloro-platinum(II), and [(cyclooctadiene)(rac-bis(1-diphenylphosphinoindenyl)iron(II))-rhodium(I)] tetraphenylborate were prepared. Attempts to prepare dichloro(bis(1-diphenylphosphinoindenyl)iron(II))nickel(II) lead to the formation of trans-dichloro(bis(1-diphenylphosphinoindene))nickel(II). The complex (bis(1-diphenyl-phosphinoindenyl)iron(II))-cis-dichloropalladium(II) is able to catalyze the cross-coupling of bromobenzene with n-/sec-butylmagnesium chloride. However. the reaction is not selective with isomerization of the alkyl group and reduction of the halide occurring via a β-hydride elimination mechanism.
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Carlsson, Anette. "Indelt soldat - och sen ... : Vad hände med de indelta soldaterna efter de fått avsked? En studie över avskedade soldater från Väse socken i Värmland." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-72104.

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Tomkinson, Jeremy. "Silica induced rearrangements of aryl and thienyl cyclopropanes." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261951.

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Ransom, Paul. "Indenyl and diazene chemistry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2c500159-0002-4602-9837-9335bb7c837c.

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Fellinghaug, Asbjørn Alexander. "Phrase searching in text indexes." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-8880.

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Phrase searching in text indexes Compare different approaches to perform phrase searching, and consider a new approach whereas bigrams is considered as index term. This master thesis focus at the challenges within phrase searching in large text indexes, and to assess alternative approaches to cope with such indexes. This goal was achieved by performing an experiment, based on the theory of using bigrams consisting of stopwords as additional index terms. Realizing the characteristics within inverted index structures, we utilized stopwords as indicators for severe long posting lists. The characteristics of stopwords proved valuable, and they were collected based on a already established index for a subset of the TREC GOV2 collection. In alternative approaches we outlined two “state of the art” index structures, specifically designed to cope with phrase searching challenges. The first structure - nextword index - followed a modification of the inverted index structure. The second structure - phrase index - utilized the inverted structure in using complete phrases as index terms. Our bigram index focused on the same manipulation of the inverted index structure as the phrase index, using bigrams of words to rastically cut posting lists lengths. This was one of our main goals, as we identified stopwords posting list lengths to be one of the primary challenges with phrase searching in inverted index structures. Using stopwords to create and select bigrams proved successful to enhance phrase searching, as response times substantially improved. We conclude that our bigram index provides a significant performance in crease in terms of query evaluation time, and outperforms the standard inverted index within phrase searching.

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Yin, Xiang. "Synthesis of Indenes and Indanes by Gold(I)-Catalyzed Decarbenation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665105.

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Els derivats de 7-substituts de 1,3,5-cicloheptatrienes reaccionen amb catalitzadors d'or (I) catiònic que donen carbens d'or (I) per una reacció retro-Buchner en què dos enllaços C-C en Norcaradienes són trencats per Au (I). Aquesta nova estratègia obvia l'ús de derivats diazo sensibles a xocs i genera carbens metàl·lics reactius in situ que poden experimentar diverses transformacions més, com ara la ciclopropanació d'alquens externs i reticulats i les reaccions tipus Friedel-Crafts intramoleculars. Per ampliar la gamma de mètodes sintètics i aplicacions disponibles per a aquests intermedis útils, en la present tesi doctoral hem desenvolupat noves transformacions induïdes per l'or (I) que condueixen a la ràpida construcció de marcs importants i han estudiat el mecanisme de manera experimental i mitjançant càlculs DFT.
Los derivados de 1,3,5-cicloheptatrienos 7-sustituidos reaccionan con los catalizadores de oro (I) catiónicos, dando carbenos de oro (I) mediante una reacción retro-Buchner en la que dos enlaces C-C en norcaradienos se rompen con Au (I). Esta novedosa estrategia evita el uso de derivados de diazo sensibles al choque y genera carbenos metálicos reactivos in situ que pueden sufrir diversas transformaciones adicionales, como la ciclopropanación de alquenos externos y atados y reacciones de tipo Friedel-Crafts intramoleculares. Para ampliar la gama de métodos sintéticos y aplicaciones disponibles para estos intermedios útiles, en la presente Tesis doctoral hemos desarrollado nuevas transformaciones inducidas por el oro (I) que conducen a la construcción rápida de estructuras importantes y hemos estudiado el mecanismo de forma experimental y mediante cálculos DFT.
7-substituted 1,3,5-cycloheptatrienes derivatives react with cationic gold(I) catalysts gave gold(I) carbenes by a retro-Buchner reaction in which two C-C bonds in norcaradienes are cleaved by Au(I). This novel strategy obviates the use of shock-sensitive diazo derivatives and generates reactive metal carbenes in situ which can undergo further diverse transformations, such as cyclopropanation of external and tethered alkenes and intramolecular Friedel-Crafts-type reactions. To broaden the range of synthetic methods and applications available for these useful intermediates, in the present Doctoral Thesis we have developed new gold(I)-carbenes induced transformations leading to the rapid construction of important frameworks and studied the mechanism experimentally and by DFT calculations.
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Cullison, Scott Alan. "The chemistry of indenyl titanium trihalides." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1139529.

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The interaction of TiX4 (X= Cl and Br) with 1-(trimethylsilyl) indene or 1(tributylstannyl) indene results in the formation of the crystalline trihalide complexes (rl5C9H7 )TiX3 in excellent yield. Isolation of these complexes has provided pathways for the monoalkyl complexes (TI5-C9H7 )TiX2 reaction of (r15-C9H7 )TiX3 (X = Cl and Br) withtrimethylaluminum resulted in the formation of the crystalline monomethyl complexes (Tl5C9H7 )TiX2R in good yield. Isolating these complexes free of the dimethyl derivativeproved difficult in normal alkylating solvents, but the pure monomethyl species were isolated in high yields when the reaction was performed in pentane. The chloride and bromide analogues have been stucturally characterized. Attempts to isolate thetrimethylsilylmethyl complexes (rl5-C9H7)Ti(CH2SiMe3)X2 (X = Cl and Br) as puremonoalkyl species were also successful, albeit in low yield. This set of four compounds provides a set of monoalkyl indenyl titanium species in which there are small alkyl groups or large alkyl groups as well as different halides. These complexes may prove to be excellent catalysts for the polymerization of olefins.
Department of Chemistry
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FUENTES, ALAIN DOMINGUEZ. "DATABASE SELF-TUNING WITH PARTIAL INDEXES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29775@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Os índices parciais são estruturas de acesso no nível físico dos bancos de dados que permitem definir um subconjunto das tuplas de uma tabela, através de uma expressão condicional. Nesta dissertação estuda-se a identificação e subsequente criação automática de índices parciais que possam contribuir na melhoria do desempenho de um sistema de banco de dados. É proposto um algoritmo que examina, para cada consulta relevante, os conjuntos de atributos indexáveis para os quais a criação de um índice parcial poderia influenciar o otimizador de consultas na geração de planos mais eficientes. É realizada uma mineração de padrões de atributos indexáveis para se obter atributos correlacionados segundo a frequência das consultas na carga de trabalho considerada. Chega-se a uma proposta para um conjunto de índices parciais candidatos também se considerando uma heurística de benefícios. Realiza-se uma análise de sintonia fina em função da seleção de uma configuração de índices parciais e índices completos. A implementação das técnicas e algoritmos propostos nesta pesquisa é feita no framework DBX, que permite instanciar técnicas de sintonia fina local e global para bancos de dados relacionais.
Partial indexes are access structures on the physical level of the databases. They are indexes that allow the definition of a subset of tuples in a table through a conditional expression. This dissertation studies the identification and subsequent automatic creation of partial indexes that can contribute in improving the performance of a database system. We propose an algorithm that examines, for each relevant query, the indexable attributes set, for which the creation of a partial index could influence the query optimizer to generate plans that are more efficient. We perform data mining on indexable attributes patterns to obtain correlated attributes according to their frequency in queries within the particular workload. We obtain a proposal for a set of candidate partial indexes considering also a benefit heuristics. We may consider a self-tuning analysis of an index configuration with both complete and partial indexes. We have implemented techniques and algorithms proposed in this research into DBX, a framework that allows local and global self-tuning regarding relational databases.
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Mironova, Anastasia, and Lovisa Kynäs. "Ethical investing - why not? : An evaluation of financial performance of ethical indexes in comparison to conventional indexes." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-57115.

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Problem: Do ethical investments perform better than conventional investments? Purpose: To evaluate whether Shariah-compliant indexes and/or socially responsible indexes can improve financial performance of an investment portfolio. Sub-problem: What kind of relationship exists between socially responsible investments and faith-based investments, represented by Shariah-compliant investments? Sub-purpose: To discover how two types of ethical investments, socially-responsible and Shariah-compliant, are related. Method: Quantitative study, covering three types of investment styles of four index families during the period from 2000 until 2011. Financial performance evaluation through the Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio and Jensen’s alpha. Conclusions: Conventional, socially responsible, and Shariah-compliant indexes do not have any significant differences in financial performance on a global basis. However, Shariah-compliant indexes could slightly over-perform conventional and socially responsible indexes during financial downturns. In the same time socially responsible indexes were noticed to be the most volatile during the whole period of study, to compare with conventional and Shariah-compliant. Regarding relationships, high correlations were found between ethical indexes, as well as between ethical and conventional indexes.
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Weiß, Thomas. "Indenyl-Metallkomplexe mit Metallen der Gruppe 4." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2001. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200100576.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Synthese, das Reaktionsverhalten und die Charakterisierung von neuartigen in Position 2 silylsubstituierten Indenylkomplexen mit Metallen der Gruppe 4 des Periodensystems der Elemente. Insbesondere konnten silylenverbrückte Komplexe synthetisiert werden, in welchen bislang unbekannte indenylhaltige ansa-Zirconocendichloride und Halbsandwichmetalldichlorid-Komplexe mit rigidem Ligandengerüst verwirklicht sind. Diese zeigen besondere Eigenschaften als Katalysatoren in der homogenen Ziegler-Natta-(Co)Polymerisation von Ethen und Propen. Die einfache Zugänglichkeit von 2-Indenylsilanen konnte durch eine Eintopfsynthese erreicht werden, bei welcher ausgehend von 2-Bromindenen sehr gute Ausbeuten erreichbar sind. Zur Synthese der 2-Bromindene wurden verschieden substituierte Indene verwendet. Durch Variation des Substituentenmusters ist es möglich die Eigenschaften des Katalysators gezielt zu beeinflussen. Die positionsabhängige Aufklärung der Substituenteneigenschaften von Me und/oder SiMe3 im Indengerüst nimmt daher einen bedeutenden Anteil dieser Arbeit ein. Zu diesem Zweck wurden neuartige substituierte Indenyltitantrichloride präparativ zugänglich gemacht und in Kombination mit bekannten Indenyltitantrichloriden mittels UV/VIS-Spektroskopie und Cyclovoltammetrie untersucht. Auf der Basis des gewonnenen Datenmaterials gelang es die Wirkung der Substituenten auf die Grenzorbitale von Indenyltitantrichlorid zu modellieren. Unterstützt wurde das Arbeitsmodell durch Extended-Hückel-Rechnungen, wobei die Koeffizientenverteilung im p-System des Indenylliganden als eigenschaftsbestimmend erkannt wurde. Indenyltitantrichloride ermöglichen zudem den Zugang zu Verbindungen des Typs (h5-Ind)TiCl2-OR mit R = Aryl, (h5-Ind)TiCl2 [(Ind) = C9H7, (1-SiMe3C9H6)]. Diese Komplexe zeigen auffällige strukturelle Übereinstimmungen und Ähnlichkeiten mit verbrückten ansa-Amidohalbsandwichtitandichloriden.
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Books on the topic "Indents"

1

Williams, Robin. Tabs & indents on the Macintosh. Berkeley, Calif: Peachpit Press, 1993.

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Andrews, John L. South Carolina Revolutionary War indents: A schedule. Columbia, S.C: SCMAR, 2001.

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Sadler, A. G. The indents of lost monumental brasses in Southern England. [Goring-on-Sea]: A.G. Sadler, 1990.

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Sadler, A. G. The indents of lost monumental brasses in Southern England. (Worthing) (224 Goring Way, Ferring-on-Sea, Worthing, West Sussex, BN12 5B2): A.G. Sadler, 1985.

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Victoria, Genealogical Society of. Index of New South Wales convict indents (1788-1842). (Melborne: The Society, 1986.

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Indexes. Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips, 2002.

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Laupichler, Fritz. Iconclass indexes. Leiden, The Netherlands: Foleor Publishers, 2000.

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Laupichler, Fritz. Iconclass indexes. Leiden, The Netherlands: Foleor Publishers, 1995.

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Stock, James H. Diffusion indexes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.

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Jones, Susan. Slide indexes. Sunderland: AN Publications, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Indents"

1

McColm, I. J. "Cracked Indents—Friend or Foe?" In Ceramic Hardness, 145–208. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4732-4_5.

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Kruzic, J. J., and R. O. Ritchie. "An Experimental Assessment of Using Crack-Opening Displacements to Determine Indentation Toughness from Vickers Indents." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 83–91. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118407042.ch8.

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Weik, Martin H. "indent." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 764. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_8800.

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Weik, Martin H. "paragraph indent." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1224. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_13597.

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Weik, Martin H. "hanging indent." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 708. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_8199.

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"Indents." In The Visual Dictionary of Typography, 137. AVA Publishing SA Distributed by Thames & Hudson (ex-North America) Distributed in the USA & Canada by: English Language Support Office, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474293488.0123.

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Flynn, Leo. "Article 141 TFEU." In The EU Treaties and the Charter of Fundamental Rights. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759393.003.245.

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Articles 123(3) and 117(2) first five indents, EC If and as long as there are Member States with a derogation, and without prejudice to Article 129(1), the General Council of the European Central Bank referred to in Article 44 of the Statute of the ESCB and of the ECB shall be constituted as a third decision-making body of the European Central Bank.
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Meredith, Dennis. "Write Clear Research Explanations." In Explaining Research, 80–88. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571316.003.0007.

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Writing clear research explanations for scientific papers and other professional publications means using short, concise “thrifty” words and eliminating unnecessary “padding” words. Choosing precisely the right word will improve your writing, but also seek out the most vivid, compelling word. Structure sentences to communicate an idea clearly: keep the average sentence short to improve comprehension and give ideas punch, write longer sentences for more complex ideas, and place the concept at the beginning or end. Use the active voice to strengthen your explanations and engage the reader. Proofread exhaustively, performing each of the three levels of proofreading separately. Composing readable prose also means writing for the “reading eye,” taking into account the perceptual process of reading by creating layouts that offer visual landmarks such as paragraph indents, white space, drop caps, and pull quotes.
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Barbhuiya, Salim. "Nanomechanical Characterization of Cement-Based Materials." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 41–55. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6304-6.ch002.

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Nanoindentation technique is used to assess the mechanical properties of materials at nano-level. A very small tip (usually diamond) produces indents at the surface of the material to be tested. A load vs. deflection curve is generated and is used to study the elastic properties of materials. Generally, it is used for obtaining the hardness and Young's modulus of materials at nano-meter scale. Currently, the method to evaluate the mechanical properties by nanoindentation is restricted to homogeneous materials. Cement-based materials are heterogeneous in nature. Therefore, nanoindentation study of cement-based materials is critical and requires several important steps, which need to be performed accurately. This chapter provides a review of the theory of nanoindentation, instruments being used for nanoindentation, sample preparation techniques, indentation strategy, and determination of nanomechanical properties and data analysis for cement-based materials.
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Merino, P. "Indenes." In Monocyclic Arenes, Quasiarenes, and Annulenes, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-045-00225.

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Conference papers on the topic "Indents"

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Hann, Jared N., Raul E. Riveros, Hitomi Yamaguchi, and Curtis R. Taylor. "Extension of a Microscale Indentation Fracture Model to Nanoscale Contact in Purview of Mechanical Nanofabrication Processes." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7336.

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In this work, we investigate the extension of the Lawn and Evans indentation fracture model, developed primarily for microscale contact, to nanoscale contacts. Systematic nanoindentation fracture experiments are performed on Si (100) using a sharp diamond cube corner (radius, r = 32 nm) indenter as a function of load, load cycles, contact dimension, and contact separation. Atomic force microscopy is used to image and measure contact deformation and fracture. The experimental results show that the threshold load for fracture was 290 μN, which is lower than previously reported. Adjacent indents separated by less than three times the radius of each indent were observed to interact with each other, such that second indents were consistently deeper than the first at the same loads. There was an increase in crack length for pairs of indents that were separated by equally small distances (<3 indentation radii). These results have clear implications for nanofabrication where stress field interactions impose limits on the closeness (resolution) to which features can be generated and to free abrasive machining where stress field interactions enhance the ability to machine below the threshold load.
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Biboulet, N., A. A. Lubrecht, and L. Houpert. "Contact Pressure of Indented Wide Elliptical Contacts: Dry and Lubricated Analysis." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44192.

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Indents in roller bearings perturb the pressure and stress distribution and increase the failure risk. A numerical study of the pressure perturbation is proposed. An existing dry contact model is extended to account for the indent shoulder influence and the pressure collapse in deeper indents. Moreover, results on pure-rolling lubricated contacts are presented. Finally, the ellipticity influence is studied both for dry and lubricated contacts.
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Beck, B. Terry, Aaron A. Robertson, Robert J. Peterman, Adrijana Savic, Chih-Hang John Wu, Kyle A. Riding, and John Bloomfield. "A High Resolution Automated Prestressing Wire Indent Profiling System for Verification of Wire-Concrete Mix Compatibility." In 2019 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2019-1269.

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It is well-known that the geometrical characteristics of the indents on prestressing wire used in the manufacture of prestressed concrete railroad ties affect the magnitude of the transfer length. In particular, it has been shown that such parameters as indent depth, indent volume and indent sidewall angle all affect transfer length, with indent volume being a major influence. Previous research has shown that the larger the indent volume, the shorter the transfer length. For full load bearing capacity, it is important that the transfer length not exceed the distance to the rail seat. Consequently, transfer length has been identified as a key diagnostic parameter for evaluating the load bearing capability of prestressed concrete railroad crossties. Furthermore, it has been proposed for use as a valuable quality control parameter. Ongoing research, as well as previously published research results, also indicates that the geometry of the prestressing wire indents plays a major role in the formation of cracking. This is particularly important in the manufacture of concrete ties intended for high speed rail applications. Cracking and debonding of prestressing wires associated with ties in service can result in severe splitting and complete tie failure. It is therefore not sufficient to guarantee a safe transfer length alone, without consideration of the cracking propensity. The wire specifications in standard ASTM A881 are intended to promote quality prestressed railroad tie behavior; however, the detailed causes of cracking and splitting, and the specific indent features that are responsible, are not well-known from a quantitative perspective. Until recently, inspection of prestressing wire indent properties consisted of sampling a few indents from a small segment of wire, providing very limited statistical information on wire indent properties. To address this deficiency, a high-resolution automated non-contact optical wire indent scanning system has been developed for completely and rapidly characterizing all relevant indent geometrical parameters. The system is capable of measuring large segments of wire to yield statistically significant samples of all relevant indent parameters including indent depth, indent width, indent sidewall angle, indent pitch, and indent volume. The current state-of-the-art in this system development, along with some new insights based on recent indent scanning results, will be presented. This system represents a valuable tool to aid in identifying the key indent geometrical features related to cracking. The overall goal is to quickly assess critical indent parameters, so as to ensure high-quality bond and eliminate in-track tie splitting failures.
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Wang, Yun-Che, Jun-Liang Chen, Ming-Liang Liao, Chuan Chen, Yan-Chi Chen, and Chi-Chuan Hwang. "Stress and Temperature Analysis of the Copper Substrate Indented With Nanotubes and Nanocones." In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18379.

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It has been shown that nanotubes and nanocones are most effective to make indents with large aspect ratios. Detailed studies in the heat transfer processes under the nano-scale indentation, and the accompanying stress distributions are required much attention. In this study, the copper substrate was indented with a nanotube or nano-cone. It is found that nano-cones may make indents with larger aspect ratios than the nanotubes due to the local shell buckling. Time-domain heat transfer and stress analysis was carried out by using a control-volume technique with an atomic spatial resolution, except near the boundaries. The effect of temperatures and stresses on the changes of the microstructures of the substrate will be discussed.
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Waters, Patrick J., and Alex A. Volinsky. "Moisture Effects on Copper Thin Film Adhesion." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81532.

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The effects of moisture on copper thin film adhesion have been investigated using a modified version of the superlayer indentation test. Copper films up to 100 nm thick were sputter deposited on thermally oxidized silicon wafers. A 1 μm tungsten superlayer with 1 GPa compressive residual stress was sputter deposited on top of Cu films, providing extra energy for interfacial debonding upon indentation. The samples were first indented to a depth just greater than the thickness of the W/Cu bi-layer and then unloaded. Water was introduced to the indent, and a second higher load indent was made in the exact same location as the first one to drive crack propagation in the wet environment. For the indents made to the same maximum load, there was a dramatic increase in blister size in the wet environment compared to the blister size in the dry environment. Copper film adhesion in the presence of water was up to 20 times lower than in the dry environment (0.1 J/m2 vs. 2 J/m2). Chemical reactions at the crack tip along with the surface energy minimization by water are thought to be the causes for the adhesion reduction.
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Niu, R. J., and P. Huang. "Numerical Analysis for Influence of Plastic and Elastic Deformation of Rough Surfaces on PEHL for Line Contacts." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80314.

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In the present paper, analysis of elasto-plasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (PEHL) in the line contact is carried out to investigate the effect of heavily loaded roll-over on the change in profile of indents. The pressure and film thickness profiles are obtained to solve the Reynolds and film thickness equations simultaneously. And, both the elastic and plastic deformations of the contact, featured with an indent, have been considered. A multi-grid numerical algorithm used in EHL of line contacts is modified and then used for the oil lubricated rolling contacts. In the program, stress and plastic deformation of the indent profile are calculated with the hardening plastic stress-strain relationship according to the theories of plasticity when pressure excesses the yield stress. The results, with and without considering plastic deformation, are compared to show the different influences on the pressure and film thickness. Analysis shows that since the plastic deformation will change the surface roughness, it will significantly change the pressure but film thickness.
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Haynes, Mark D., Chih-Hang John Wu, Naga Narendra B. Bodapati, B. Terry Beck, and Robert J. Peterman. "Modeling the Behavior of Pre-Stressed Concrete Railroad Ties." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5703.

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Early failure of pre-stressed concrete railroad ties in the field is a costly occurrence with modern ties. A key predictor of the performance of a pre-stressed concrete cross tie is the transfer length. Assuring that the transfer length is less than the position of the rail seat is necessary to establish the full pre-stressing force at the load point of the concrete tie. Models have been developed based upon empirical data to predict the transfer length of concrete members given key design parameters. Given the release strength and design geometry of the reinforcement steel, accurate predictions can be made as to what the anticipated transfer length will be. The geometry of the indented profile in pre-stressing steel has been found to be critical for minimizing the fracture propensity of the concrete member and reducing the overall transfer length. Edge wall angles of the reinforcement wire indents have been shown within this study to have a critical influence on the fracture propensity of the concrete medium. Steel produced with too shallow or too steep indent edge wall angles generate excessive internal forces rupturing the concrete. By modeling the behavior of the transfer length in concrete members, the design and production tolerances can be better controlled increasing the life expectancy of concrete ties. This results in decreased costs for the rail infrastructure and greater uptime of tracks utilizing pre-stressed concrete railroad ties. By improving the overall design of concrete members and by improving the quality control tests used during production a longer lasting and lower cost product may be achieved.
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Bodapati, Naga Narendra B., Weixin Zhao, Robert J. Peterman, Chih-Hang John Wu, B. Terry Beck, Mark Haynes, and Joseph R. Holste. "Influence of Indented Wire Geometry and Concrete Parameters on the Transfer Length in Prestressed Concrete Crossties." In 2013 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2013-2463.

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A study was conducted to determine the variation in the transfer length of prestressed concrete railroad ties with different indented wire geometries and different concrete properties, including slump and release strength. The study included 12 different reinforcement wire types that are used in concrete railroad ties worldwide. This paper presents the results from transfer length measurements on 96 pretensioned concrete members that were cast in the laboratory. In order to replicate the wire-to-concrete proportions commonly used in prestressed concrete railroad ties, small (3 1/2″ (88.9 mm) × 3 1/2″ (88.9 mm)) prestressed concrete prisms were fabricated and each contained four 5.32-mm-diameter indented wires. A special jacking arrangement was used to ensure that each of the wires was tensioned to the same jacking force. The wires were initially tensioned to 7000 pounds (31.14 kN) each, and the transfer of prestress force into the members was accomplished by a gradual release method replicating the one used in most prestressed concrete crosstie manufacturing plants. The study consisted of two phases. In the first phase, 36 concrete prisms were cast to investigate the effect of different wire indent geometry in a 6-inch (152.4mm) slump concrete mix with 4500 psi (31.03 MPa) release strength. In the second phase, a total of 60 prisms were used to investigate the effect of 4 different concrete parameters with a select group of 5 indented wire types. The second phase included concrete release strengths of 3500 psi (24.13 MPa) and 6000 psi (41.37 MPa), and concrete consistencies (slumps) of 3 (76.2) and 9 inches (228.6 mm). The results have shown that there is a significant variation in transfer lengths for the different indented wires at the same release strength. Additionally, the results show that the transfer lengths decreased significantly with modest increases in the concrete release strength. However, there was no correlation observed between transfer lengths and different concrete slumps for mixes having the same water-to-cementitious (w/c) ratio. For each concrete pour, the splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were measured at the time of prestress transfer. All wire indents were measured according to ASTM A-881 [1] and the results of both phases are presented.
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Zhang, Jingzhou, and Timothy Ovaert. "Simulation of Nano- and Micro-Indentation Behavior of Bone via a Plastic-Damage Model." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192795.

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Damage results in a loss of material continuity, which distinguishes it from other types of material degradation. The loss of continuity can have an adverse effect on mechanical properties, and may be manifested in the form of cracks and/or voids. Bone tissue, as a composite material, contains voids and other non-homogeneities that are naturally occurring and distinct from damage. However, when subjected to mechanical loading, such as indentation, further damage accumulation may occur. Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a bovine cortical bone specimen after high-load conical indentation to a depth of 300 μm, resulting in a large permanently deformed region. Nanoindentation, using a Berkovich tip at 10 mN maximum load, was then performed at numerous locations within three defined damage “zones”. Zone 1 is adjacent to the bottom of the indent, defined at 25% of the maximum indent depth. Zones 2 and 3 extend further away, both scaled as a function of the indentation depth, d. Figure 2 shows the variation in Young’s modulus in the three damage zones, averaged over approximately 25 indents per zone. The data suggest that local changes in mechanical properties may occur as a result of compaction of voids or cracks. The purpose of this work, therefore, is to investigate the application of a plastic-damage model for simulation of bone nano- and micro-scale indentation behavior.
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Santhanam, Sridhar, Kei-Peng Jen, and Zachary N. Wing. "Enhancing Toughness of Silicon Nitrides With Nanoscale Additions." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68871.

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Silicon nitride ceramics for applications in demanding environments require high toughness and adequate hardness. A well known route to making tough silicon nitride compositions is to control the grain size distribution. For beta silicon nitrides, the grain shapes in the form of their acicularity is known to be very important too. In this paper, we report on the use of multiple strategies to achieve increased toughness and toughening in silicon nitrides. These strategies include the use of a blend of nano-scale and micron-scale silicon nitride powders, the use of nano-scale sintering aids, and the addition of carbon nanotubes. Microstructures and mechanical properties are determined for these hot-pressed ceramics and are compared with a baseline silicon nitride prepared with conventional micron-scale powders. Hardness and fracture toughness are determined at room temperature using hardness indents produced by a macro Vickers hardness indenter. The toughening ability of these ceramics are compared by R-curve measurements. Grain boundary debonding and crack path deviation are identified as toughening mechanisms.
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Reports on the topic "Indents"

1

Sparks, R. G., W. S. Enloe, and M. A. Paesler. Mapping residual stress fields from Vickers hardness indents using Raman microprobe spectroscopy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/476629.

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Scott, Jacob. 2017(2) A Structure from Motion Modelling Survey of Medieval Brass Indents from Rochester Cathedral. Rochester Cathedral Research Guild, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22357/2017(2).

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Stock, James, and Mark Watson. Diffusion Indexes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6702.

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Feenstra, Robert. Exact Hedonic Price Indexes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5061.

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Cukierman, Alex, and G. J. Santoni. Some Problems with Current Price Indexes. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.1987.002.

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Haurin, Donald, Patric Hendershott, and Dongwook Kim. Local House Price Indexes: 1982-1991. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3933.

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Fuller, H. K. Geologic map indexes and GEOINDEX, U.S. Geological Survey's indexes to geologic maps - a history and status report. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/193898.

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Frank, Richard, Ernst Berndt, and Susan Busch. Price Indexes for the Treatment of Depression. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6417.

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Diewert, W. Erwin, Saeed Heravi, and Mick Silver. Hedonic Imputation versus Time Dummy Hedonic Indexes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14018.

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Berndt, Ernst, and Zvi Griliches. Price Indexes for Microcomputers: An Exploratory Study. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3378.

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