Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Indépendance des banques centrales'
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Romelli, Davide. "Trois essais sur les banques centrales." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CERG0778/document.
Full textThis thesis consists of three empirical papers on central bank institutional design.Chapter 1 contributes to the debate on the importance of central bank independence (CBI) in lowering inflation rates. It stresses the relevance of employing indices of central bank independence computed dynamically in two ways. First, it recomputes the evolution of the Grilli et al. (1991) index of CBI and shows that the timing of large legislative reforms is closely related to inflation rate dynamics. Using unit root tests with endogenous structural breaks, I find that reforms that modify the degree of CBI represent structural breaks in the inflation rate dynamics. Second, employing the dynamic Grilli et al. (1991) index of independence confirms the negative relationship between CBI and inflation in a sample of 10 advanced economies.Chapter 2 presents a new and comprehensive database of central bank institutional design for 65 countries over the period 1972--2014. This chapter describes in detail the sources of information and the coding rules used to create a new index of central bank independence. It also compares this new index with the classical measures of CBI and highlights the new aspects of central bank institutional design included in this database such as financial independence and accountability. An important innovation of this new index is its dynamic nature. This enables an investigation of the endogenous determination of the level of independence of central banks and suggests several instruments for the CBI index. Using an instrumental variable approach, this chapter provides strong support for a causal, negative CBI-inflation nexus.Chapter 3 uses a political economy framework to investigate the drivers of reforms in central bank institutional design. Using the new CBI index developed in Chapter 2, this Chapter investigates the determinants of central bank reforms in a sample of 65 countries over the period 1972--2014. The results obtained suggest that the incentives generated by initial reforms which increased the level of independence, as well as a regional convergence, represent important drivers of reforms in central bank design. At the same time, an external pressure to reform, such as obtaining an IMF loan or joining a monetary union, also increases the likelihood of reforms, while government changes or crises episodes have little impact
Monteagudo, Manuel. "L' indépendance de la banque centrale : aspects juridiques." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010299.
Full textHayat, Muhammad Azmat. "Essays on central bank independence and public support." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL12010/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses some important issues in the political economy particularly related to central bank independence. The first chapter of the thesis explores the determinants of removal of central bankers and shows that the probability of replacing a central bank governor is positively related to the time already spent in office, to banking and currency crises, the occurrence of elections, central bank independence reforms, and inflation. In the second chapter, we demonstrate that general public adheres the issue and importance of independence of central bank very well. Using data from Eurobarometer surveys for 1998 to 2000 for 15 EU countries, which included a specific question on this issue, we show that inflation performance is not sufficient to explain people's preferences for an independent central bank: personal characteristics and circumstances have a stronger impact, with gender, employment status, education level, income, and degree of information and civic concern showing particular relevance. The third chapter of the study deals with the issue of support of the central bank in public. We employ a rich set of potential determinants, combining macroeconomic and socio-demographic data, to explain trust in the ECB. We find that people with higher level of income and education and centre to right-wing political orientation tend to support the ECB, as well as people with optimistic expectations on the economic situation. The policy relevance of this dissertation is important for the central banks' communication policy along general policies and also for the ECB's communication strategy with the EU public
Barre, Céline. "Arbitrage inflation-chômage, indépendance de la banque centrale et politique de l'emploi." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX24003.
Full textTshiani, Noël K. "Indépendance des banques centrales, obligation de rendre compte et incidence sur la politique monétaire : application au cas de la République Démocratique du Congo." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090008.
Full textSayah, Amine. "Indépendance des banques centrales, stabilité monétaire et intégration financière : application aux cas de l'Union européenne élargie et de quelques pays Tiers Méditerranéens (PTM)." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0026.
Full textOur objective in this thesis is to analyze the relation between the central bank independence and the process of financial integration. Indeed, by considering the positive correlation between the economic and financial development, we study the role of the institutional central bank independence in the political financial administration. This can serve to determine the economic evolution of the financial process. In this thesis, we present the theoretical fundamentals of the financial integration, the central bank independence and the relation between them. The empirical research for the Euro-mediterranean regional zone financially integrated, covering the period 1995-2005, confirm the significant relation between integration and central bank economic independence
Kozanoglu, Mehmet Deniz. "Banque centrale et politique monétaire dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STETT115.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to analyse monetary policy designs and monetary frameworks in developing countries. The thesis studies three features of the monetary policy framework: the level of central bank independence, the conduct of monetary policy and exchange rate regime. This study conducts quantitative empirical analyses as well as detailed case studies of three Middle East countries.The above mentioned quantitative analyses cover the following three domains: firstly the existence of the phenomenon of fear of floating and the relationship between exchange rate volatility and macroeconomic volatility, secondly the level of monetary policy independence in developing countries in the context of increasing integration of these countries into the global economic system and lastly the level of central bank independence as well as the way in which it influences both the phenomenon of fear of floating and monetary independence. The findings show that the central bank independence contributes to the increase of national monetary policy independence from the world interest rates and reduces the fear of floating in developing countries, at least to a certain extent. The main conclusions drawn from the case studies put forward that central bank independence is vital in the process of attaining both price stability and exchange rate stability. Nevertheless, developing countries should not aim only at exchange rate stability and they should avoid neglecting other factors for long periods. As a matter of fact, the findings emphasize the advantages of an effective and prudent exchange rate regime management
Njaboum, Ngabia William-Carles. "La fonction de prêteur en dernier ressort face à l'évolution des banques centrales : persistance ou déliquescence." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2025.
Full textThis paper offers an historical analysis of the evolution of lenders of last resort (LOLR) through the institutional and operational mutations of Central Banks framework. The aim of this research is to examine the origins of the appearance of this theory from a historical perspective. It should demonstrate that the perversion of the doctrine of LOLR causes incompatibility with the institutional framework of the Central Bank’s monetary policy. Thus, the "unconventional" interventions of central banks confirm the need to exit the institutional framework meant to ensure the efficient management of monetary policy. Therefore, this institutional framework which guarantees the independence of the Central Bank seems inadequate in the context of the new practice of the lender of last resort. Ultimately, diverging trends of the institutional and operational framework of the Central Bank is a major sign of demise of Central Banking. Last resort lending by the ECB in the euro zone provides a useful analytical framework to study the difficulties of the function of LOLR in the governance of a heterogeneous and politically unfulfilled economic zone
Chauvin, Sophie. "Problèmes liés à l'instauration d'une monnaie nationale et d'une politique monétaire indépendante pour un PVD : le cas de la Namibie." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010029.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the problems linked to the establishment of a national currency and of an independent monetary policy for a small country. The political independence of a country is generally followed by the issue of a national currency. The setting up of a sound monetary system as well as the establishment of a suitable exchange rate regime is thus required. Central banks are normally the institutional bodies responsible for the management of monetary and exchange policies, though a recourse to other means institutional or otherwise is possible. Member states of the imf have a large choice of exchange regimes. They can either peg their currency to a single currency or to a basket of currencies or decide to let their exchange rate float according to the market forces or to other adjustment mechanisms. Moreover, the interest in an optimal currency area has been revived with the creation of a common european currency unit. The choice of an exchange rate regime depends on the structural and economic characteristics of a country as well as the origin of internal and external shocks faced by it. These topics will be analysed on a theoretical level and applied to the namibian case. Being a member of the rand monetary area and later of the common monetary area, namibia could have only a limited control over its monetary policies
Ba, Adama. "Les déterminants de la crédibilité et de la réputation des Banques centrales et de la politique monétaire : une analyse de la littérature et une application aux pays en développement." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2012/document.
Full textAchieving and maintaining the credibility of monetary policy, measured by the gap between outcomes and official announcements of policy (Gilles [1992]), has become a crucial task for the Monetary Authority when, from the 1980s, was tackled in the economic literature, the issue of central banking (Bastidon & Gilles [2014]). Indeed, the delegation of monetary policy to an independent central bank vis-à-vis the public authority has become a main determinant of credibility in advanced economies (Cukierman [1992], Bordo & Orphanides [2013]). However, its relevance for developing countries due to their specific characteristics (Kugman & al [1992], Assoumou-Ella & Bastidon [2015]) is far from being settled. Using a simple model and a loss of function of the central bank similar to those of Ball [1999] or Cavoli [2008], we compare two different exchange rate regimes to determine which cases are most likely to encourage governments to intensify the fight against corruption, while maintaining the objective of price stability. A credible anchor regime leads to high taxation and low levels of corruption and inflation, but at a low level of growth. An independent monetary regime unanchored, however, usually leads to a higher level of corruption. However, when the independence of the central bank is strong enough, the independent monetary regime unanchored can also lead to less corruption, more production and spending, although with higher inflation a monetary regime with anchor. These results suggest that in the case of developing countries, the independence of the central bank associated with pegged exchange rates would be neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for price stability
Errabih, Abdessamad. "L' indépendance de la Banque Centrale européenne." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON10012.
Full textAccording to article l05 of the Maastricht treaty, the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) is in charge of defining and applying monetary policy within the Euro zone, having as its main objective the preservation of price stability. Ln order to do so, the European Central Bank (ECB), the supervision organ of the ESCB, has been granted an independence and import rarely attained before by a central bank and has been established at a constitutional level. Lndeed, the ECB enjoys the use of such independence on organic as well as functional plane. The ECB's important status, however, departs from the principles which base contemporary democratic societies constructed on the checks and balances of power and democratic accountability; especially for lack of democratic legitimacy. Nevertheless, and paradoxically,. The position granted to the ECB is the only one in the current state of community construction which is able to guarantee the success of a common monetary policy based on the control of inflation and therefore dependant on the confidence that financial markets bestow it. The ECB lacks a true political unity and the prerogative which it has been granted has no counterpart within the European Parliament, a long way from enjoying legitimacy through the national parliaments, and who se action is not always guided by the common interest, could turn out to be remedy that is worse than the ilIness
Bationo, Bassambié. "La transmission de la politique monétaire dans une Union monétaire : cas de l'Union Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UMOA)." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090054.
Full textThe objective of this work is to analyze the transmission channels of monetary policy in the context of a monetary union. We first analyzed governance, independence and transparency of the institutional framework for implementation of monetary policy. Using the model of Grilli et al. (1991), it appears that the BCEAO has a high degree of independence to modern central banks. Then, the estimated structural VAR models on quarterly data, in which interest rates are considered exogenous and other weakly exogenous variables, shows the heterogeneity of the effects of monetary policy in the member countries of the Union and existence of two main transmission channels namely the interbank rate channel and the credit channel. Our results confirm the effects of interest rate small-scale but significant on inflation and investment. The direct effect of interest rates on GDP is small and not significant. Finally, the study of the BCEAO reaction function to address issues related to arbitration between inflation and output in the conduct of monetary policy. The estimate of a modified Taylor rule, incorporating an explicit intermediate target of foreign assets, resulting in a trade for activity since the implementation of the reform of monetary policy in 1989
Fasel, Berger Sylvie. "Le concept d'indépendance des banques centrales : application dans le cadre du Système européen de banques centrales /." Fribourg : [s.n.], 2001. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00033297.pdf.
Full textAdalid, Sébastien. "La BCE et l’Eurosystème : exemple d’intégration verticale." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30086/document.
Full textThe Eurosystem is a unique structure of European Union law which includes the central banks of States that have adopted the euro and the European Central Bank. A theoretical study of the evolution of the exercise of power within the Union demonstrates the emergence of a new methode of integration called "vertical integration." In a dialectical process between theory and reality of the Eurosystem, the main features of the the vertical integration method can be tested and its main qualities and defects disclosed.The method of vertical integration led to the construction of sub-systems composed of national bodies and body of the Union. The method operates in four directions. The sub- system thereby producted relates formally and functionally to the EU and operates in a specific sector which imposes the specificities of its action. It can be said "organized" (its components are interconnected by complex interrelationships guaranteeing the unity and effectiveness of the system). It is independent from the states as it is from the political institutions of the Union.The study of the Eurosystem through this perspective allows to elucidate the nature of this unusual construction whose action in crises - the financial crisis and the sovereign debt crisis - was crucial. Such research can also highlight, under a new perspective, the recent developments in the institutional system of the EU as a whole
Capoën, Fabrice. "Independance des banques centrales : politique budgetaire, politique monetaire." Caen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CAEN0565.
Full textCentral bank independence has recently received a great deal of attention, in both theoretical literature and the public debate. This independence is meant to prevent governments from practizing over-expansionary economic policies, wich, when integrated in private agents expectations, are unable to sustain activity and thus only result in increased inflation. Independence increases the credibility of the government commitment to maintain a low level of inflation. However, the central bank independence rises a problem of internal coordination between monetary and budgetary autorities. The real question is what are the costs and the benefits of coordination and independence in macroeconomic policy ? in a two country static model, the lack of coordination between monetary and budgetary policies worsens the lack of international coordination so as to lead, in an inflationary shock context, to an equilibrium with high interest rates and deep public deficits, whereas the opposite policy-mix would be better. In a two country dynamic model, the conflict between fiscal and monetary policies is different between the short and the long term. In the short term, the two policies are in conflict but, in the long term, the budgetary policy submits to the monetary policy because of the dynamic of the public debt
Tönshoff, Silke. "Die zentralbankpolitische Diskussion des Maastrichter Vertrags in Frankreich, Italien und Deutschland : eine comparative Analyse /." Frankfurt am Main : Peter Lang, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38975097w.
Full textDiana, Giuseppe. "Independance des banques centrales et efficacite des politiques monetaires." Strasbourg 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR1EC14.
Full textGentier, Antoine. "Une analyse économique de la banque : stratégie de financement de la politique de crédit , réglementation et systèmes d'incitations." Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090045.
Full textMayet, Isabelle. "La cooperation entre banques centrales : fondements et mise en oeuvre." Lyon 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO22003.
Full textCentral bank cooperation become a purpose of research more and more important on sight of the evolution of economies'interdependence. Justifications for central bank cooperation and kinds of this cooperation are interesting to study. After the evidence of the central bank's role in the stability of financial system and monetary stability, the study of the development of internationalisation, globalization, interdependence among countries and of risks which they induce allow to justify the need of central bank cooperation so as to better protect the stability of financial system and monetary stability, given the lack of efficiency of uncoordinated policies. A descriptive analysis, theoretical and empirical studies and the translation of central banks'relationships by a gametheoretic approach allow to assert it. As central bank cooperation can internalize spillover effects from the policies of one central bank on the welfare of others and so can be beneficial facing increasingly interdependent economies, we have also studied its feasibility and implementation, by distinguishing cooperation founded on discretion and implicit contracts from cooperation founded on explicit and binding contracts. On account of the first type's limits with regard to payment systems and lender of last ressort function, proposals have been done for the second type, particulary for europe. A similar approach concerned also monetary policy and foreign exchange interventions
Musard, Marie. "Transparence des banques centrales et efficacité de la politique monétaire." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE0506.
Full textScialom, Laurence. "Monnaie et banque centrale en Europe." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100111.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation aims to discuss the creation of a European central bank and a european currency. In the first part the argumentation in favour of the creation of a European central bank is based on both its long term historical dynamic and a theory of money putting the payment system at the center of monetary economy. The second part concerns the institutional organization and the concrete functioning of the future european system of central banks. The discussion is partly based on the analogy with the Federal Reserve System, both in its decentralized functioning period (until 1935) and in its actual structure. The use of this analogy constitutes one of the originalities of this second part. The main developments concern the following issues : the mandate and the independence of the european central bank, the impossibility to apply the principle of subsidiarity in monetary policy, the prudential policy (supervision, prudential regulation, lender of last resort, deposit insurance and the security of payment systems) and the monetary policy both in transitory and final phase of the european monetary unification process
Bakhit, Salma. "Le pouvoir des banques centrales face aux défis des marchés financiers." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2006.
Full textThe thesis proposes, in a first part, to describe the origin of the debate on the need for a central bank up until the recent formulations. They were examined the elements which have posed the bases of an "ultimate lender" and promoted the maturation of this function, as were highlighted the results accumulated over two centuries. Our attention is drawn to the Federal Reserve of the United States. The economists are always in search for solutions to prevent financial crises. It has thus been proposed to extend the dashboard of central banks as to contain asset prices in a macro and micro-prudential approach. In parallel, in order to support this debate, we analyze the mechanisms by which the monetary policy affects the real and financial variables of the economy, which also affirm the role that can be assumed in theory by a central bank on financial markets. The second part focuses on the recurrence and intensity of financial crises. We consider the paradox of excess liquidity and over-indebtedness, with an emphasis on properties of financial markets becoming more vulnerable and their recent development. The contribution of the thesis in this stage consists of checking whether the central bank is responsible of abusive and excessive behavior on the financial markets by the abundant creation of liquidity. Our empirical study should help to answer this question through an econometric modeling and statistical tests (including the Chow test) applied to an active monetary policy (type Taylor rule). In this way, our research on the actions of the Fed aims to forge an opinion on the profession of modern central bankers, and perhaps on the future of central banks themselves
Farvaque, Étienne. "Economie politique des banques centrales, de l'indépendance légale au conservatisme optimal." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL12013.
Full textThe aim of this work is to question the present theoretical consensus on central banks independence. This framework is supposed to solve the time inconsistency problem. However, is this institutional feature able to modify the true nature of monetary policy ? And to which degree can we rely on the models used to assert it ? Our results point out how the concept of conservatism is essential in monetary policy. So, can we define an optimal conservatism, whatever the degree of independence of the authority ? Models of the second part of the work consider output persistence. We analyze the degree of conservatism in two other proposals recently made to solve the time inconsistency problem : optimal contracts for central bankers and inflation targets. Several arguments explain why inflation targets became a strategy concretely implemented by numerous central banks, while being proposed for the european central bank. But, do the results favoring inflation targeting apply to potentially heterogeneous countries ? The fourth chapter deals with this question. We build a model analyzing optimal conservatism in a monetary union with possibly divergent economies. Both persistence and divergent preferences are essential features of the monetary union we study. The model shows multiple equilibria leading to a low, medium or high inflation (and hyper, inflation) regimes, relatively to the degree of influence regional preferences have on monetary policy decisions. To deliver a low inflation regime without neglecting divergent preferences of the union members, we then consider criteria based on the macroeconomic characteristics of the union members, and on the optimal design of monetary institutions
Levieuge, Gregory. "Les banques centrales doivent-elles réagir aux mouvements des prix d'actifs ?" Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE0507.
Full textLotti, Laurence. "Monnaie et organisation des paiements : réglementation abusive ou nécessité théorique ?" Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE0008.
Full textIn the 80th, different plans of monetary reform were published in order to propose deregulation of banking and monetary areas. It's the organization of payments system as we actually know that would be questionned. Considered like a produce of regulation, money could vanish just as central bank which represents state in monetary affairs. So, we can imagine the circulation of government securities, financial assets or private currencies issued from competitive banks. We study the "theory of legal restrictions" from wallace's works within the framework of overlapping generations models, the "black-fama-hall system" belonging to the new monetary economics movement and the hayek's plan, "denationalization of money". These proposals however are inconceivable out of the framework of general equilibrium theory. Assumptions on which they based assume equilibrium is a necessary condition for trade. The mutual compatibility of individual decisions is guaranted, so money can be considered just like an instrument in the service of trade and its management can be private. This situation nevertheless can't describe the real market economy functioning where individual accounts can be not settled at the end of the exchange round. Money allows payment. It's a social entity which has to be accepted by the set of agents. It allows their constitution in a merchant society because it institutes monetary trade as an essential social relation. Se its organization is necesserily supra-individual - institutional - in order to be stabilized and no questionned by private interests. There are theoretic limits to deregulation which show the failure of liberal propositions previously evocated
Cales, Marie-Noëlle. "La delegation de la politique monetaire : reputation ou regles, instrusments de la credibilite." Lyon 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO22002.
Full textThe monetary policy analysis has been deeply renewing for 20 years thanks to new developments inspired by barro and gordon articles (1983 a, b). These works allowed on the one hand, to propose an explanation of inflation by emphasizing the dynamic inconsistency of monetary policy, on the other hand, by conceiving institutional design in order to get inflation under control. By putting pressure upon monetary policymaker incentives, it is possible to prompt him to privilage an anti-inflationist policy. What is at stake is finding design reducing uncertainty and dynamic inconsistency by letting a certain flexibility to monetary authorities. The monetary policy delegation to a conservative central banker constitutes the privilage institutional design in the continuity of rogoff's work (1985). The purpose for our work is to show that dynamic inconsistency is not definitly resolved by this type of design and that it is necessary to modulate the delegation definition according to the context of monetary responsability exercise : on the one hand, by integrating fiscal authorithies in monetary policy game, on the other hand, by reexamining the role of monetary rules. Then the central bank independence with monetary leadership connected with monetary or fiscal rules appears to be an acceptable solution form a monetary policy credibiliy point of view
Le, Maux Laurent. "La banque libre : théorie, expériences, débats." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100101.
Full textAndré, Marine Charlotte. "Implications of adaptive learning for the design of optimal monetary policy." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAB004.
Full textThe dissertation studies the implications of private agents expectations formed with adaptive learning for the optimal monetary policy using New Keynesian models. The obtained results are compared with the literature adopting the hypothesis of rational expectations. The central bank makes the intertemporal trade-off between stabilizing current inflation or the future one that is introduced by adaptive learning expectations. The distortion which is introduced by this latter makes the monetary policy more aggressive, even if the presence of financial market slightly reduces the aggressiveness of the monetary policy. It is optimal for the government to choose a liberal central banker, but this result may be mitigated by adopting a linear inflation contract. Another result is that it is optimal for the central bank to be less instrument-independent compared to rational expectations. The possibility of robust control for monetary policy is limited by adaptive learning in a closed economy, and even more limited in an open economy. My research works give new recommendations for policy making
Warin, Thierry. "Crédibilité des banques centrales et discipline monétaire : un modèle en économie ouverte." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020075.
Full textAyache, Ghassan C. "L'indépendance de la banque du Liban face au pouvoir politique : 1982-1992." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100065.
Full textServigny, Arnaud de. "Un modèle général d'économie financière : financement de l'économie et formation de la structure des taux d'intérêt." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010033.
Full textThis model is a macroeconomic model, based on rational expectation and game theory. The behaviour of several actors is carefully studied, such as : commercial banks consumer central bank long term bond market need for money from real economy the confrontation of these actors in a single model enables to arrive to several conclusions : cooperation between macro actors to arrive to an optimal policy influence of this cooperation on the shape of the term structure of interest rates
Jacob, Dominique. "La banque centrale et le secret." Bordeaux 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR40039.
Full textMust the central bank revele or not its private information ? This question must take account of the diversity of the information sets of the agents to which the central bank address its announcements. By using extraction signal models (cokierman and meltzer 1986) and cheap talk models (stein 1989, garfinkel and oh, 1995), this thesis gives a strategic justification for ambiguity and secrecy in banking and exchange rate policy. It concludes to the superiority of transparence in monetary policy. These conclusions could be applied to the politic of the european central bank
Nosetti, Pietro. "Les banques centrales et l'approche contractuelle de l'indépendance : les enseignements du cas néo-zélandais /." Fribourg (Suisse) : [s.n.], 2003. http://ethesis.unifr.ch/theses/2003/NosettiP/these.html.
Full textMahjoub-Ayoub, Ons. "Crédibilité des banques centrales et substitution des monnaies : la recherche de la qualité monétaire." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32026.
Full textMagnier, Chloé. "La marge d'intervention des banques centrales sur les taux d'intérêt : du SME à l'euro." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100080.
Full textAs interest rate policy has become the main instrument to support Central bank monetary policy to insure price stability and support temporarily economic activity, the aim of this thesis is to analyse factors which limit a central bank's ability to use it's interest rates. The study covers the recent period of post-financial deregulation and largely uses econometric tools. The study focuses on European Central Banks during the characteristic period of the EMS and at the ECB today. First, we show that the main constraint for Central Banks emerges from the singularly nature of interest rates underlined by theoretical literature. The recent financial globalisation has tended to exacerbate other types of constraints. We have singled out three crucial constraints : an exchange rate constraint, an uncertainty and a credibility constraint. We then show that prior to the ERM, the foreign exchange constraint was affecting all the central banks-albeit aat various degrees. This constraint has not disappeared with the start of the EUR, but it's nature heas changed, and we see that it has created a stronger bound between the US and the European monetary policies. However, we also show that the further internationalisation of the Euro, the exchange rate constraint will tend to diminish. Then, the ECB will be left facing the uncertainty constraint. This constraint relates to the difficulty for Central banks to identify the various transmission channels of the monetary policy, eventually affecting the real economy. This means that Central banks will use interest rate policy even more carefully. Not only has this constraint affected EMS Central banks before the start of the euro, it has been increased for the ECB, as one central bank is now faced with twelve economic cycles that are not fully harmonised yet. Finally, the conclusion of this thesis considers the tight think that exists between exchange rate constraint and uncertainty constraint on the one hand, and credibility constraint on the other hand. In fact, we show that the first two constraints exist essentially because the central bank has to insure the credibility of it's policy. And credible monetary policy, ultimately depends on market anticipations
Gruner, Hans-Peter. "Crédibilité des banques centrales et salaires nominaux en Europe : analyse théorique et résultats empiriques." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0023.
Full textThe thesis examines theoretically and empirically different solution concepts for the problem of time inconsistency of optimal plans for monetary policy under uncertainty on the central banker's preferences. In chapter 1, two signaling games of menetary policy are considered : game one examines welfare effects of monetary target announcements under uncertainty about the type of central banker in office. Game two examines the effect of hysteresis on the labour market on the results of the repeated monetary policy game. In chapter 2, i analyze a signaling game of monetary policy with a compact two dimensional type-space and increasing costs of deviations from target announcements. The empirical part is based on a game between a monopoly union and a central bank in the presence of labour turnover costs and imperfect credibility of monetary policy. A time-varying parameter model with nonstationary regression intercept is applied to the reduced-form wage and inflationequation of the model to test for changes in insider-power and central bank credibility in france, italy and germany
Naqvi, Bushra. "Essais sur le ciblage de l'inflation : un choix optimal pour les banques centrales asiatiques." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010007.
Full textGianfreda, Giuseppina. "Institutions monétaires et stabilité de la monnaie." Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090045.
Full textCentral bank independence, free-banking and currency board are analysed in this work from the perspective of monetary stability and a classification of monetary regimes is proposed which is based on three criteria: the existence of a rule governing the circulation of money; its effectiveness; the possibility of elusion thanks to political support. If these criteria are taken into account, conclusions can be reached which are in contrast with the mainstream literature. For example: the case for central bank independence does not rely on the theoretical literature on inflation bias, but is rather empirical; free banking does rely on a strict rule, its weakness being the possibility of informal political intervention; non orthodox currency board does not stabilize expectations, as indirectly witnessed by Argentina, where the crisis originated from monetary restriction due to the attempt to increase credibility by increasing the reserve/circulation ratio
Ponsot, Jean-François. "Le Currency board ou la négation de la Banque centrale : une perspective historique du régime de caisse d'émission." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOE008.
Full textThe intent of this dissertation is to argue that Currency Board Arrangements (CBAs) and, in a wider sense, dollarization, are extreme monetary arrangements that are not viable without a complete integration with the anchor/official currency-issuing country. British colonial CBAs - the first generation of CBAs - were systematically associated with strong - indeed exclusive - commercial, financial and political connections with the mother country. Recent adoptions of CBAs - the second generation of CBAs - disregard these integration purposes. In contrast to past practices, the first aim is to import monetary stability in order to boost credibility of emerging countries involved in financial globalization. We show that such a strategy is doubtful: the constraints inherent in the rigidity of the CBA have a negative effect on the stability of the domestic financial system, the growth dynamic and the adjustment process
Soumare, Ibrahima. "La politique monétaire à taux zéro et ses implications sur les marchés financiers : le cas de la banque du Japon." Rouen, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625254.
Full textThe importance of the zero lower bound on nominal short term rates for the monetary authorities in the late 90s in Japan and recently in the United States. The recent experience of Japan as well as low levels of interest rates of Federal Reserve System, the European Central Bank and the Bank of England have fueled the debate on the effectiveness of monetary policy when the instrument rate of central bank reached the zero bound. This thesis aims to analyze the influence of monetary policy when the interest rates are bounded at zero. Faced with a threat of deflation, the central bank has so far not denied, even if his rate has been lowered to a level close to the zero bound. Many recent researches, theoretical and empirical, rose particularly by the economic policy debates around the "lost decade" of Japan show that the central banks can implement a range of mesures called unconventional monetary policy to avert the threat a liquidity crisis
Brière, Marie. "L' influence des représentations collectives sur les marchés de taux, le rôle des banques centrales et des experts." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100046.
Full textIn this thesis work, we studied the interest rate formation mechanisms. We wanted to show that there exits collective perceptions (on economy and monetary policy) in interest rates markets and to exhibit the role of central banks and economist-experts in their elaboration. In the first part of the thesis, we analyze the results of interest rates models. We show that there are anomalies in interest rates, and exhibit the role of collective perceptions in financial markets to explain these anomalies. . . In the second part, we show that thanks to their communication, central banks transmit a certain conception of the economy and monetary policy to the markets. . . The third part of the thesis is dedicated to the analysis of the role of experts in the formation of market perceptions. .
Rzepkowski, Bronka. "Les anticipations du marché révélées par les options de change." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100112.
Full textJarno, Franck. "Conduite de la politique monétaire : l'utilisation des cibles d'inflation." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090030.
Full textInflation targeting regime has progressively become framework of monetary policy conducting since the first experience of New Zealand in 1989, and interest of economic analysis. Its characteristics – central bank independency and responsibility, publicity of an inflation target – have permitted to overpass the traditional oppositions, rules versus discretion, flexibility versus rigidity. . . Nonetheless, the inscription of central bank inside a strategic relations network requires to reestimate the question of central bank independency, particularly due to the influence of financial markets on the conduct of monetary policy. At end, the analysis of the monetary policy council – composition, nature and reelection of mandate – contributes to reevalue the concepts of independency and transparency of the monetary authority through the phenomenon of socialization of central banker
Villard, Duran Camila. "L'encadrement juridique de l'accountability de la politique monétaire : une étude de la Banque centrale brésilienne (Bacen), de la Banque centrale européenne (BCE) et de la Réserve fédérale des États-Unis (Fed)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010266.
Full textNkodia, Kibo Mathat. "Les relations entre le trésor public francais et les banques centrales de la zone franc." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020004.
Full textThe monetary agreements of France and the CFA franc zone are based on the permanent free convertibility of the CFA. In this case, the French Treasury supports the free convertibility of the CFA franc into Euros and other currencies with a fixed change rate. The BCEAO and the BEAC accordingly cannot suffer from the lack of changes risk for, they are both guaranteed by France. Such a parity and interdependence principles inherited from the colonial period was renewed in the 1960's up to 2005 reforms. The main goals of this cooperation are the economical development and monetary solidarity safety. Some institutions have been created in order to achieve those goals. In anticipation of the coming of the Euro in 1999, the competent French authorities convinced the European Union to maintain the monetary agreements France has with the African countries using the CFA currency. Nevertheless, such agreements compound some shortcomings which require new ideas
Delalande, Daniel. "La demande de coordination internationale des politiques économiques : analyse théorique et application aux sommets des pays industrialisés : 1975-1994." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010079.
Full textGovernments regurlaly ask for a better international coordination of economic policy. According to economic theory, they're right in doing so since economic gains are to be expected. However, empirical as well as historical studies show that these gains are uncertain and, anyway, rather small. Our purpose has then been to enrich the traditional explanation of coordination demand by taking explicitly into account its political dimension. This approach leads to analyze coordination as a two-level game: at the internal level, the political leader negociates his coordination demand with interests groups, the central bank and the parliament ; at the external level, he negociates with his counterparts. The coordination demand can then be interpreted as the result of interest groups pressures, as as a way to circumvent the central bank or the parliament, as an instrument used by the political leader to achieve his own ends, or as the reflection of the historical and cultural country's past. The different explanatory factors that we drew from the analysis were tested on the case of G7 summits ; exchange rates stabilization and coordinated global reflation demands were studied from 1975 to 1994, using simple, ordored and bivariate probit models. The result show that bad economic forecasts (comparatively to those of other countries) incline the political leader to ask for coordination. The hypothesis that a political leader will use coordination as a means to promote the efficiency of his internal economic policy and to emphasize its consistency with his external action, is only partially supported. On the other hand, external economic constraints seem to play an important role, as well as the leader's partisan preferences. The study also shows that political leaders hesitate to ask for coordination when they are in political difficulties and it induces to relativize the influence of pressure groups and historico-cultural characteristics. Finally, ceteris paribus, the fact that a political leader demand an international expansion increases the probability of stabilisation exchange rate demand and conversely. In sum, coordination demand is influenced by economic and political factors, and among these last, come clearly the ideological preferences
Diouf, Ibrahima. "Analyse positive de décisions de politique monétaire dans le cas des systèmes africains." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010002.
Full textPublic choice analysis shows that monetary policy is a result of bargain between the central bank and the government. Normative theory of monetary policy must be complete by a positive theory in order to take in consideration effective goals of central bankers. This approach take these references to political monetary cycle theories which underline influences of political on the monetary policy choices. Central bank has been established as responsible of monetary policy in industrialised countries with democratic insitutions. It seems that monetary decisions are influenced by either political and economical factors. We examine how this analysis can be applied to african countries. In this former case the central bank is more receptive to political influence, so its autonomy becomes limited. These characteristics result from the financial system constraints and a few level of democracy; but also from a ligh rate of political instability in these countries. As consequence the central bank can sometimes be a puppet or a robot to the treasury of fiscal authority which is synonymous with the government. Our study is going to formalise the behaviour of monetary authorities, regarding the specificities of political market and bureaucratic habits in African countries. We show that inflation choices are connected to bureaucratic goals. Empirical test generally confirm the relative primacy of political or and bureaucratic goals on economics objectives
Hamdi, Helmi. "Innovations financières et monétaires : la transformation des stratégies bancaires en univers concurrentiel." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32050.
Full textSue, Virginie. "Le conflit potentiel pour la Banque Centrale entre les objectifs de stabilité des prix et de stabilité financière : fondements, analyses et perspectives." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020057.
Full textQin, Li. "Uncertainty, robust control and optimal monetary policy design." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR1EC06.
Full textThis thesis analyze the conduct of monetary policy in the presence of uncertainty. By adopting the framework proposed by Hansen and Sargent (2003), we analyze the behaviors of monetary authorities and private agents when faced with various sources of uncertainty, as well as their consequences in terms of macroeconomic performances. Our work shows that, in order to guard against the possibly catastrophic results of the worst-case scenario, central bankers have to react in an active manner, by manipulating the interest rate. However, in an open economy, the magnitude of this adjustment decreases with the degree of openness. Also, greater transparency of the central bank's objectives, by reducing preference uncertainty, will attenuate the variations of macroeconomic variables that follow the consideration of possible erroneous specifications. It is thus advisable to reveal informations about the central bankers' preferences, including their own estimates of the degree of model uncertainty