Journal articles: 'Independence'

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Satkauskytė, Dalia. "Independence’s Dependence, Dependence’s Independence." Colloquia 54 (January 7, 2025): 149–53. https://doi.org/10.51554/coll.24.54.09.

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Hakim, Muh Ridha. "TAFSIR INDEPENDENSI KEKUASAAN KEHAKIMAN DALAM PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI / INTERPRETATION OF JUDICIAL POWER INDEPENDENCE IN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISIONS." Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 7, no. 2 (July 29, 2018): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.7.2.2018.279-296.

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Artikel ini mengkaji mengenai independensi kekuasaan kehakiman yang ditinjau dari Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Independensi kekuasaan kehakiman merupakan keharusan dalam sebuah negara hukum (rechtstaat). Negara hukum baik dalam konsep Rule of Law ataupun Rechtstaat, menempatkan peradilan yang bebas dan tidak memihak (independence and impartiality of judiciary) sebagai salah satu cirinya. Akan tetapi, kemerdekaan tersebut bukanlah tanpa batasan sehingga dapat diterjemahkan dengan seluas-luasnya. Sering kali dalam praktiknya independensi didalilkan untuk berlindung atas suatu perbuatan yang tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Oleh karenanya, perlu dilakukan penggalian makna independensi kekuasaan kehakiman sebagaimana amanat Pasal 24 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Pasal 24 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 menyatakan bahwa “kekuasaan kehakiman merupakan kekuasaan yang merdeka untuk menyelenggarakan peradilan guna menegakkan hukum dan keadilan”. Oleh karenanya, pertimbangan dari Mahkamah Konstitusi terkait putusan-putusan yang menjadikan Pasal 24 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 sebagai batu uji dalam pengujian undang-undang layak untuk dikaji dan diangkat menjadi tafsiran mengenai makna independensi kekuasaan kehakiman. Tulisan ini menggali pandangan hakim dalam putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi yang memuat pertimbangan mengenai independensi kekuasaan kehakiman. Penulisan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Tulisan ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan bahan hukum primernya adalah Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode kualitatif.This article examines the independence of judiciary by reviewing the Constitutional Court Decisions. Independence of judiciary is an absolute fact in a state of law (rechtstaat). A state of law, in the concept of Rule of Law or Rechtstaat, lists independence and impartiality of judiciary as one of its characteristics. However, independence is not as free as everybody can freely interpret the law. Often, in practice, independence is postulated so as to provide protection from an act that cannot be accounted for. Therefore, it is necessary to delve into the meaning of judicial power independency as mandated by Article 24 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution. Article 24 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution states that “judicial power is an independent power to administer judicial proceedings to enforce the law and justice”. For that reason, it is reasonable that the Constitutional Court’s reasoning in relation to the decisions that render Article 24 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution a touchstone in the judicial review of the laws be investigated and regarded as an interpretation of the meaning of judicial power independence. This paper studies the views of the judges in the Constitutional Court decisions that contain the court’s reasoning regarding the judicial power independence. This paper was written by employing a juridical-normative method through a conceptual approach and a case approach. This paper uses secondary data with the Constitutional Court Decisions as the primary legal materials. The data were analyzed using a qualitative method.

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Nigam, Attendra. "Women in Pre Independence and Post Independence." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (August 31, 2018): 1212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd17070.

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Sosa Wagner, Francisco. "La independencia del juez = The independence of judges." Revista Jurídica de la Universidad de León, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rjule.v0i8.7070.

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La historia de la independencia de los jueces es una historia a la búsqueda precisamente de su tergiversación y vaciamiento. Una historia triste. Así fue a lo largo de todo el siglo XIX donde no hay momento, si tomamos como punto de partida la Constitución de Cádiz, que no haya sido maltratada por los gobernantes. Desde ese momento inicial hasta nuestros días los derroteros seguidos han sido muy inquietantes. Un análisis crítico sobre lo que se ha designado como “politización de la justicia” será la guía de esta reflexión con la que se abrió formalmente el curso En defensa de la Constitución.The history of the independence of judges is a history in search precisely of its misrepresentation and emptying. A sad history. This was the case throughout the 19th century, when there is no moment, if we take as a starting point the Constitution of Cadiz, that has not been mistreated by the rulers. From that initial moment to the present day, the paths followed have been very disturbing. A critical analysis of what has been called the "politicization of justice" will guide this reflection, which formally opened the course In Defense of the Constitution.

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5

Rezvani, David A. "Partial Independence Beats Full Independence." Territory, Politics, Governance 4, no. 3 (July 27, 2015): 269–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21622671.2015.1053517.

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Tsumoto, Shusaku. "Statistical Independence as Linear Independence." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 82, no. 4 (March 2003): 274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0661(04)80725-4.

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7

Bessy, S., and D. Rautenbach. "Relating broadcast independence and independence." Discrete Mathematics 342, no. 12 (December 2019): 111589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2019.07.005.

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Mulyadi Dwi Hariyanto and Faris Ramadhan. "Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Independensi Terhadap Kualitas Audit Dengan Etika Auditor Sebagai Variabel Moderating Study Kasus Auditor BPK Perwakilan KEPRI." Akuntansi 2, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 342–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/akuntansi.v2i4.1489.

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This study investigates the influence of competency and independence against the quality of audit and also examines whether competency and independence moderated by auditor ethics influence the audit quality, remember both of those are important to result in good audit quality. The result indicates that the independent variable competency affected audit quality significantly and the independent variable that independency affected audit quality but not significantly. Besides that, this research found that the interaction between competency and auditor ethics and also the interaction between independence and auditor ethics have a significant effect on the quality of audit. The conclusion obtained is competency, the interaction between competency and ethics, and also the interaction between independence and ethics that influence the audit quality significantly. and independent variable that independency effected audit quality but not significantly, For future research expected can use other moderating variables influencing independence, competency, and also audit quality

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Manzel, Sarah, and Michael Schürmann. "Non-commutative stochastic independence and cumulants." Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics 20, no. 02 (June 2017): 1750010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219025717500102.

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In a fundamental lemma we characterize “generating functions” of certain functors on the category of algebraic non-commutative probability spaces. Special families of such generating functions correspond to “unital, associative universal products” on this category, which again define a notion of non-commutative stochastic independence. Using the fundamental lemma, we prove the existence of cumulants and of “cumulant Lie algebras” for all independences coming from a unital, associative universal product. These include the five independences (tensor, free, Boolean, monotone, anti-monotone) appearing in Muraki’s classification, c-free independence of Bożejko and Speicher, the indented product of Hasebe and the bi-free independence of Voiculescu. We show how the non-commutative independence can be reconstructed from its cumulants and cumulant Lie algebras.

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Rattanamoong, Jittinart, and Vichian Laohakosol. "Degree of independence of numbers." Mathematica Slovaca 71, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 615–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ms-2021-0007.

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Abstract A new concept of independence of real numbers, called degree independence, which contains those of linear and algebraic independences, is introduced. A sufficient criterion for such independence is established based on a 1988 result of Bundschuh, which in turn makes use of a generalization of Liouville’s estimate due to Feldman in 1968. Applications to numbers represented by Cantor series and product expansions are derived.

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11

Ariska, Tisa. "Penerapan Prinsip Independensi di Kalangan Wartawan Foto Kota Bandung." Annaba: Jurnal Ilmu Jurnalistik 2, no. 1 (October 26, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/annaba.v2i1.2782.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana wartawan foto menerapkan prinsip independensi dalam pemahaman pemaknaan dan pengimplementasiannya selama bekerja di media, karena praktik intervensi dalam pemberitaan menjadi salah satu fenomena yang sudah biasa dalam pers Indonesia yang bertentangan dengan prinsip independensi wartawan. Dengan menggunakan deskriptif dan pendekatan kualitatif, metode tersebut dapat memberikan deskripsi, gambaran, atau lukisan secara sistematis, faktual dan akurat. Sehingga hasil penelitian ini pertama, Wartawan Foto Bandung memahami independensi berdasarkan pengetahuannya melalui latar belakang pendidikan, dunia kerja dan lingkungan, memahami independensi sebagai kebebasan dari masyarakat pemilik modal dan media dan memahami pandangannya bahwa independensi itu penting untuk menjaga kebenarannya agar tetap dipercaya oleh masyarakat. Kedua, Wartawan Foto Bandung memaknai prinsip independensi berdasarkan pengalaman yang dirasakan saat bekerja This study aims to find out how photojournalists apply the principle of independence in understanding its meaning and implementation while working in the media, because the practice of intervention in reporting is one of the common phenomena in the Indonesian press which is contrary to the principle of journalist independence. By using descriptive and qualitative approaches, these methods can provide descriptions, descriptions, or paintings in a systematic, factual and accurate manner. So that the results of this study are first, Bandung Photo Journalists understand independence based on their knowledge through educational background, the world of work and the environment, understand independence as freedom from the people who own capital and the media and understand their view that independence is important to maintain the truth so that it remains trusted by the community. Second, Bandung Photo Journalists interpret the principle of independence based on the experience they feel at work.

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12

Lubis, Muhammad Rezeki Akbar, Jusmani Jusmani, and Totok Sudianto. "Pengaruh Akuntabilitas dan Independensi Auditor Terhadap Kualitas Audit Pada Kantor Akuntan Publik Di Kota Palembang." Jurnal Media Wahana Ekonomika 21, no. 4 (February 1, 2025): 673–85. https://doi.org/10.31851/jmwe.v21i4.18060.

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ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi dampak akuntabilitas dan independensi terhadap kualitas audit di Kantor Akuntan Publik di Kota Palembang. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data primer. Sampel penelitian mencakup seluruh anggota populasi, yaitu 60 auditor yang bekerja di Kantor Akuntan Publik di Kota Palembang. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner, sementara analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan, akuntabilitas dan independensi memiliki pengaruh terhadap kualitas audit. Secara individu, akuntabilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas audit, begitu juga dengan independensi. Selain itu, kombinasi akuntabilitas dan independensi auditor juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas audit. Kata Kunci: Akuntabilitas, Independensi, Kualitas Audit. ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to explore the impact of accountability and independence on audit quality in Public Accounting Firms in Palembang City. The data used in this research is primary data. The research sample includes all members of the population, namely 60 auditors who work at the Public Accounting Firm in Palembang City. The data collection method used was a questionnaire, while data analysis was carried out quantitatively. The research results show that overall, accountability and independence have an influence on audit quality. Individually, accountability has a significant effect on audit quality, as does independence. Apart from that, the combination of auditor accountability and independence also has a significant effect on audit quality. Keywords : Accountability, Independence, Audit Quality.

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AMOR, NAHLA BEN, and SALEM BENFERHAT. "GRAPHOID PROPERTIES OF QUALITATIVE POSSIBILISTIC INDEPENDENCE RELATIONS." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 13, no. 01 (February 2005): 59–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021848850500331x.

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Independence relations play an important role in uncertain reasoning based on Bayesian networks. In particular, they are useful in decomposing joint distributions into more elementary local ones. Recently, in a possibility theory framework, several qualitative independence relations have been proposed, where uncertainty is encoded by means of a complete pre-order between states of the world. This paper studies the well-known graphoid properties of these qualitative independences. Contrary to the probabilistic independence, several qualitative independence relations are not necessarily symmetric. Therefore, we also analyze the symmetric counterparts of graphoid properties (called reverse graphoid properties).

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14

Nurmala, Emilda, Jusmani, and Aryo Arifin. "Analisis Independensi, Kompetensi, Program, Pelaksanaan Dan Laporan Audit Auditor Internal Terhadap Pemasaran Dan Penjualan Pada PT Pegadaian Kantor Wilayah III Palembang." Jurnal Media Wahana Ekonomika 20, no. 2 (July 30, 2023): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31851/jmwe.v20i2.12730.

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ABSTRAK  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis independensi, kompetensi, program, pelaksanaan dan laporan auditor internal terhadap pemasaran dan penjualan pada PT Pegadaian Kantor Wilayah III Palembaang, dimana data penelitian berupa kuesioner yang di isi oleh 40 responden merupakan pegawai PT Pegadaian Kantor Wilayah III Palembang. Variabel independen ada lima yaitu independensi, kompetensi, program, pelaksanaan dan laporan audit, variabel dependen pemasaran dan penjualan. Analisis data menguji asumsi klasik, regresi linear dan hipotesis dengan program SPSS. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan independensi, kompetensi, program, pelaksanaan dan laporan audit mempengaruhi pemasaran sebesar 43,8% dan mempengaruhi penjualan sebesar 40,4%. Secara simultan independensi, kompetensi, program, pelaksanaan dan laporan audit berpengaruh terhadap pemasaran dan penjualan. Secara Parsial Pelaksanaan audit berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pemasaran dan penjualan sedangkan independensi, kompetensi, program dan laporan audit tidak berpengaruh signifikan.  Kata Kunci : Independensi, kompetensi, program, pelaksanaan, laporan audit, pemasaran dan penjualan. ABSTRACT  This study aims to analyze independence, competence, programs, implementation and reports of internal auditors on marketing and sales at PT Pegadaian Regional Office III Palembang, where the research data is in the form of a questionnaire filled out by 40 respondents who are employees of PT Pegadaian Regional Office III Palembang. There are five independent variables, namely independence, competence, programs, implementation and audit reports, the dependent variable marketing and sales. Data analysis tested the classical assumptions, linear regression and hypotheses with the SPSS program. Research results show independence, competence, programs, implementation and audit reports affect marketing by 43.8% and affect sales by 40.4%. Simultaneously independence, competence, programs, implementation and audit reports affect marketing and sales. Partially the implementation of audits has a significant effect on marketing and sales while independence, competence, programs and audit reports have no significant effect. Keywords: Independence, competency, program, implementation, audit report, marketing and sales.

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15

Henley, Jim. "Independence." Hudson Review 51, no. 2 (1998): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3853071.

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Clancy, Thomas R. "Independence." JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration 38, no. 9 (September 2008): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nna.0000323962.37168.a0.

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Sweeney, Cameron Young. "Independence." JAAPA 37, no. 9 (August 27, 2024): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jaa.0000000000000117.

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Shalo, Sibyl. "Independence." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 108, no. 3 (March 2008): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000312270.40356.67.

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Allingham, Sue. "Independence." Early Years Educator 10, no. 1 (April 2008): ii—iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2008.10.1.28960.

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Blum, Jonathan. "Independence." Hopkins Review 18, no. 2 (March 2025): 63–84. https://doi.org/10.1353/thr.2025.a958167.

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Paolini, Gianluca. "Independence logic and abstract independence relations." Mathematical Logic Quarterly 61, no. 3 (May 2015): 202–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/malq.201400031.

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Palley, Thomas. "CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE: A RIGGED DEBATE BASED ON FALSE POLITICS AND ECONOMICS." Investigación Económica 78, no. 310 (October 24, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fe.01851667p.2019.310.71547.

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ABSTRACTThe case for central bank independence is built on an intellectual two-step. Step one argues there is a problem of inflation prone government. Step two argues independence is the solution to that problem. This paper challenges that case and shows it is based on false politics and economics. The paper argues central bank independence is a product of neoliberal economics and aims to institutionalize neoliberal interests. As regards economics, independence rests on a controversial construction of macroeconomics and also fails according to its own microeconomic logic. That failure applies to both goal independence and operational independence. It is a myth to think a government can set goals for the central bank and then leave it to the bank to impartially and neutrally operationalize those goals. Democratic countries may still decide to implement central bank independence, but that decision is a political one with non-neutral economic and political consequences. It is a grave misrepresentation to claim independence solves a fundamental public interest economic problem, and economists make themselves accomplices by claiming it does. INDEPENDENCIA DEL BANCO CENTRAL: UN DEBATE AMAÑADO BASADO EN POLÍTICA Y ECONOMÍA FALSAS RESUMEN La cuestión de la independencia del banco central consiste en un proceso intelectual de dos fases. En la primera fase se argumenta que existe el problema de que el gobierno es proclive a la inflación. En la segunda fase se señala que la independencia del gobierno es la solución a este problema. En este artículo desafiamos esta cuestión y se muestra que se basa en política y economía falsas. Argumentamos que la independencia del banco central es un producto de la economía neoliberal y que aspira a institucionalizar los intereses neoliberales. En lo que concierne a la economía, la independencia se basa en una construcción controvertida de la macroeconomía y también fracasa de acuerdo con su propia lógica microeconómica. Ese fracaso aplica tanto para la independencia del objetivo como para la operativa. Es un mito pensar que el gobierno puede establecer objetivos para el banco central y luego permitir que éste los opere de forma imparcial y neutral. Los países democráticos pueden decidir implementar la independencia del banco central, pero la decisión es política y no es neutral en sus consecuencias económicas y políticas. La proposición de que la independencia resuelve un problema económico de interés público fundamental es una interpretación equivocada grave y los economistas se vuelven cómplices al sostener que en efecto lo resuelve.

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Hamedani, G. G., and Hans W. Volkmer. "Conditional moments, sub-independence and independence II." Risk and Decision Analysis 3, no. 4 (2012): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/rda-2012-0069.

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Lang, J., P. Liberatore, and P. Marquis. "Propositional Independence - Formula-Variable Independence and Forgetting." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 18 (June 1, 2003): 391–443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1113.

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Independence -- the study of what is relevant to a given problem of reasoning -- has received an increasing attention from the AI community. In this paper, we consider two basic forms of independence, namely, a syntactic one and a semantic one. We show features and drawbacks of them. In particular, while the syntactic form of independence is computationally easy to check, there are cases in which things that intuitively are not relevant are not recognized as such. We also consider the problem of forgetting, i.e., distilling from a knowledge base only the part that is relevant to the set of queries constructed from a subset of the alphabet. While such process is computationally hard, it allows for a simplification of subsequent reasoning, and can thus be viewed as a form of compilation: once the relevant part of a knowledge base has been extracted, all reasoning tasks to be performed can be simplified.

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LENCZEWSKI, ROMUALD. "REDUCTION OF FREE INDEPENDENCE TO TENSOR INDEPENDENCE." Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics 07, no. 03 (September 2004): 337–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219025704001682.

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In the hierarchy of freeness construction, free independence was reduced to tensor independence in the weak sense of convergence of moments. In this paper we show how to reduce free independence to tensor independence in the strong sense. We construct a suitable unital *-algebra of closed operators "affiliated" with a given unital *-algebra and call the associated closure "monotone". Then we prove that monotone closed operators of the form [Formula: see text] are free with respect to a tensor product state, where X(k) are tensor independent copies of a random variable X and (pk) is a sequence of orthogonal projections. For unital free *-algebras, we construct a monotone closed analog of a unital *-bialgebra called a "monotone closed quantum semigroup" which implements the additive free convolution, without using the concept of dual groups.

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San Pedro, Iñaki. "Measurement independence, parameter independence and non-locality." European Journal for Philosophy of Science 4, no. 3 (July 17, 2014): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13194-014-0091-8.

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Matúš, František. "Stochastic independence, algebraic independence and abstract connectedness." Theoretical Computer Science 134, no. 2 (November 1994): 455–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(94)90248-8.

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Attendra, Nigam. "Women in Pre Independence and Post Independence." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 5 (August 18, 2018): 1212–16. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd17070.

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Women in ancient India were held in high esteem. The position of a woman in the Vedas and the Upanishads was that of a mother maata or goddess Devi . In the Manusmriti, woman was considered as a precious being o be projected first by her father, then by her brother and husband and finally by, her son. With the passage of time, the status of woman was lowered. Muscle power and money power dominated the societies. Since men fought the wars and ran the enterprises of industrial production, they considered themselves superior to woman. In the early Vedic age, girls were looked after with care. They were given the facilities of education. Remarriage of windows was permitted. But in the later Vedic period, daughters were regarded as a source of misery. The practice of polygamy deteriorated the status of woman. Women in the later civilizations were not allowed to go to schools. In the Gupta period, they were allowed to listen to the scriptures. In the medieval period, the practices of purdha system, dowry and sati came into being. Sati and PolyGram were glorified.. It is thought that the right place for woman ins the home. Her main duty is to cook to all other menial jobs. They are considered fit for producing and bringing up children. Thus, women have been deprived of their rightful place in society and exploitation. has been going on for centuries. The inhuman practice of sati where the wife burns herself alive in the funeral pyre of husband existed through the centuries. Raja Ram Mohan Roy fought against this evil practice and it was finally abolished by Lard William Bentinck in 1829. After the development of science and technology, female foeticide is being practiced on a large scale. This has led to a drop in the female ratio. According to the census 2001, the sex ratio in India is 927 females to 1,000 males. Dowry have become common. The more educated and well employed a groom, the higher is the dowry demand. The birth of a girl child is, therefore, considered inauspicious. In many parts of India, women are viewed as an economic liability despite contribution in several ways to our society and economy. Early marriages lead to teenage pregnancies which often prove risky to both the mother and the child. Rape, sexual harassment, molestation, eve teasing, forced prostitution, etc are a common affair today. The crime graph against women is increasing at an alarming rate. The condition of an Indian widow is quite deplorable. At home, the womans contribution towards home as a housewife is not recognized. Sexual harassment at work places is also a common affair. It is a shame that even after over sixty years of independence women are still exploited. The 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments have provided 33 percent reservation for women in the Panchayati Raj System. Women have now started demanding their rights. They want to work side by side with men and contribution towards the social, economic and political development of the society. Attendra Nigam "Women in Pre Independence and Post Independence" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd17070.pdf

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Siraj, Siraj, Arditya Prayogi, Moh Rofiki, and Nawang Kalbuana. "RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PESANTREN LAW IN THE FRAME OF PESANTREN INDEPENDENCE." Jurnal Multidisipliner Bharasa 1, no. 2 (August 26, 2022): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56691/jurnalmultidisiplinerbharasa.v1i2.246.

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Pesantren in the annals of history plays an important role in the world of education, economics and politics. The economy of pesantren has fundamentally prepared itself as an organizational independence in maintaining its existence. The MORA regulation hints at the independence of pesantren with a roadmap of independence as the main guideline. Meanwhile, the Pesantren Law has not specifically mentioned this. This paper seeks to explain the implementation of the independence of pesantren and the need for reconstruction of the Pesantren Law in the perspective of the pesantren m andirian. This research uses a literature approach. The results of the study show the need for a discourse on the reconstruction of articles in the Pesantren Law in line with the pesantren independence program and the programs or technical implementations under it, starting from the funding of pesantren, the roadmap for pesantren independence, to technical guidelines for pesantren business assistance. Abstrak Pesantren dalam catatan sejarah memainkan peran penting dalam dunia pendidikan, ekonomi dan politik. Ekonomi pesantren pada dasarnya telah mempersiapkan diri sebagai independensi organisasi dalam mempertahankan eksistensinya. Peraturan Kemenag mengisyaratkan independensi pesantren dengan roadmap kemerdekaan sebagai pedoman utama. Sementara itu, UU Pesantren belum secara spesifik menyebutkan hal tersebut. Tulisan ini berupaya menjelaskan pelaksanaan independensi pesantren dan perlunya rekonstruksi UU Pesantren dalam perspektif pesantren m andirian. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlunya wacana rekonstruksi pasal-pasal dalam UU Pesantren sejalan dengan program kemandirian pesantren dan program atau teknis pelaksanaan di bawahnya, mulai dari pendanaan pesantren, roadmap kemandirian pesantren, hingga petunjuk teknis bantuan usaha pesantren

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Joshi, Narendera Prashad, Prakash Kafle, Babita Khanal, Dipak Yadav, Pramod Kumar Chaudhary, and Marvin Dewan. "Impact of Tailored Intensive Rehabilitation on Functional Independence and Quality of Life in Brain Tumor Patients: A Prospective Observational Study." Journal of Nobel Medical College 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v12i2.61349.

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Background: Brain tumors are a heterogeneous group causing disability. They significantly impact functional independence and quality of life. This study aims to investigate how tailored intensive rehabilitation affects brain tumor patients using the functional independency measure score. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational correctional study conducted in the department of Neurophysiotherapy and Neurosurgery at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar over a period of 18 months. A total of 96 brain tumor patients who underwent surgery at a tertiary care centerduring the study period were included. Along with the demographic data, the diagnosis ofbrain tumor functional independency was assessed using the Functional Independence Measure Index. Results: A total of 96 brain tumor patients (44 males, 52 females, average age 55.6 years) were studied. The tumors' distribution showed variations, with glial tumors being the most frequent (36.4%). The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Index was used to assess functional independence, yielding an average score of 82.5. Patients with meningioma had higher FIM scores (84.3) compared to glial cell tumor patients (80.1), although not statistically significant (p = 0.122).The study also explored correlations between FIM scores, hospital stay duration (average 9 days), and patient satisfaction. A weak positive correlation (r = 0.25) existed between FIM scores and hospital stay duration.A moderate positive correlation (r = 0.65) was found between FIM scores and patient satisfaction, suggesting higher satisfaction among patients with better functional independence. Conclusion: Intensive rehabilitation therapy shows promise in improving functional independence in brain tumor patients.

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Smirnova, Irina Ya, and Marina A. Skvortsova. "Theoretical approaches to the formation of educational independence in children of primary school age in a modern educational organization." Vestnik of Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics 29, no. 2 (September 29, 2023): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2023-29-2-101-108.

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The article is devoted to the actual problem of the formation of educational independence in children of primary school age at the first stage of general education. The paper reveals theoretical and methodological approaches to the concept of “educational independenceˮ, presents the essential characteristics of the formation of the process of educational independence in the scientific psychological and pedagogical literature: the tasks, features and stages of the organization of this process in younger schoolchildren are identified, the levels of formation of educational independence and criteria for their evaluation are formulated. The authors analyzed the domestic experience of the formation of educational independence of children of primary school age. Based on the analysis of programs for the formation of educational independence in the initial level of a general education organization, the authors characterize the most effective forms, methods and techniques of the teacher's work on the organization of the studied process. The article concludes that it is necessary to allocate a set of structural components of the educational activity management system of primary school students, which orient them to the manifestation of educational independence.

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Pérez Calentey, Esteban. "UN ENSAYO CRÍTICO SOBRE LA INDEPENDENCIA/AUTONOMÍA DE LA BANCA CENTRAL SEGÚN EL PARADIGMA DOMINANTE." Investigación Económica 79, no. 311 (December 10, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fe.01851667p.2020.311.72436.

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La independencia del banco central se refiere a la independencia política y operacional para lograr y mantener la estabilidad de precios. La independencia política se justificó sobre la base que no era posible explotar la existencia de un trade-off en un mundo con agentes racionales. Los intentos de hacerlo daban lugar a un problema de inconsistencia intertemporal en la política económica. Además, la hipótesis de expectativas racionales limitaba significativamente el marco de acción de los banqueros centrales. La independencia de instrumentos acabó sustentándose en los marcos de metas de inflación explícitos o implícitos. La evidencia empírica muestra que el trade-off entre inflación y desempleo goza de buena salud y que la inflación disminuyó de manera generalizada en el mundo a partir de la década de 1990, independientemente de los objetivos de la política monetaria y marcos monetarios adoptados. Además, en el contexto actual, existe un claro predominio de los canales de transmisión financieros y de las restricciones financieras, lo que complejiza la independencia de la banca central. A CRITICAL ESSAY ON THE INDEPENDENCE/AUTONOMY OF THE CENTRAL BANK ACCORDING TO THE DOMINANT PARADIGMABSTRACTThe independence of the central bank refers to political independence and operational independence to achieve and maintain price stability. Political independence was justified on the basis that it was not possible to exploit the existence of a trade-off in a world with rational agents. Attempts to do so led to a problem of intertemporal inconsistency in economic policy. Moreover, the rational expectations hypothesis significantly limited the framework of action of central bankers. Instrument independence, on the other hand, was based on explicit or implicit inflation targeting frameworks. Empirical evidence shows that the trade-off between inflation and unemployment is well and alive and that inflation declined widely in the 1990s regardless of monetary policy objectives and monetary frameworks adopted. Moreover, in the current context, there is a clear dominance of financial transmission channels and financial constraints that makes central bank independence a more complex issue.

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Harddian, Rahmad, Iwan Triyuwono, and Aji Dedi Mulawarman. "Biografi umar bin khattab ra: sebuah analogi bagi independensi auditor." IMANENSI: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Akuntansi Islam 2, no. 2 (May 22, 2019): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34202/imanensi.2.2.2017.18-32.

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Abstrak Tujuan penelitian adalah mencari konsep independensi auditor perspektif Umar bin Khattab. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, menggunakan metode tarikh bertipe biografi dengan tokoh Umar bin Khattab. Melalui tarikh, penulis berkeinginan memahami kehidupan beliau untuk dirumuskan menjadi konsep independensi melalui analogi/qiyas. Ditemukan bahwa konsep independensi berdimensi spiritual yang berdasar pada tauhid, mempunyai makna amar ma’ruf, nahi munkar dan jihad. Dimensi mental berupa sifat jujur, adil, teguh, amanah, dan zuhud. Dimensi material berkaitan dengan kelangsungan profesi auditor dan penjagaan harta masyarakat. Dimensi sosial merupakan fungsi independensi sebagai teladan yang baik bagi lingkungan.  Abstract The purpose of this study is to formulate the concept of auditor’s independence base on Umar bin Khattab’s perspective. This research is a qualitative study that uses biographical tarikh method and the figure is Umar bin Khattab. By using tarikh, author attempts to understand about his life that to be formulated became the concept of independence by analog/qiyas. It was found that the concept of independence has a spiritual dimension that is based on tawhid, has amar ma’ruf, nahi munkar, and jihad meaning. Mental dimension consists of honest, fair, firm, trust, and zuhud. Material dimension related to the continuity of auditor profession and securing public treasure. The social dimension refer to the independence function as good role model for the environment.

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Wellington, Ndaradzi, and Dongo Abraham. "A comparative analysis of Namibia's medicines regulatory authority with regulatory authorities of South Africa, the United States of America, and the United Kingdom." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 28, no. 2 (August 30, 2024): 090–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14676324.

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Background: Little attention has been paid to the principle of the independence of medicine regulatory authorities, agencies, or boards, especially in Africa, despite their role in ensuring the availability of safe, effective, and affordable pharmaceuticals to society. Methods: Data was collected using information from the Acts, Laws, legislation, and regulations available in the public domain. Standard Gilardi and INDREG questionnaires were used to collect data to assess the legal status, adequacy of human and financial resources, role clarity, transparency, and accountability of regulators, which could be answered through desk research. Findings: The average overall independence for all four agencies is 59%, with a standard deviation of 10%. The study results further revealed that the national regulatory authorities have significant protection above average from external influence though they are not entirely independent. Conclusion: The four agencies have comparable regulatory independence and similar protection from undue external influence. Namibia's medicines regulatory independence level is not significantly different from that of South Africa, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States of America (U.S.A).

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Heath, Ros. "Independence day." Elderly Care 2, no. 2 (February 1990): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/eldc.2.2.13.s18.

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Keating, Michael. "Scottish Independence." Scottish Affairs 68 (First Serie, no. 1 (August 2009): 100–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2009.0042.

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Accardi, Luigi, Yukihiro Hashimoto, and Nobuaki Obata. "Singleton independence." Banach Center Publications 43, no. 1 (1998): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/-43-1-9-24.

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Greene, David L., Paul N. Leiby, Philip D. Patterson, Steven E. Plotkin, and Margaret K. Singh. "Oil Independence." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2017, no. 1 (January 2007): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2017-07.

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Smith, Kay. "Independence day." Nursing Standard 17, no. 47 (August 6, 2003): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.17.47.16.s29.

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Nazarko, Linda. "Independence day." Nursing Standard 13, no. 50 (September 1999): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.13.50.61.s58.

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Robert, Crouch. "Independence day." Nursing Standard 13, no. 6 (October 28, 1998): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.13.6.20.s40.

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Miyano, Sachio. "Psychological independence." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 81 (September 20, 2017): 1A—082–1A—082. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.81.0_1a-082.

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Lesch, Ann M. "Toward Independence." Journal of Palestine Studies 21, no. 4 (1992): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2537670.

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Hilbert, Ernest. "INDEPENDENCE DAY." Yale Review 105, no. 3 (2017): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tyr.2017.0086.

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Greene, Gayle, and Barbara Kingsolver. "Independence Struggle." Women's Review of Books 16, no. 7 (April 1999): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4023166.

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Lapsansky, Emma, Catherine Clinton, and Fanny Kemble. "Independence Days." Women's Review of Books 18, no. 6 (March 2001): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4023567.

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Yiming, Li. "Independence Day." Chinese Sociology & Anthropology 32, no. 1 (October 1999): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csa0009-4625320184.

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Beebee, Jonathan. "Supporting independence." Learning Disability Practice 13, no. 8 (October 7, 2010): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ldp.13.8.11.s15.

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Larson, Craig, and Nico Van Cleemput. "Forcing Independence." Croatica Chemica Acta 86, no. 4 (2013): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5562/cca2295.

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Roesler, Rebecca A. "Independence Pending." Journal of Research in Music Education 64, no. 4 (November 24, 2016): 454–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429416672858.

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The purposes of the present study were to identify the teacher behaviors that preceded learners’ active participation in solving musical and technical problems and describe learners’ roles in the problem-solving process. I applied an original model of problem solving to describe the behaviors of teachers and students in 161 rehearsal frames extracted from 43 lessons with five artist-teachers. Results indicate that the number and type of learner problem-solving components varied according to the preceding teacher behavior. The teacher behaviors that most often preceded learner problem solving were varying the specificity of feedback and directives, asking questions, demonstrating contrasting options, stating principles, and refraining from answering learners’ questions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Independence'

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