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Books on the topic 'Independent observation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Revi︠a︡ka, Tat︠s︡i︠a︡na. Election of the President of the Republic of Belarus 19 December 2010: Results of independent observation. Human Rights Defenders for Free Elections, 2011.

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Revi︠a︡ka, Tat︠s︡i︠a︡na. Elections to the Chamber of Representatives of the Fifth Convocation 23 September 2012: Results of independent observation. Human Rights Defenders for Free Elections, 2013.

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3

Brunner, Edgar, Arne C. Bathke, and Frank Konietschke. Rank and Pseudo-Rank Procedures for Independent Observations in Factorial Designs. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02914-2.

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4

Ugboma, Chini Cheryl. The dichotomy of culture and business in book publishing: An observation of independents and conglomerates. LCC, 2004.

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5

L, Harrell Peggy, and Educational Resources Information Center (U.S.), eds. Effects of independent and interdependent group contingencies on acquisition, incidental learning, and observational learning. U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, Educational Resources Information Center, 1992.

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6

Centre for Studies in Social Sciences., ed. The political economy of imbalances across Indian states: Some observations on 50 years of independence. Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, 1997.

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7

Codner, Michael. The United Kingdom's independent strategic nuclear deterrent: Observations on the 2006 White Paper and issues for the parliamentary debate. Royal United Services Institute, 2007.

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8

Codner, Michael. The United Kingdom's independent strategic nuclear deterrent: Observations on the 2006 White Paper and issues for the parliamentary debate. Royal United Services Institute (RUSI), 2007.

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9

Gavin, Ireland, Willett Lee, and Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies, eds. The United Kindom's independent strategic nuclear deterrent: Observations on the 2006 white paper and issues for the parliamentary debate. RUSI, 2007.

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10

Asian Network for Free Elections. East Timor: A triumph of the human spirit : report of the international observation mission on the 1999 popular consultation, 25 August-2 September 1999. Asian Network for Free Elections (ANFREL), 2000.

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11

Biba, Anna, and Galina Razumova. Teaching Russian and developing meta-subject skills of students in inclusive primary education classes. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1871394.

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The monograph attempts to identify and substantiate the content and complex of spelling teaching tools for younger schoolchildren with a pronounced general underdevelopment of speech with the simultaneous development of their academic independence. To solve the problem, both theoretical research methods (analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, generalization of scientific data) and empirical (observation, conversation, testing, analysis of student activity products) were used. The theoretical basis of teaching and development of students with mild speech underdevelopment in inclu

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12

Britain, Great. Second special report [from the] Energy Committee, session 1988-89: Government observations on the first report fromthe Committee (session 1988-89) on the United Kingdom independent oil sector : report with an appendix, together with the proceedings of the Committee. H.M.S.O., 1989.

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13

United States. General Accounting Office, ed. Veterans' health care: Observations on VA's assessment of Hepatitis C budgeting and funding : statement for the record by Cynthia Bascetta, Director, Health Care--Veterans' Health and Benefits Issues, [before the] Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives. The Office, 2001.

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14

Guerrero, Peter F. Hazardous waste: Observations on EPA's cleanup program and budget management practices : statement for the record by Peter Guerrero, Director, Environmental Protection Issues, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, before the Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies, Committee on Appropriations, U.S. Senate. The Office, 1999.

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15

Brunton-Smith, Ian. Systematic Social Observation. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.34.

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Systematic social observation (SSO) is the application of rigorous, replicable, and generalizable approaches from survey methodology to field observation (ethnography). SSO provides researchers with independent, robust, and quantifiable data about the forms of social interactions most commonly obtained through qualitative inquiry. This chapter begins with a general overview of the SSO approach. Section 14.3 describes the application of SSO approaches to environmental settings. Section 14.4 discusses the ecometric approach first proposed by Raudenbush and Sampson (1999), demonstrating how the s

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16

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation Spacecraft: Independent Technical Assessment. Independently Published, 2018.

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17

Textor, Mark. Brentano on Awareness and Observation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199685479.003.0008.

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When we are aware of our perceiving, we cannot attend to (observe) our perceiving, only the object which we (seem to) perceive. The perceiving is therefore the secondary, the object perceived the primary object. The chapter develops and evaluates Brentano’s grounds for the distinction between the primary and the secondary object. This project is of independent philosophical interest because Brentano’s view promises to shed light on the distinctive character of awareness. Awareness cannot become observation, because mere awareness of a mental phenomenon cannot contrast it with others. I argue f

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18

Kishore, Shweta. Indian Documentary Film and Filmmakers. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474433068.001.0001.

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Independent documentary is enjoying a resurgence in post-reform India. But in contemporary cinema and media cultures, where ‘independent’ operates as an industry genre or critical category, how do we understand the significance of this mode of cultural production? Based on detailed onsite observation of documentary production, circulation practices and the analysis of film texts, this book identifies independence as a 'tactical practice’, contesting the normative definitions and functions assigned to culture, cultural production and producers in a neoliberal economic system. Focusing on select

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19

Smith, Matthew Wilson. The Prison House of Nerves. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190644086.003.0007.

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Zola’s 1873 stage adaptation of his novel Thérèse Raquin is generally considered the first Naturalist drama, which inspired the most famous Naturalist play, Strindberg’s Miss Julie. This chapter examines these plays in the context of the neurophysiological theories behind Zola and Strindberg’s conceptions of Naturalism. It argues that Zola’s Naturalism, like that of his scientific mentor Claude Bernard, attempts to balance a commitment to neurophysiological determinism with a commitment to independent scientific observation, producing an uneasy fault line in Thérèse Raquin. The chapter further

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20

Fieberg, John. Statistics for Ecologists: A Frequentist and Bayesian Treatment of Modern Regression Models. University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/9781959870029.

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Ecological data pose many challenges to statistical inference. Most data come from observational studies rather than designed experiments; observational units are frequently sampled repeatedly over time, resulting in multiple, non-independent measurements; response data are often binary (e.g., presence-absence data) or non-negative integers (e.g., counts), and therefore, the data do not fit the standard assumptions of linear regression (Normality, independence, and constant variance). This book will familiarize readers with modern statistical methods that address these complexities using both

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21

Franz, Carleen, Lee Ascherman, and Julia Shaftel. The Psychoeducational Evaluation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780195383997.003.0008.

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This chapter describes the content and procedures of a comprehensive psychoeducational evaluation. Components include the referral question, review of records, history, observation, and assessment. Rating scales, standardized tests, and interviews make up the assessment portion of the evaluation process. The entire process must use multiple measures and assess multiple viewpoints and settings. Cognitive, academic, behavioral, social skills, and executive functions may be included in the assessment. A thorough integration of the findings from multiple sources must be accomplished to reach meani

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22

Zimmermann, Jens. 7. Hermeneutics and science. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199685356.003.0007.

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Science, we have been taught, rests on strictly empirical observation, accurate measurement, and the exact verification of its results. Scientific knowledge is independent of received opinion, personal bias, and the vagaries of language. ‘Hermeneutics and science’ shows that this position of scientific objectivism and scientific positivism does not hold. It explains the hermeneutics of scientific discovery, which depends heavily on the personal intuition of a scientist whose deep familiarity with a prior theory and the relevant facts, together with the hitherto stubbornly unexplained anomalies

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23

Thaut, Michael. History and research. Edited by Susan Hallam, Ian Cross, and Michael Thaut. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298457.013.0051.

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This article provides an introductory synopsis of the history of research developments and research themes in music psychology from its inception in the nineteenth century until the early twenty-first century. Psychology of music as a new and independent scientific discipline started its development in the middle of the nineteenth century. It was a component part of the arrival of psychology as a new discipline studying human behaviour through observation, measurement, and testing using scientific methods. In the last 25 years of the twentieth century, music psychology underwent its most funda

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24

Mowafak, Abdelghani. Botox analgesia for neuropathic pain. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0072.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘Botulinum toxin type A induces direct analgesic effects in chronic neuropathic pain’, published by Ranoux et al. in 2008. The muscle-relaxant properties of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) have long been known and used therapeutically. However, BTX-A actions independent of those affecting neuromuscular function had previously only been alluded to, via the observation that BTX-A injections alleviated pain more than would have been expected through the treatment of muscle spasm alone. This paper was one of the first to specifically examine the effic

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25

Halperin, Sandra, and Oliver Heath. Political Research. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198820628.001.0001.

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Political Research: Methods and Practical Skills provides a practical and relevant guide to the research process for students. It equips readers with the knowledge and skills needed to evaluate research findings and successfully carry out independent study and research. Taking a helpful step-by-step approach, the chapters guide the reader through the process of asking and answering research questions and the different methods used in political research, providing practical advice on how to be critical and rigorous in both evaluating and conducting research. Topics include research design, surv

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26

Halperin, Sandra, and Oliver Heath. Political Research. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198702740.001.0001.

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Political Research: Methods and Practical Skills provides a practical and relevant guide to their to this area of studies. It equips readers with the knowledge and skills needed to evaluate research findings and successfully carry out independent study and research. Taking a helpful step-by-step approach, the chapters guide the reader through the process of asking and answering research questions and the different methods used in political research, providing practical advice on how to be critical and rigorous in both evaluating and conducting research. Topics include research design, surveys,

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27

Scarani, Valerio. Bell Nonlocality. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788416.001.0001.

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Nonlocality was discovered by John Bell in 1964, in the context of the debates about quantum theory, but is a phenomenon that can be studied in its own right. Its observation proves that measurements are not revealing pre-determined values, falsifying the idea of “local hidden variables” suggested by Einstein and others. One is then forced to make some radical choice: either nature is intrinsically statistical and individual events are unspeakable, or our familiar space-time cannot be the setting for the whole of physics. As phenomena, nonlocality and its consequences will have to be predicted

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28

), Richard Church (Sir. Observations on an Eligible Line of Frontier for Greece As an Independent State. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2023.

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29

), Richard Church (Sir. Observations on an Eligible Line of Frontier for Greece As an Independent State. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2023.

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30

Proust, Joëlle, and Martin Fortier, eds. Metacognitive Diversity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789710.001.0001.

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This book focuses on the variability of metacognitive skills across cultures. Metacognition refers to the processes that enable agents to contextually control their first-order cognitive activity (e.g. perceiving, remembering, learning, or problem-solving) by monitoring them, i.e. assessing their likely success. It is involved in our daily observations, such as “I don’t remember where my keys are,” or “I understand your point.” These assessments may rely either on specialized feelings (e.g. the felt fluency involved in distinguishing familiar from new environments, informative from repetitive

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31

Brunner, Edgar, Arne C. Bathke, and Frank Konietschke. Rank and Pseudo-Rank Procedures for Independent Observations in Factorial Designs: Using R and SAS. Springer, 2019.

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32

Nine, Cara. Sharing Territories. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833628.001.0001.

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Territorial rights are shared between overlapping political units, not exclusively held by states. This book takes this claim to be both an empirical observation and a philosophical goal. A theory of territorial rights should be able to inform the normative relationship between overlapping territorial units. In order to do this, Nine’s view defends a river model of territorial rights. On a river model, political units are assumed to be interdependent and overlapping. This model stands in contrast to the prevailing desert island model, where political units are assumed to be independent and dis

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33

Zaitsev, Yu P. Black Sea Shores of Ukraine. PH “Akademperiodyka”, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/akademperiodyka.094.242.

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The book covers the geological past of the Black Sea, physical-geographical and ecological characteristics, coastal wetlands of the northern part of the Black Sea, its natural resources. Much attention is paid to the problems of ecology and protection of the Black Sea. Additional information is presented for tourists, recommendations for conducting independent observations of the ecology of the Black Sea coastal zone, as well as an annotated list of fish species on the Ukrainian Black Sea coast for fishing enthusiasts. The publication is illustrated with original color photographs, drawings an

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34

Eckardt, Regine, and Augustin Speyer. Information Structure and Language Change. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.23.

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This article explores the effect of language change on focusing and focus constructions based on observations and case studies. It begins by analysing bleached focus and contrasts it with independent focus. It also makes a distinction between universal focus effects and language-specific focus operators to show how language change can affect the specific parts of the grammar of focus. The discussion then turns to the emergence of focus sensitive particles, with particular reference to the semantic units that precede focus as part of semantic composition. The Jespersen Cycle is considered as a

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35

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Model Insensitive and Calibration Independent Method for Determination of the Downstream Neutral Hydrogen Density Through Ly-Alpha Glow Observations. Independently Published, 2018.

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36

Epperly, Brad. The Political Foundations of Judicial Independence in Dictatorship and Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845027.001.0001.

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This book argues that explaining judicial independence—considered the fundamental question of comparative law and politics—requires a perspective that spans the democracy/autocracy divide. Rather than seeking separate explanations in each regime context, in The Political Foundations of Judicial Independence in Dictatorship and Democracy, Brad Epperly argues that political competition is a salient factor in determining levels of de facto judicial independence across regime type, and indeed of greater import in autocracies. This is because a full “insurance” account of independence requires look

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37

Walker, Clement 1595-1651, Clement 1595-1651 Appendix to Walker, and Clement 1595-1651 Anarchia Walker. Relations and Observations, Historical and Politick, upon the Parliament Begun Anno Dom. 1640: Divided into II. Books 1. the Mystery of the Two Juntoes, Presbyterian and Independent. 2. the History of Independency, &C. Together with an Appendix, ... Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2021.

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38

Peari, Sagi. The Relation to Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190622305.003.0007.

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While the previous chapters are concerned with elaboration and exposition of the Choice and Equality pillars, this chapter is more concerned with implementation. Thus, it delineates CEF’s distinctiveness from other choice-of-law accounts and traces its conceptual independence from such notions as the corrective justice theory of private law and the notion of international human rights. Taking the provisions of the American Second Restatement as an example, this chapter analyzes them from the standpoint of CEF. Ultimately, in its last section, the chapter makes some observations about CEF’s sui

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39

Halvorsen, Tor, Skare Orgeret, and Roy Krøvel. Sharing Knowledge, Transforming Societies: The Norhed Programme 2013-2020. African Minds, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928502005.

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In June 2016, the Norwegian Programme for Capacity Development in Higher Education and Research for Development (Norhed) hosted a conference on the theme of 'knowledge for development'in an attempt to shift the focus of the programme towards its academic content. This book follows up on that event. The conference highlighted the usefulness of presenting the value of Norhed's different projects to the world, showing how they improve knowledge and expand access to it through co-operation. A wish for more meta-knowledge was also expressed and this gives rise to the following questions: Is this wa

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40

Richardson, John, and Claudia Gorbman. Introduction. Edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733866.013.0012.

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This article appears in theOxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aestheticsedited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. This introduction frames the book by providing an overview of its authors' work and theorizing new audiovisual aesthetics.1 The first section reviews the current state of research on audiovisuality; it considers how the audiovisual landscape has changed and how new research might respond to these changes. The section attends closely to boundaries, as some of the most fundamental changes are occurring between or at the margins of conventional forms and categor

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41

Yamamoto, Eric K. Jurisprudential Foundations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190878955.003.0006.

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This chapter examines how the dissonant treatment of Korematsu plays out in still intensely competing jurisprudential views of the court’s role in high profile security and liberty disputes. It describes and critiques the underpinnings for the exceedingly deferential all the laws but one approach rooted in the government’s broad national security and war powers. And it develops the contrasting call to vigilance with roots in the Supreme Court’s seminal embrace of watchful care over fundamental liberties in its Civil War case Ex Parte Milligan. The chapter then offers a jurisprudentially nuance

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42

Mário, Mouzinho, Celso M. Monjane, and Ricardo Santos. The education sector in Mozambique: From access to epistemic quality in primary education. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/887-0.

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From the early days of national independence in 1975, the central aim of the educational policy in Mozambique has been to ensure that all school-age children have access to school and can remain there until they have completed their basic education. In the pursuit of this aim, the extension of access to primary education was achieved relatively successfully, given that it reached a net rate of school coverage of almost 100 per cent. However, the impressive increase in school attendance rates has not been accompanied by a corresponding improvement in the quality of learning, and there are worry

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43

Dallas, Robert Charles. New Conspiracy Against the Jesuits: Detected and Briefly Exposed, with a Short Account of Their Institute, and Observations on the Danger of Systems of Education Independent of Religion. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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44

New Conspiracy Against the Jesuits: Detected and Briefly Exposed, with a Short Account of Their Institute, and Observations on the Danger of Systems of Education Independent of Religion. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2023.

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45

Lewis, Courtney. Sovereign Entrepreneurs. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469648590.001.0001.

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By 2009, reverberations of economic crisis spread from the United States around the globe. As corporations across the United States folded, however, small businesses on the Qualla Boundary of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI) continued to thrive. In this rich ethnographic study, Courtney Lewis reveals the critical roles small businesses such as these play for Indigenous nations. The EBCI has an especially long history of incorporated, citizen-owned businesses located on their lands. When many people think of Indigenous-owned businesses, they stop with prominent casino gaming operatio

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46

Observations on the pernicious practice of the law: As published occasionally in the Independent chronicle, in the year 1786, and republished at the ... address never before published / by Honestus. Gale, Making of Modern Law, 2010.

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47

Yust, Jason. Organized Time. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696481.001.0001.

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This book presents a theory of temporal structure for music, making two main arguments. The first is that a single model of temporal structure, expressible in the form of a certain type of mathematical network, is common to all modalities, particularly rhythm, tonality, and form. As a result, we can develop tools to talk about the experience of musical time in abstraction from any particular modality, and make analogies from structural phenomena in one modality to another (e.g., formal counterpoint). The second argument is that each of these modalities is in principle independent: it has its o

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48

Fullerton, James N., and Mervyn Singer. Oxygen in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0032.

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Oxygen therapy is primarily administered to alleviate arterial hypoxaemia and tissue hypoxia, and to facilitate aerobic cellular respiration. Hypoxaemia (PaO2 < 8 kPa [60 mmHg], SaO2 <92%) is associated with end-organ damage and adverse clinical outcomes, serving as a proxy measure for reduced intracellular PO2. Increasing the fraction of inspired oxygen should form part of an overall strategy to maximize tissue oxygen delivery. Permissive hypoxaemia represents a valid treatment strategy in a selected patient cohort. Oxygen is a drug and oxygen therapy is not benign, and oxygen administr

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49

Wada-Marciano, Mitsuyo. Japanese Filmmakers in the Wake of Fukushima. Amsterdam University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728287.

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n the ongoing aftermath of the nuclear accident in 2011, filmmakers have continued to issue warnings about the state of Japanese society and politics, which remain mired in refusal to change. Nearly a decade in the making, Japanese Filmmakers in the Wake of Fukushima is based on in-person interviews with countless filmmakers, as well as continuous dialogue with them and their work. Author Wada-Marciano has expanded these dialogues to include students, audiences at screenings, critics, and researchers, and her observations are based on down-to-earth-exchange of ideas engaged in over a long peri

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50

Diggle, Peter, and Emanuele Giorgi. Time Series. 2nd ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714835.001.0001.

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Abstract This book is an introductory account of statistical methods for analysing time-series data, with a focus on the application of the methods to biomedical and population health research. In its simplest form, a time series is a single set of observations measured at equally spaced times. Extensions to this basic format that are particularly relevant in biomedical and population health settings include measurements at irregularly spaced times and independently replicated time series, also called longitudinal or repeated measurement data. The book starts by presenting a set of examples th

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