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Journal articles on the topic 'Independent sensor networks'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 May 2025

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1

Mielke, A. M., S. M. Brennan, M. C. Smith, D. C. Torney, A. B. Maccabe, and KarlinM JF. "Independent sensor networks." IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 8, no. 2 (2005): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mim.2005.1438842.

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Liu, Wei, Mao Lin, and Chun Yan. "Formal Interoperability Models of Sensor Networks Based on Logical Workflow Nets." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 29, no. 05 (2019): 671–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194019400035.

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With the advent of Internet of things and cyber physical system, sensor networks become more and more important. To better accomplish a task, multiple sensors or even multiple sensor networks need to interoperate. Logical workflow nets and cooperative logical workflow nets are introduced to formally model and analyze interoperability of sensor networks. Independent feasibility and Interoperable feasibility are important properties for ensuring correct execution and interoperability of sensor networks. Complete path nets, possible path nets, cooperative complete path nets and cooperative possib

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Kallakunta, Suneela, and Alluri Sreenivas. "Technical Aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)." Oriental journal of computer science and technology 13, no. 0203 (2021): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojcst13.0203.10.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a new kind of wireless networks that are becoming very popular with a large number of civilian and military applications. A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network that contains distributed independent sensor devices that are meant to monitor physical or environmental conditions. AWireless Sensor Network consists of a set of connected tiny sensor nodes, which communicate with each other we can also interchange information and data. These nodes obtain information on the environment such as temperature, pressure, or humidity and this information is

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Moungla, Hassine, Nora Touati, and Ahmed Mehaoua. "Cost Efficient Deployment and Reliable Routing Modeling Based Multi-Objective Optimization for Dynamic Wireless Body Sensor Networks Topology." International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 4, no. 4 (2013): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijehmc.2013100102.

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Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WBSNs), like any other sensor networks, suffer from limited energy and are highly distributed network, where its nodes organize by themselves and each of them has the flexibility of collecting and transmitting patient biomedical information to a sink. When a knowledge was sent to a sink from a path that doesn't have a definite basis, the routing is a crucial challenge in Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks. Furthermore, reliability and routing delay are the considerable factors in these types of networks. More attention should be given to the energy routing issue

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Milana N., Megha, and M. Z. Kurian. "IoT Based Sensor Network for Agricultural Application." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 4, no. 2 (2016): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.421612.

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A conventional sensor network is a radio network of sensor nodes with ability to sense physical parameters, store sensed data, carry out simple processing on data and forward the data through radio interface. The objective of such network is to push the data to a sink node which can then forward the data to server ( or cloud). However many real time applications includes sensors spread over long areas. As such they are treated as independent networks. Internet of Things is a new paradigm of connecting devices like microcontroller and smart objects to cloud. Using IoT services, we can now conne

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Dr. P. Vijaykarthik, Naveen Ghorpade,. "An Efficient Mobile Sink based Data Collection Model for Clustered based Wireless Sensor Network." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (2021): 1836–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1038.

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The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is considered to be a core component of tomorrow's real-time data communication networks, such as the Internet of Things (IoT). Modern networks need low-latency and high-throughputs in real-time due to a heterogeneous network. The availability of low-latency real-time data access incurs energy costs from the sensor systems. Clustering helped in maintaining the scalability and energy usage of sensors. However, it incurs overhead of the independent cluster head and sensor device within the close range of the sump pump. Since it would take longer transmission and

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Chauhan, Gargi, Usha Sharma, Seema Verma, and G. N. Purohit. "TDMA Scheduling Algorithm Using Independent Sets in Network Graph." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 10, no. 10 (2013): 2071–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v10i10.1195.

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a distributed wireless network consists of large amount of sensor nodes which gather useful information from a variety of environment and these sensor nodes communicate with each other in a multi-hop radio networks, with the end goal of handing their processed data to the data collector or access point (AP) [1,2]. WSNs have many issues such as self-configuration, fault-tolerance, adaptation, flexibility, energy efficiency, security, scalability, interference, architectural issues, mobility and delay tolerance [3]. Amongthese issues the most critical issue is

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Rajkumar, Dhamodharan Udaya Suriya, Krishna Prasad Karani, Rajendran Sathiyaraj, and Pellakuri Vidyullatha. "Optimal shortest path selection using an evolutionary algorithm in wireless sensor networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 6 (2024): 6743. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i6.pp6743-6752.

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A wireless sensor network comprises of distributed independent devices, called sensors that monitor the physical conditions of the environment for various applications, such as tracking and observing environmental changes. Sensors have the ability to detect information, process it, and forward it to neighboring sensor nodes. Wireless sensor networks are facing many issues in terms of scalability, which necessitates numerous nodes and network range. The route chosen between the source node and the destination node with the shortest distance determines how well the network performs. In this pape

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Preis, Ami, Andrew Whittle, and Avi Ostfeld. "Multi-objective optimization for conjunctive placement of hydraulic and water quality sensors in water distribution systems." Water Supply 11, no. 2 (2011): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.029.

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Near real-time continuous monitoring systems have been proposed as a promising approach for enhancing drinking water utilities detect and respond efficiently to threats on water distribution systems. Water quality sensors are aimed at revealing contamination intrusions, while hydraulic pressure and flow sensors are utilized for estimating the hydraulic system state. To date optimization models for placing sensors in water distribution systems are targeting separately water quality and hydraulic sensor network goals. Deploying two independent sensor networks within one distribution system is ex

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Dai, Xuan, Lili Fang, Chuanfang Zhang, and Houjun Sun. "An Impedance-Loaded Orthogonal Frequency-Coded SAW Sensor for Passive Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors 20, no. 7 (2020): 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20071876.

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A passive wireless impedance-loaded orthogonal frequency-coded (OFC) surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor for wireless sensor networks was proposed in this paper. One of the chips on OFC SAW tag is connected to an external sensor, which could cause a phase shift in the time response of the corresponding part on the SAW device. The phase shift corresponds to the sensed quantity, which could be temperature, strain, vibration, pressure, etc. The OFC SAW tag is isolated by a proper package from the direct effect of the measurand on the device’s response which could avoid the multiple measurands coup

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Chen, Xue Dong, and Bao Peng. "A Security Localization Method in Wireless Sensor Networks." Advanced Materials Research 186 (January 2011): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.186.193.

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In this paper, we address wireless sensor network localization problems that have high reliability in an environment where physical node destruction is possible. We propose a range-independent location algorithm called security location based on genetic algorithm (GASL) that allows sensors to passively determine their location with high reliability, without increasing the number of reference points, or the complexity of the hardware of each reference point or node. In GASL, sensors determine their location based on the optimization of select function by the reliability by aim at some reference

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Sugimoto, Tatsuya, Nobuhito Taniguchi, Ryoto Yoshikura, Hiroshi Kawaguchi, and Shintaro Izumi. "Evaluation of Patients’ Levels of Walking Independence Using Inertial Sensors and Neural Networks in an Acute-Care Hospital." Bioengineering 11, no. 6 (2024): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11060544.

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This study aimed to evaluate walking independence in acute-care hospital patients using neural networks based on acceleration and angular velocity from two walking tests. Forty patients underwent the 10-meter walk test and the Timed Up-and-Go test at normal speed, with or without a cane. Physiotherapists divided the patients into two groups: 24 patients who were monitored or independent while walking with a cane or without aids in the ward, and 16 patients who were not. To classify these groups, the Transformer model analyzes the left gait cycle data from eight inertial sensors. The accuracy u

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Sheltami, Tarek. "One-Tier versus Two-Tier Wireless Sensor Networks: Coverage Problem." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/360681.

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This paper tackles the coverage problem in homogenous and heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. The homogenous sensor network consists of sensor nodes and relays; however, the heterogeneous sensor network consists of sensor nodes, super nodes, and satellite nodes. In the latter network, super nodes and satellite nodes are utilized to demonstrate different scenarios. Super nodes consume huge amount of energy, compared to sensor nodes. To address this problem, the aim of this paper is to find the baseline when super nodes are used efficiently, despite the inherited high power consumption. Wolf

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Li, Chun Yuan, Xiao Tong Zhang, Yue Qi, Li Wen He, Hong Song Chen, and Xue Ying Zhang. "A New Key Management Scheme for Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 1622–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.1622.

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Security is critically important for hierarchical wireless sensor networks. Due to the limited resources of the sensor nodes, the traditional key management schemes are not suitable for wireless sensor network. In this paper, a new key management scheme for hierarchical wireless sensor network is proposed, which would be effectively against cluster node capture by supporting multiple keying mechanisms. The security of network is independent on a single key. Compared with the LEAP protocol, our scheme has lower consumption and higher scalability.

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Mani, Sathishkumar, Parasuram Chandrasekaran Kishoreraja, Christeena Joseph, Reji Manoharan, and Prasannavenkatesan Theerthagiri. "Hybrid intrusion detection model for hierarchical wireless sensor network using federated learning." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 14, no. 1 (2025): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v14.i1.pp492-499.

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<p class="Abstract">The applications of wireless sensor networks are vast and popular in today’s technology world. These networks consist of small, independent sensors that are capable of measuring various physical quantities. Deployment of wireless sensor networks increased due to immense applications which are susceptible to different types of attacks in an unprotected and open region. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) play a vital part in any secured environment for any network. IDS using federated learning have the potential to achieve better classification accuracy. Usually, all the

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Song, Xiaoli, Yunzhan Gong, Dahai Jin, Qiangyi Li, and Hengchang Jing. "Coverage Hole Recovery Algorithm Based on Molecule Model in Heterogeneous WSNs." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 12, no. 4 (2017): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2017.4.2896.

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In diverse application fields, the increasing requisitions of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have more and more research dedicated to the question of sensor nodes’ deployment in recent years. For deployment of sensor nodes, some key points that should be taken into consideration are the coverage area to be monitored, energy consumed of nodes, connectivity, amount of deployed sensors and lifetime of the WSNs. This paper analyzes the wireless sensor network nodes deployment optimization problem. Wireless sensor nodes deployment determines the nodes’ capability and lifetime. For node deployment

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Dvir, Efi, Mark Shifrin, and Omer Gurewitz. "Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Data Gathering in Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks." Mathematics 12, no. 13 (2024): 2102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12132102.

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This study introduces a novel approach to data gathering in energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs) utilizing cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). In addressing the challenges of efficient data collection in resource-constrained WSNs, we propose and examine a decentralized, autonomous communication framework where sensors function as individual agents. These agents employ an extended version of the Q-learning algorithm, tailored for a multi-agent setting, enabling independent learning and adaptation of their data transmission strategies. We introduce therein a sp

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Lim, Jihun, Dooho Keum, and Young-Bae Ko. "A Stepwise and Hybrid Trust Evaluation Scheme for Tactical Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors 20, no. 4 (2020): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041108.

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In tactical wireless sensor networks, tactical sensors are increasingly expected to be exploited for information collection in battlefields or dangerous areas on behalf of soldiers. The main function of these networks is to use sensors to measure radiation, nuclear, and biochemical values for the safety of allies and also to monitor and carry out reconnaissance of enemies. These tactical sensors require a network traffic flow that sends various types of measured information to the gateway, which needs high reliability. To ensure reliability, it must be able to detect malicious nodes that perfo

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Liu, Zhixiong, and Wei Zhou. "Energy-Efficient Algorithms for Path Coverage in Sensor Networks." Sensors 23, no. 11 (2023): 5026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23115026.

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Path coverage attracts many interests in some scenarios, such as object tracing in sensor networks. However, the problem of how to conserve the constrained energy of sensors is rarely considered in existing research. This paper studies two problems in the energy conservation of sensor networks that have not been addressed before. The first problem is called the least movement of nodes on path coverage. It first proves the problem as NP-hard, and then uses curve disjunction to separate each path into some discrete points, and ultimately moves nodes to new positions under some heuristic regulati

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Djabour, Djamal, Wided Abidi, and Tahar Ezzedine. "Fuzzy independent circular zones protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks." International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing 39, no. 3 (2022): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijahuc.2022.121122.

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Ezzedine, Tahar, Wided Abidi, and Djamal Djabour. "Fuzzy independent circular zones protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks." International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing 39, no. 3 (2022): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijahuc.2022.10045377.

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22

LEE, Euisin, Soochang PARK, Hosung PARK, and Sang-Ha KIM. "Independent Grid Structure-Based Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks." IEICE Transactions on Communications E96.B, no. 1 (2013): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e96.b.309.

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23

MAO, Ying-Chi. "A Location-Independent Connected Coverage Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks." Journal of Software 18, no. 7 (2007): 1672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/jos181672.

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Delicato, Fl�via Coimbra, Paulo F. Pires, Luci Pirmez, and Luiz Fernando Rust da Costa Carmo. "A Service Approach for Architecting Application Independent Wireless Sensor Networks." Cluster Computing 8, no. 2-3 (2005): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10586-005-6186-4.

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Chang, Ruijiang, Zhe Chen, and Fuliang Yin. "Distributed parameterized topology-independent noise reduction in acoustic sensor networks." Applied Acoustics 213 (October 2023): 109649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2023.109649.

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Wu, Xiaofeng, Zhuangqi Chen, Yi Zhong, Hui Zhu, and Pingjian Zhang. "End-to-end data collection strategy using mobile sink in wireless sensor networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 18, no. 3 (2022): 155013292210779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15501329221077932.

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Several data collection algorithms, which are based on the combination of using mobile sinks and multiple-hop forwarding, have been proposed to prolong the network lifetime of wireless sensor networks. However, most approaches treat the collection point selection and touring path planning as two independent problems, which leads to a sub-optimal solution for data collection. This article proposed an ant colony optimization based end-to-end data collection strategy to perform the collection point selection and the touring path planning simultaneously. The proposed algorithm first constructs a d

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Bernardo, John Benedict Lazaro, Attaphongse Taparugssanagorn, Hiroyuki Miyazaki, Bipun Man Pati, and Ukesh Thapa. "Robust Human Activity Recognition for Intelligent Transportation Systems Using Smartphone Sensors: A Position-Independent Approach." Applied Sciences 14, no. 22 (2024): 10461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app142210461.

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This study explores Human Activity Recognition (HAR) using smartphone sensors to address the challenges posed by position-dependent datasets. We propose a position-independent system that leverages data from accelerometers, gyroscopes, linear accelerometers, and gravity sensors collected from smartphones placed either on the chest or in the left/right leg pocket. The performance of traditional machine learning algorithms (Decision Trees (DT), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Classifier (SVC), and XGBoost) is compared against deep learning models (Gated Recurrent Un

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Alanis, Alma Y., Jesus G. Alvarez, Oscar D. Sanchez, Hannia M. Hernandez, and Arturo Valdivia-G. "Fault-Tolerant Closed-Loop Controller Using Online Fault Detection by Neural Networks." Machines 12, no. 12 (2024): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines12120844.

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This paper presents an online model-free sensor fault-tolerant control scheme capable of tolerating the most common faults affecting an induction motor. This approach involves using neural networks for fault detection to provide the controller with sufficient information to counteract adverse consequences due to sensor faults, such as degradation in performance, reliability, and even failures in the control system. The proposed approach does not consider the knowledge of the nominal model of the system or when the fault may occur. Therefore, a high-order recurrent neural network trained online

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Yin, Fengmei. "Practice of Air Environment Quality Monitoring Data Visualization Technology Based on Adaptive Wireless Sensor Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (February 27, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4160186.

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This paper begins by outlining the evolution and current state of traditional wireless sensor networks, followed by an examination of the principle and architecture of wireless sensor networks, as well as the challenges that traditional wireless sensor networks face in environmental monitoring. This paper designs and develops a data visualization system for wireless sensor networks based on the visualization system and the advantages of other visualization systems, after analyzing and comparing the current visualization systems for monitoring wireless sensor networks. A real-time monitoring sy

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Preeti Sharma, Preety Sharma and Rakesh Kumar. "Relay Node Based Fault Recovery Technique in IEEE 802.15.4 based WBAN." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 7, no. 07 (2022): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst051236.

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Wireless sensor networks comprises of many individual nodes which interconnect to form a system that operates as one. These sensor nodes play the main task of sensing the environmental conditions and maybe control them too. A WBAN consist of portable, miniaturized, and independent sensor nodes for monitoring body function for health, sporting, emergency and entertainment, applications. It provides long term health monitoring of patients under natural physiological states without constraining their normal activities. In body sensor networks it allows communication between implanted devices and

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Younis, Ossama, Sonia Fahmy, and Paolo Santi. "An Architecture for Robust Sensor Network Communications." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 1, no. 3-4 (2005): 305–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15501320500330786.

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Node clustering in sensor networks increases scalability, robustness, and energy-efficiency. In hostile environments, unexpected failures or attacks on cluster heads (through which communication takes place) may partition the network or degrade application performance. We propose REED (Robust Energy-Efficient Distributed clustering), for clustering sensors deployed in hostile environments in an interleaved manner with low complexity. Our primary objective is to construct a k-fault-tolerant (i.e., k-connected) clustered network, where k is a constant determined by the application. Fault toleran

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Cheng, Yongyang, Shuai Zhao, Bo Cheng, Xiwei Chen, and Junliang Chen. "Modeling and Deploying IoT-Aware Business Process Applications in Sensor Networks." Sensors 19, no. 1 (2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19010111.

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The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) is an important part of the next generation of information. Wireless sensor networks are composed of independent distributed smart sensor nodes and gateways. These discrete sensors constantly gather external physical information, such as temperature, sound, and vibration. Owing to the diversity of sensor devices and the complexity of the sensor sensing environment, the direct modeling of an IoT-aware business process application is particularly difficult. In addition, how to effectively deploy those designed applications to discrete servers in the he

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Wang, Ping, and Shi Wu Xu. "Design of a Simple Self-Organizing and Multi-Hop Routing Algorithm Based on ZigBee Node." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 1393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.1393.

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This paper briefly described the basic sensor network node architecture, point introduces the hardware design of the ZigBee Sensor nodes based on ATmega128L and CC2420, Power consumption of design node is low, smaller, higher integration, open to independent wireless communication module, multilayer, reducing the interference. And based on this hardware platform, Designed a self-organization Routing Protocol .Through networking experiments, verify the feasibility of the protocol. The protocol is very suitable for small-scale wireless sensor networks.

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Dilip Charaan, R. M., P. R. Therasa, and P. Malathi. "A REVIEW ON DESCENDANTS OF LEACH PROTOCOL - A PRAGMATIC APPROACH." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 03 (2022): 751–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14444.

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A Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a Wireless Networks comprising of spatially disseminated independent sensors to screen physical or natural circumstances. The battery power in these sensor nodes assumes a significant part in expanding the life expectancy of the nodes. Hierarchical routing protocols are the most popular protocols to limit the energy utilization when compared to Flat Routing. Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is a traditional Cluster based routing protocol for WSNs having great execution, energy productivity, and successful in elongating the lifetime of the net

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Firdous, Sadia, Nargis Bibi, Madiha Wahid, and Samah Alhazmi. "Efficient Clustering Based Routing for Energy Management in Wireless Sensor Network-Assisted Internet of Things." Electronics 11, no. 23 (2022): 3922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11233922.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a huge part in arising innovations like smart applications, the Internet of Things, and numerous self-designed, independent applications. Energy exhaustion and efficient energy consumption are principal issues in wireless sensor networks. Energy is a significant and valuable asset of sensor nodes; early energy depletion ultimately leads to a shorter network lifetime and the replacement of sensor nodes. This research proposes a novel Power-Efficient Cluster-based Routing (PECR) algorithm. It takes in clustering using K-Means, the arrangement of Cluster Heads

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Alemdar, Hande, Yunus Durmus, and Cem Ersoy. "Wireless Healthcare Monitoring with RFID-Enhanced Video Sensor Networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 6, no. 1 (2010): 473037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/473037.

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In pervasive healthcare systems, WSNs provide rich contextual information and alerting mechanisms against odd conditions with continuous monitoring. Furthermore, they minimize the need for caregivers and help the chronically ill and elderly to survive an independent life. In this paper, we propose an outdoor monitoring environment and evaluate the capabilities of video sensor networks for healthcare monitoring in an outdoor setting. The results exhibit that their capabilities are limited. For this reason, we proposed several enhancements for reducing the traffic load on the network for better

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Wang, Jianmin, and Xiaoqin Yang. "An Automatic Online Disaster Monitoring Network: Network Architecture and a Case Study Monitoring Slope Stability." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 14, no. 03 (2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v14i03.7669.

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Geosensor networks(GSN) is an important development direction of the disaster monitoring in the future. An online automatic unattended disaster monitoring system can prevent and reduce the geology disaster to protect the safety of life and property. At present, most GSN are independent and usually service for respective community. The observations data of GSN are bigger and complex , and GSN is mostly heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. So this paper proposes a novel GSN disaster monitoring overall architecture, This architecture can seamlessly integrate sensors for long- term, remote, and

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Chavanne, Xavier, and Jean-Pierre Frangi. "A Sensor to Monitor Soil Moisture, Salinity, and Temperature Profiles for Wireless Networks." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 13, no. 3 (2024): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan13030032.

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This article presents a wireless in situ sensor designed to continuously monitor profiles of parameters in porous media, such as soil moisture, salinity, and temperature. A review of existing in situ soil sensors reveals that it is the only device capable of measuring the complex permittivity of the medium, allowing for conversions into moisture and salinity that are independent of the instrument. Flow perturbation and invasiveness have also been minimized to maintain good representativeness. Plans include autonomous networks of such sensors, facilitated by the use of the recent radio mode LoR

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Clement Sunder, A. John, and A. Shanmugam. "Black Hole Attack Detection in Healthcare Wireless Sensor Networks Using Independent Component Analysis Machine Learning Technique." Current Signal Transduction Therapy 15, no. 1 (2020): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574362413666180705123733.

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Background: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are self-configured infrastructure-less networks are comprising of a number of sensing devices used to monitor physical or environmental quantities such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion etc. They collectively transmit data through the network to a sink where it is observed and analyzed. Materials and Methods: The major issues in WSN are interference, delay and attacks that degrade their performance due to their distributed nature and operation. Timely detection of attacks is imperative for various real time applications like healthc

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Wu, Hua Yong, Daniele Zonta, Matteo Pozzi, Paolo Zanon, and Michele Corrà. "Historic Buildings: Long Term Stability Evaluation Using Wireless Sensor Networks." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.235.

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An automatic diagnostic monitoring system can guarantee the safety and integrity of a historic building. In this paper, we describe the long term application of a wireless sensor network (WSN) for permanent health monitoring in the Torre Aquila, a historic tower in Trento, Italy. The system consists of accelerometers, thermometers and fiber optic sensors (FOS) with customized wireless modules and dedicated software designed for wireless communication. The whole system was completed and started operation in September 2008, and data from the various sensor nodes are collected continuously, save

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Hoque, M. M., M. G. Rashed, M. H. Kabir, A. F. M. Z. Abadin, and M. I. Pramanik. "EAGBRP: A Gateway Based Routing Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks." Journal of Scientific Research 13, no. 2 (2021): 467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v13i2.50005.

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In most of the cluster-based routing protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), cluster heads (CHs) are selected from the normal sensors which may expire rapidly due to fast energy diminution for such an additional workload. As a consequence, the network lifetime of such cluster-based routing protocol reduces drastically. To resolve these constraints, in this study, we proposed a gateway-based routing protocol-namely Energy-Aware Gateway Based Routing Protocol (EAGBRP) for WSNs. In our proposed protocol, the deployed sensor nodes of a WSN were divided into five logical regions based on the

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Ban, Buri, Xuan Li, and Miao Jin. "Resilient greedy routing on GPS-free surface sensor networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 16, no. 4 (2020): 155014772091381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147720913810.

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We design a greedy routing scheme specifically for GPS-free large-scale wireless sensor networks deployed on surfaces of complex-connected three-dimensional settings. Compared with other greedy embedding–based surface network routing scheme, the proposed one is cut free such that no pair of nodes suffers a long detour to reach each other. The routing scheme is designed to be resilient to node or link failures especially under random node or link failure model where each node in a network has an equal and independent probability of failure during some time interval. The proposed algorithm is fu

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Hebal, Sara, Lemia Louail, and Saad Harous. "Latency and Energy Optimization Using MAC-Aware Routing for WSNs." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 16, no. 1 (2020): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbdcn.2020010102.

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Protocols for wireless sensor networks are generally designed following the layered protocol stack where layers are independent. Uncorrelated decisions coming from different layers may affect certain metrics such as the latency of communications, the energy consumption, etc. Cross-layer approaches overcome this problem by exploiting the dependencies between the layers. In this article, the authors propose latency and energy mac-aware routing for wireless sensor networks (LEMAR-WSN), a new cross-layer routing approach using information of the TDMA schedule and exploiting the information of the

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S. Raj, Jennifer, and Abul Basar. "QOS OPTIMIZATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING IN IOT WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS." Journal of ISMAC 01, no. 01 (2019): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2019.1.002.

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The internet of things is a group of connected computing, digital and mechanical machines with the capability of being identified by other devices that are internet enabled. The wireless sensor networks is a gathering of sovereign sensing elements in combination with actuating, computing, communicating and energy storing devices to keep track of the continuous physical world changes. These clique of independent sensors that commune wirelessly incurring advantages such as low cost, limited power consumption, high scalability with adaptableness to hostile and harsh environments afford them to be

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Qaisi, Ramy Mohammed Aiesh, Farhad Fouladinia, Abdulilah Mohammad Mayet, et al. "Intelligent Measuring of the Volume Fraction Considering Temperature Changes and Independent Pressure Variations for a Two-Phase Homogeneous Fluid Using an 8-Electrode Sensor and an ANN." Sensors 23, no. 15 (2023): 6959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23156959.

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Two-phase fluids are widely utilized in some industries, such as petrochemical, oil, water, and so on. Each phase, liquid and gas, needs to be measured. The measuring of the void fraction is vital in many industries because there are many two-phase fluids with a wide variety of liquids. A number of methods exist for measuring the void fraction, and the most popular is capacitance-based sensors. Aside from being easy to use, the capacitance-based sensor does not need any separation or interruption to measure the void fraction. In addition, in the contemporary era, thanks to Artificial Neural Ne

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Cvejic, Nedeljko, David Bull, and Nishan Canagarajah. "Improving Fusion of Surveillance Images in Sensor Networks Using Independent Component Analysis." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 53, no. 3 (2007): 1029–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tce.2007.4341582.

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Mao, Yingchi. "A Distributed Energy-Efficient Location-Independent Coverage Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks." Journal of Computer Research and Development 43, no. 2 (2006): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/crad20060201.

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Mao, Yingchi. "An Energy Efficient and Location-Independent QoS Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks." Journal of Computer Research and Development 43, no. 6 (2006): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/crad20060609.

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Arapoglu, Ozkan, and Orhan Dagdeviren. "Distributed Self-Stabilizing Capacitated Maximal Independent Set Construction in Wireless Sensor Networks." Wireless Personal Communications 114, no. 4 (2020): 3271–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-020-07528-3.

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Szurley, Joseph, Alexander Bertrand, and Marc Moonen. "Topology-Independent Distributed Adaptive Node-Specific Signal Estimation in Wireless Sensor Networks." IEEE Transactions on Signal and Information Processing over Networks 3, no. 1 (2017): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsipn.2016.2623095.

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