Journal articles: 'Index of crop diversification'

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Rajat, Jyoti Sarkar, and Karmakar Moumita. "Measuring crop diversification in case of sugarcane in West Bengal." Trivium A multi disciplinary journal of humanities of Chandernagore College 5, no. 9 (2021): 17–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13830051.

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In India, diversification towards horticulture was mainly recognised in the1990s. Crop diversification is a risk management strategy for the farmingcommunity and an important step for poverty alleviation and transitionfrom subsistence agriculture to commercial agriculture. Cropdiversification is a solution to stabilise and raise farm income, increaseemployment opportunities, boost exports and conserve and enhancenatural resource base. Diversification may be broadly defined as a shift ofresources from low value added agriculture to high value added agriculture.In order to measure crop diversification for a particular crop, differenttypes of Crop Diversification Indices (CDI) are used. The CDI is an indexof concentration and has a direct relationship with diversification such thata zero value indicates specialization and a value greater than zero signifiescrop diversification. The extent of crop diversification at a given point oftime may be examined by several indices. Among these indices,Herfindahl Index (HI), Simpson Index (SI) and Entropy Index (EI) arewidely used in case of crop diversification. In this paper we want to seewhether crop diversification or crop concentration takes place in case ofsugarcane in different districts of West Bengal by using secondary data.That’s why we consider Herfindahl Index (HI) and Simpson Index (SI) tomeasure crop diversification or crop concentration in different parts ofWest Bengal by using secondary data. Keywords: Crop diversification, crop concentration, Herfindahl Index(HI) and Simpson Index (SI).

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Dr., Hanumant A. Gandhale. "TO STUDY THE GEOGRAPHYCAL ANALYSIS OF TAHSILWISE CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN PARBHANI DISTRICT (MS)." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 9, no. 6 (2022): 332–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7070475.

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Abstract:           The volume of change has studied for twelve years in present paper. Crop diversification grows on large number of crops which are practiced in rain fed land to reduce the risk factor of crop failures either of drought or less rain. Raising a variety of crops on arable land is known as crop diversification. It is the reflection of physical, socio economic and techno organization inputs. Crop diversification is generally viewed as a shift from traditionally grown less remunerative crops to more remunerative crops. The crop diversification takes place due to governmental policies and crop selection and attitude of farmers. Market, infrastructural development and certain other price related supports also induce crop diversification. The higher profitability and production the stability induce crop diversification, in case of example, sugarcane replacing rice and wheat. Crop diversification indicates multiplication of agricultural crops which involves intense competition for region, scope for crop rotation and effect of double cropping. The greater the competition, higher the magnitude of diversification, while lesser the magnitude of diversification greater the trend towards the specialization where emphasis on one or two crops. In most of the extensive agricultural parts in world agricultural diversification, it is a common feature due to irrigation, use of fertilizers and pesticides, high yielding varieties, mechanization and technology. Besides climate, farmer’s attitude and local surroundings are forced farmers for crop diversification. In this paper an attempt has been made to analyse the crop diversification at district level in Parbhani District of Maharashtra. Crop diversification gives a wider choice for production of variety of crops in any region in order increase production related activities. It is just opposite of crop specialization. The crop diversification was studied for twelve years (2001 to 2012) in order to find out crop diversification. The diversification index ranged Parbhani (20.55) in 2001-2006 while in year 2007-2012 it ranged Parbhani district (21.95) of course diversification of agriculture varies from one region to another for which responsible factors are more or less variation in resources endowment, infrastructure level and market accessibility crop diversification of food crops and oilseed crops.

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Utkal, Kushawah. "Regional Pattern, Shift and Extent of Crop Diversification with Special Reference to Malwa Region of Madhya Pradesh." RECENT RESEARCHES IN SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES (ISSN 2348–3318) 9, no. 4 (Oct.-Nov.-Dec. 2022) (2022): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7538843.

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Crop diversification is the use of multiple cropping systems, i.e., the addition of more crops to the existing cropping system along with the use of different crop species. In this study, the Gibbs-Martin index, log scale technique, and linear regressions are used to explain the regional pattern of crop diversification and the shift in the degree and extent of crop diversification. The Crop diversification was discovered in the Malwa region, with a positive shift in crop diversification over the last 15 years, according to the study. The study also found increases and decreases in the pattern of crop acreages for different crops.

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CHAHAL, DISHA. "Changes in the patterns of crop diversification in Haryana." Annals of Plant and Soil Research 26, no. 3 (2024): 425–33. https://doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2024.10380.

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Crop diversification refers to the practice of cultivating a variety of crops on the same land over time or across a landscape. It's a move away from monoculture, where a single crop dominates a field or agricultural region. Recognizing the shifts in crop diversification trends through time and across different regions equips stakeholders with the knowledge to foster an agricultural system that is sustainable, robust, and fair. In the present study, the patterns of crop diversification analysed for the years 2011, 2015, and 2021. The variations in crop diversification patterns scrutinized for two distinct periods: from 2011 to 2015, and subsequently from 2015 to 2021. Gibb’s-Martin Index is used to calculate the crop diversification index at the district level. The percentage of moderate districts in all the three years of analysis, that is, 2011, 2015 and 2021 is highest in Gibbs Martin Index, which is followed by low districts and high districts respectively. The high positive change in the Gibbs Martin Index is observed followed by negative change and no change respectively between the years 2011 and 2015, and 2015 and 2021. The findings indicate a substantial potential for expanding crop diversification initiatives in Haryana.

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More, Dr. Amol V. "Spatio-Temporal changes in Crop Diversification of Sangli District (Maharashtra)." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 5, no. 23 (2024): 443–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638817.

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Abstract: Crop diversification means growing different varieties of crops for arable land. Crop diversification is the production of different crops in a specific area at a specific time. The present research paper focus on the crop diversification in Sangli District. The research paper based on the secondary data have been collected from the Socio-economic review of Sangli district (2003-04 and 2022-23). Crop diversification calculation is based on Gibbs and Martin Index of Diversification

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Dr., Kiran Dilip Khalangre. "Crop Concentration and Diversification in Latur District of Maharashtra: A Case Study." Indian Journal of Food Engineering (IJFE) 3, no. 3 (2024): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijfe.C1011.03030624.

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Abstract: The present study is an attemptto explain the crop concentration and diversification in agriculture of the Latur district of Maharashtra. Here, a detailed study has been done to know the dominant crop as well as the ranking of the crops in the cropping pattern of the study area. The study is based on secondary data sets that have been collected from the district statistical handbook 2020-21. Using Bhatia’s method, the crop concentration indices for all blocks of the district have been calculated for crops like Soybean, Sugarcane, Tur, Gram, Jowar, Mung and Udid. Crop concentration and Crop diversification indices have been calculated by using index for all the tehsil of the district. This study attempted to delineate the tehsils of high and low crop diversification and crop concentration.

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C. Prabakar, K. Sita Devi, Y. Shelton Peter, G. Baradhan, R. Selva Kumar, and Chowdula Shireesha. "Crop Diversification - Its Status and Scope in Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 31, Suppl (2025): S54—S60. https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2025.v31i02s.010.

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This paper explores the potential for crop diversification in the Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu, an area where monocropping of paddy dominates, leading to vulnerability in the face of climatic challenges such as drought and floods. The study aims to analyse the current level of crop diversification, the factors influencing farmers’ awareness on diversification, and the reasons for its limited adoption. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to gather data from 600 farmers across different districts. Various analytical tools, including the Herfindahl Index, Simpson Index, Markov Chain Analysis, Logit Model, and Garrett Analysis were used to assess the degree of diversification, shifts in cropping patterns, factors determining awareness on crop diversification, and reasons for non-adoption of crop diversification. The results show that crop diversification is at very minimal level, with paddy retaining a stronghold in the cropping system, despite risks associated with water scarcity and labour shortages. Age, Education, participation in agricultural extension meetings, and experiences with labour and water scarcity significantly influence farmers awareness on diversification. However, the main barriers to adoption include lack of awareness on alternative crops and fear of production failure. The findings highlight the importance of tailored interventions by agricultural extension agencies to encourage diversification in this climatevulnerable region.

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Saydullaeva, Fotima. "Innovative Solutions to Increase Dietary Diversity of Rural Households." American Journal of Agricultural Science, Engineering, and Technology 7, no. 2 (2023): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajaset.v7i2.1552.

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Today, it is becoming important to achieve food security in all countries. This article aims to find sustainable and innovative ways to improve household dietary diversity score (HDDS). Analyzes were carried out based on 320 small farms in the Samarkand region using cross-sectional data in 2021. T-test method were applied to find differences in dietary diversity and product diversification of households that prepared food with digital and other innovative patterns and those that did not use them. Culinary special television programs, radio broadcasts are assisted the households’ dietary diversity index increased by 2.7 points compared to those who did not follow the program, and the production diversification index showed an increase of 0.18 points in crop diversification and 0.20 points in livestock diversification with high statistical significance. When comparing production and consumption diversification between those who used and those who did not use digital technologies, the diversification index of the crop was 0.12 and livestock diversification was 0.24 points higher. In addition, we observed that HDDS was 2.2 times higher. In particular, those who constantly used Internet resources to learn culinary practices had a crop and livestock diversification 0.03 and 0.16 points higher, HDDS two times greater than those who did not use Internet resources. Therefore, only a small number of 11 respondents mentioned that they participated in culinary courses. Our study also found that the level of farm production diversification was higher with respondents who attended cooking courses than those who did not. It was scientifically proven that HDDS was twice as high as those who did not use online menu programs, and crop and livestock diversification index was 0.15 and 0.19 points higher, respectively. Findings indicated that, proposed innovative objective solutions displayed positive results in increasing the dietary diversity of rural households.

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Syampaku, Edward M., Patience Nalungwe, Idani Lichilo, and Donald Chisowa. "Farm-based factors shaping crop enterprise diversification among maize small-holder farmers in Kalulushi District of Zambia." Journal of Agriculture and Agronomy (JAA) 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/jaa.v1i1.355.

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This study examined the factors shaping crop enterprise diversification among small-holder maize farmers in the Kalulushi District of Zambia. Having high crop enterprise diversification promotion among small-holder maize recently as a household food security and farm enterprise risk absorption strategy across Zambia, questions have arisen on factors encouraging or negating farmer responses since maize production has remained dominant, particularly under rain-fed systems. The study used primary data from a sample of 150 farmers. Data included the crop enterprise diversification index as the dependent variable, whereas the farming practice, farm size, the maize subsistence index, cooperative dependence, distance to the central market, weighted maize selling price, dependence on government purchases, planting period and source of financing for farming are the independent variables. Empirical results revealed that crop enterprise diversification increased with an increase in distance from the market, conservation farming practice, subsistence level, weighted maize selling price, and alternative financing. However, it decreased with an increase in farm size and dependence on government purchases. Cooperative dependence and planting period were not found to affect crop enterprise diversification. The study recommends streamlining crop enterprise diversification with distance from the market, farming practice, level of subsistence, weighted maize selling price, alternative financing, farm size and dependence on government purchases.

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Dube, Lighton. "Factors Influencing Smallholder Crop Diversification: A Case Study of Manicaland and Masvingo Provinces in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Regional Development 3, no. 2 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijrd.v3i2.9194.

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This study analyzes the degree of crop diversification and factors associated with crop diversification among 479 smallholder farmers in Manicaland and Masvingo provinces of Zimbabwe. The Herfindahl index used to estimate diversification, while the Tobit model evaluated factors associated with crop diversification. The mean crop diversity index is 0.54. On average households in Nyanga and Bikita are the most diversified with indices of 0.48 and 0.49 respectively. The most specialized households are in Mutasa and Chiredzi with indices of 0.62. An analysis by gender shows that male headed households are slightly more diversified than female headed households. The Tobit model indicates that gender of head of household, education, number of livestock units, access to irrigation, membership to a farmers group, access to markets, farming experience, farms on flat terrain, farmer to farm extension, routine extension, agro-ecological zone and household income are significant contributors to increasing crop diversification. In turn, crop specialization is significantly associated with off-farm employment, soil fertility, farmers who are happy with extension contacts per year, farmers trained using the farmer field school approach and farmers who receive NGO extension support.

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Singh, Pardeep, Pradipkumar Adhale, Amit Guleria, et al. "Crop Diversification in South Asia: A Panel Regression Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (2022): 9363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159363.

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The South Asian agricultural sector has experienced vigorous growth and structural transformation over the last few decades, albeit differently across the region. This study examines the crop diversification status and various determinants, such as socioeconomic (per capita gross domestic product, population, arable land, and cropland), soil/agronomic (root zone moisture), agricultural inputs (fertilizer and pesticide consumption), the productivity of food and non-food crops, international trade, and climate (maximum and minimum temperature and rainfall) factors. The share of cereals has decreased in most countries, but they continue to dominate South Asian agriculture. The area under high-value crops in India has increased significantly, replacing the area under cereal cultivation during the study period. Similar results were seen in the Maldives, where vegetables replaced oilseeds. The Hausman model test suggested a random-effects model for analyzing the determinants. All the determinants considered in the study explain 69 percent of the variation in the crop diversification index. The crop diversification in South Asia was influenced by per capita gross domestic product (G.D.P.), minimum temperature, pesticide consumption, food crop yield index, and non-food crop yield index during the study period. Cropland percentage and population, on the other hand, reduce crop diversification. The price factor contributed more than half to agricultural growth. It remained the primary source of growth in all South Asian countries, followed by yield, which is identified as the second most crucial factor. The contribution of crop diversification to agricultural growth has been declining over time.

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Jahanshiri, Ebrahim, Nur Marahaini Mohd Nizar, Tengku Adhwa Syaherah Tengku Mohd Suhairi, et al. "A Land Evaluation Framework for Agricultural Diversification." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (2020): 3110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083110.

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Shortlisting ecologically adaptable plant species can be a starting point for agricultural diversification projects. We propose a rapid assessment framework based on an ecological model that can accelerate the evaluation of options for sustainable crop diversification. To test the new model, expert-defined and widely available crop requirement data were combined with more than 100,000 occurrence data for 40 crops of different types (cereals, legumes, vegetables, fruits, and tubers/roots). Soil pH, texture, and depth to bedrock data were obtained and harmonised based on the optimal rooting depths of each crop. Global baseline temperature and rainfall data were used to extract averages at each location. To evaluate the ability of the method to capture intraspecies variation, a test was performed using more than 1000 accession records of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) as an exemplar underutilised crop. Results showed that a suitability index based on soil pH and an index that combines the thermal suitability moderated by the soil pH, texture, and depth suitability have the potential to predict crop adaptability. We show that the proposed method can be combined with traditional land use and crop models to evaluate diversification options for sustainable land and agrobiodiversity resources management.

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R., Selvakumar, and Venkataraman R. "AN ADOPTION STRATEGY TO MANAGE THE CLIMATE CHANGE RISK IN DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES IN CUDDALORE DISTRICT OF TAMILNADU." International Journal of Computational Research and Development 1, no. 1 (2016): 132–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.208183.

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Adaptations are adjustments or interventions, which take place in order to manage the losses or take advantage of the opportunities presented by a changing climate (IPCC 2001). Important adaptation options in the agricultural sector include: crop diversification, mixed crop-livestock farming systems, using different crop varieties, changing planting and harvesting dates, and mixing less productive, drought-resistant varieties and high-yield water sensitive crops. The diversification in agriculture is also practiced with a view to avoid risk and uncertainty due to climatic and biological vagaries. It minimizes the adverse effects of the current system of crop specialization and monoculture for better resource use, nutrient recycling, reduction of risks and uncertainty and better soil conditions. The present study was conducted to analyse by using Herfindhal & Transformed Herfindhal Index to measure the diversification in cropping area in the selected blocks of Cuddalore district (CW – Kurinjipadi and GW - Cuddalore), Tamil Nadu. The average value of Transformed Herfindhal Index was higher in CW block compared to GW block which indicated the diversified nature of crops growing in CW block than GW block. The trend in Transformed Herfindhal Index shows that the diversification was in little larger extent in CW block (0.7) compared to GW block (0.6) considering the trend there was no observable trend indicating either diversification or concentration in numbers of crops grown by the farmers either in CW or in GW block, except the mild inter year fluctuations. Hence it was understood that crop diversification was not followed as one of the adaptation strategies to overcome climate risk irrespective of the source of irrigation.

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Kumar, Dinesh. "AGRICULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS IN FLOODPLAIN ZONE OF MIDDLE GANGA PLAIN." Journal of Global Resources 9, no. 01 (2023): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46587/jgr.2023.v09i01.007.

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This paper has been attempted to study the difference dimensions of agriculture like crop diversification, cropping intensity, crop combination, crop ranking, irrigation intensity and land use efficiency in floodplain zone of middle Ganga plain. Agriculture plays a very important role in the economic development of our country (India), where 65 percent of rural population is directly or indirectly depended on the agricultural for survival. The largest population of India has been livening in Ganga floodplain so it has necessary to study the different agricultural characteristics. The major objectives of the study are to analyze the spatial pattern of agriculture diversification, crop ranking, crop combination and to calculate the irrigation intensity, cropping intensity, land use efficiency of Jaunpur district. The present study has been exclusively based on secondary data which collected from different offices and websites. Crop diversification measure by Singh (1976) formula which was slightly modified the Bhatia (1965) formula, cropping intensity analyzed with the help of Singh (1974) method and crop combination determined by Kikukazu Doi (1959) method. In the Jaunpur district the irrigation intensity has been 140.10, crop diversification index has been 38.69, cropping intensity index has 100.07. In study area wheat is the dominant crop, paddy dominated as the second crop and maize is the third crop. There are three types crop combinations like wheat-rice, wheat-rice-maize and wheat-maize- rice.

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Neogi, Suvayan, and Bidyut Kumar Ghosh. "Evaluation of Crop Diversification on Indian Farming Practices: A Panel Regression Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (2022): 16861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416861.

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Crop diversification is considered as a means to promote agricultural development while lowering its environmental implications. Diversified food production must substantially increase to fulfil the needs of food security and sustainability for the world’s future population. This study identified the finer details of diversification in India’s 20 agriculturally prosperous states through analyzing the regional trends in agricultural diversification. The analysis, which covered the period from 1971–1972 to 2017–2018, showed that agricultural diversification has taken place in several states of India. This study revealed that, due to the significant heterogeneity in agro-climatic and socio-economic conditions, the type of diversification varies among the regions. In these periods, cash- crop percentage in the gross-cropped area has increased from 18 percent to 37 percent, reflecting a major impact on the Shannon-Wiener diversification index. Crop diversification has been influenced by rural literacy, irrigation intensity, road infrastructure, per-capita, gross-state-domestic products, regional-rural-branch intensity, rainfall deviation, credit intensity, and India’s growing urban population, whereas cropping intensity has not affected crop diversification in India.

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Aiswarya G. B., Kshirsagar P. J., Banekol S. S., Bhosale S. S., and Sawant M. S. "Dynamics of Crop Diversification in Midlands of Kerala, India." Asian Research Journal of Agriculture 17, no. 1 (2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arja/2024/v17i1405.

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Aims: This study presents the extent of crop diversification as well as the reasons in the three districts of Kerala state; Thiruvananthapuram, Kottayam and Kannur which falls in the midland region of Kerala. Methodology: Secondary data on area under cultivation of various crops for the time period of 2005-06 to 2020-21 was subjected to analysis using Simpson Index, Modified Entropy Index and Markov chain analysis. Results: Kannur was found to be highly diversified with high value of Simpson Index of around 0.79 followed by Thiruvananthapuram with SI of around 0.74. Transitional probability matrix of Thiruvananthapuram revealed that coconut, spices and condiments retained more area in the district followed by non-food crops with an area retention. Non-food crops retained highest area followed by coconut, spices and condiments in Kottayam. More area occupying crop in Kannur was found to be non-food crops followed by coconut, spices and condiments. However, overall scenario in midland region showed that more area was occupied by non-food crops followed by coconut, spices and condiments. Conclusion: The period from 2005-06 to 2020-21 showed changing pattern of acreage distribution in the three selected districts of Kerala with a declining trend in total cropped area and shift from food crops to non-food crops.

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Idris-Adeniyi, Kaothar Modupe, Ahmed Oluwagbenga Busari, and Stephen Adeolu Adedokun. "Determinants of Income Diversification among Arable Crop Farmers in Osun State, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 24, no. 2 (2020): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i2.3.

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The study examined determinants of income diversification among arable crop farmers in Osun state, Nigeria. A total of 120 arable crop farmers were proportionately selected from the three agricultural zones in the State that was used for the study. Structured interview schedule was used to elicit relevant information from respondents. Frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation, diversity index and Tobit regression model were employed in data analysis. The majority of the farmers had access to farm credit and mean diversity index was 0.46. Factors influencing income diversification among respondents were age (t=-2.68, p≤0.01), credit (t=2.29, p0.05), household size (t=8.24, p≤0.01) and frequency of extension visits (t=2.24, p≤0.05). Only 6.67% of the farmers had income diversity index of 0 meaning that most of the respondents adopted multiple income generating-activities while crop farming remained their dominant income source. In the face of climate change and its attendant risks including total crop failure, farmers should be exposed to other viable farm and off-farm income generating activities, while they are provided with credit facilities to harness such opportunities. Keywords: Income diversification, Arable crop farmers, Income generating activities

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Thayaparan, Aruppillai, R. Ushadhani, and G. Y. N. Gunathilaka. "Crop Diversification and its Determinants among Vegetable Farmers in Kotagala, Nuwara Eliya District in Sri Lanka." Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities 4, no. 1 (2023): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jmsh.v4i1.8.

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A sound understanding of the demographic and farming characteristics of smallholder farmers and how they stimulate their crop diversification decisions would help policymakers make appropriate measures for encouraging crop diversification. The objectives of the study are to assess the degree of crop diversification and examine in what ways the demographic and farming characteristics of smallholder vegetable farmers impact their crop diversification at Kotagala area in the Nuwara – Eliya district of Sri Lanka. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 86 randomly selected farmers who were cultivating nine vegetable crops in the Kotagala division using the structured questionnaires during the period from October to November 2019. The degree of crop diversification among vegetable farmers was measured using the Herfindahl index, which has a mean value of 0.36. It shows that there is a low degree of crop diversification and the practices in multiple crop cultivation among the farmers is very low. Results of the frequency analysis revealed that 60.5 percent of the farmers are diversifiers, while 39.5 percent of them are non - diversifiers. Further, the tobit regression model was used to examine how demographic and farming characteristics of smallholder farmers influence crop diversification and its results indicated that age squared and education negatively influenced on crop diversification at a 10 percent significance level. On the contrary, crop diversification is positively influenced by the age and size of cultivated land at a 5 percent significance level. The findings of the study will assist the decision makers in developing the best possible policies to support crop diversity, which will motivate farmers to make better choices, boost production, and improve food security in the study area.

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Khalangre, Dr Kiran Dilip, and Dr M. V. Suryawanshi. "Crop Concentration and Diversification in Latur District of Maharashtra: A Case Study." Indian Journal of Food Engineering 3, no. 3 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijfe.c1011.03030624.

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The present study is an attempt to explain the crop concentration and diversification in agriculture of the Latur district of Maharashtra. Here, a detailed study has been done to know the dominant crop as well as the ranking of the crops in the cropping pattern of the study area. The study is based on secondary data sets that have been collected from the district statistical handbook 2020-21. Using Bhatia’s method, the crop concentration indices for all blocks of the district have been calculated for crops like Soybean, Sugarcane, Tur, Gram, Jowar, Mung and Udid. Crop concentration and Crop diversification indices have been calculated by using index for all the tehsil of the district. This study attempted to delineate the tehsils of high and low crop diversification and crop concentration.

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Ankanna, N. Bala, and A. Krishna Kumari. "Changing patterns of Crop diversification in Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh." Geo Eye 8, no. 2 (2019): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53989/bu.ge.v8i2.8.

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The magnitude of agricultural diversification shows the impact of physical, socio-economic and techno-organizational influents, especially physical environs. It is increasingly recognized that a study of the spatial patterns of agricultural diversification is of vital importance and almost indispensable in understanding the competition that goes on among different agricultural activities for space. In general, it appears that keen competition for agricultural land and adoption of judicious crop rotation for the maintenance of soil fertility are associated with a mixed farming system rather than crop specialization. But, the choice of a cropping system is dependent primarily on physical variables and secondarily on technical and economic considerations. In certain pockets of irrigated lands, contrastingly crop specialization is more prominent rather than crop diversification. To observe this, an endeavour is made here to study the geographical patterns of crop diversification in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, where irrigation plays major role in the cultivation of crops. Gibbs-Martin Index of diversification is applied here for the crop data of two trienniums i.e.,1987-90 and 2012-15.

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KUMAR, SANJEEV, SHIV KUMAR, VED PRAKASH CHAHAL, and DHARAM RAJ SINGH. "Trends and determinants of crop diversification in Uttar Pradesh." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, no. 11 (2018): 1704–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i11.84903.

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The process of crop diversification towards high-value crops in Uttar Pradesh at regional as well as district level for the period 1990-91 to 2011-12 was examined. Simpson index of diversification and panel data regression analysis were used to analyze the trends and drivers of crop diversification. The results infer that state agriculture is moving from traditional crops to high value crops. This becomes the apt choice of policy makers for boosting agricultural growth. However, this shift is not found evenly distributed across the districts/regions. The irrigation, fertilizers and mechanization were found to be the major drivers of shift in the area towards high value crops and leads to less diversification. On the other hand, access to primary markets has positive impact on diversification. This necessitates the redesign and implementation of different strategies for crop diversification in these regions. The insight emanating from results emphasize not only to arrest the rising intra-regional disparities but also policy support in terms of better marketing infrastructure, easy and cheap access to agricultural credit for the development of irrigation facilities and farm mechanization, availability of fertilizers and appropriate technologies for increasing farm income and improving farmersâ€™ livelihoods.

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Kananu Micheni, Pauline, and Gathungu Geofrey Kingori. "Analyzing the Determinants and Extent of Crop Diversification among Smallholder Coffee Farmers in Kirinyaga Central and East Sub-Counties, Kirinyaga County, Kenya." Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development 72, no. 2 (2024): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17306/j.jard.2024.01744.

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Crop diversification is a potential strategy that farmers can employ to address household food insecurity and low farm incomes. Smallholder coffee farmers face low and insufficient levels of crop diversification in Kirinyaga East and Central Sub-Counties, Kirinyaga County, Kenya. This study examines those factors that influence household decisions to diversify crops and further attempts to analyze the factors that influence the extent to which diversification takes place among smallholder coffee farmers. The study was guided by utility theory and used a descriptive survey design. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the survey data and a sample size of 408 smallholder farmers was chosen using multistage sampling procedure. The crop diversification index was 0.390 on average. Cragg's double-hurdle model findings at the first stage of the model revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship at p < 0.05 between access to extension services (6.5%) and land size (8.8%) on the probability of the farmer participating in crop diversification. The extent of crop diversification was positively and significantly associated with land size (6.7%), where (p < 0.05), while gender (5.3%) had a negative influence. Farmers should be encouraged to diversify their crops to maximize land productivity through increased crop yields. Finally, the findings suggest that the government should allocate resources to supplement existing extension programs and policies that improve skills and knowledge of farmers concerning crop diversification.

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Hammad, Abdullah, Asghar Ali, Khalid Mushtaq, and Rakhshanda Kousar. "Investigating the Pattern and Determinants of Crop Diversification: Policy Recommendations for Sustainable Diversified Farming in Punjab, Pakistan." Journal of Economic Impact 6, no. 2 (2024): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/econimpact.2024.6208.

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Crop diversification is a crucial approach for promoting sustainable agriculture by allowing farmers to optimize yields, reduce inputs, conserve resources, and mitigate ecological and environmental risks. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the pattern and determinants of crop diversification in Punjab Pakistan. This research was carried out in four districts of mixed cropping zone of Punjab i.e. Faisalabad, Chiniot, Toba Tek Singh, and Jhang. A multistage sampling method was used to collect data from 200 farmers. Inferential statistics techniques such as the Tobit model and Simpson Diversity Index were employed to analyze the study objectives. The mean diversification index across the districts was 0.73, 0.75, 0.69, and 0.66 for Faisalabad, Chiniot, Toba Tek Singh, and Jhang. The mean diversification index for all the diversified farmers was 0.71. Tobit model analysis revealed that the age of farmers, education attainment, access to inputs, extension services, irrigation, and membership of farmers' associations have a major impact on the promotion of diversification of crops in the study area. This study suggests that there is a dire need to educate farmers about the production technologies of emerging crops, proper markets for fruits and vegetables, and easy availability of cheap interest loans.

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Sharma, Sheetla Prasad, Arvind Singh Yadav, and D. C. Pandey. "Concentration and Diversification of Crops in Ambedkar Nagar District of Uttar Pradesh, India." Asian Journal of Geographical Research 6, no. 1 (2023): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2023/v6i1177.

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People have relied on agriculture as their primary source of income all over the world. More than half of the population of India depends on agriculture for employment and livelihood. Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of food grains because of its fertile Gangetic plains, canal irrigation, and government and private tube wells. Social, economic, political, and technological factors also decide crop production in different parts of the state. In this study, calculation and analysis of crop concentration and crop diversification in Ambedkar Nagar district have been done for 2000 and 2018 to investigate the changing relations between land, humans, and the environment. Crop concentration is calculated using Jasbir Singh's method, whereas crop diversification is calculated using the Gibbs and Martin method. Crop concentrations of crops like rice, wheat, and pulses are increasing, while crop concentrations of sugarcane are decreasing. Crop concentration in Ambedkar Nagar district shows changing trends from 2000 to 2018, crop diversification also follows the same pattern. The high crop concentration of food crops and the high crop diversification index show that agriculture is still the primary occupation and source of income and livelihood in the district.

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Gniza, Daniel Innocent, and Rodolphe Loa Bi Loa. "Socioeconomic Determinants of Decisions and Degree of Crop Diversification Among Smallholder Rice Producers in Côte d’Ivoire." American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation 2, no. 1 (2023): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v2i1.1200.

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Crop diversification is a strategy used by producers to address their household food insecurity. This study analyzes the factors that influence households’ decision to participate in crop diversification on their plot and the determinants of the level of diversification based on survey data obtained through stratified sampling in the Tonkpi, Poro and Tchologo regions in 2020. The Herfindahl index was used to classify producers according to their degree of crop diversification. Applying the Cragg hurdle regression, the study shows that the decision to diversify crops is positively associated with household size, group membership, male gender, number of farm equipment, access to formal credit, distance from town, and region of residence of the producer and negatively associated with producer age and distance from the plot. The degree of diversification is positively associated with group membership and access to formal credit. The results therefore suggest policies to facilitate access to credit and to train and supervise producer groups in rural areas.

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Gniza, Daniel Innocent, and Rodolphe Loa Bi Loa. "Socioeconomic Determinants of Decisions and Degree of Crop Diversification Among Smallholder Rice Producers in Côte d'Ivoire." American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation 2, no. 1 (2023): 63–73. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v2i1.1200.

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Crop diversification is a strategy used by producers to address their household food insecurity. This study analyzes the factors that influence households’ decision to participate in crop diversification on their plot and the determinants of the level of diversification based on survey data obtained through stratified sampling in the Tonkpi, Poro and Tchologo regions in 2020. The Herfindahl index was used to classify producers according to their degree of crop diversification. Applying the Cragg hurdle regression, the study shows that the decision to diversify crops is positively associated with household size, group membership, male gender, number of farm equipment, access to formal credit, distance from town, and region of residence of the producer and negatively associated with producer age and distance from the plot. The degree of diversification is positively associated with group membership and access to formal credit. The results therefore suggest policies to facilitate access to credit and to train and supervise producer groups in rural areas.

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Zagoruyko, M. G., M. Ye Chaplygin, and S. A. Davydova. "Diversification of lentil production." E3S Web of Conferences 193 (2020): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019301022.

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Production and processing of lentil as a valuable leguminous crop with a high content of beneficial nutrients (fiber, protein, minerals and vitamins), a low glycemic index, and a low-calorie content (295 kcal per 100 grams of raw lentils) has great potential for domestic economy. The world market of lentil is analyzed, prospects for increasing the level of its use in domestic markets are identified. An evaluation of the crop processing by an extrusion method is given. The statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service, the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, information materials of Russian and foreign research organizations and companies are studied. The methods of complex structural-dynamic analysis and the expert-analytical method of data processing are used. It is found that lentils contain the largest amount of protein among the rest of the plants, which is a source of essential amino acids (isoleucine and lysine), and that the use of this crop in feed production along with soya bin is promising and appropriate. Based on the analysis of gross yields of lentil in federal districts of Russia in 2010-2019 and export supplies of the crop revealed that the domestic lentil export market expanded 6.1 times, but the country’s lentil consumption decreased 1.18 times. Thus, in the current economic conditions, the issue of finding the use of lentils as a raw export product and expanding the potential for using lentils in the domestic market is relevant. It is proposed to expand the possibilities of using lentils by extruding it, which will allow to have high quality products with good biological value and consumer properties on the domestic market.

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Kaushal, Reshma, and B. C. Jain. "Comparative Study on Crop Diversification in Tribal and Non-tribal Area of Chhattisgarh, India." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 9 (2023): 1091–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92332.

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This paper aims to measure crop diversification for a uniform data set of 21 year in tribal and non-tribal area which includes eight districts of Chhsttisgarh state of India namely Bastar, Kondagaon, Balrampur and Surguja (In tribal region) and Raipur, Rajnandgaon, Durg and Dhamtari (in Non-tribal region). At the same time it focuses on status and changing pattern of crop diversification in the districts with a comparative outlook of both. Data used for the study were collected from year 2001 to 2022 and whole study was divided in to seven periods and separate analysis was done for all period. Simpson index were used to measure the crop diversification in the districts for comparative study. Results of the study shows complete diversification was found in the tribal area in all period through all index and likewise in Surguja and Balrampur district crop specialization was found more than Durg and Raipur districts of non-tribal area. During the study I was found that higher indices observed in the tribal area than non-tribal area. The results have revealed that in almost all crops group very low diversification indices were observed. The study has suggested that despite plenty of natural resources available in the state, the economic improvement of farmers is in infancy. Pre-requisite infrastructural facilities like cheap sources of irrigation water (assured irrigation as the monsoon in the present decade had been erratic and scanty rainfall) and extension of technological know-how (quality seeds and fertilizers), may acts as catalyst in diversification of agriculture towards high-valued crops. These developmental efforts may be helpful in fetching good incomes by the cultivators.

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SANFO, Zalissa. "Analysis of the effect of crop diversification on food security in Burkina Faso." African Scientific Journal Vol 3, N° 14 (2022): 583. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7322806.

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Résumé Le présent article a pour objectif d’analyser l’effet de la diversification des cultures sur la sécurité alimentaire des ménages agricoles au Burkina Faso. L’’indice de Simpson de la diversification a été utilisé pour mesurer la diversification des cultures et l’« endogenous switching model » pour corriger le biais de sélection existant entre la diversification et la sécurité alimentaire. Nos résultats montrent que les ménages diversifiants sont plus en insécurité alimentaire que les ménages non diversifiants. Ces résultats soutiennent que la diversification des cultures doit être soutenue par une utilisation des engrais. Ainsi, si le gouvernement veut améliorer la sécurité alimentaire des ménages agricoles à travers la diversification des cultures, il est nécessaire de mettre un accent particulier sur les politiques d’intrants. Mots clés : diversification, sécurité alimentaire, Burkina Faso   Abstract The purpose of this article is to analyze the effect of crop diversification on the food security of agricultural households in Burkina Faso. The Simpson index of diversification has been used to measure crop diversification and the “endogenous switching model” to correct the existing selection bias between diversification and food security. Our findings show that diversifying households are more food insecure than non-diversifying households. These findings support that crop diversification should be backed up by the use of fertilizers. Thus, if the government wants to improve the food security of agricultural households through crop diversification, it is necessary to put particular emphasis on input policies. Keywords: diversification, food security, Burkina Faso

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Peddi, Dayakar, and B. Suresh Reddy. "Analysis of Irrigation Enhancement, Crop Diversification and Farm Profits: Evidence from Telangana State." Review of Development and Change 28, no. 2 (2023): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09722661231221372.

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In this study, the impact of access to irrigation on crop diversification and farm-level profits in the state of Telangana was examined. This study comprised two primary aspects. First, the determinants of crop diversification in Telangana were investigated using the logit model. Second, various farm production models were developed to evaluate the impact of irrigation enhancement sources on the farm profit function. The findings of this study indicate that the agricultural implements index and market access variables play a role in determining crop diversification in the studied villages, whereas surface irrigation has a negative effect on crop diversification. The Cobb–Douglas production function with different specifications was used in this study, which showed that the logarithms of the fertiliser variable and access to new irrigation facilities that improve groundwater table significantly enhance farm profits in the villages studied. The inclusion of a dummy variable representing agro-climatic conditions also revealed a significant effect on farm profits, indicating that farmers in north-zone districts achieve higher profits than those in central-zone districts, likely due to differences in soil fertility and crop diversification. Understanding the factors influencing farm profits is crucial for policymakers and extension agents in the state for informed decision-making and policy formulation.

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Kurdyś-Kujawska, Agnieszka, Agnieszka Strzelecka, and Danuta Zawadzka. "The Impact of Crop Diversification on the Economic Efficiency of Small Farms in Poland." Agriculture 11, no. 3 (2021): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11030250.

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Crop diversification finds an important place in the strategy of dealing with risk and uncertainty related to climate change. It helps to increase the resilience of farmers, significantly improving their income stability, but at the same time, it can lower the economic efficiency of small farms. The aim of the article is to identify the determinants of crop diversification and the impact of crop diversification on the economic efficiency of small farms in Poland. This article first provides a critical review of the literature on crop diversification, its role in stabilizing agricultural income and its impact on economic efficiency in small farms. Secondly, the level of crop diversification was determined and empirical research was conducted considering the economic, social and agronomic characteristics of farms. Thirdly, the economic efficiency of farms diversifying crops was compared with farms focused on one type of production. The research material consisted of small farms participating in the Polish system of collecting and using farm accountancy data (FADN) in 2018. The level of diversification was determined using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. The factors influencing crop diversification were identified using the logit regression model. The Mann–Whitney U rank sum test was used to assess the significance of the differences in distributions. The research results indicate an average level of crop diversification in small farms in Poland and its regional differentiation. In addition, a statistically significant positive impact on the probability of crop diversification in small farms in Poland was found of variables such as the level of exposure of agricultural production to atmospheric and agricultural drought and the location of the farm in the frost hardiness zone and a statistically significant negative impact of the variable: value of fixed assets. The existence of significant differences in the level of economic efficiency of farms diversifying crops and farms focused on one profile of agricultural production was proved. The study is an important voice in the discussion on increasing measures to strengthen support for small farms that diversify crops so as to ensure their greater stability and economic efficiency.

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Shah, Mohammad Asif. "Agricultural Commercialization and Diversification in Jammu and Kashmir: Causes and Impacts." Kardan Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 1, no. 4 (2018): 1–33. https://doi.org/10.31841/KJEMS.2021.69.

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The paper has examined trends and patterns in crop diversification in Kulgam district of Jammu and Kashmir for the period 2007-08 to 2013-14 using Simpson Index of Diversification (SID) and estimated the determinants of crop diversification by using multiple regression analysis. The cropping pattern for whole of the State, and Kulgam district in particular has been discussed and it has been found that traditional system of the subsistence farming without any surplus is being practiced in the region. The study has revealed that the farmers are steadily shifting towards the cultivation of cash crops, by replacing the food crops, either via specialization or diversification for reaping the higher benefits from the horticulture sector. The use of regression analysis has brought out the importance of gender, family type, and education as the important determinants of crop diversification towards the high-value crops in the region. The study will help in converting the opportunities into benefits and to prevent the economy from the bad consequences of the move which can be a future threat to the State economy.

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De Pinto, Alessandro, Greg Seymour, Elizabeth Bryan, and Prapti Bhandari. "Women’s empowerment and farmland allocations in Bangladesh: evidence of a possible pathway to crop diversification." Climatic Change 163, no. 2 (2020): 1025–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02925-w.

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AbstractClimate change will likely affect several of the dimensions that determine people’s food security status in Bangladesh, from crop production to the availability and accessibility of food products. Crop diversification is a form of adaptation to climate change that reduces exposure to climate-related risks and has also been shown to increase diet diversity, reduce micronutrient deficiencies, and positively affect agro-ecological systems. Despite these benefits, the level of crop diversification in Bangladesh remains extremely low, requiring an examination of the factors that support uptake of this practice. This paper explores whether women’s empowerment, measured using the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), leads to increased diversification in the use of farmland. Our results reveal that some aspects of women’s empowerment in agriculture, but not all, lead to more diversification and to a transition from cereal production to other crops like vegetables and fruits. These findings suggest a possible pathway for gender-sensitive interventions that promote crop diversity as a risk management tool and as a way to improve the availability of nutritious crops.

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Vairavamani, M., D. Muthumanickam, S. Pazhanivelan, R. Kumaraperumal, and K. P. Ragunath. "Crop Diversification Assessment in Tank Ayacut Areas of Lower Palar Sub-Basin of Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India Using Geo-Spatial Techniques." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 10 (2023): 968–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102744.

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For the assessment of crop diversification in the major tank Ayacut area of the Lower Palar sub-basin in Chengalpattu district of Tamil Nadu, research works were carried out using Sentinel 2 optical data by relating with ground truth data, to identify the crops in pixel-based classification and further classified the crops using Random Forest machine learning algorithms. The total area estimated under crop classification was 15767.97 and 28818.17 ha respectively for the summer seasons of 2018 and 2021. Since, the summer season experiences high crop diversification. The water spread area and water volume of tanks estimated were 612.31 and 1177.89 ha and 6,39,248 and 14,06,056 m3 respectively for 2018 and 2021. The accuracy assessment of ground truth points by confusion matrix reveals an overall classification accuracy of 96.8% (2018) and 94.9 % (2021) with kappa scores of 0.96 and 0.94 respectively. The crop diversification assessments were estimated using the Simpson Index of Diversity and values of 0.63 and 0.68 were accounted for in 2018 and 2021 respectively. The diversified pattern of crops is significantly correlated with tank water availability which increased the cropping area in 2021 as confirmed by the Crop Diversification factor.

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Panwar, Pankaj, Deepesh Machiwal, Vandita Kumari, et al. "Sustainable Water Harvesting for Improving Food Security and Livelihoods of Smallholders under Different Climatic Conditions of India." Sustainability 15, no. 12 (2023): 9230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129230.

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In India, the per capita availability of water is projected to be 1465 m3 and 1235 m3 by the years 2025 and 2050, respectively, and hence, India would be a water-stressed country as per the United Nations’ standard of less than 1700 m3 per capita water availability. India is predominantly an agricultural-dominant country. Rainfed agriculture in the country contributes 40% of food grain production and supports half of the human population and two-thirds of the livestock population. The country has 15 different agro-climatic zones, and each agro-climatic region has its own constraints of water availability and management along with the potential for their optimum utilization. Such situations warrant the formulation of regional-level strategies. Efforts were made to integrate and evaluate the feasibility of water harvesting and its utilization at twelve different sites representing six different agro-climatic conditions spanning pan India. It was found that water harvesting through tanks/ponds is a feasible approach and can increase the crop production as well as diversification. The results reveal that the range of crop diversification index increased from 0.49–0.85 to 0.65–0.98; the crop productivity index increased from 0.28–0.66 to 0.66–0.90; the cultivated land utilization index increased from 0.05–0.69 to 0.34–0.84; and the crop water productivity index increased from 0.20–0.51 to 0.56–0.96, among other production and diversification indices, due to additional water availability through rainwater harvesting intervention. Moreover, the gross return increased from INR 43,768–704,356 to INR 220,840–1,469,108 ha−1, representing a 108 to 400% increase in the returns due to the availability of water. The findings of this study suggest that the water harvesting in small ponds/tanks is economical and feasible, requires less technological intervention, and increases crop diversification in all the studied agro-climatic conditions, and hence, the same needs to be encouraged in the rainfed areas of the country.

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Mukherjee, Subhajit, and Souvik Ghosh. "Cropping Scenario in Water User Associations (WUAs) Managed Groundwater Irrigation System’s Command Area in West Bengal." INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXTENSION EDUCATION 59, no. 1 (2023): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2023.59104.

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The groundwater irrigation, catering to more than 60 per cent of total irrigation in India, has significantly contributed to food grains production. Participatory irrigation management programme has been implemented transferring irrigation management to WUAs. Present study was undertaken during 2019 to explore cropping scenario in groundwater irrigation command under jurisdiction of WUAs in Burdwan district of West Bengal covering a random sample of 120 farmers. It is revealed that paddy was the major crop in both kharif and summer season. During rabi season, potato was grown in larger areas followed by mustard. While all 120 farmers had grown paddy as single crop in kharif season, 100 and 82 farmers have cultivated potato and mustard in rabi season and 75 farmers have grown boro rice during summer season. Cultivated land utilization index value was more than 50 per cent. Crop diversity index (CDI) value of 36 per cent showed lack of crop diversification in groundwater irrigation command areas that warrants need of bringing more areas under different crops. Multiple cropping index of 176 per cent showed a higher cropping intensity in groundwater irrigation command. Thus, Extension advisory services need to promote crop diversification in groundwater irrigation command areas through proper crop planning and capacity building of WUAs.

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Ashwini B. C., Nayana, H. N., K. B. Umesh, Gaddi, G. M., and Ramu, M. S. "An Economic Analysis of Cropping Pattern, Marketing Chains and Food Security Status of Farm Households in Rural-Urban Interface of Bengaluru, India." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, no. 5 (2024): 262–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52374.

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The study was taken in rural-urban interface of Bangalore to examine the participation of households in different marketing chains and production diversification on food insecurity status among selected households. Herfindahl-Hirschman (HH) index was used to estimate the crop diversification in both north and south transect. To analyze the household food security status, Food Security Index (FSI) was employed. The results indicated that, south transect was more crop diversified than north transect and the food security status was also high in south transect compared to north transect, hence crop diversity is having positive influence on household food security status in the study area. Among the different crops cultivated in the study area, percentage of area under ragi was the highest followed by maize in both the transects. In case of both maize and ragi, majority of the farm households sold their produce in the regulated markets. But ragi producers realized higher price (Rs. 2350/q) in farmers market (producer to consumers) and maize producers realized higher price (Rs. 1550/q) in regulated markets. Food security can be enhance through crop diversification and better price realization can be achieved by encouraging to adopt direct marketing or selling farmers produce through regulated markets.

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Tata, L. A., Abu, I. A., Garba, A., and Abdullahi, S. "FACTORS INFLUENCING LIVELIHOOD DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES AMONG WOMEN CROP FARMERS IN GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA." Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development 7, no. 2 (2024): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.59331/jasd.v7i2.753.

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The study assessed the livelihood diversification activities among women crop farmers in Gombe State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 416 respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The major sources of livelihood diversification information were peer group/co farmers and extension agent constituting 75.7% and 72.8% of the respondents, respectively. The result also show that majority (72.8%) of the respondents had access to extension agents and 35.7% were frequently visited monthly. Furthermore the result revealed that marital status (P<0.01), years of membership (P<0.01), access to credit (P<0.05), land (P<0.05), household head (P<0.10) and household size (P<0.10) were the significant factors influencing livelihood diversification in the study area. The result of propensity score matching of the livelihood diversification index on income showed (P<0.05) between the treatment and the control. The study concluded that marital status, years of membership, access to credit, and household size were the major factors influencing livelihood diversification in the study area. It is recommended that women should be encouraged to diversify and participate more in extension programs for exposure to communication information and embrace more diversification opportunities.

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Chea, Vatana, Socheat Keo, and Sereyvath Yoeun. "Impact of Farmer Associations on Sales and Crop Diversification." Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 32, S4 (2024): 93–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.32.s4.05.

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Contributing to the growing interest in understanding the impact of farmer cooperatives on rural household welfare, we add new empirical evidence to the current literature and debate. In particular, this study investigates the impact of farmer cooperatives on sales per hectare of land and crop diversification, which have been largely overlooked. We apply the Propensity Score Matching method to the Cambodia Inter-Censal Agricultural Survey 2019, with its large sample size of 16,000 small-scale producers. Additionally, we perform a robustness check to ensure our findings are unbiased. Results indicate that Cambodian farmers perceive the cooperatives as a risk-sharing mechanism or knowledge-sharing platform that provides technical know-how to cope with natural calamities. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) outputs show a significantly positive impact of participating in the cooperatives on sales and the crop diversification index. This study thus advocates increasing technical support and implementing policies by the government to help cooperatives thrive and expand.

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Soni. "Is Crop Diversification Impacting the Trade Basket of the Indian Economy?" Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 11s (2025): 306–13. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i11s.1590.

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Agriculture is important in the Indian economy, with more than half of the rural population. Agriculture is imperative for the Indian economy, with over half of the rural population relying on agriculture and interrelated activities as their foremost source of income. The introduction of New Agricultural Technology in the mid-1960s brought about significant changes in Indian agriculture, leading to further alterations in the following years. Since the 1990s, there has been a perceptible growth in diversification within the agriculture sector in India. Farmers have adopted crop diversification to reduce their vulnerability to risks and challenges in agriculture while also aiming to lift their farm income. The alteration towards more profitable and high-value crops in Indian agriculture reflects deviations in the country's consumption patterns. The study highlights the impact of crop diversification on trade, which is measured by using the share of the agriculture sector in India’s exports and imports. To check the impact of crop diversification on agriculture sector growth, a share of agriculture in GDP has been taken. The study's objective is to check the direction of the impact of crop diversification on the variables: agriculture's contributions to the GDP and India’s exports and imports. The Shannon index is used to identify the crop diversity in India. Share in GDP, import, and export are taken from various Government sites such as the Department of Commerce, Ministry of Statistics, and program implementation and agriculture statistics at a glance. The results are analyzed by using a multiple linear regression model. The results show a positive impact of crop diversification on GDP and Exports and a negative impact on imports..

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Soni. "Is Crop Diversification Impacting the Trade Basket of the Indian Economy?" Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 9, no. 4s (2024): 01–08. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v9i4s.1590.

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Agriculture is important in the Indian economy, with more than half of the rural population. Agriculture is imperative for the Indian economy, with over half of the rural population relying on agriculture and interrelated activities as their foremost source of income. The introduction of New Agricultural Technology in the mid-1960s brought about significant changes in Indian agriculture, leading to further alterations in the following years. Since the 1990s, there has been a perceptible growth in diversification within the agriculture sector in India. Farmers have adopted crop diversification to reduce their vulnerability to risks and challenges in agriculture while also aiming to lift their farm income. The alteration towards more profitable and high-value crops in Indian agriculture reflects deviations in the country's consumption patterns. The study highlights the impact of crop diversification on trade, which is measured by using the share of the agriculture sector in India’s exports and imports. To check the impact of crop diversification on agriculture sector growth, a share of agriculture in GDP has been taken. The study's objective is to check the direction of the impact of crop diversification on the variables: agriculture's contributions to the GDP and India’s exports and imports. The Shannon index is used to identify the crop diversity in India. Share in GDP, import, and export are taken from various Government sites such as the Department of Commerce, Ministry of Statistics, and program implementation and agriculture statistics at a glance. The results are analyzed by using a multiple linear regression model. The results show a positive impact of crop diversification on GDP and Exports and a negative impact on imports..

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Muhammed, Y., S. O. Adejoh, K. O. Arowolo, and C. Galadima. "Income Diversification among Small-Holder Farmers in Bosso Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria." BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT 5, no. 3 (2023): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35849/bjare202303/132/008.

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The study examined income diversification among smallholder farmers in Bosso Local Government Area of Niger state, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 94 respondents for the study. Primary data were used and collected with aid of structured questionnaire complemented with an interview schedule. Descriptive statistics, diversity index and Logit regression model were employed to analyze the data collected. From the result of analysis, the mean age of the farmers was 44 years, average household size was 8 members per household and farm size was 2.4 hectares. Majority (78.7%) of the respondents acquired one form of formal education or the other, while 21.3% did not have formal education. Reasons for income diversification were poor crop and animal yield (97.9%), availability of off-farm opportunities and limited income from animal production (78.7%), and limited income from crop production (75.5%) ranked 1st, 2nd and 4th, respectively. The result further revealed that 69.2% of the respondents had an income diversity index of 0.21 - 0.40 indicating that level of income diversification was moderately low. The determinants of income diversification in the study area were age (-2.12), household size (1.83), land ownership (2.36), non – farm opportunities (5.42) and farm size (-2.47). These variables were positively related to income diversification and statistically significant 10%, 5% and 1% level of probability, respectively. In conclusion, diversification into various income sources have helped the respondents to sustain family demands, although, level of income diversification was low. It was therefore recommended that Government should formulate and implement policies that encourage smallholders to diversify their income in the study area.

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Chen, Xinjian, Mengyao Xia, Di Zeng, and Xiaojun Fan. "Citrus Specialization or Crop Diversification: The Role of Smallholder’s Subjective Risk Aversion and Case Evidence from Guangxi, China." Horticulturae 9, no. 6 (2023): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9060627.

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Specialization may lead to higher income for small-scale farmers but comes with increased risks, while diversification can mitigate risks and foster agricultural sustainability. Considering the influences of complex risks and farmers’ subjective risk aversion, the decision for small-scale farmers to specialize in citrus cultivation or diversify with multiple crops remains uncertain. There is currently limited understanding of this issue among citrus smallholders in rural China. This study aims to fill this empirical gap by examining the impact of smallholder farmers’ subjective risk aversion on their choice between citrus monoculture and crop diversification. It utilizes a subjective risk assessment approach that incorporates farmers’ risk perceptions and risk attitudes towards citrus farming. Farm crop diversification is assessed through the utilization of both the count index and Shannon index. The empirical analysis employs survey data obtained from citrus growers in Guangxi, China, and applies an instrumental variable regression method with endogeneity consideration using the IV-Probit model and 2SLS model estimation. The results reveal that both risk perceptions and risk attitudes play important roles in citrus smallholders’ land allocation decisions. Specifically, citrus farmers who perceive higher risks and adopt risk-averse attitudes are statistically more inclined to engage in land use diversification practices, including the practice of growing citrus as well as other crops, which contributes to reducing the risks of citrus farming and promoting local environmental conservation. These results contribute to a better scholarly comprehension of the relationship between risk perceptions, risk attitudes, and crop diversification among small-scale citrus farmers. They provide valuable insights for enhancing the sustainability of land use systems with citrus farming while also emphasizing the importance of maintaining essential diversification in small-scale farming throughout the process of agricultural modernization.

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Surender, Kumar, and Prem Chand Dr. "Agricultural Land Use and Crop Diversification Trends in Hisar District: A Multi-Decadal Analysis (1991-2011)." SIDDHANTA'S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH IN ARTS & HUMANITIES 2, no. 4 (2025): 197–214. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15580697.

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Urban expansion has significantly altered agricultural land use by disrupting the traditional farming patterns and indirectly influencing crop selection over time. The farmers face increasing pressure to prioritize high-yield cash crops over diversified farming systems as urbanization encroaches on cultivable land which increases the burden on farmers to balance productivity with limited land area. This study examines the multi-decadal transformation of agricultural land use in Hisar District of Haryana for three census time periods (1991, 2001, and 2011) and simultaneous changes in cropping intensity and crop diversification. Using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and the Crop Diversification Index (CDI), the study quantifies the declining trend in crop diversity and growing dependence on select dominant crops. The findings indicate a steady rise in HHI values revealing greater crop concentration while the corresponding decline in CDI scores shows reduced crop diversity across different blocks in Hisar district. This shift has significant implications for soil health, economic stability, and long-term agricultural sustainability, as decreased crop diversity increases susceptibility to market risks and has environmental implications that include soil depletion and loss in soil fertility. The study underscores the need for integrated land-use policies in urban planning that promote diversified cropping systems and mitigate the adverse effects of urban expansion on agricultural sector.

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Kumar, Ammaladinne Tharun, Anima Biswal, Gade Sreenivas, M. Venkataramana, A. Madhavi, and R. Vijaya Kumari. "Spatial Analysis of Crop Diversity in Telangana: Implications for Agricultural Sustainability." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30, no. 7 (2024): 507–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72166.

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Aim: In this study, crop diversity in Telangana during the Yasangi season (October to May) from 2017 to 2022 was assessed at the mandal level using crop area data resultant from remote sensing. Place and Duration of Study: Telangana, from 2017-18 to 2021-22. Methodology: Sentinel 2A and 2B MSI L2A satellite products were processed to obtain time series normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images. Major rabi crops were identified by extracting pure cropped pixels based on ground truth data using the NDVI composite index, which includes temporal profiling of NDVI values over time. A hybrid method, combining phenology-based decision rules and unsupervised classification, was employed to demarcate rabi crop area. Results: The cropped area estimates from remote sensing showed a strong positive correlation with data provided by government agencies. To asses agricultural diversification at the mandal level, the Gibbs and Martin formula (1962) of crop diversification index was used to generate the crop diversity index, focusing solely on the net planted area of crops during rabi season. The Crop Diversity Index (CDI) values reveal low diversity in Telangana, primarily due to paddy monocropping. This reliance on a single crop can lead to soil depletion and increased pest problems. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the environmental and economic impacts of monoculture. Policymakers should encourage farmers to diversify their crops, incorporating less water-intensive options like groundnut, sunflower and chickpea to improve yields, soil fertility and reduce environmental impact. Enhancing irrigation infrastructure to support diverse crops and ensuring equitable water distribution can help reduce the dominance of paddy and promote sustainable agriculture. Supporting research and development in crop diversity and sustainable farming techniques, along with educational campaigns, can lead to more resilient and economically viable farming practices.

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Jincy, P.P., P. L. Priyanka, R. Madhumitha, and K. Kumaraswamy. "Patterns of Crop Concentration and Diversification of Kongu Uplands, Tamil Nadu, India." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 03, no. 05 (2018): 72–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1253406.

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In the present study the spatial patterns of agricultural crops in Kongu Uplands has been outlined through the statistical techniques of crop concentration and diversification. The study is at block level which covers eighty-one blocks of eight Districts viz., Coimbatore, Tiruppur, Erode, Karur, Tiruchirappalli, Namakkal, Salem and Dindigul. The study area covers an area of approximately 26,000 sq. km. The statistical techniques plays significant role in assessing the dominating positions of crops in a particular area. Bhatia’s Location Quotient method and Gibb’s Martin’s quantitative technique has been adopted for computing the crop concentration and the diversification index respectively. Jowar, Coconut, Ground Nut, Paddy, Maize, Fodder Crop and Sugar Cane are identified to be the highly concentrated crops in the study area in which jowar and Coconut covers large portions of the cropped land area. The crop diversification of seventy-five blocks is high, five blocks are moderate and one block is low, which clearly suggests that Kongu Uplands is highly diversified with crops.

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Nirmala, G., A. Amarender Reddy, P. K. Pankaj, et al. "Livelihood Diversification in Rainfed Areas of Telangana State: Evidence from Household Level Survey." Indian Journal of Extension Education 60, no. 1 (2024): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2024.60113.

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Farmers in rainfed agriculture participate in both on-farm and off-farm activities to reduce risks from weather shocks, low farm fragmentation, low soil productivity, and frequent droughts and floods. Dependence on farm revenue alone proved difficult and risky. The study was conducted in 2022 to determine patterns and a livelihood diversification index at the household level for various farm sizes producing the chickpea crop. Primary data were acquired from 80 randomly selected farmer respondents in four mandals of Kamareddy district in Telangana State. Descriptive statistics were applied to characterize the sample households’ demographic, social, and economic factors. The livelihood diversification index was estimated using the Simpson diversity index at the household level. The data revealed that small and marginal farmers have very high diversification levels, while medium and large farmers have high diversification levels. The percentage share of on farm income stands highest for large farmers and lowest for marginal farmers and vice versa about non-farm activity. Regression analysis indicated education, farm size, total on-farm income, and net returns from pulse crops were significant determinants for diversification. The study further suggests that government support needs to focus on the provision of incentives for diversification at both on-farm and non-farm levels.

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Paredes Mamani, Rene Paz. "Especialización y diversificación de cultivos transitorios en la región de Puno." Semestre Económico 5, no. 1 (2016): 127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26867/se.2016.v05i1.51.

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Agriculture in the Puno region has great potential for employment generation, food security and poverty reduction, through agro-ecological conditions, biodiversity and the ancestral knowledge of the population about using the flora and fauna native. Unfortunately, this potential has remained untapped in various districts of the region, where the highest rates of poverty are concentrated, for various reasons such as limited access to basic services, low levels of training and support of producers, weak organization limited investment in productive infrastructure, smallholding or fragmentation of land, the emerging technology innovation , climate risks , which are combined with the limited institutional climate and levels of social capital have not favored the development of the agricultural sector. The crop diversification in this context has played a significant role majority of family farmers in the region of Puno. In this study, firstly to analyze the diversification of annual crops in the region of Puno, an index of diversification is estimated at the level of agricultural units to 185 thousand 136 farming units in the region of Puno. Second, the factors is estimated that crop diversification through a probit model, for which the database of the National Agricultural Census (CENAGRO)-2012 are used. The estimated results of the diversification index of annual crops using the Herfindahl index exhibit significant heterogeneity at the level of agricultural units at district and provincial level. The regional average rate is estimated at 0.44. Among the factors that explain the diversification of crops are acres of land, access to credit, technical training, access to irrigation, the level of primary education, gender, age, geographical altitude, and native language ( Aymara and Quechua ). While the variables are negatively influencing the level of secondary education, higher education level and associativity of the producer.

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Nyamayevu, Donald, Isaiah Nyagumbo, Mazvita Chiduwa, Weili Liang, and Ruiqi Li. "Understanding Crop Diversification Among Smallholder Farmers: Socioeconomic Insights from Central Malawi." Sustainability 16, no. 20 (2024): 9078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16209078.

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In Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA), smallholder rain-fed systems are vital, yet they are challenged by land degradation, soil fertility decline, and climate risks. To address these challenges, crop diversification has been promoted as a potential pathway to enhance productivity, improve nutritional security, and offer a viable pathway out of poverty and hunger. This study explores crop diversification among 150 smallholder households in the Kasungu, Mchinji, and Lilongwe districts of Malawi, where the project Sustainable Intensification of Maize Legume Systems in East and Southern Africa (SIMLESA) has engaged the smallholder farmers in conservation agriculture (CA)-based sustainable intensification participatory research and development for seven years since 2010. This study used Simpson’s diversity index (SDI) to estimate crop diversification, and a multiple linear regression model (MLRM) to analyze how smallholder farmers’ socio-economic characteristics influence adoption. The findings show a prevalence of small farms of less than 1.5 hectares, with most farmers perceiving crop diversification as beneficial for soil fertility. Key adoption constraints include labor shortages and a lack of legume seeds. SIMLESA participants lead in crop rotations, with a 63% higher adoption rate, and show the highest crop diversity, with a 99% increase in farmers growing three crops and a 74% increase in those growing four crops compared to non-SIMLESA farmers. The SDI values were 0.39 for non-SIMLESA, 0.48 for SIMLESA neighbors, and 0.57 for SIMLESA participants. Access to NGO inputs, larger farm sizes, and participation in research programs were positively associated with diversification, while food insufficiency was negatively associated with its adoption. The study highlights the importance of integrating participatory research methods to promote development initiatives effectively.

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Alawode, Olubunmi O., Isaac B. Oluwatayo, and Afusat O. Abdullahi. "Income Diversification, Inequality and Poverty among Rural Households in Oyo State, Nigeria." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 5(J) (2017): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i5(j).1911.

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The study examined income diversification, inequality and poverty among rural households in Oyo state, Nigeria. Cross-section data were generated from the survey conducted on a sample of 200 households with the aid of structured questionnaire using multi-stage sampling procedure. Descriptive statistics, diversification index, Gini coefficient, FGT poverty index, and the Probit regression model were used to analyze data. Mean income diversification index of 1.22 shows that majority of the respondents had multiple streams of income but crop farming had the largest share (90%) in total income. Mean income of respondents was â‚¦77,613.2Â±83575.01, and Gini coefficient of 0.48, 0.46, and 0.39 were obtained for total income, nonagricultural income, and agricultural income respectively. The poverty line was â‚¦6,490.50 and mean per capita expenditure was â‚¦9,735.74. The head count ratio showed that 53.5% of the households were poor while 46.5% were regarded as non-poor, and poverty gap was 0.214. From probit results, age, secondary occupation, and farm size had significant inverse relationship with poverty status. Having primary and secondary income sources is poverty reducing, therefore, rural households should be encouraged to remain in farming, especially crop farming, and motivated through skill acquisition to diversify into other income generating activities.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Index of crop diversification'

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