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Journal articles on the topic 'India Malabar'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Sandeep, T. "Acquiring the Power of Natives: The Socio-Economic Transition of Malabar into the Colonial Economy, 1792-1812." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 1, no. 4 (October 25, 2014): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v1i4.11180.

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The end of the eighteenth century, the English East India Company dominated most of the part of the Indian peninsula. In a way, it was also considered as the revolutionary transition of the Indian society through the westernization. At the same time, some historians point out that, it was the period of anarchy as well as the dark age of the Indian history. The English East India Company controlled the trade between India and Europe, and finally they acquired the administrative power over India. In the context of Malabar, the English East India Company took the administration in 1792, and emerged as a kind of superlord through the domination over the indigenous rulers. The advent of the Company rule in Malabar replaced the traditional customs and introduced structural changes in the society and economy. This study emphasis on the people’s attitude towards the Company administration in Malabar and how they incorporated to the ‘new administration’. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v1i4.11180 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-1, issue-4: 160-163

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2

Ashraf, N. V. K., A. Kumar, and A. J. T. Johnsingh. "Two endemic viverrids of the Western Ghats, India." Oryx 27, no. 2 (April 1993): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300020640.

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The Malabar and brown palm civets, Viverra civettina and Paradoxurus jerdoni, are both endemic to the Western Ghats of south-west India. Little is known about them and in 1990 a survey was conducted in three parts of the Western Ghats to assess their status. This revealed that isolated populations of Malabar civet still survive in less disturbed areas of South Malabar but they are seriously threatened by habitat destruction and hunting because they are outside protected areas. The brown palm civet is not immediately threatened because there are about 25 protected areas within its distribution range. Recommendations have been made for conservation action to ensure the survival of these animals.

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3

Kooria, Mahmood. "Politics, Economy and Islam in ‘Dutch Ponnāni’, Malabar Coast." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 62, no. 1 (December 10, 2019): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341473.

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AbstractPonnāni was a port in southwestern India that resisted the Portuguese incursions in the sixteenth century through the active involvement of religious, mercantile and military elites. In the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Ponnāni was the only place where the Dutch East India Company had commercial access into the kingdom of the Zamorins of Calicut. When the Dutch gained prominence in the coastal belt, this port town became the main centre for their commercial, diplomatic, and political transactions. But as a religious centre it began to recede into oblivion in the larger Indian Ocean and Islamic scholarly networks. The present article examines this dual process and suggests important reasons for the transformations. It argues that the port town became crucial for diplomatic and economic interests of the Dutch East India Company and the Zamorins, whereas its Muslim population became more parochial as they engaged with themselves than with the larger socio-political and scholarly networks.

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4

Jhala, Angma D. "The Malabar Hill murder trial of 1925." Indian Economic & Social History Review 46, no. 3 (July 2009): 373–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001946460904600305.

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This article seeks to address issues relating to sovereignty, law and sexual politics in colonial princely India through an examination of the Malabar Hill Murder Trial of 1925 in the Bombay High Court. In this particular case, the Hindu Maratha Maharaja of Indore was charged with the murder of his Muslim courtesan's lover. The ensuing trial illuminates two important developments in late colonial Indian law. First, it reveals how British courts empowered some Indian women as individual agents before the law, despite the restrictions of pardah (or seclusion), to contest and resist indigenous patriarchies. Second, it exposes the complex rela-tionship between Indian kingship and British paramountcy. Due to their position as semi-autonomous rulers, who were not under the restrictions of British Indian law, native princes were exempt from being tried in British Indian courts on the basis of their treaty regulations. This case discusses the extent to which the sexual desires and love unions of the Indian kings were affected by the princely state's fraught relationship with the colonial regime. In this in-stance, the Malabar Hill Murder trial cost the ruler his gaddi (throne) when he was compelled to abdicate.

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5

Abraham, Santhosh. "Colonial Law in Early British Malabar." South Asia Research 31, no. 3 (November 2011): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026272801103100304.

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This article examines the development of colonial law in Malabar between 1792 and 1810. Within the historical context of emerging colonialism as a pivotal factor, it shows that there was no simple unilinear process in the making of colonial law in this region of India, but rather a series of continuities and discontinuities of practices. A clear shift in the logic of governance is identified, however, as new technologies of power, particularly writing and documentation, resulted in several formalities of practices in the making of the colonial state and legal system in India.

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6

NATARAJAN, R., ALEX EAPEN, and P. JAMBULINGAM. "Heizmannia rajagopalani n. sp. (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kerala, India, a species previously misidentified as Hz. metallica (Leicester)." Zootaxa 4722, no. 5 (January 16, 2020): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4722.5.5.

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The original description of Heizmannia (Heizmannia) metallica (Leicester) from Malaysia, and specimens collected in India that were provisionally identified as Hz. metallica, were re-examined for their taxonomic status. Heizmannia metallica from Malaysia was found by Mattingly (1970) to be a junior synonym of Hz. indica (Theobald), whereas we found the specimens identified as Hz. metallica from India to differ distinctly from the holotype of Hz. metallica. We collected adults near Malabar Coast, Western Ghats which corresponded with Indian Hz. metallica sensu auctorum and here describe the previously misidentified species as Hz. (Hez.) rajagopalani n. sp. The adult male and female of the new species, and their genitalia, are described and illustrated.

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7

Kumar, Sandopu Sravan, Vallamkondu Manasa, Ajay W. Tumaney, Bettadaiah B. K., Sachin Rama Chaudhari, and Parvatam Giridhar. "Chemical composition, nutraceuticals characterization, NMR confirmation of squalene and antioxidant activities of Basella rubra L. seed oil." RSC Advances 10, no. 53 (2020): 31863–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra06048h.

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8

Sreevidhya, P., S. V. Akhil, and C. D. Sebastian. "Two new light attracted rove beetle species of Astenus Dejean, 1833 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from Kerala, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 18215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6729.13.5.18215-18226.

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Two new light attracted species of rove beetles of the genus Astenus Dejean, 1833 (Astenus keralensis sp. nov. and Astenus rougemonti sp. nov.) from Malabar coastal plains of northern Kerala in southern India are described, illustrated, and compared to closely related species. First report of Astenus kraatzi Bernhauer, 1902 from Indian mainland and a checklist and key to all 41 species of Astenus recorded from the Indian mainland are provided.

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9

VADHYAR, RAKESH G., K. A. SUJANA, J. H. FRANKLIN BENJAMIN, and G. V. S. MURTHY. "Eugenia sphaerocarpa (Myrtaceae), a new species from Western Ghats of Kerala, India." Phytotaxa 442, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.442.2.7.

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Eugenia sphaerocarpa, from Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary of Kozhikode district in Kerala, India, is described and illustrated. It has some morphological similarities with Eugenia codyensis, but characteristically differs by having obconic hypanthium, round staminal disk and glossy lemon-yellow coloured fruits. Palynological studies evidenced that the new species have cryptic androdioecy, a feature that is reported in Indian Eugenia for the first time.

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10

Varghese, Baby. "Renewal in the Malankara Orthodox Church, India." Studies in World Christianity 16, no. 3 (December 2010): 226–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2010.0102.

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The Malanakra Orthodox Syrian Church, which belongs to the family of the Oriental Orthodox Churches, proudly claims to be founded by the Apostle St Thomas. Its history before the fifteenth century is very poorly documented. However, this ancient Christian community was in intermittent relationship with the East Syrian Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, which was discontinued with the arrival of the Portuguese, who forcefully converted it to Roman Catholicism. After a union of fifty-five years, the St Thomas Christians were able to contact the Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch, thanks to the arrival of the Dutch in Malabar and the expulsion of the Portuguese. The introduction of the West Syrian Liturgical rites was completed by the middle of the nineteenth century. The arrival of the Anglican Missionaries in Malabar in the beginning of the nineteenth century provided the Syrian Christians the opportunity for modern English education and thus to make significant contributions to the overall development of Kerala, one of the states of the Indian Republic.

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11

Fernández Rodríguez, José Manuel, José Mar Severios, and Benedicto Mar Gregorios. "La Iglesia Siro-Malankar unida a la comunión católica romana." Diálogo Ecuménico, no. 157 (January 1, 2015): 295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.36576/summa.46465.

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La reciente Iglesia malankar católica, de tradición antioquena, entronca su origen genealógico en la Iglesia Malabar, de tradición caldea. También se asienta en el sur de la India. Como era de suponer, su origen más inmediato procede de su “contraparte” ortodoxa, la Iglesia ortodoxa siro-malankar. Esta breve crónica va dedicada a conmemorar la constitución de la comunidad católica siro-malankar en el Malabar que se unió a Roma en 1930. En 2015, sus miembros celebran los 85 años del aniversario de su unión, su reconocimiento y su vida dentro de la gran familia católica. Hoy día, es una de las Iglesias sui iuris que hay en la India en plena comunión con la Sede Romana.

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12

Singh, Mewa, Mridula Singh, Honnavalli N. Kumara, Shanthala Kumar, Smitha D. Gnanaoliu, and Ramamoorthy Sasi. "A review of research on the distribution, ecology, behaviour, and conservation of the Slender Loris Loris lydekkerianus (Mammalia: Primates: Lorisidae) in India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 11 (September 26, 2021): 19540–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7562.13.11.19540-19552.

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The Slender Loris in India includes two subspecies, the Mysore Slender Loris and the Malabar Slender Loris, with unidentified populations at overlapping ranges of the subspecies. Prior to 1996, the knowledge on Indian lorises was mostly limited to laboratory studies, or some anecdotes from the wild. Since late 1990, several intensive field studies have been carried out which informed about the status, ecology, behaviour, conservation issues, and management of the Slender Loris in India. Here, we review all these studies, discuss the major findings and identify directions for future research.

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13

Odegard, Erik. "Construction at Cochin: Building ships at the VOC-yard in Cochin." International Journal of Maritime History 31, no. 3 (August 2019): 481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871419860696.

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The port of Cochin on the Malabar Coast of India had always been a centre of shipbuilding. After the Dutch conquest in the port in 1663, the Dutch East India Company (VOC), too, established a shipyard there. At this yard, the VOC experimented with building ocean-going ships until the management of the company decreed that these were to be built solely in the Dutch Republic itself. During the first half of the eighteenth century, the yard focused on the repair of passing Indiamen and the construction of smaller vessels for use in and between the VOC commands in Malabar, Coromandel, Bengal and Sri Lanka. For most of the vessels built during the 1720s and 1730s, detailed accounts exist, allowing for a reconstruction of the costs of the various shipbuilding materials in Malabar, as well as the relative cost of labour. From the 1750s onwards, operations at the yard again become more difficult to discern. Likely, the relative decline of the VOC’s presence in Malabar caused a reduction in operations at the yard, but the shipyard was still in existence when Cochin was captured by British forces in 1795. However, this did not mean the end of Cochin as a shipbuilding centre, as a number or Royal Navy frigates were built at Cochin during the early nineteenth century.

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14

Raman, T. R. Shankar, and Divya Mudappa. "Correlates of hornbill distribution and abundance in rainforest fragments in the southern Western Ghats, India." Bird Conservation International 13, no. 3 (September 2003): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270903003162.

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The distribution and abundance patterns of Malabar Grey Hornbill Ocyceros griseus and Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis were studied in one undisturbed and one heavily altered rainforest landscape in the southern Western Ghats, India. The Agasthyamalai hills (Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, KMTR) contained over 400 km2 of continuous rainforest, whereas the Anamalai hills (now Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary, IGWS) contained fragments of rainforest in a matrix of tea and coffee plantations. A comparison of point-count and line transect census techniques for Malabar Grey Hornbill at one site indicated much higher density estimates in point-counts (118.4/km2) than in line transects (51.5/km2), probably due to cumulative count over time in the former technique. Although line transects appeared more suitable for long-term monitoring of hornbill populations, point-counts may be useful for large-scale surveys, especially where forests are fragmented and terrain is unsuitable for line transects. A standard fixed radius point-count method was used to sample different altitude zones (600–1,500 m) in the undisturbed site (342 point-counts) and fragments ranging in size from 0.5 to 2,500 ha in the Anamalais (389 point-counts). In the fragmented landscape, Malabar Grey Hornbill was found in higher altitudes than in KMTR, extending to nearly all the disturbed fragments at mid-elevations (1,000–1,200 m). Great Hornbill persisted in the fragmented landscape using all three large fragments (> 200 ha). It was also recorded in four of five medium-sized fragments (25–200 ha) and one of five small fragments (< 25 ha), which was adjacent to shade coffee plantations. Abundance of Malabar Grey Hornbill declined with altitude and increased with food-tree species richness. Great Hornbill abundance increased with food-tree species richness, suggesting that maintenance of high diversity of hornbill food species in fragments is important for their persistence. It is likely that the smaller and less specialized Malabar Grey Hornbill will survive in disturbed and fragmented forest landscapes, while Great Hornbill is more vulnerable to habitat alteration. Protection and restoration of rainforest fragments and food-tree resources, besides protection of existing large fragments, will aid the conservation of hornbills in the region.

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15

BALASUBRAMANIAN, P., R. SARAVANAN, and B. MAHESWARAN. "Fruit preferences of Malabar Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros coronatus in Western Ghats, India." Bird Conservation International 14, S1 (December 2004): S69—S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270905000249.

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Food habits of Malabar Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros coronatus were studied from December 2000 to December 2001, in the Athikadavu valley, Western Ghats, India. A total of 147 individuals belonging to 18 fleshy-fruited tree species were monitored fortnightly. Thirteen fruit species, including five figs and eight non-figs, were recorded in the birds' diet. The overall number of tree species in fruit and fruiting individuals increased with the onset of summer, the Malabar Pied Hornbill's breeding season. The peak in fruiting is attributed to the peak in fruiting by figs. Figs formed the top three preferred food species throughout the year. During the non-breeding period (May to February), 60% of the diet was figs. During the peak breeding period (March and April), two nests were monitored for 150 hours. Ninety-eight per cent of food deliveries to nest inmates were fruits belonging to six species. Most fruits delivered at the nests constituted figs (75.6%). In addition, figs sustained hornbills during the lean season and should be considered “keystone species” in the riverine forest ecosystem. Two non-fig species are also important. Habitat features and local threats at Athikadavu valley were assessed. The distribution and conservation status of Malabar Pied Hornbill in the Western Ghats was reviewed. Conservation of hornbill habitats, particularly the lowland riparian vegetation, is imperative.

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16

Saleem, U. K. A., and M. Nasser. "Insect-induced galls of the Malabar bioregion, Southern India." Oriental Insects 49, no. 3-4 (July 3, 2015): 165–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2015.1081420.

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17

AKHILESH, K. V., K. K. BINEESH, C. P. R. SHANIS, B. A. HUMAN, and U. GANGA. "Rediscovery and description of the quagga shark, Halaelurus quagga (Alcock, 1899) (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae) from the southwest coast of India." Zootaxa 2781, no. 1 (March 2, 2011): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2781.1.3.

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The Quagga shark Halaelurus quagga (Alcock, 1899) is one of the poorest known scyliorhinid (Carcharhiniformes) sharks of the world, described from a single specimen collected from the Arabian Sea coast of India (off Malabar). Since its description, the only other published reports of this species are of specimens from Somalia. This paper reports on H. quagga from Indian waters, more than 100 years after its description, and only the third report of specimens of this species globally. A re-description of H. quagga is also provided based on the recent Indian specimens.

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18

Gabriel, Theodore. "Caste conflict In Kalpeni Island." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 51, no. 3 (October 1988): 489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00116489.

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Kalpeni is one of the islands of the enchantingly beautiful small archipelago known as Lakshadweep, a group of diminutive coral islands lying off the southwest coast of India, scattered on the Arabian sea 200 to 400 kilometres off the Kerala Coast. The islands, though small, are densely populated-inhabited by an interesting tribal people, who are engaged mainly in cultivation of the coconut tree, and as a side-line, in fishing. The archipelago is part of the Republic of India, and is ruled directly by the Central Government since 1958. The events narrated in this article, however, took place when the islands were attached for administrative purposes to the districts of Malabar and South Kanara of the Madras Presidency (as most of British South India was called in the colonial days). Kalpeni Island was situated in that part of this territory of which the District Collector of Malabar was the supreme authority.

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19

Shafeeque, K. P. Abdul. "Contesting authentic Islam: Ahlul Quran movements and performance of debates in the religious sphere of Kerala." Performing Islam 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 59–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/pi_00005_1.

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Abstract Ahlul Quran movements introduced the debates on the question of the authority of tradition as the second source of Islamic knowledge and critiqued the existing notions of Islam among the Malabar Muslims in Kerala. These intra-Islamic factions attempted to reinterpret Islam according to their interpretations solely based on the Quran and developed their take on what constitutes 'authentic Islam'. This article uses Ahlul Quran as a generic term for the two main Ahlul Quran movements that developed in the Malabar Coast during the early and late half of the twentieth century. These two movements were the Ahlul Quran movement of Pazhayangadi by B. Kunjahamed Haji and Khuran Sunnath Society of Abul Hasan (popularly known as Chekanur Moulavi). They initiated numerous oral debates and discussions with various Islamic groups existing in the Malabar region such as Sunnis, Mujahids, Ahmediyyas and Jamaat-e-Islami, challenging and contesting different notions of 'authentic Islam'. Along with oral debates, it also gave birth to textual contestations, with voluminous books, articles and pamphlets challenging each other. This article traces the intra-religious debates that developed among the Malabar Muslims after the emergence of Ahlul Quran thoughts. It analyses how the existing Islamic groups upholding different versions of 'authentic Islam' in the Malabar region, located in the northern part of Kerala, South India, challenged the growth of these Ahlul Quran movements. In short, during the numerous debates and contestations that happened between the Islamic groups within the Malabar region the article explores how these debates are a constant performance of Islam and its tradition.

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Jyothi, K. M., and P. O. Nameer. "Birds of sacred groves of northern Kerala, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 7, no. 15 (December 26, 2015): 8226. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2463.7.15.8226-8236.

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<p>Sacred groves are patches of vegetation preserved due to religious or cultural tradition. They are protected through spiritual beliefs. Sacred groves provide an excellent abode to the biodiversity of the region where they are located. Scientific exploration of fauna from sacred groves of India is few and far between. The present study was conducted to explore the bird diversity and abundance in 15 selected sacred groves of northern Kerala, eight from Kannur District and seven from Kasargod District each. A total of 111 bird species were observed belonging to 49 families and 16 orders. The sacred groves of northern Kerala support many of the ‘forest-birds’ such as the Grey Junglefowl <em>Gallus sonneratii</em>, Asian Fairy-bluebird <em>Irena puella</em>, Tickell’s Blue-flycatcher <em>Cyornis tickelliae</em>, Malabar Trogon <em>Harpactes fasciatus</em>, Heart-spotted Woodpecker <em>Hemicircus canente</em>, Malabar Whistling-Thrush <em>Myophonus horsfieldii</em>, Little Spiderhunter <em>Arachnothera longirostra, </em>etc. The sacred groves of northern Kerala also support two endemic bird species of the Western Ghats, such as the Malabar Grey Hornbill <em>Ocyceros griseus</em> and Rufous Babbler <em>Turdoides subrufa</em>. Five species of raptors and four owl species were reported from the sacred groves of north Kerala during the present study. The breeding of the White-bellied Sea-Eagle has been reported at Edayilakadu Kavu, a sacred grove in Kasargod District. The sacred groves of northern Kerala also supported 17 species of long distant migratory birds. Thazhe Kavu, recorded the Black-headed Ibis <em>Threskiornis melanocephalus</em>, a Near-Threatened bird according to IUCN.</p><div> </div>

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21

Irschick, Eugene F., and Dilip M. Menon. "Caste, Nationalism and Communism in South India, Malabar, 1900-1948." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 27, no. 2 (1996): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/205227.

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22

Osella, Filippo, and D. Menon. "Caste, Nationalism and Communism in South India: Malabar 1900-1948." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 1, no. 1 (March 1995): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3034264.

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23

RAVINESH, RAVEENDHIRAN, APPUKUTTANNAIR BIJU KUMAR, and ALAN J. KOHN. "Conidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) of Lakshadweep, India." Zootaxa 4441, no. 3 (June 28, 2018): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.3.

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Lakshadweep, the northernmost region of the Chagos-Maldives-Lakshadweep group of islands located southwest of the Malabar coast of India in the Arabian Sea, is the only chain of coral atolls in India. This paper documents the diversity of the molluscan family Conidae from the seas around all ten inhabited islands of Lakshadweep. Of the 78 species of cone snails now reported from Lakshadweep, 49 were recorded in this study. Three of these had not previously been reported from India, and four are newly reported from Lakshadweep. The results increase the number of Conidae species known from Lakshadweep by 10%.

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24

Cohen, Simona. "Hybridity in the Colonial Arts of South India, 16th–18th Centuries." Religions 12, no. 9 (August 26, 2021): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12090684.

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This study examines the multiplicity of styles and heterogeneity of the arts created on the southern coasts of India during the period of colonial rule. Diverging from the trajectory of numerous studies that underline biased and distorted conceptions of India promoted in European and Indian literary sources, I examine ways in which Indian cultural traditions and religious beliefs found substantial expression in visual arts that were ostensibly geared to reinforce Christian worship and colonial ideology. This investigation is divided into two parts. Following a brief overview, my initial focus will be on Indo-Portuguese polychrome woodcarvings executed by local artisans for churches in the areas of Goa and Kerala on the Malabar coast. I will then relate to Portuguese religious strategies reflected in south Indian churches, involving the destruction of Hindu temples and images and their replacement with Catholic equivalents, inadvertently contributing to the survival of indigenous beliefs and recuperation of the Hindu monuments they replaced.

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25

Kooria, Mahmood. "Does the Pagan King Reply? Malayalam Documents on the Portuguese Arrival in India." Itinerario 43, no. 3 (December 2019): 423–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115319000536.

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AbstractThis article is a response to Sebastian Prange's essay in Itinerario 41, no. 1 (2017): 151–173 wherein he presented a ‘virtually unknown manuscript’ on the Portuguese arrival in India as an Indian voice, unheard in the existing historiography. Prange had consulted the English translation of a Malayalam text by John Wye, that the former had assumed to be lost. However its original palm-leaf manuscript (ōla) is kept at the British Library. This ōla, entitled Kēraḷa Varttamānam, brings to light some remarkable omissions and a few discrepancies in Wye's translation. Closely reading different manuscripts in Malayalam, Arabic, and English I argue that this ōla is in fact a translation of a sixteenth-century Arabic text, Tuḥfat al-mujāhidīn, well known among scholars of its place and period. Taking it a step ahead, I argue that the very existence of this text points towards the cross-cultural and cross-linguistic interactions between the Arabic and Malayalam spheres of premodern Malabar. The ōla demonstrates one of the first instances of Malayalam literature's engagement with a secular and historical theme as the arrival of the Portuguese. In addition, Malayalam works such as Kēraḷōlpatti and Kēraḷa-paḻama are clear voices from Malabar on the Portuguese arrival and consequent episodes.

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26

Rudner, David West. "Religious Gifting and Inland Commerce in Seventeenth-Century South India." Journal of Asian Studies 46, no. 2 (May 1987): 361–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2056019.

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AbstractsMost accounts of South Indian commerce in the seventeenth century depend on European documents and focus on Indo-European trade along the Malabar and Coromandel coasts. This article makes use of indigenous documents to analyze the way a caste of itinerant salt traders, the Nakarattars, combined worship and commerce in the interior of Tamil-speaking South India. It focuses on Nakarattar activities in the seventeenth century before they had achieved power under their better-known name, Nattukottai Chettiars, and at a time when their commercial expansion was just getting under way and when the close association of this expansion with rituals of religious gifting was already apparent. The two main purposes of the article are to illuminate the ritual dimension of commercial activity in precolonial South India and to enrich current transactional models of the relationship between temples and small groups in South India by incorporating a mercantile perspective.

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27

Mathew, Lini K., and Jacob Thomas. "Meliola elaeocarpicola sp. nov. (Ascomycetes, Meliolales) from Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala State, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 5 (April 26, 2020): 15671–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5137.12.5.15671-15674.

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During a survey of the foliicolous fungi in the Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary in the Western Ghats region of Kerala State, India, a new black mildew fungus was collected from the leaves of Elaeocarpus sp. (Elaeocarpaceae). Microscopic examinations of the infected plants revealed that it is an undescribed species of the genus Meliola Fries, and hence, this note.

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Raj, Pushpa. "Devasahayam: The First Martyr For Jesus Christ In Travancore." Proceedings Journal of Education, Psychology and Social Science Research 1, no. 1 (November 22, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21016/icepss.14031.

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Travancore was the first and foremost among the princely states of India to receive the message of Jesus Christ. According to tradition, St. Thomas the Apostle came to India in 52 A.D. He made many conversions along the west coast of India. It had to the beginning of Christian Community in India from the early Christian era. He attained martyrdom in 72 A.D. at Calamina in St. Thomas mount, Madras. He was the first to be sacrificed for the sake of Christ in India. During the close of the second century A.D. the Gospel reached the people of southern most part of India, Travancore. Emperor Constantine deputed Theophilus to India in 354 A.D. to preach the Gospel. During this time the persecution of Christians in Persia seemed to have brought many Christian refugees to Malabar coast and after their arrival it strengthened the Christian community there. During the 4th century A.D. Thomas of Cana, a merchant from West Asia came to Malabar and converted many people. During the 6th century A.D. Theodore, a monk, visited India and reported the existence of a church and a few Christian groups at Mylapore and the monastery of St. Thomas in India. Joannes De Maringoly, Papal Legate who visited Malabar in 1348 has given evidence of the existence of a Latin Church at Quilon. Hosten noted many settlements from Karachi to Cape Comorin and from Cape Comorin to Mylapore. The Portuguese were the first European power to establish their power in India. Under the Portuguese, Christians experienced several changes in their general life and religion. Vas-co-da-gama reached Calicut on May 17, 1498. His arrival marked a new epoch in the history of Christianity in India. Many Syrian Catholics were brought into the Roman Catholic fold and made India, the most Catholic country in the East. Between 1535 to 1537 a group of Paravas were converted to Christianity by the Portuguese. In 1544 a group of fishermen were converted to Christian religion. St. Francis Xavier came to India in the year 1542. He is known as the second Apostle of India. He laid the foundation of Latin Christianity in Travancore. He could make many conversions. He is said to have baptized 30,000 people in South India. Roman Congregation of the propagation of Faith formed a Nemom Mission in 1622. The conversion of the Nairs was given much priority. As a result, several Nairs followed Christian faith particularly around Nemom about 8 k.m. south of Trivandrum. Ettuvitu pillaimars, the feudal chiefs began to persecute the Christians of the Nemom Mission. Martyr Devasahayam, belonged to the Nair community and was executed during the reign of Marthandavarma (1729-1758). It is an important chapter in the History of Christianity in South India in general, and of Travancore in particular.

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Lloyd, Nick. "Colonial Counter-insurgency in Southern India: The Malabar Rebellion, 1921–1922." Contemporary British History 29, no. 3 (November 17, 2014): 297–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13619462.2014.980725.

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Udayan, P. S., A. V. Raghu, S. Noorunisa Begum, and A. K. Pradeep. "Diospyros udaiyanii (Ebenaceae), a new species from Western Ghats, India." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 22, no. 2 (December 28, 2015): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v22i2.26069.

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Diospyros udaiyanii, a new species from Kakkayam forest of Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats of Kerala, India is described and illustrated. It is closely allied to D. pilosiusculata G. Don. in its stunted habit, smaller, glabrous leaves and large broad 4 or 5 glabrous calyx lobes with long pedicel, the absence of tomentose hairs on twigs, petiole, pedicel, calyx and leaf margin.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 22(2): 83-86, 2015 (December)

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ROBI, ALOOR JOSE, PUNNAKKAL SREEDHARAN UDAYAN, HSI-WEN LI, and JIE LI. "A new species of Litsea (Lauraceae) from Kerala part of Western Ghats, India." Phytotaxa 303, no. 3 (April 13, 2017): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.303.3.9.

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A new species of Litsea from India is described and illustrated. Litsea indoverticillata is recognized from the Malabar Wildlife sanctuary of Nilgiri phytogeographical zone of southern Western Ghats. It is distinguished from the closely related L. quinqueflora and L. verticillata by straggling shrub habit; 7–15 mm long, glabrous petiole, chartaceous and glabrous leaves, glabrous midrib; 15–24 pairs of lateral veins; solitary, glabrous, and pruinose inflorescence; greenish-white to whitish flowers.

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32

Bhaskar, Dhaneesh, P. S. Easa, and C. H. F. Rowell. "Mopla guttata (Acrididae: Catantopinae) rediscovered in the Western Ghats, Kerala, India." Journal of Orthoptera Research 29, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.35664.

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The endemic Catantopinae genus Mopla was described by Henry in 1940 from the Malabar region of South India. Henry described two species under this genus, M. guttata and M. rubra. The female type specimens of Mopla are deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, UK. There have been no further records of these two species since their description. Seventy-six years later, the first male specimen of the genus Mopla was discovered in the Western Ghats, Kerala, India, in 2016. This paper describes the specimen, thought to be of Mopla guttata, and reconsiders its systematic placement.

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SABU, THOMAS K., S. NITHYA, and K. V. VINOD. "Faunal survey, endemism and possible species loss of Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the western slopes of the moist South Western Ghats, South India." Zootaxa 2830, no. 1 (April 22, 2011): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2830.1.3.

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Species composition, distribution patterns and endemism are outlined for the dung beetles in the ecoregions of the western slopes of the moist South Western Ghats, South India. Among the 142 dung beetle species known, 35 are endemic to the Western Ghats; 29 are endemic to the moist South Western Ghats; 25 are regionally endemic to the South Western Ghats montane rain forests ecoregion; and one each to the Malabar Coast moist deciduous forest ecoregion and the South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests ecoregion. Five species, including the 3 flightless species, are local endemics to the upper montane tropical montane cloud forests. The montane rain forests ecoregion has the highest number of endemics in the moist south Western Ghats and the moist deciduous forests ecoregion and Malabar Coast moist deciduous forest ecoregion have the lowest levels of endemism. Of the 137 dung beetle species known prior to the deforestation and habitat modification of the region, only 87 have been collected recently.

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34

Singh, Rita, and P. Radha. "A new species of Cycas from the Malabar Coast, Western Ghats, India." Brittonia 58, no. 2 (April 2006): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1663/0007-196x(2006)58[119:ansocf]2.0.co;2.

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35

Kennedy, V. John, A. Augusthy, K. M. Varier, P. Magudapathy, S. Panchapakesan, C. Ramesh, K. G. M. Nair, and V. Vijayan. "PIXE analysis of trace pollutants in Chaliyar river water in Malabar, India." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 134, no. 2 (February 1998): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(98)00531-x.

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36

DAY, SURGEON F. "1. ON THE FISHES OF COCHIN, ON THE MALABAR COAST OF INDIA." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 33, no. 1 (July 6, 2010): 2–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1865.tb02299.x.

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DAY, SURGEON F. "7. ON THE FISHES OF COCHIN, ON THE MALABAR COAST OF INDIA." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 33, no. 1 (July 6, 2010): 286–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1865.tb02337.x.

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38

Haq, M. A., and Alphonsa Xavier. "Four new species of phthiracarid mites (Acari: Oribatei) from Malabar, Kerala, India." Zoos' Print Journal 20, no. 11 (October 21, 2005): 2062–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.zpj.1301.2062-71.

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39

Pootheri, Sameer, and Rosmi Mathew. "Predominance of High-Risk Babies with Hearing Loss in Malabar Region, Kerala, India." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 20 (May 17, 2021): 1598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/302.

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BACKGROUND Among all the disabilities, hearing loss is the most prevalent all over the world. It does not cause mortality but results in huge loss in one’s social, educational and economic well-being. The prevalence rate of hearing loss in India is 5 - 6 newborn infants per 1000 births. The disabled infants are identified on an average at the end of second year; by then irreversible damage would have occurred with failure to develop speech. Global screening to detect infants with hearing loss would only decrease the burden of deafness in our society. The purpose of the study is to find out the profile of the High Risk Babies with hearing loss in Malabar region in Kerala, India and determine the common high risk factors for hearing loss among the new-born infants. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted between 1 st January 2015 and 31st December 2017, wherein the new-borns of Malabar region, Kerala were screened for their hearing disorders. 45,867 new-born infants were screened by adopting High Risk Register (HRR) - A New-born screening for communication disorders developed at All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, [AIISH] Mysore which was used between 0 to 28 days. Trained medical staff collected the data as per the High Risk Register (HRR). RESULTS Among the 5728 infants with positive high risk factors 3547 (61.92 %) were male infants and the remaining 2181 (38.07 %) were female infants. Among the risk factors enlisted in the High Risk Register (HRR), premature births, low birth weight, delayed birth cry, low APGAR score and consanguinity were most common among the new-born with hearing loss in Malabar region of Kerala. The incidences of risk factors based on HRR for the three-year period showed premature births in 24.71 % of the infants, delayed birth cry in 11.22 %, low APGAR score in 06.71 %, low birth weight in 04.46 % and history of consanguinity in 03.06 %. CONCLUSIONS The overall prevalence of high risk factors among the new-born infants screened was 12.48 % which was higher than the national prevalence. The study has a bearing and relevance to new-born hearing screening in Kerala state, where this type of screening was not performed routinely in all hospitals. KEYWORDS New-born Infants, Hearing Loss, High Risk Registry, New-born Screening and Speech

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40

Yokkaichi, Yasuhiro. "The Maritime and Continental Networks of Kīsh Merchants under Mongol Rule: The Role of the Indian Ocean, Fārs and Iraq." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 62, no. 2-3 (March 18, 2019): 428–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341484.

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AbstractBased on a variety of literary and archaeological sources, notably the tariff lists produced in Rasulid Yemen, this study reconstructs the trade routes of the Kīsh merchants, demonstrating that the Persian Gulf route—between South and West India (Coromandel, Malabar, and Gujarat) and Iraq via the Persian Gulf—and the Red Sea route—between South and West India and Egypt via the Red Sea—were closely connected in the Mongol period. This not only manifests aspects of the proto-globalization in Mongol Eurasia but also argues against the supposed economic decline of post-1258 Baghdad and the economic centrality of Cairo in the post-Abbasid Muslim world.

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Pokkanali., Jahfar Shareef. "Sailing across Duniyāv: Sufi Ship–Body Symbolism from the Malabar Coast, South India." South Asian Studies 36, no. 2 (August 2, 2018): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.2018.1495872.

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42

Xavier, Alphonsa, M. A. Haq, and N. Ramani. "Description of two new species of Haplacarus (Acari: Oribatei) from Malabar, Kerala, India." Zoos' Print Journal 20, no. 8 (July 21, 2005): 1948–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.zpj.1302.1948-51.

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43

Magdalena Mironesko, Alexandra, and José Ramón Magdalena Nom de Déu. "China y el Lejano Oriente en el relato de Benjamín de Tudela (siglo XII). Realidades y fantasías." Quaderns de Filologia - Estudis Literaris 23 (December 24, 2018): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/qdfed.23.13467.

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El texto hebreo del relato de los viajes e itinerarios del rabino Benjamín de Tudela (siglo XII, circa 1165-1173) contiene interesantes y curiosos datos étnicos, geográficos, económicos y míticos relacionados con remotas latitudes orientales: las tradicionales rutas comerciales centroasiáticas, la India, Malabar, Tíbet y la China, entre otros parajes. Informaciones reales o fantásticas que acaso debió recoger y anotar el judío tudelano durante su larga estancia en Bagdad, o fruto de posteriores interpolaciones y añadidos a cargo de los copistas.

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44

Mortel, Richard T. "The Mercantile Community of Mecca during the Late Mamlūk Period." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 4, no. 1 (April 1994): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300004892.

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The town of Mecca, in the Hijaz of western Arabia, in addition to its importance as the goal of the ḥajj, or annual Muslim pilgrimage, was a commercial emporium of great importance during the Mamlūk era (A.H. 648/1250–A.H. 923/1517). Approximately eighty kilometres to the west of the Holy City lies the port ofjedda, which had been under the direct control of the Ḥasanid sharīfs of Mecca since at least the fifth/eleventh century. During Mamlūk times, Jedda was a way station of gradually increasing importance on the maritime trade route connecting the ports of the western coast of India with the Arabian Peninsula and Egypt. The merchandise around which this trade revolved consisted almost exclusively of luxury goods and small-sized but high-priced commodities, destined for the markets of Egypt, the Levant and western Europe, and included – among other goods – both cotton and silken cloth, all manners of spices, but primarily pepper from the Malabar coast of southwestern India, camphor, musk, amber, sandalwood, Indian Ocean pearls, precious and semi-precious stones, such as agates, and materia medica from the Indian subcontinent, as well as goods trans-shipped from East Asia.

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45

Bahl, Christopher D. "Transoceanic Arabic historiography: sharing the past of the sixteenth-century western Indian Ocean." Journal of Global History 15, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 203–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022820000017.

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AbstractThe early modern western Indian Ocean constituted a dynamic space of human interaction. While scholarship has mostly concentrated on trade and commerce, recent studies have shifted the focus to social and cultural mobilities. This article argues for the emergence of a transoceanic Arabic historiography during the sixteenth century, which reflected on the cultural integration of regions from Egypt, the Hijaz, and Yemen in the Red Sea region, to Gujarat, the Deccan, and Malabar in the subcontinent. Historians from the Persian cosmopolis further north observed a strong cultural connection between Arabophone communities of the western Indian Ocean region. Manuscript collections in India show that Arabic historical texts from the Red Sea region had a readership in the subcontinent. Most importantly, mobile scholars began to compose Arabic histories while receiving patronage at the western Indian courts. Scholarly mobilities fostered cultural exchanges, which increasingly built on a shared history, written, read, and circulated in Arabic during the sixteenth century

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46

Patil, Dinkarrao Amrutrao. "Hortus Indicus Malabaricus: An Enquiry Into Alien Plants:II." Plantae Scientia 4, no. 3 (June 12, 2021): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32439/ps.v4i3.163-167.

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Rheede’s Magnum Opus (1678-1693) – Horti Indici Malabarici – reflects the indigenous medical knowledge of the people of Malabar region (India) in the 17th century. It invited attention of researchers from different walks of life. It dovetailed the science of medicine and culture of indigenous people of India. The present author extended investigation on it from the standpoint of plant invasion prior to this period. This accounts sheds light on additional 32 alien plant species pertaining to 32 genera and 23 angiospermic families. As many as 20 biogeographical regions have been divulged for their floral contribution to India. The American and African continents share maximum contribution. Nearly all parts of the Old and New Worlds showed contacts with the then India. The author is inclined to state that such ancient botanical annals should be re-investigated on various grounds to disclose past biological invasion which help manage our present biodiversity.

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47

Manju, C. N., B. Prajitha, R. Prakashkumar, and W. Z. Ma. "Bryocrumia Malabarica Spec. Nova (Bryophyta, Hypnaceae), A Second Species of the Genus from the Western Ghats of India." Acta Botanica Hungarica 63, no. 1-2 (April 19, 2021): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/034.63.2021.1-2.9.

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A new species similar to Bryocrumia vivicolor, the only known species in the genus Bryocrumia, is described as Bryocrumia malabarica spec. nova from the Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary in the Western Ghats of Kerala in Peninsular India. It resembles Homalia in external appearance and was collected in a rheophytic habitat along a stream channel in the evergreen forest. The new species is characterised by closely arranged leaves with distinct tricostate, ovate-rounded to truncate leaves, upper margin of leaf rounded with fine serrations and an inconspicuous central strand in stem cross section.

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Lini, KM. "Amazonia atlantiicola sp. nov. (Ascomycetes, Meliolales) from Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala State, India." Studies in Fungi 2, no. 1 (2017): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5943/sif/2/1/2.

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Sujanapal, Puthiyapurayil, Aloor Jose Robi, and Kuttikkat Jose Dantas. "A new tuberous species of Sonerila Roxb. (Melastomataceae) from Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India." Webbia 72, no. 1 (December 20, 2016): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2016.1267432.

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50

Shokoohy, Mehrdad. "The town of Cochin and its Muslim heritage on the Malabar coast, South India." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 8, no. 3 (November 1998): 351–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300010488.

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In South India Cochin is well known for its Jewish settlement, but the rich Muslim heritage of the town has so far remained almost unknown. A reason for this anonymity lies perhaps in that the Muslim community of Cochin – unlike that of Calicut – while highly influential in the commerce of the region, kept a low profile with regard to political affairs, at least from the time of the appearance of the Portuguese. Cochin, situated at 9° 58′ N and 760° 14′ E, occupies the northern part of a long stretch of land, about half a kilometre south of the Island of Vypin (Baypin or Vypeen) and 1.5 km west of the shores of the mainland, now occupied by the modern town of Ernakulam. Between Cochin and Ernakulam is a long expanse of sheltered but navigable water, at the mouth of which is Willingdon Island, housing the modern sea port and the airport.

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