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1
Alevras, Dimitrios. "Simulating tsunamis in the Indian Ocean with real bathymetry by using a high-order triangular discontinuous Galerkin oceanic shallow water model." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/March/09Mar%5FAlevras.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography and M.S. in Applied Mathematics)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Giraldo, Francis X. ; Radko, Timour. "March 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 24, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Tsunami Simulation, Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004, Triangular Discontinuous Galerkin Method, Propagation stage, Oceanic Shallow Water Model. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-93). Also available in print.
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Banford, Alyssa J. Wickrama Thulitha. "The association between marital functioning, family closeness, and tsunami related health moderation by religiosity /." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1777.
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Letukas, Lynn Ann. "Is aid a social problem? cross-national media constructions of relief efforts following the Indian Ocean tsunami /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 79 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1674100731&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Courtney, Claire. "Reporting Death and Disaster: The Paradox beyond the Numbers." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2306.
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The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami killed over two hundred thousand people in the fifteen countries the tsunami struck. Amidst extensive media coverage, the New Zealand Herald published in excess of two hundred online articles focusing on the event and aftermath. Representations of death and the dead within these articles are often stereotypical and formulaic. Discourse analysis revealed that death and the dead are represented through both metaphorical images and abject descriptions on two distinct scales. Both the bodies and the characters of the dead are handled explicitly according to socially acceptable trends. The dead are also situated spatially with specific identities constructed and reported on. Utilising discourses from throughout the social sciences, analysis of online publications reveals the way perceptions of media consumers to death both inform and are informed by media producers.
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Nafesa, Binti Ismail. "Livelihood Changes After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster: Case Study in Banda Aceh, Indonesia." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232441.
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Heger, Martin. "The causal effects of the Indian Ocean tsunami and armed conflict on Aceh's economic development." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3402/.
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This PhD thesis investigates the causal long-term economic effects of the Indian Ocean Tsunami and the armed conflict in Aceh, Indonesia (chapters 2, 3 and 4). It also contains an analysis of land use change and the consequences for soil-organic carbon (SOC) in Eastern Panama that is unrelated to previous chapters. Chapter 2 stands at the core of my PhD thesis; it is the equivalent of a job market paper. In chapter 1, I provide an introduction to and summary of my PhD thesis. In particular, I describe why I believe that I make original contributions to knowledge that are significant and rigorous. In chapter 2, I carry out a quasi-experimental analysis investigating the causal effects of Tsunami flooding on long-term per capita economic output. The existing literature suggests that natural disasters are growth depressing in the short-term, and in the longterm, natural disasters either cause a continued shortfall of economic output, or an eventual convergence to the pre-disaster counterfactual trend. I picked the Indian Ocean Tsunami in Aceh as a case study for this PhD thesis, because I posit that if there is one case for which there is evidence that goes against the conventional wisdom, namely in the form of increased economic output in the long run, it probably is Aceh. The reason why I expect to see creative destruction is that Aceh received a windfall of aid and was the stage of the largest reconstruction effort the developing world has ever seen. I conclude that natural disasters are not necessarily the cause of output reductions and that they can be windows of opportunity for the economy. In chapter 3, I investigate the reasons behind the creative destruction, and take a closer look at different sectors and subcomponents of the economy. I examine three channels through which the Tsunami may have affected per capita economic output. First, I find that the Tsunami causally accelerated the structural transformation process, a process through which people and the economy move out of agriculture, and into more productive sectors such as services. Second, I show that the Tsunami brought with it a windfall of aid and other funds, which allowed for a building back better of physical capital and increased capital formation. Third, I show that aggregate private consumption not only was smoothed in a reaction to the Tsunami, but even boosted to sustainably higher levels, compared to the no-Tsunami counterfactual. In chapter 4, I investigate whether the 30 years long armed conflict in Aceh left any negative economic legacy effects, once the fighting stopped and the peace agreement was signed. The separatist war took a toll on the Acehnese economy. Even though the conflict has ended, did the negative economic effects also end? Aceh’s economy has higher per capita growth rates in times of peace than in times of war, which can be either a sign of a peace dividend or creative destruction from the Tsunami. But does the armed conflict leave a negative legacy for future growth rates, even after peace has officially been declared? I find that that peacetime growth rates are negatively affected by the wartime conflict intensity. Using violence data on the incidence of killings, injuries, and other ‘measurable human suffering’, I assess whether districts that were heavily affected by armed conflict grew systematically differently from those that were spared from the brunt of the violence. I find that there are severe negative economic legacy effects of violence, and the more violence occurred in a district during the separatist war, the slower it was growing during times of peace. Chapter 5, topically unrelated to the previous chapters, is looking at land use change in Eastern Panama and the consequences for soil organic carbon (SOC). In this chapter, I compare SOC concentrations of primary forests to two competing land use alternatives: Forest-to-pasture conversion for cattle grazing versus indigenous forest-to-crop conversion. I find that both land use changes reduce SOC concentrations significantly, yet the pasture land use has lower levels of SOC than indigenous crop cultivation. The soil carbon levels of secondary forests are not statistically different from primary forests, implying that the forest conversions are reversible, in terms of their impact on SOC, which suggests that allowing secondary forests to re-grow in former cultivated areas in the Eastern part of Panama holds promise for climate change mitigation. In the concluding chapter 6, I present a summary of the main findings and an outline for future research.
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Aswalap, Supaluk Joy O'Connor Brian C. "Tsunami disaster response a case analysis of the information society in Thailand /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12075.
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Matsumoto, Dan. "Characteristics of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami deposits formed upon a lagoon floor and coastal lowland." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136900.
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Monsinee, Attavanich. "A Study of Living Conditions in Post-Tsunami Houses: The Case of the Moklen Ethnic Minority in Phang Nga Province, Southern Thailand." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/217215.
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Widianti, Ezki. "The ulama in Aceh in time of conflict, tsunami and peace process an ethnographic approach /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1150410650.
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Muttarak, Raya, and Wiraporn Pothisiri. "The Role of Education on Disaster Preparedness: Case Study of 2012 Indian Ocean Earthquakes on Thailand's Andaman Coast." The Resilience Alliance, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-06101-180451.
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In this paper we investigate how well residents of the Andaman coast in Phang Nga province, Thailand, are
prepared for earthquakes and tsunami. It is hypothesized that formal education can promote disaster preparedness because
education enhances individual cognitive and learning skills, as well as access to information. A survey was conducted of 557
households in the areas that received tsunami warnings following the Indian Ocean earthquakes on 11 April 2012. Interviews
were carried out during the period of numerous aftershocks, which put residents in the region on high alert. The respondents
were asked what emergency preparedness measures they had taken following the 11 April earthquakes. Using the partial
proportional odds model, the paper investigates determinants of personal disaster preparedness measured as the number of
preparedness actions taken. Controlling for village effects, we find that formal education, measured at the individual, household,
and community levels, has a positive relationship with taking preparedness measures. For the survey group without past disaster
experience, the education level of household members is positively related to disaster preparedness. The findings also show that
disaster-related training is most effective for individuals with high educational attainment. Furthermore, living in a community
with a higher proportion of women who have at least a secondary education increases the likelihood of disaster preparedness.
In conclusion, we found that formal education can increase disaster preparedness and reduce vulnerability to natural hazards.
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Alestad, Linda, and Catrine Bergqvist. "A natural economic experiment : An analysis of the macroeconomic consequenses of the Indian Ocean tsunami in Sri Lanka." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7024.
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In this thesis we analyze the macroeconomic impact of the tsunami in 2004 on the Sri Lankan economy. The theoretical framework we use, the Australian model of a developing economy, gives direct or indirect predictions for the development of a number of variables after a natural disaster. In our case, we believe that the main reason for developments of the output variables and the exchange rate is the extraordinary large and rapid inflow of foreign aid money. In summary, we find the overall impact of the tsunami on the Sri Lankan economy to be minor.
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Leopold, Teresa Ingeborg, and n/a. "The construction of a disaster destination : rebuilding Koh Phi Phi, Thailand." University of Otago. Department of Tourism, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080430.100246.
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The popular tourist destination island of Koh Phi Phi Don, Thailand was heavily affected by the Indian Ocean Tsunami in December 2004, which resulted in a destroyed tourism infrastructure and complete downturn of tourism. Extensive recovery and rebuilding work by emerging community groups, returned locals, international volunteers and Thai government units provided an efficient but hasty reconstruction of the destination. Ethnographic research conducted in the community provided insights into the complex stakeholder interactions and their roles and influences on the reconstruction of the community.
The community�s level of vulnerability on Koh Phi Phi Don was influenced by social processes and interactions during the destination�s recovery process as the various stakeholders (e.g. government vs. locals) had differing perceptions of the island�s economic, environmental and social vulnerability. These disputes are grounded in different social time processes, particularly illustrated through land law disputes among locals, landowners and the government. Other factors which influenced the reconstruction of Koh Phi Phi as a tourist destination were pre-tsunami conditions (past overdevelopment), the empowerment of the community, the reconstructed place identity, various anniversary celebrations and the early warning system.
A model is suggested to illustrate and discuss Koh Phi Phi Don as a disaster destination, which provides insights into the dynamics which govern a destination�s post-disaster recovery period. Thus, it illustrates how stakeholder interaction is influenced by distinct understandings of the multiple notions of vulnerability. Furthermore, this study establishes essential links between disaster and tourism theories and suggests an extended tourism disaster management framework, which calls for an inclusion of post-recovery processes.
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Abayasekara, Abayasekara Wannaku Arachchige Don Rohitha. "Economic analysis of the behaviour of Sri Lankan coconut markets 1980-2012 : an econometric approach." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230076.
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This thesis explores three topics relating to price transmission in economic theory. The broad aim is to understand the price adjustment processes of the domestic and export coconut markets of Sri Lanka during the 1980 to 2012 period. The three topics investigated were the changing role of coconut oil exports due to changes in the global oil markets. Second the functioning of the domestic district coconut markets and finally the impact of the tsunami 2004 on the coastal district coconut markets. The analytical framework for the study is the economic theory of the Law of One Price. The first issue was examined using cointegration, vector error correction and impulse response methodologies. To address the function of the domestic district coconut markets at wholesale, retail and vertical levels Hansen and Seo econometric model was used. To test the effects of the tsunami on the coastal district coconut markets and to assess whether “rockets and feathers” phenomenon rose as a result of the tsunami Enders and Siklos econometric model was applied. The results confirmed that cointegration pattern of vegetable oils in the international market changed with the emergence of bio fuel around 2000. Cointegration of coconut oil with other oils also did change with the emergence of biofuel. The results of the domestic market showed that Colombo market was cointegrated with district coconut markets. . The results of market structures at all levels showed mixed results with more symmetrical markets at wholesale level and more asymmetric markets at the vertical level Results of the impact of tsunami showed that markets were disrupted unevenly with highest disruption in the vertical markets due to tsunami. The tsunami does not seem to have lead to rocket and feather phenomenon.
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Yotsui, Saki. "Fatality Modeling of Tsunami Disaster Taking into Account Geographical Factors and Demographic Components." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232442.
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Rößler, Dirk, Frank Krüger, and Matthias Ohrnberger. "Rupture propagation of recent large TsE off-coast Sumatra and Java." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1303/.
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The spatio-temporal evolution of the three recent tsunamogenic earthquakes (TsE)
off-coast N-Sumatra (Mw9.3), 28/03/2005 (Mw8.5) off-coast Nias, on 17/07/2006
(Mw7.7) off-coast Java. Start time, duration, and propagation of the rupture are
retrieved. All parameters can be obtained rapidly after recording of the first-arrival phases in near-real time processing. We exploit semblance analysis, backpropagation and broad-band seismograms within 30°-95° distance. Image enhancement is reached by stacking the semblance of arrays within different directions.
For the three events, the rupture extends over about 1150, 150, and 200km,
respectively. The events in 2004, 2005, and 2006 had source durations of at least 480s, 120s, and 180s, respectively. We observe unilateral rupture
propagation for all events except for the rupture onset and the Nias event, where there is evidence for a bilateral start of the rupture. Whereas average rupture speed of the events in 2004 and 2005 is in the order of the S-wave speed (≈2.5-3km/s), unusually slow rupturing (≈1.5 km/s) is indicated for the July 2006 event.
For the July 2006 event we find rupturing of a 200 x 100 km wide area in at least 2 phases with propagation from NW to SE. The event has some
characteristics of a circular rupture followed by unilateral faulting with
change in slip rate. Fault area and aftershock distribution coincide. Spatial and temporal resolution are frequency dependent. Studies of a Mw6.0 earthquake on 2006/09/21 and one synthetic source show a ≈1° limit in resolution.
Retrieved source area, source duration as well as peak values for semblance and
beam power generally increase with the size of the earthquake making possible an
automatic detection and classification of large and small earthquakes.
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Steinberg, Abby D. "Personal narratives : collective grief, the echoes of a disaster." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112612.
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The purpose of this thesis is to locate the experience of individuals in the shared experience of a cultural community, to reveal a collective experience. Further, this thesis aspires to demonstrate that the experience of trauma is transmitted, often silently, intergenerationally. This is an attempt to define a community of distant survivors, and to locate the echoes of the voice of trauma hidden in the narratives of its members. The study explores the events of the December 2004 Southeast Asian tsunami. At the moment of the tsunami disaster all the participants in this study, Indonesian International Students, were studying in Montreal Canada. The impetus behind this qualitative inquiry into the essential experience of trauma is the desire to bring the experience of distant survivors to the foreground; to recognize vicarious victims by listening for echoes in their narratives. The aim of this thesis is to (1) locate personal narratives in the context of collective grief, (2) detect the re-creation of that grief in subsequent generations. This project has been undertaken with the hope of determining ever more effective social work practices for today's survivors, and of sparking interest in trauma research for tomorrow's victims.
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Isfåle, Linda. "Grammatiken bakom den politiska retoriken : En syntaxstudie av före detta statssekreterare Lars Danielssons uttalanden angående sitt ansvar i regeringens hantering av tsunamikatastrofen 2004." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43634.
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In this thesis I based on Fowler’s method of syntax analysis construct a flow scheme which I then use to make a syntax analysis of former State Secretary Lars Danielsson’s statements, in his autobiography, regarding his responsibility in the Swedish government’s management of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami disaster. The focus of the flow scheme is how grammatical constructions can be used in the interest of rhetoric’s to on the syntax (non-explicit) level of the text indicate and place responsibility with or outside of involved individuals. The main conclusion of the syntax analysis performed is that Danielsson in his autobiography in fact does not use very many of the constructions described in the flow scheme, whereby it can be concluded that the syntax analysis in this case wasn’t so ”revealing”. However two complementary methods of text analysis; a metaphor analysis of the title of Danielsson’s autobiography ”In the shadow of power” and an analysis of the explicit level of the text, has revealed a conscious rhetorical argumentation regarding the question and placing of responsibility. A functional tool for syntax analysis has furthermore, regardless of the results, been constructed and is free for others to use and modify in their research.
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Aswalap, Supaluk Joy. "Tsunami disaster response: A case analysis of the information society in Thailand." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12075/.
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The December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami wrecked thousands of lives, homes, and livelihoods - losses that could have been avoided with timely and better information. A resource such as information is needed at a fundamental level much like water, food, medicine, or shelter. This dissertation examines the development of the Thai information society, in terms of the share of information workforce and the level of diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICT), as well as, the role of the Thai information society in response to the tsunami disaster. The study combined the historical and political economy analyses in explaining factors influencing the growth of information workforce and the development of ICT in Thailand. Interviews conducted in 2007-08 revealed the Thai information society responded to the 2004 Tsunami - the first global internet-mediated natural disaster - in two areas: on-site assistance in collecting and recording identification information of tsunami disaster victims and on-line dissemination of disaster relief information. The effectiveness of ICT institutions in providing the tsunami disaster relief efforts and increasing the development of the information society were assessed using statistical procedures analyzing the perceptions of the Internet-based survey respondents. The disaster effects on survey respondents were also assessed. The study's findings include: (1) the Thai information sector development pattern confirmed a key difference between development patterns of information sectors in developed and developing countries, (2) the increasing number of Thai information workers was due more to the expansion of government than the expansion in the manufacturing and service sectors during the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis, (3) Thailand's expansion of ICT infrastructure was influenced not only on the basis of economic profitability but also by political desirability, and (4) volunteers were crucial in humanitarian aid and disaster relief.
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Suryanarayan, Renuka. "U.S. Elite Newspapers' Pre- and Post-tsunami Coverage, 2003-2006: A Case Study of Sri Lanka." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1213978333.
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Sari, Siswani [Verfasser]. "The governmental and non-governmental approaches to maintain medium and long-term disaster resilience after a mega-disaster : Case study: Aceh Province, Indonesia after 2004 the Indian Ocean Tsunami / Siswani Sari." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1194464785/34.
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Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad Amin. "Sustainability in the post-disaster temporary housing management for urban areas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403845.
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Many people lose their homes every year due to natural disasters. One of the major challenges to mollify displaced persons is the provision of adequate post-disaster accommodations, temporary housing (TH) being the most common alternative. While the need for TH is dramatically increasing, this is criticized from a sustainability standpoint. Contrarily, a universal approach to temporary housing cannot successfully deal with this issue because each recovery has singular conditions.
In this context, temporary housing units (THUs) have been used to serve as an alternative residence while the permanent housing process is being completed. This model has been widely used in previous recovery programs even though several drawbacks have been reported. Nonetheless, the lack of potential of certain areas persuades decision-makers to implement THUs. In view of this contradictory panorama, it is evident that decision-makers need to be supported in selecting adequate type of THUs to reduce the negative impacts of TH when there is no other possibility.
To this end, this research presents a novel approach to determine sustainable solutions for TH in terms of economic, environmental and social requirements while integrating the stakeholders' preferences and the local conditions. This has been calibrated and validated with 5 study cases: (1) earthquakes in Turkey (1999), (2) Iran (2003), (3) Italy (2009), (4) and tsunami in Indonesia (2004), and (5) hurricane and flood in USA (2005).
The proposed approach results in four new models: (1) a conceptual model oriented to assess the sustainability of post-disaster temporary housing alternatives; (2) a model to support decision-makers in discriminating the optimal site location of temporary housing; (3) a model to determine potential area subsets that meet certain area requirements to settle the THUs; and (4) a model for choosing optimized THUs. These models are directly based on the sustainability concept integrating the three main accepted pillars (economic, environmental and social).
It should be emphasized that the MIVES method has been used throughout the research to deal with the sustainability assessment. This method permits minimizing the subjectivity in the decision-making process and relies on the value function concept.
This new general approach is meant and designed to be a decisive support for decision-making in the field of TH management.Gran quantitat de persones perden el seu habitatge cada any a causa dels desastres naturals. Un dels reptes més importants per atendre aquestes persones desplaçades és proveir-los d'allotjaments després del desastre, essent l'habitatge temporal (HT) l'alternativa més comuna. Tot i que la necessitat per HT està creixent dramàticament, aquesta solució es critica des del punt de vista de la sostenibilitat. Per contra, un enfoc universal al tema de l'habitatge temporal no pot fer front amb èxit amb aquest problema, ja que cada cas de recuperació té condicions singulars. En aquest context, les unitats d'habitatge temporal (UHTs) s'han utilitzat per a servir com a residència alternativa mentre el procés de construcció de l'habitatge permanent s'està acabant. Aquest model ha estat àmpliament utilitzat en els programes de recuperació anteriors tot i que s'han detectat diversos inconvenients. No obstant això, la manca de potencial de recuperació de certes àrees persuadeix als prenedors de decisions a implementar UHTs. A causa d'aquest contradictori panorama, és evident que els prenedors de decisions necessiten ser recolzats en la selecció adequada del tipus de UHTs per així reduir els impactes negatius dels HTs quan són la única alternativa possible. Amb aquesta finalitat, aquesta investigació presenta un nou enfoc per determinar solucions sostenibles per a HT tenint en compte requeriments econòmics, ambientals i socials; al mateix temps que integra les preferències dels actors implicats i les condicions locals singulars. Això ha estat configurat i validat amb 5 casos d'estudi : (1) terratrèmols a Turquia (1999), (2) Iran (2003), (3) Itàlia (2009), (4) i tsunami a Indonèsia (2004), i (5) huracans i inundacions a EUA (2005). L'enfoc proposat resulta en quatre nous models: (1) un model conceptual orientat a avaluar la sostenibilitat de les alternatives d'habitatge temporal després d'un desastre; (2) un model per donar suport a la presa de decisions en la discriminació de la ubicació del lloc òptim d'allotjament temporal; (3) un model per a determinar subconjunts d'àrees amb potencial que compleixen amb certs requisits de superfície on allotjar UHTs; i (4) un model per a l'elecció d'UHTs optimitzats. Aquests quatre models es basen directament en el concepte de sostenibilitat que integra els tres principals pilars reconeguts (econòmic, ambiental i social). Cal fer èmfasi en que el mètode MIVES s'ha utilitzat durant tota la investigació per a dur a terme l'avaluació de la sostenibilitat. Aquest mètode permet reduir al mínim la subjectivitat en el procés de presa de decisions i es basa en el concepte de funció de valor. Aquest nou enfocament general està destinat i dissenyat a ser un suport decisiu per a la presa de decisions en l'àmbit de la gestió d'HT.
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van, der Vlist Joanne. "When a natural disaster occurs during a conflict – Catalyst or obstacle for peace? : A comparative case study of the insurgency in Aceh, Indonesia and the Sri Lankan civil war in relation to the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414202.
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Superficial information of the civil wars in Aceh, Indonesia and Sri Lanka creates the idea that both conflicts were in similar situations when they were hit by the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004. It thus seems surprising that in the wake of the tsunami, the Free Aceh Movement and the Government of Indonesia signed a peace agreement, while the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam and the Government of Sri Lanka returned to war. This thesis aims to explore what factors related to the tsunami contributed to this difference and whether rational choice theory can serve as an explanation for this difference. In order to find out, I conducted a qualitative comparative case study though the analysis of secondary documents. The results suggest that the factors that contributed to the difference can be divided into four broad themes: (1) the timing of the tsunami and thus the pre-disaster context; (2) the geographical situation and with that, the military impact; (3) the types of guerilla groups, including their abilities to rule, their access to financial capital and their strategic; (4) the role of the international community, which can be further divided into firstly, the geopolitical relevance of these countries, and secondly, internationalization, community engagement and separating the tsunami and conflict. I believe that rational choice theory explains the difference in outcome between the two conflicts very well. This theory assumes that people, given the circumstances, and in view of all the possible options, will act in line with the option that is expected to satisfy them most and minimize their losses. Applying this theory to the case studies of Aceh and Sri Lanka following the tsunami, it was appealing for the Free Aceh Movement to settle, but this was not the case for the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. As a result, the former chose to sign a peace agreement with the Government of Indonesia, whereas the latter chose to continue its fight against the Government of Sri Lanka.
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Hyrapiet, Shireen. "Emergent phenomena in India after the Indian Ocean tsunami." 2006. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-1824.pdf.
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Wang, Chun Yuan, and 王俊元. "Rational choice, social capital, and global cooperation in disaster reduction: A Case study on Indian ocean tsunami warning system (IOTWS)." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03778950554695400158.
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博士國立政治大學
公共行政研究所
96
Writing on the issue of global environmental security, the World Bank has noted that approximately “25 million square kilometers (about 19 percent of the Earth’s land area) and 3.4 billion people (more than half of the world’s population) are relatively highly exposed to at least one hazard.” With the coming of the globalization era, we .also live in a shared risk society. Since global environmental security is seen as a global public good, how to act for global crisis management under the logic of collective action has become a primary subject for global actors. Coping with the crises of SARS or Bird Flu through international cooperation has become a significant issue for these global actors. One of the main dilemmas of international cooperation for disaster reduction is the reconciliation of different individual actions. Interestingly, in spite of two decades efforts of international cooperation, the amount of damage caused by natural disasters and the total number if people affected have gradually increased since the 1960s. This research focuses on two questions in the present research: why do global actors cooperate in disaster reduction, and how does this cooperation operate? The frameworks of international cooperation in disaster reduction, rational choice and global social capital are employed here, to explore the issue of international cooperation. Several factors, such as awareness of risk, capacity, preferences, institutional constraints, information, credible commitment, and trust, are used to examine how an actor engages in decision-making and how cooperation occurs. Because of the tremendous damage that resulted from the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 and the engagement of the global society in disaster recovery and reduction, the above issues will be explored through a case study of the development of the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System (IOTWS). Twenty-two interviews were conducted in four countries and these constitute the qualitative data for this analysis. 591 questionnaires also have been sent to the participants in the IOTWS to collect the quantitative data. I analyzed the quantitative data from 59 returned questionnaires (10.32% returning rate) and the qualitative data from 22 interviewees in four countries. These analyses resulted in several suggestions to facilitate international cooperation for disaster reduction.
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Eriksson, Lina M. "Natural Disasters and National Election : On the 2004 Indian Ocean Boxing Day Tsunami, the 2005 Storm Gudrun and the 2006 Historic Regime Shift." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314534.
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The 2006 Swedish parliamentary election was a historic election with the largest bloc transfer of voters in Swedish history. The 2002-2006 incumbent Social Democratic Party (S) received its lowest voter support since 1914 as roughly 150,000, or 8%, of the 2002 S voters went to the main opposition, the conservative Moderate Party (M). This became the most decisive factor in ousting S from power after 12 years of rule. As a result, the M-led Alliance (A) with the People's Party (FP), the Center Party (C), and the Christian Democrats (KD) won the election. Natural Disasters and National Election makes the novel contribution of proposing two natural disasters, the Indian Ocean’s 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami and 2005 Storm Gudrun (Erwin), which struck only two weeks following the tsunami, as major events that impacted government popularity in the 2006 election and contributed to the redistribution of voter support, within and across party-blocs. The core findings from this thesis show that the S government’s poor crisis response to Gudrun, which is the hitherto most costly natural disaster in Swedish history, alone has an estimated effect of a magnitude that likely contributed to the 2006 historic regime shift, while the tsunami also seems to have mattered. The tsunami is particularly interesting, as S’s poor international crisis response to the event constitutes the first natural disaster situation to knowingly have affected an election on the other side of the planet. Moreover, to some degree voters recognized the active opposition by C as effective representation and rewarded the party for its strong stance on the poor handling of both events by S. In fact, the active voice of C concerning these disasters likely helped move the party from the periphery of party politics to becoming the third-largest party in Swedish politics. In sum, this research investigates accountability and effective party representation via retrospective voting, which is an essential mechanism for the legitimacy of democracy. Findings suggest that the average Swedish voter indeed may be voting retrospectively to hold publically elected officials accountable, which suggest a healthy status of the retrospective voting mechanism and Swedish democracy.
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Courtney, Claire E. "Reporting death and disaster the paradox beyond the numbers /." 2007. http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20070823.152722/index.html.
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Fernando, Nishara [Verfasser]. "Forced relocation after the Indian Ocean tsunami, 2004 : case study of vulnerable populations in three relocation settlements in Galle, Sri Lanka / vorgelegt von Nishara Fernando." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1004859406/34.
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Main, Michiru Alexa. "Ecological and social response of the coral reefs of Mu Koh Surin Marine National Park, Thailand, and Phuket's diving industry to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/291.
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The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami created a catastrophic disturbance at several scales along the entire Andaman Sea coast. As the first large-scale tsunami occurring in recent history, this event provided a unique opportunity to use modern instrumentation and in situ observation to study tsunami dynamics and effects on coastal systems. Along Thailand’s coast, consequences of this disturbance were highly variable in space and time, with pronounced changes to certain coral reefs and human communities. This thesis outlines two case study-based research projects designed to gain some understanding of the ecological and social dynamics of the tsunami in Thailand. From a Geographical perspective, responses to this massive disturbance may support an incentive-based direction for marine conservation in Thailand.
The first project occurred within Mu Koh Surin Marine National Park, Thailand. Variability in the physical response of fringing hard coral reefs to the tsunami was examined using SCUBA surveys. Patterns in variability were distinct from typical hard coral responses during tropical storms suggesting differences in the nature of these hydrodynamic disturbances. Coral colony morphologies and reef shape mainly did not influence variability in tsunami response; however, unique effects were observed on reef slopes over 45°. There was no detected influence of reef depth. Variability in effects based on the spatial location of reefs was observed: proximity to bathymetrical constrictions accounted for substantial variability, while reef aspect did not. Overall, just over 10% of sampled reef area was affected, with evidence of rapid coral recovery in the form of tissue re-growth and apical skeletal growth within four months of the event at most sites.
The second project explored the effects of the tsunami on Phuket’s diving industry. The response of industry members and recreational divers to tsunami effects was examined using interviews and questionnaires as well as observational dives with dive guides and clients on chartered trips during the 2004-5 post-tsunami diving season.
A short-term reduction in the number of diving companies and diving tourism in Phuket was observed immediately following the tsunami; this can be attributed to terrestrial damage and trip cancellations. Although there were expectations for high levels of dive site damage, most recreational divers did not perceive any damage on dive sites in 2005 – even while diving on surveyed sites with as much as 76-100% of reef area reportedly affected. This low rate of perception may be partially explained by diving ability, but was more likely due to site variability and variability in tsunami response within dive sites allowing guides to preferentially avoid acutely damaged areas.
During the post-tsunami low tourism period, industry members contributed substantial resources to rescue, relief and restoration efforts along Thailand’s Andaman Sea Coast. Industry members also participated in several government and university-led tsunami monitoring and rehabilitation efforts. While measurable changes to Phuket’s diving industry seem to have been short-term, this response of industry members to the event may have increased potential for long-term collaboration with government and universities. Enhanced communication among these parties could facilitate future incentive-driven industry contributions toward marine conservation in Thailand.
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Setiawan, Dorita. "International aid’s role in Indonesia’s social work professionalization process: a narrative analysis." Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8VX0G37.
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A massive tsunami hit Aceh in December 26, 2004. It was one of the biggest natural disasters of the century. The tsunami’s unprecedented destruction of the area attracted the biggest influx ever of international aid and highlighted the nearly non-existent social service system at local levels. The abundance of international aid served as an impetus for the Indonesian government to review their social service system. This is the first time that resources from international aid in Indonesia were allocated for professionalization of social workers.
This dissertation utilizes a qualitative narrative analysis to explore the questions: How do Indonesian social workers understand and express their experience of the social work professionalization process post-2004 tsunami? How do they interpret the process of professionalization? How do the systems available influence their professional interpretation of the experience and affect their strategies to gain public recognition and resources to claim professional jurisdiction in a society? Interviews were conducted of fifteen Indonesian social workers who were involved in the 2004 tsunami recovery efforts and are still active in the social work professionalization efforts today. The findings show that the international aid and 2004 tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia was the impetus for professionalization of social work in Indonesia. This study explores how Indonesian social workers understand and interpret their experience during the tsunami 2004 recovery efforts using Abbott’s system of professions concepts to frame the professionalization process as impacted by international aid during the 2004 tsunami. The findings revolve around formal public recognition, community sanction and a systematic knowledge base in Indonesia’s social work professionalization process.