Relevant bibliographies by topics / India-Pakistan War

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'India-Pakistan War'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "India-Pakistan War"

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Makeig, Douglas C. "War, No-War, and the India-Pakistan Negotiating Process." Pacific Affairs 60, no. 2 (1987): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2758135.

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Evans, Alexander. "India, Pakistan, and the Prospect of War." Current History 101, no. 654 (April 1, 2002): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2002.101.654.160.

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Mehsud, Muhammad Imran, Azam Jan, and Tariq Anwar Khan. "War or Peace on the Rivers of South Asia?" Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 4, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 242–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.1.21.

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The renowned water expert, John Briscoe, predicted a bleak future for India-Pakistan water relations across the Indus attributing it to Pakistan’s downstream anxieties vis-à-vis upstream regional hegemon-India. Do the other co-riparian states of India share the same bleak future across the South Asian rivers of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna or are the water relations across these rivers peaceful as compared to the Indus? To answer this question, this study first explores India-Pakistan water disputes on the Indus and then analyses India-Bangladesh water disputes on the Ganges and Brahmaputra, India-Nepal, India-Bhutan, and Pakistan-Afghanistan water relations. The methodology adopted for this study is descriptive, historical, and analytical in its nature. The study concludes that India has not only failed to adopt a conciliatory approach towards Pakistan on the Indus but has generated mistrust amongst other neighbouring countries over water sharing due to its hegemonic hydro-behaviour. It recommends that India should adopt a conciliatory approach to have peaceful relations across the rivers of South Asia.
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Chun, Kwang-ho. "After the Kargil War : Avoiding a Fifth India-Pakistan War." Journal of Peace Studies 17, no. 6 (December 31, 2016): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14363/kaps.2016.17.6.73.

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Banbhan, Ashfaque Ali, Hussain Abbas, and Farooque Ahmed Leghari. "Preparing for the Future War: India and Pakistan's Changing Military Doctrines." Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review V, no. III (September 30, 2020): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2020(v-iii).06.

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India and Pakistan have been changing their military doctrines at a faster pace. Indians had been since long focused on the policy of preparing them to fight a full-fledged conventional war against Pakistan. It was the nuclearization of Pakistan that forced them to bring change into Indian military doctrine and focus on a limited war than a full-fledged one. This Indian military tilt pressurized Pakistan to fill the gap at the tactical by introducing low yield nuclear weapons in its arsenal. Furthermore, Indians being restricted to initiate limited war against Pakistan opted for the options of surgical strike and, when failed to gain the desired efforts against Pakistan, opted for airstrikes in 2019, which resulted in a severe crisis. There is still a lot to come in future and bring further changes into the military doctrines of the two countries. This qualitative research gives a detailed discussion on the changing military doctrine of India and Pakistan, adding the views of expert informants.
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Mokhtar, Shehram. "Reading war photographs: the 1971 India–Pakistan war in the Anglo-American press." Visual Communication 19, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470357219838602.

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This article examines photographs of the 1971 India–Pakistan war published in the Anglo-American newspapers: The New York Times and The Times (London) and magazines: Life, Newsweek, Time, and The Economist. The images projected the war as a spectacle and predominantly used photographic conventions associated with non-journalistic images. The photographs showcased a rather frank representation of the 1971 war, displaying images of failed military operations, dead or injured soldiers, POWs, and revenge killings. However, some of these candid documentary war photographs offer archival value in that they challenge and complicate historical amnesia and partial accounts of the war and conflict in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
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Keeryo, Zulfiqar Ali, Jazib Mumtaz, and Allah Bux Lakhan. "US-China Trade War and its Impact on Pakistan Exports." Global Economics Review V, no. III (September 30, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2020(v-iii).01.

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This research study attempts to explore the effect of a trade war between the United States of America and China on Pakistan and other regional countries exports to the United States of America. The difference-in-difference methodology used to obtain the coefficients of each country to estimate the change in exports to the US from China, India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. The empirical results indicate that due to the imposition of US tariffs, China�s exports to the US reduced by 39%, whereas Pakistan�s exports to the US lowered by 3%. India and Bangladesh, on the other hand, gains from the trade war with India�s exports increased by 39% and Bangladesh�s exports increased by 50%. Therefore, it can conclude that the US-China trade war does not bring positivity to overall Pakistan�s trade position.
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Jha, Nalini Kant. "India and Pakistan: Prospects of War and Peace." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 58, no. 2 (April 2002): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492840205800204.

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Leghari, Farooq Ahmed, Irfan Hasnain Qaisrani, and Shaukat. "Pakistan's Low Yield Nuclear Weapons and Indian Option of Limited War." Global Political Review V, no. I (March 30, 2020): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(v-i).37.

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Since the publication of the Cold Start Doctrine by India in 2004, India had been preparing for launching a limited war against Pakistan. In the face of an Indian threat of limited war, Pakistan had no other option but to go for the manufacture of low yield nuclear weapons. With the introduction of the low yield nuclear weapons by Pakistan with an official announcement in 2015, Pakistan had been able to contain Indians from pursuing the path of limited war against it. This paper has looked into the role Pakistan's low yield nuclear weapons in dealing with the threat of limited conventional war under the Indian Cold Start Doctrine. Firstly, it has explored three Indo-Pak crises with limited war dimensions, which occurred subsequently in 2008, 2016 and 2019 and brought a fear of limited war on Pakistan's side. Secondly, it has explained the changing military doctrines of India and Pakistan and further highlighted the gap which led to the emergence of India's Cold Start Doctrine and Pakistan's low yield nuclear weapons. Third, it has looked at the role of Pakistan's low yield nuclear weapons in creating a roadblock in the Indian Cold Start Doctrine. Finally, it has given a discussion and summary.
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Ishaque, Waseem. "UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS SOUTH ASIA; ANALYZING IMPLICATIONS FOR PAKISTAN." Global Political Review V, no. III (September 30, 2020): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(v-iii).03.

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The US foreign policy for South Asia has generally remained zero-sum for India and Pakistan. While Pakistan joined US camp immediately after independence and during the period of cold war remained part of the US alliance system and frontline state in the defeat of communism and now War on Terrorism. On the contrary, the US adopted a different approach towards India in terms of strategic partnership and different nuclear-related cooperation. US National Security Strategy of January 2018 has reprioritized national security preferences where India has been granted great status as a potential competitor of China and Pakistan has been marginalized to terrorist-related issues. The US foreign policy in its current form is perceived to be a destabilizing factor as it gives leverage to India at the cost of Pakistan. This article unveils the cardinal aspects of US foreign policy towards South Asia and its potential implications of Pakistan.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "India-Pakistan War"

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Smith, Stephen A. "Assessing the risk of inadvertent nuclear war between India and Pakistan." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FSmith%5FStephen.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2002.
Thesis advisor(s): Peter R. Lavoy, Surinder Rana. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-92). Also available online.
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Dawson, P. "The United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) 1948-1965 : With a postscript on the impact on UNMOGIP of the Indo-Pakistan war of 1971." Thesis, Keele University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379633.

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Atre, Sagar. "U.S. Media Framing of the Indo-Pakistan War of 1999: Religious Framing in anInternational Conflict?" Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1366198802.

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Dominguez, Edgar M. "Modernization of the Indian Air Force : security implications for South Asia /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FDominguez.pdf.

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Hoekstra, Tijmen. "In Search of a Posture of Peace : Nuclear deterrence and the possibility of a Non-Offensive Defence with examples of India, Pakistan and Kazakhstan." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45436.

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This thesis takes the initial steps to find what it calls a ‘posture of peace’, a counterpart to what Hobbes refers to as a posture of war (Hobbes 1651/2004: 79)1. A posture of war representsdefensive initiatives that can be interpreted by others as a certain preparation for conflict, and its base definition is used as a template to formulate an initial version of a posture of peace2.While keeping this concept as an overarching theme throughout the thesis explores the concepts of nuclear posture and a credible minimum deterrence (CMD) through the examples of India and Pakistan. While the thesis discusses four different nuclear postures, there really are only two categories, namely the pro-nuclear and anti-nuclear posture. The main examples of pronuclear posture used here is the case of India and Pakistan, two geographical neighbouring Nuclear Weapon States (NWS) who have been experiencing ongoing frictions and conflicts since (and prior to) becoming nuclear powers. On the other side Kazakhstan serves as an example of an anti-nuclear posture and in regards to the nuclear debate a possible empirical example of a posture of peace. In addition to these postures there is also the concept of NonOffensive Defence (NOD), which is more exemplified in the Kazakhstan’s approach to their nuclear situation as well as their more contemporary initiative in collaboration with several other neighbouring states to form the Central Asia Nuclear Weapons Free Zone (CANWFZ). The thesis concludes that while NOD finds little support in pro-nuclear posturing, there is ample space for it over on the ani-nuclear posture side of the spectrum which in addition aligns more with the present interpretation of a posture of peace. Moreover, the CANWFZ initiative appears to be as close a perfect example of a NOD in the present case and as close as this stage of the research will come to observing a posture of peace.
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Safi, Maryam. ""WE ARE FIGHTING A WATER WAR" : The Character of the Upstream States and Post-Treaty Transboundary Water Conflict in Afghanistan and India." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445404.

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Transboundary water treaties are often expected to prevent conflicts over waters from shared rivers. However, empirical evidence shows that some upstream countries continue to experience conflict after signing a water treaty. This study explains why some upstream countries experience high post-treaty transboundary water conflict levels while others do not. Departing from theories on the character of states, I argue that weaker upstream countries are more likely to experience post-treaty transboundary water conflict than stronger upstream states. This is because a weak upstream state has fewer capabilities, which creates an imbalance of power with its downstream riparian neighbor and presents a zero-sum game condition. As a result, the upstream state is more likely to experience a high level of conflict after signing an agreement. The hypothesis is tested on two transboundary river cases, the Helmand River Basin and the Indus River Basin, using a structured, focused comparison method. The data is collected through secondary sources, including books, journals, news articles, and reports, government records. The results of the study mainly support the theoretical arguments. It shows a significant relationship between the character of the upstream state and the level of post-treaty transboundary water conflict in the upstream state.
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Taneja, Sehr. "Making Policy on the Front Page: How the National Media Shape Indian Foreign Policy Toward Pakistan." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/197.

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This thesis explains how national media shape Indian foreign policy toward Pakistan. I use empirical research to explore the contribution of national media to the formulation of policy during the 1999 Kargil War and 2001 Agra Summit between India and Pakistan. I created a database of news articles in the leading national English newspapers—The Times of India and Hindustan Times and then coded and analyzed them. I analyze the media’s role by identifying trends in media strategies such as framing, agenda setting, and manufacturing consent. In addition, I analyze government documents and parliamentary debates to gather information on the policy processes and on government- media relations. I suggest that the media’s role in shaping policy depends on the level of internal dissent, understood as disagreement between the government and the opposition parties. I argue that national dissent allows the media to emerge as an independent actor, influencing the formulation of foreign policy by presenting their own opinions and policy suggestions. This was the case during the Agra Summit. On the other hand, as seen in the case of the Kargil War, during times of national consensus, the media echo the government’s voice and garner public support for the government’s actions. As such, this thesis contributes to existing scholarship and primary fieldwork by providing an original analysis of the intersection of media and foreign policy.
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Husain, Samir. "Madrassas: The Evolution (or Devolution?) of the Islamic Schools in South Asia (1857-Present)." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1525347741957091.

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Mahmood, Tariq. "The Durand Line : South Asia's new trouble spot /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FMahmood.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005.
Thesis Advisor(s): Peter R. Lavoy, Feroz Hassan Khan. Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-104). Also available online.
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Mička, Dalibor. "Historicko-politické faktory ovlivňující vztahy mezi Indií a Čínou." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114236.

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The objective of this thesis is to provide the reader with an overview of the most important factors that have influenced the development of the India-China relations. The oldest period of mutual interaction is treated, as well as the most important Sino-Indian disputes and their impact on mutual relations. Attention is also drawn to the contemporary development in the Sino-Indian relations, marked by both lingering problems and attempts at cooperation.
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Books on the topic "India-Pakistan War"

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Dixit, J. N. India-Pakistan in war & peace. New Delhi: Books Today, 2002.

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Sagar, Krishna Chandra. The war of the twins. New Delhi: Northern Book Centre, 1997.

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Indo-Pakistan war-1965, a flash-back. 2nd ed. Rawalpindi: I.S.P.R. Publication, 2002.

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Relations, Pakistan Inter-Services Public. Indo-Pakistan war-1965, a flash-back. 2nd ed. Rawalpindi: I.S.P.R. Publication, 2002.

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author, Shergill Tajendar, ed. The monsoon war: Young officers reminisce : 1965 India-Pakistan War. New Delhi, India: Lustre Press, Roli Books, 2015.

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Missed opportunities Indo-Pak war 1965. 2nd ed. Dehradun: Natraj Publishers, 2005.

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Lehl, Lachhman Singh. Missed opportunities Indo-Pak war 1965. Dehra Dun: Natraj Publishers, 1997.

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The origins of war in South Asia: Indo-Pakistani conflicts since 1947. Boulder: Westview Press, 1986.

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Ganguly, Sumit. The origins of war in South Asia: The Indo-Pakistani conflicts since 1947. 2nd ed. Boulder: Westview Press, 1994.

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Kohli, S. N. We dared: Maritime operations in the 1971 Indo-Pak war. London: Sangam, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "India-Pakistan War"

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Wheeler, Michael O. "What Was Done to Achieve Strategic Stability during the Cold War? Lessons for South Asia?" In The India-Pakistan Military Standoff, 99–125. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230118768_5.

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Mohanty, Nirode. "The Cold War and Strategic Partners: 1947–1971." In America, Pakistan, and the India Factor, 23–49. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137323873_2.

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Swami, Praveen. "The Roots of Crisis—Post-Kargil Conflict in Kashmir and the 2001–2002 Near-War." In The India-Pakistan Military Standoff, 19–52. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230118768_2.

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Chaudhuri, Rudra. "‘Just another border incident’: The Rann of Kutch and the 1965 India–Pakistan War." In War and Peace in Contemporary India, 86–108. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003231998-5.

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Batabyal, Guru Saday. "Politico-military strategy of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh government in exile." In Politico-Military Strategy of the Bangladesh Liberation War, 1971, 76–100. London ; New York, NY : Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.: Routledge India, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429317644-5.

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Indurthy, Rathnam. "India–Pakistan wars and the Kashmir crisis." In India–Pakistan Wars and the Kashmir Crisis, 1–65. Title: India-Pakistan wars and the Kashmir crisis / Rathnam Indurthy. Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429198854-1.

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"2. The First Indo-Pakistani War." In India and Pakistan, 18–28. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520948006-005.

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"3. The Second Indo-Pakistani War." In India and Pakistan, 29–36. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520948006-006.

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"India and Pakistan." In The Bush Doctrine and the War on Terrorism, 103–17. Routledge, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203028162-14.

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"7. Pakistan’s Proxy War and Kashmir’s Azaadi Revolution." In India and Pakistan, 63–70. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520948006-010.

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Conference papers on the topic "India-Pakistan War"

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Khattak, Ikhlaq, and Mirza Jamil Yousaf. "Design of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Autorickshaw." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97249.

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In Asia there are less private cars, but there is a high proportion of 2-stroke engines in scooters, motorcycles, auto-rickshaws (Tuk-Tuks), all running on petrol-oil mixtures with levels of hydrocarbon emissions (from partially burnt fuel and oil) well in excess of levels permitted in the USA and Europe. Worldwide Rickshaw/scooter/motorcycle type engine production is estimated at 17 million per year. According to National Transport Research Center (NTRC), the total population of registered (all types) motor vehicles in Pakistan in year 2000 was 4.224 million, out of which more than half of the population is (2.206 million) two wheelers or three wheelers (motorcycle/scooter/auto rickshaw). Almost all auto rickshaws have two stroke power packs and also 60% of motorcycle/scooters are of the same category. Pakistan is a very densely populated developing country, with very loose environment protection rules, which are practically unregulated due to large financial implications. This scenario leads to adverse air quality conditions especially in large cities of the country where the main contributory factors are vehicular traffic, that too, two stroke vehicles Industry, diesel-powered vehicles, and the omnipresent three-wheeled, two-stroke rickshaws all contribute to the extremely dirty air. Taxi/car use is increasing, but rickshaws have the advantage of being able to swarm through the congested car traffic in cities. This explains the over .6 million motorcycles/scooters/rickshaws currently in Pakistan, of which approximately 20% are two stroke Auto-rickshaws of 175 cc. Pakistan’s vehicle fleet has a growth rate of 8.0% (1990–99). The purpose of this study is to examine a particular application of fuel cell technology “The Auto Rickshaws”. They are small three-wheeled vehicles that can carry three people. Due to their small size and low price, rickshaws have traditionally been powered by high power density two-stroke internal combustion engines. Two-stroke engines produce a great deal of pollution and are an object of concern in many Asian countries. Severe pollution from two-stroke engines is a significant driver for cleaner technology. Thus, the target of this study is the Asian urban commuter, since a rickshaw is largely used in many Asian cities and contributes directly to air pollution in major crowded cities of Pakistan also. Countries like China, India, Bangladesh, Taiwan and Pakistan [1] are facing dramatic growth rates in two-stroke vehicle population as bicycle rickshaws are being replaced, so, low-powered but clean rickshaws would be a major step in providing mobility without compromising urban air quality.
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Vilaplana Prieto, Cristina. "Teaching experience: Inequalities in prices of drugs to fight against COVID-19." In Seventh International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head21.2021.12549.

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As the Sars-CoV2 pandemic continues to grow, researchers around the world are urgently seeking new treatments to prevent infection, cure those infected, or lessen the severity of the disease. Although there are several recently approved vaccines, clinical trials are underway to "re-use" drugs normally indicated for other diseases. This teaching experience studies the market for 8 pharmaceutical products used to fight the pandemic (remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, sofosbuvir, pyrfenidone and tocilizumab) in 13 countries (Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, France, India, Malaysia, Pakistan, South Africa, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom and United States). Through the analysis of prices and costs, we reflect on the difficulty of access to treatment according to the country.The objective is to deepen knowledge of the pharmaceutical market: (i) to demonstrate in a tangible way the differences between production costs and final prices of medicines, (ii) to perceive the difficulty of access to certain treatments depending on the country, (iii) to reflect on what initiatives should be implemented in an international emergency context such as the one we are experiencing.
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Kunhipurayil, Hasna, Muna Ahmed, and Gheyath Nasrallah. "West Nile Virus Seroprevalence among Qatari and Immigrant Populations within Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0197.

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Background: West Nile virus (WNV) is one of the most widely spread arboviruses worldwide and a highly significant pathogen in humans and animals. Despite frequent outbreaks and endemic transmission being reported in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), seroprevalence studies of WNV in Qatar are highly lacking. Aim: This study aims to investigate the actual prevalence of WNV among local and expatriate communities in the Qatar using a large sample size of seemingly healthy donors. Method: A total of 1992 serum samples were collected from donors of age 18 or older and were tested for the presence of WNV antibodies. Serion enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) commercial microplate kits were used to detect the presence of the WNV IgM and IgG. The seropositivity was statistically analyzed using SPSS software with a confidence interval of 95%. Results: The seroprevalence of anti-WNV IgG and IgM in Qatar was 10.3% and 3.4%, respectively. The country-specific seroprevalence according to nationality for WNV IgG and IgM, respectively, were Sudan (37.0%, 10.0%), Egypt (31.6%, 4.4%), India (13.4%, 3.2%), Yemen(10.2%, 7.0%), Pakistan (8.6%, 2.7%), Iran (10.6%, 0.0%), Philippines (5.4%, 0.0%), Jordan(6.8%, 1.1%), Syria (2.6%, 9.6%), Palestine (2.6%, 0.6%), Qatar (1.6%, 1.7%), and Lebanon (0.9%, 0.0%). The prevalence of both IgM and IgG was significantly correlated with the nationality (p≤0.001). Conclusion: Among these tested nationalities, Qatar national has a relatively low burden of WNV disease. The highest prevalence of WNV was found in the Sub Saharan African nationalities like Sudan and Egypt. The seroprevalence of WNV is different from the previously reported arboviruses such as CHIKV and DENV, which was highest among Asian countries (India and Philippines). Further confirmatory tests such as viral neutralization assays are needed to confirm the IgM seropositivity in these samples since these samples could be a source of viral transmission through blood donation.
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Gupta, Ishita, Ayesha Jabeen, Maria K. Smatti, Hamda A. Al-Thawadi, Gheyath K. Nasrallah, Ali A. Sultan, Moussa Al-Khalaf, Semir Vranic, and Ala-Eddin Al-Moustafa. "Co-Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus and Epstein Barr Virus in Healthy Blood Donors in Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0120.

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Introduction: Infections with human oncoviruses such as high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are globally prevalent in the adult population. Both viruses are strongly associated with several types of human carcinomas such as cervical, head and neck, nasopharyngeal and gastric. In the present study, we explored the prevalence of these two oncoviruses in the healthy population of Qatar. Methods: The study included 385 healthy blood donors that reflect diverse nationalities in the Qatari community (Qatar, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Pakistan, and India). DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood and genotyping was done using PCR and nested-PCR targeting E6 and E7 as well as LMP1 genes of HPVs and EBV, respectively. Results: The age of participants (378 males and 7 females) ranged between 19 and 68 years (mean 37.12 ± 9.3 years). Our data indicate that 55% and 61% of the tested samples were HPVs and EBV positive, respectively. Moreover, we found that there was (40%) co-presence of both HPVs and EBV in our samples. The most common high-risk HPV types in Qatar included HPV 59 (55%), 31 (54%), 52 (49%), 51 (49%), 58 (47%) and 35 (46%). While, HPV 16 and 18 were detected in 38% and 36% of the samples, respectively. Notably, all samples showed multiple HPVs infections. Conclusion: Our study reveals for the first time a high prevalence of both EBV and HPVs among healthy individuals in Qatar. More significantly, most cases had multiple HPV types infection in addition to the co-presence of both viruses in a substantial proportion of the samples. Given the important possible cooperative role of these viruses in human carcinogenesis, preventive measures using available and upcoming vaccines are of paramount importance.
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Reports on the topic "India-Pakistan War"

1

TAHIR-KHELI, SHIRIN, and KENT L. BIRINGER. Cooperative Monitoring Center Occasional Paper/17: Preventing Another India-Pakistan War: Enhancing Stability Along the Border. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/780767.

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