Journal articles: 'Indian agents'

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Raman, M. Utaman, and Sivachandralingam Sundara Raja. "Indian Agent Involvement in the Establishment of Permanent Settlement for the South Indian Labouring Community, 1923–1941." Kajian Malaysia 39, no. 2 (October 29, 2021): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/km2021.39.2.5.

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This article investigates a long-neglected aspect of Indian Malaysian history, namely the Indian Agents of the Government of India to British Malaya. The Indian Agents were representatives of the Indian Government who were appointed under the Indian Immigration Act of 1922 to investigate and report on the state of affairs of Indian communities in the British colonies. The official duties of the Indian Agents in British Malaya were formalised under Section 73 (III) of the Labour Code 1923. Between 1923 and 1941, six Indian Agents were appointed in British Malaya. Throughout their tenure, they focused on and reported extensively on the socioeconomic conditions of the Indian working-class community, particularly south Indian labourers. One problem that came to their attention was the underdevelopment of the community’s permanent settlement in the country. The Federated Malay States (FMS) government did not appear to be concerned about the situation. Similarly, private estate managers reacted indifferently to the issue. Both saw permanent settlement as simply an economic measure to keep the community as a labour force, rather than a way to alleviate their socioeconomic hardships. This article shows how the Indian Agents were able to uncover a range of issues that were impeding the establishment of permanent settlements for south Indian labourers in the FMS. Some of them demonstrated exceptional levels of direct involvement. The article’s primary goal is to assess the degree to which the Indian Agents influenced the overall development of permanent Indian labour settlement.

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Samal, Rajbir, and Binod Mishra. "(En)gendering diaspora: Negotiating food, culture and women in select Indian diasporic novels." Ars Aeterna 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aa-2023-0010.

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Abstract This article revisits two well-known novels in Indian diasporic writing, Anita and Me (1996) by Meera Syal and The Namesake (2003) by Jhumpa Lahiri, to examine the cultural agents behind the formation and sustenance of the Indian diaspora. The article first establishes the multivalence of food to understand Indian literature and culture and then contextualizes the novel into the tradition of Indian diasporic food writing. By focusing on the culinary discourses in the novel, the article argues that Indian women employ their culinary strategies and ingenuities to produce a cultural version of Indianness, central to the construction of the Indian diaspora. The article draws the theoretical framework from Anita Mannur’s postcolonial concept of “kitchen Indians” to unravel the structural working of gender roles that operate at the foundation of the Indian diaspora.

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Hamdan, Mohammed. "Rewriting the Indian other." Babel / Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation / Revista Internacional de Traducción 69, no. 5 (September 18, 2023): 641–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00336.ham.

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Abstract This article reexamines the colonial representation of Indians in Rudyard Kipling’s “The Story of Muhammad Din” through a postcolonial resistant translation from English to Arabic. Set in India, Kipling’s short story depicts the buried Anglo-Indian conflict between the world perspectives of an adult Englishman and an Indian child. To this Indian child, Muhammad Din, existence is situated at the crossroads of an intense personal and national struggle for power, freedom, and independence. The dominant presence of the colonial law, which is embodied in the English doctor’s presumed authority and strict medical discourse in Kipling’s narrative, fashions a negative and inferior representation of Muhammad Din and his father Imam. Moreover, the impersonal style of narration, which is noted in the final scene of Muhammad’s death, enhances a colonial desire of the English to accentuate a rigorous sense of Englishness and national superiority that cannot be compromised. By offering a postcolonial translation of Kipling’s story in Arabic, however, Arab readers re-conceptualize or re-imagine othered Indians – here Muhammad Din – as central post-colonial agents who also function as vital sources of artistic or creative power that is necessary to deflate colonial authoritative agency in Kipling’s colonial text.

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Pettit, George R., Yanhui Meng, Delbert L. Herald, Andrew M. Stevens, Robin K. Pettit, and Dennis L. Doubek. "Antineoplastic Agents 540. The Indian Gynandropsis gynandra (Capparidaceae)." Oncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics 15, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/096504005775082039.

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Roy, Neha Chhabra, and Samik Shome. "Attrition of Agents in Indian Life Insurance Companies." Current Science 115, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.18520/cs/v115/i5/851-859.

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Rand, Jacki Thompson, and George Harwood Phillips. "Indians and Indian Agents: The Origins of the Reservation System in California, 1849-1852." Western Historical Quarterly 30, no. 2 (1999): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/970510.

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Rawls, James J., and George Harwood Phillips. "Indians and Indian Agents: The Origins of the Reservation System in California, 1849-1852." American Historical Review 103, no. 2 (April 1998): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2649909.

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Owens, Kenneth N., and George Harwood Phillips. "Indians and Indian Agents: The Origins of the Reservation System in California, 1849-1852." Journal of American History 85, no. 3 (December 1998): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2567264.

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S. Patel, Himadri, and Tulika Singh. "Management of Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) Using Different Bio Agents in Indian Bean." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1108.019.

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Studies on management of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. on Indian bean using bio-agents under pot condition were carried out at Department of Nematology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat. The pot experiment on efficacy of different bio-agents for the management of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. in Indian bean implied that application of Purpureocillium lilacinum 1% WP (2 × 108 cfu/g) @ 0.1% (w/w) followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens 0.5% WP (2 × 108 cfu/g) @ 0.1% (w/w) enriched with FYM reduced root-knot nematode population and increased growth and development of Indian bean.

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Miller, Sara E. "Surveillance of Bioterrorism Agents: Considerations for EM Laboratories." Microscopy Today 12, no. 4 (July 2004): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500054869.

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Biowarfare was first documented in the eighteenth century during the French and Indian War when the British distributed smallpox-contaminated blankets to the American Indians. Smallpox is considered a likely agent even today because the USSR was known to have produced and stockpiled large amounts of the virus even after signing the 1972 treaty prohibiting such production. Because of the large number of workers involved and the poor economy, the security of these stockpiles is unclear [1, txtwriler.com/Backgrounders/Bioterrorism/bioterrar4.html]. Since the terrorist attacks in the United States in 2001, world attention has been drawn to terrorism and potential release of dangerous biological organisms. Considerable efforts are being made to establish methods for rapidly recognizing these agents. Numerous electron microscopy (EM) laboratories have been approached to join rapid response teams for the detection of viral agents. However, several issues should be carefully considered before an EM laboratory agrees to participate in surveillance.

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Miller, Larisa K. "The Decline of the Northern California Indian Association." California History 99, no. 3 (2022): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2022.99.3.25.

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Thousands of Indians in Northern California were landless, impoverished, and all but forgotten at the turn of the twentieth century. The Northern California Indian Association (NCIA), formed by Christian women in the Santa Clara Valley, sought to improve conditions for these people and spurred the federal government to provide them with land. After fifteen years of success and growth, in the 1910s the NCIA pivoted from supporting direct fieldwork among the Indians to establishing an Indian industrial school near Sacramento. A fire at the school in 1917 caused a devastating setback for the association. Despite having the financial health to survive this loss, the NCIA struggled to carry on. Decreasing membership numbers and an aging leadership indicated critical weaknesses in the organization. World War I and secularization exacerbated these structural problems. The NCIA viewed the emergence of a new organization, the Indian Board of Co-operation, founded by Frederick Collett and Beryl Bishop-Collett, as a significant threat. Frederick Collett accused NCIA members of subverting the fledgling board by maligning the Colletts among government Indian agents, attempting to prevent the board’s participation at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition, and urging the courts to remove a foster child from the Colletts’ care. With few voices advocating for the Indians of Northern California during this period, the NCIA succeeded in influencing government policy and shaping federal Indian policies and programs. The NCIA’s decline allowed a new organization to press for a new round of federal assistance while pushing state and local officials to take greater responsibility for California’s Indigenous peoples.

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Gautam, Raju, Arvind Saklani, and Sanjay M. Jachak. "Indian medicinal plants as a source of antimycobacterial agents." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 110, no. 2 (March 2007): 200–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.12.031.

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Gutiérrez, Itzayana. "Remediating Kalimán: Digital Evolutions of Eugenic Agents." Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas 5, no. 1-2 (April 11, 2019): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23523085-00501004.

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Kalimán is a Mexican superhero that has circulated Orientalist eugenic values for over fifty years across Latin America. Although Indian, and wearing traditional Indian subcontinental clothing, distinguishable only by a jewel-encased “K” on his turban, Kalimán is a muscular, blue-eyed, and white character. He was created in 1963 as the main protagonist of a radio series that spawned a comic magazine in 1965, two films in 1972 and 1976, and animations and video games in the early 2010s, in a massive process of remediation that has guaranteed a solid mark in the cultural patrimony of the Americas. Since Kalimán incarnates impulses of punishment and desire over racially contaminated brown and black characters, his undisturbed, easy-to-access, and enduring presence provides evidence of deeply ingrained anti-Asian violence in Latin American popular culture, as well as the urge to develop a critical look at graphic violence traditions which continue to be treasured.

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Bhattacharya, Jayati. "Stories from the margins: Indian business communities in the growth of colonial Singapore." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 50, no. 4 (December 2019): 521–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463420000041.

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Colonial Singapore witnessed the movement and settling of Chinese, Malay, Indian, Arab, European and other mercantile groups as a free port and emporium of the British Empire. This social landscape was defined by boundaries between the different ethnic communities, often drawn up by the British, in contrast to the cosmopolitan exchanges of the market. This article focuses on the Indian business communities which had played a significant role in maritime trade networks since pre-colonial times and continued to be a part of Singapore's developing society and economy in the British period. A minority in the colonial era port city and largely confined within intra-ethnic economic and social circuits, Indians participated in the complex colonial structure of trade and credit alongside British, European and Asian traders and merchant houses, as brokers, agents, and retailers. British hegemony over the Indian subcontinent was both an advantage and a disadvantage for these Indian trading communities. This article brings to light the history of Indian networks in the colonial transnational flows of capital and entrepreneurship, and their patterns of integration into and role in the development of Singapore, a role marginalised in the scholarship and the national narratives alike by a focus on the large-scale Indian labour migrations.

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RANA, N. "Bioterrorism: A contexture in Indian perspective." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 88, no. 11 (November 22, 2018): 1221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v88i11.85021.

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The threat of biological warfare has been engaging the attention of Indian defence and medical experts for a long time indicating the vulnerability of the country to a potential public health threat. This paper gives an overview of bioterrorism; its historical facets, attributes of bioterrorism agents and impact of advancement in biotechnology on development of biowarfare agents. Effective bioterrorism planning, prevention and response requires cooperation and collaboration between law enforcement and public health. The paper discusses the biodefence preparedness and constraints from the Indian standpoint and identifies the need for a definitive constitutional framework to put into place a robust legislative mechanism to check the growing threat of biological warfare. Keeping in view the expertise of veterinarian in education and surveillance of zoonotic diseases, their integration in the public health disease surveillance and reporting system and participation in the fight against bioterrorism is imperative.

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Chandrasekhar, Arun G., Horacio Larreguy, and Juan Pablo Xandri. "Testing Models of Social Learning on Networks: Evidence From Two Experiments." Econometrica 88, no. 1 (2020): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta14407.

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We theoretically and empirically study an incomplete information model of social learning. Agents initially guess the binary state of the world after observing a private signal. In subsequent rounds, agents observe their network neighbors' previous guesses before guessing again. Agents are drawn from a mixture of learning types—Bayesian, who face incomplete information about others' types, and DeGroot, who average their neighbors' previous period guesses and follow the majority. We study (1) learning features of both types of agents in our incomplete information model; (2) what network structures lead to failures of asymptotic learning; (3) whether realistic networks exhibit such structures. We conducted lab experiments with 665 subjects in Indian villages and 350 students from ITAM in Mexico. We perform a reduced‐form analysis and then structurally estimate the mixing parameter, finding the share of Bayesian agents to be 10% and 50% in the Indian‐villager and Mexican‐student samples, respectively.

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Ruchi Verma, Vinay Bhardwaj, Shailee Fotedar, Arun Singh Thakur, Akshay Thakur, and Gauri Atwal. "Challenges of Bioterrorism: An Indian Perspective." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 15, no. 2 (April 5, 2024): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/sgrwjb03.

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Bioterrorism is the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, toxins, or other harmful agents to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants. A biological weapon is useful to terrorists mainly as a method of creating mass panic and disruption to a state or a country. Bioterrorism agents are classified as categories A, B, and C. Bioterrorism imposes particularly heavy demands on the nation’s public health and health care system because ultimately it will be the public health system that will be called on to mitigate and ameliorate the consequences of a bioterrorism attack. India is the second-most populous country in the world and has a diverse demography consisting of various religions, cultures, and languages. The unique nature of India’s population makes it vulnerable to bioterrorism attacks that can result in catastrophic consequences. This review article aims to focus on the challenges of bioterrorism from Indian perspective and to outline the methods on preparedness and prevention of bioterror attacks.

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Jassal, Lakhbir K. "The Race to Death: The Production of Ritual Expertise in Brighton for Matter Out of Place." Human Geography 8, no. 2 (July 2015): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861500800204.

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This paper brings together an instance where Indian cultural difference is recognised, and accommodated, by the state or its agents, albeit in very different circumstances. The distinctiveness of these circumstances reveals a great deal about the minority status of Indians in British society, historically, and in contemporary times. This paper explores ritual expertise as a key element in transactions of necropower and draws on case studies in Brighton to explore the accumulation of culturally specific knowledge and the right to exercise this knowledge.

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Uddandapu*, Phani Kumari, Venkateswar Rao, Y., and Chandrasekhara Naidu K. "Review on few South Indian medicinal plants as antimicrobial agents." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 03 (February 29, 2016): 4915. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.03.0016.

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The Plant kingdom is a storehouse of potential drugs. Plant derived medicines have made large contributions to human health and well-being. They play dual role in the development of new drugs. At first they act as a natural blueprint for the development of new drugs and secondly they can be used for the treatment of infectious diseases. Many evidences gathered from earlier studies which confirmed that the presence of variety of phytochemicals in plants contribute medicinal properties. In this present review, an attempt has been made to give an overview of few south Indian medicinal plants and their phytochemicals which are useful in the treatment of several infectious diseases.

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Ghalla, Mansukh, Rasya Dixit, K. Srinivasa Murthy, and Tina Priscilla Katta. "Expert consensus on the use of sunscreen agents: Indian perspective." International Journal of Research in Dermatology 8, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20214928.

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<p class="abstract">Sunscreens have been widely known to play an integral part in photoprotection. Both physical and chemical sunscreens have been extensively used for prevention and management of several conditions induced by ultraviolet rays such as sunburn, photoaging, skin cancer, and phototoxic reactions. Currently, sunscreens are available in different formulations like creams, lotions, gels, sticks, and sprays. Forty experts in the field of clinical dermatology participated in the expert group meetings organized via teleconference webinar to discuss definitions, diagnoses, and management. Current evidence on the use of sunscreen agents along with clinical experience of experts was discussed. The application of an adequate amount of sunscreen with an appropriate sun protection factor is imperative, and must be in accordance to skin type and exposure pattern of an individual. As part of a complete sun protection regimen, the judicious use of sunscreens must be combined with avoidance of midday sun exposure and protective clothing. There is an undeniable need to improve public education and awareness regarding use of sunscreens. This review article provides a consensus clinical viewpoint of expert dermatologists on effective use of sunscreens to assist in clinical decision-making for healthcare professionals.</p>

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Rathore, Brijesh, Abbas Ali Mahdi, Bhola Nath Paul, Prabhu Narayan Saxena, and Siddharth Kumar Das. "Indian Herbal Medicines: Possible Potent Therapeutic Agents for Rheumatoid Arthritis." Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 41, no. 1 (2007): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.2007002.

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Chaudhary, Sartaj, and Ajoy Kumar Dey. "Influence of socialisation agents on the materialism of Indian teenagers." International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management 13, no. 2 (2016): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijicbm.2016.078040.

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Premilla D'Cruz and Ernesto Noronha. "Experiencing depersonalised bullying: a study of Indian call-centre agents." Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation 3, no. 1 (2009): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.13169/workorgalaboglob.3.1.0026.

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Komath, Ashwath. "‘Localitis’ in State Diplomacy: A Study on Cultural Immersion and its Effects on the Indian Foreign Service." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 77, no. 1 (March 2021): 78–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928421994934.

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Literature in Diplomatic Studies often reference a phenomenon where diplomats sent for too long to another country develop an affinity for their assigned country, sometimes to the detriment of their home country. This has profound implications when we examine diplomatic agents as personalities in their own right and their ability to perform as state agents. This article investigates the basis of such a claim by examining the Indian diplomatic corps as a case study to verify its validity and enlist the factors that influence this phenomenon. This article relies on interviews given by former diplomats of the Indian Foreign Service to highlight the structures that influence behaviour of diplomatic agents and the implications it may have on training for future diplomats and preparing them for the evolution of diplomacy in the technological age.

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Sankpal, Dr Girish Vithal. "Importance of Indian Spices and Herbs in Indian Regional Cuisine." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 09 (September 1, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem25700.

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Introduction: India is known as a land of spices all over the world. Explorers, Invaders, and traders from all over the world were attracted by the abundance of spices grown in India. Herbs and spices are the most versatile and widely used ingredients in Indian cuisine. They are used as flavoring and coloring agents. They are also used as natural preservatives. In this era of globalization, people do not want to use chemical preservatives and so the importance of spices and herbs is increasing in the food industry. Being natural antioxidants and antimicrobial, spices and herbs have become an important part of the culinary art of cooking. Spices are extensively used in the perfumery, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Herbs and spices have healthpromoting propertiess in abundance. Purpose: The research paper explores the importance of Indian spices and herbs in Indian regional cuisine Methodology: It is secondary research based on data available. Results: This study gives an overview of the significance of herbs and spices in Maharashtrian cuisine for their flavor, taste and health benefits. Consumption of certain spices increases immunity these are resistant in the human body. Herbs and spices have time-honored past of use with a strong function in cultural legacy and in recitation of foods and its botheration to health. Spices and herbs are available in the form of seeds, bark, flowers, stem, roots, fruits, and, leaves. Indians have always believed in Ayurveda, so instead of eating for taste and convenience, people have incorporated healing immune-boosting. Ayurveda herbs and spices into their daily diets. Indian cuisine with spices and herbs is deliberated for healing, energy, immune support, gut health, antimicrobial power and longevity. keywords: Spices, Herbs, Immunity boosters, health benefits, antioxidants.

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Kulkarni, Reshma, Gajanan N. Sapkal, Himanshu Kaushal, and Devendra T. Mourya. "Japanese Encephalitis: A Brief Review on Indian Perspectives." Open Virology Journal 12, no. 1 (August 31, 2018): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874357901812010121.

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Introduction: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is recently declared as a notifiable disease in India due to its expanding geographical distribution. The disease notification facilitates effective implementation of preventive measures and case management. Expalantion: JE is a vector-borne disease that can be prevented by vaccine administration. It is caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), belonging to family Flaviviridae. Amongst the known etiological viral encephalitis agents, it is one of the leading viral agents of acute encephalitis syndrome in many Asian countries where it is identified to cause substantial morbidity and mortality as well as disability. Globally, it is responsible for approximately 68,000 clinical cases every year. Conclusion: In the absence of antivirals, patients are given supportive treatment to relieve and stabilize. Amongst available control strategies; vector control is resource intensive while animal and human vaccination are the most effective tool against the disease. This review highlights recent progress focusing challenges with diagnosis and prophylactic interventions.

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Singh, Dheeraj Kumar, Mukesh Kumar, and Soni . "Disparity in cost of oral hypoglycemic agents available in Indian market." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 12 (November 25, 2019): 2631. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20195269.

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Background: Diabetes is one of the most common non-communicable disease worldwide, of which India has been crowned with the title of “diabetes capital of the world”. On an average a person spends 20% of his or her income for the treatment of diabetes per year. So, it’s become very important to conduct a complete cost disparity study among oral hypoglycemic agent available in the market. Information generated from the current analysis, will be helpful to doctors in choosing the right drug for their patient and for the health sector in successfully utilizing the available resources.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of pharmacology AIIMS, Patna 2019. Price of the drugs per tablet/capsule/vial were reviewed from “Current Index of Medical Specialties” January-April 2019 and “Drug Today” October-December, 2018 for analysis of different formulations of oral hypoglycemic agents.Results: The cost of total 16 drugs belonging to 6 different classes, available in 38 different formulations were analyzed. Total 44 different pharmaceutical companies were involved in the manufacture of oral hypoglycemic agents. Overall glibenclamide (5 mg) and bromocriptine (2.5 mg) showed maximum % price variation of 422.79 and 586.27 respectively. Dapagliflozin and canagliflozin both belonging to sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors shows minimum price variation of 9.86 and 0.9 respectively.Conclusions: The current study shows that there is a huge price variation among oral hypoglycemic agents manufactured by different companies and government needs to take essential steps to bring about the uniformity in the price.

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Karve, Ashwini, and Kanchan Chattar. "Cost analysis study of oral antihypertensive agents available in Indian market." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 3, no. 3 (2014): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/2319-2003.ijbcp20140612.

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Ajith, Thekkuttuparambil A., and Kainoor K. Janardhanan. "Indian Medicinal Mushrooms as a Source of Antioxidant and Antitumor Agents." Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 40, no. 3 (2007): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.40.157.

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Moochhala, Mustafa, and Tejinder Singh Bhogal. "Bringing Change to the Change Agents - A Look at Indian NGOs." NHRD Network Journal 1, no. 5_Special_Issue (November 2007): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974173920070508s.

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Kumar, V. Prashanth, Neelam S. Chauhan, Harish Padh, and M. Rajani. "Search for antibacterial and antifungal agents from selected Indian medicinal plants." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 107, no. 2 (September 2006): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.013.

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Amaravati, Raghavendra, and Naga Kandra. "Cost analysis of oral hypoglycemic agents available in Indian pharmaceutical market." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 13, no. 7 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.12584202220122022.

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is “A metabolic disorder requiring lifelong medication which further adds to. Cost of the drug pays an important role in adherence and compliance to the treatment. There is a wide variation in prices of oral hypoglycemic drugs available in Indian pharmaceutical market. Aims and Objectives: The study was planned to evaluate cost of oral antidiabetic drugs of various brands currently available in Indian market either as single drug or in combination. Materials and Methods: Cost of antidiabetic medications manufactured by various pharmaceutical companies in the same strength and dosage form was obtained from the price list provided by various pharmaceutical companies in current index of medical specialties April–July 2022. The cost ratio and percentage price variation for each formulation was calculated and analyzed. Results: The highest percentage price variation is seen with Tab. Metformin 809% and lowest with Tab. Glibenclamide 5 mg 46.8% while the highest cost ratio is seen with Tab. Metformin 9.09 and and lowest cost ratio Tab. Glibenclamide 5 mg 1.46. Other oral anti diabetic drugs with percentage price variation and cost ratio are Tab. Gliclazide 30 mg–346.7% and 4.46, Tab. Pioglitazone 15 mg 299% and 3.99, Tab. Voglibose 0.2 mg 352% and 4.52. Conclusion: Our study shows that there is high price variation for oral anti diabetics. It is important to bring awareness about wide variation in prices so that drug cost can be reduced and made affordable to common man which plays major role in compliance of patient.

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Manpreet,, Shamsher Singh, Gupta GD, and Aran Khadga Raj. "Cost Variation Analysis of Various Brands of Anti-Depressants Agents Currently Available in Indian Markets." Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Disorders 7, no. 1 (June 21, 2023): 017–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jnnd.1001076.

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Depression is a mental, psychiatric medical condition or disorder in which individuals manifest some clinical syndrome characterized by sadness, mood swings, societal withdrawal, lack of interest, family issues, and education problems which affect the daily student life in which the individual does not participate in daily activities. Sometimes individual commits suicide due to exam stress and that swings the mood upon the condition of the individual. The cost of brand-name medications prescribed in such circumstances exacerbates the disease burden and may even result in noncompliance with therapy. IDR (Indian Depository Receipt) was used to calculate the cost of various antidepressant drug brands. Using the percentage cost ratio, one can ascertain the price of each brand’s 10 tablets in INR (Indian Rupees), the cost ratio, and the percentage cost variance. The difference between the greatest and lowest prices of the same drug produced by Indian pharmaceutical industries was calculated. There is a greater price disparity between agents on the market. The greatest expense variance was found to be amitriptyline 25 mg (195%), fluoxetine 50 mg (95%), sertraline 50 mg (83%) and the lowest % cost variation was of fluvoxamine 20 mg (13.8 mg), duloxetine 20 mg (16%) and escitalopram 10 mg (38%). On the Indian market, the average price disparity between antidepressant medications of various brands is quite high. If a pricey brand is prescribed, patients will incur additional costs.

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Field, Les. "Indians and Indian Agents: The Origins of the Reservation System in California, 1849-52. George Harwood Phillips." Journal of Anthropological Research 53, no. 2 (July 1997): 247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jar.53.2.3631282.

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Tuljapurkar, Vidisha, Harsh Dhar, Aseem Mishra, Swagnik Chakraborti, Pankaj Chaturvedi, and Prathamesh S. Pai. "The Indian scenario of head and neck oncology – Challenging the dogmas." South Asian Journal of Cancer 05, no. 03 (July 2016): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2278-330x.187573.

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AbstractHead and neck cancers (HNCs) are the most common malignancies worldwide. Asian populations bear major burden of this disease, with certain unique characteristics. Although significant research in HNCs is ongoing globally, many clinical issues still remain unanswered. We performed a literature search to find noteworthy Indian studies that changed practice of HNC as well as to look for areas for further research in this field. Many randomized controlled trials as well as large patient series are reported in the field of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical management of HNC. Still, many areas such as palliative therapy, targeted agents, and newer chemotherapeutic agents remain unexplored. Planned collaborative research is need of the hour to provide more evidenced based.

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Rani, Jyoti, and Sukhvir Singh. "Antimicrobial Properties of Herbal Dyes of Indian Medicinal Plants." Textile & Leather Review 5 (May 26, 2022): 199–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.31881/tlr.2022.16.

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Antimicrobial properties are gaining popularity and getting more attention in the textile industry. Also, the demand for antimicrobial products has increased significantly in the market because consumers are demanding fresh and clean clothes. Various chemical agents are used in industries to give an antimicrobial finish to textiles. These chemicals are long-lasting and highly effective against various bacteria, microbes and fungi, but those chemicals are harmful to the environment. Therefore, much of the research has been conducted on medicinal plant based antimicrobial agents. Natural antimicrobial compounds have less harmful impacts on living beings and are also more environmentally friendly. Various medicinal plants that contain antimicrobial compounds are present and these plants are used as home medicines for various diseases. Such plants are neem (Azadirachta indica), basil (Ocimum basilicum), pomegranate (Punica granatum), Arjun tree (Terminalia arjuna), sage plant (Salvia officinalis) etc. This study is conducted systematically by considering only evergreen herbal medicinal plants of the Indian subcontinent. Medicinal plants were utilized to impart antimicrobial properties to textiles and to develop various products.

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Sahasranamam, Sreevas. "Innovation and entrepreneurship amidst coronavirus: a hybrid innovation network response." South Asian Journal of Business Studies 10, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sajbs-05-2020-0135.

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PurposeThis article aims to discuss adaptation of innovation network during crisis, using the context of an Indian state’s response during early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe article is based on a combination of data from public sources and interviews with entrepreneurs and innovators from an Indian state obtained during the period January–May 2020.FindingsA hybrid innovation network approach with low barriers between the triple helix agents and a non-linear approach to innovation shaped the response of an Indian state toward the pandemic.Originality/valueThis article serves as a case study for innovation network response during initial periods of a crisis such as COVID-19.

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Patil, Krishna. "Television Soap Operas and Social Change in India: Representations of Gender, Class, and Morality." Journal of Research in Social Science and Humanities 3, no. 2 (February 2024): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/jrssh.2024.02.02.

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Television soap operas hold a significant place in Indian society, serving as influential mediums that shape cultural norms, social discourse, and individual perceptions. This paper examines the profound impact of television soap operas on Indian society, exploring how these programs reflect, critique, and shape cultural values, social dynamics, and moral standards. Through compelling narratives and diverse characters, soap operas navigate complex themes such as gender roles, class dynamics, and moral dilemmas, offering audiences insights into the intricacies of Indian life. By fostering dialogue, raising awareness, and inspiring social change, television soap operas emerge as powerful agents of cultural transformation, influencing the aspirations, values, and behaviors of millions of viewers across India.

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Gedam, Sanjay, and Namita Barmaiya. "Cost variation analysis of oral anti-diabetic agents available in Indian market." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 10, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212080.

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Background: The objective of this study was to analyze cost variations of oral antidiabetic drugs available in Indian market.Methods: An observational study was carried out using CIMS (current index of medical specialities), (July 2020 to October 2020) and 1 mg.com, where difference in the maximum and minimum price of a particular drug, manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies, in the same strength, number and dosage form was compared and the percentage variation in price was calculated. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis.Results: The minimum and maximum percentage price variation for different classes of drugs respectively is as follows- in single drug therapy, the price variation between a sulfonylurea group of drugs glibenclamide (5 mg) shows maximum price variation of 400%, while glipizide (2.5 mg) shows variation of 81.8%. In biguanides, thizolidinediones and DPP4 inhibitor groups of drugs, metformin (500 mg), pioglitazone (30 mg) and vildagliptin show maximum price variation of 334.78%, 307 % and 264.6% respectively. In α- glucosidases inhibitor group of drugs voglibose (0.2 mg) shows maximum price variation of 284%. In meglitinides group of drugs, nateglinide (60 mg) shows maximum price variation of 284.6 %. In combination drug therapy, glimepiride and metformin combination (2+500 mg SR) shows the maximum variation up to 352.8%.Conclusions: The percentage cost variation of different brands of the same drug manufactured in India is very wide and the reason behind marketing a drug should be directed towards maximizing the benefit of therapy and minimizing negative personal and economic consequences.

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Basu, Shayontani, Veerabadhran Maruthanayagam, Sandeep Chakraborty, Arnab Pramanik, Anushree Achari, Parasuraman Jaisankar, and Joydeep Mukherjee. "Cyanobacteria of the Indian Sundarbans: A Potential Source of Powerful Therapeutic Agents." International Journal of Chemical and Environmental Sciences 2, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15864/ijcaes.2205.

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Mangrove forests occupy the estuarine ecotone and harbor a wide range of microorganisms along with a rich diversity of flora and fauna. Marine and estuarine organisms are known to produce unique molecules due to the aggressive, exigent, and competitive surroundings that are unlike those produced in the terrestrial environment. Marine cyanobacteria are a vast resource for new bioactive natural products useful in the development of therapeutics. The Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem harbours various unique microorganisms having different interesting properties. Discovery of a unique alkaline serine protease enzyme tolerant to bleach, detergent, high salt concentration and solvent, isolation and identification of obligatelyhalophilic,euryhaline novel cyanobacteria from intertidal soil surface of the Sundarbans and identification of a pair of novel Streptomyces represent a few of the ongoing endeavors undertaken to explore the mostly untapped microbial diversity of the Sundarbans. This study focuses on two novel strains of cyanobacteria isolated from the intertidal soil surface biofilm of the Indian Sundarbans, which were cultivated on a large scale to yield a significant quantity of biomass for the extraction of secondary metabolites. The cyanobacterial biomass was extracted with a range of polar and non-polar solvents and the ethyl acetate fractions showed significant anti- angiogenic activity when tested against sunitinib (a protein kinase inhibitor). The extracts also showed significantly greater anti- inflammatory activity compared to dexamethasone, which has been shown to reduce the 28 day mortality rate of patients affected by COVID- 19.

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Raghuram, Sumita. "Identities on call: Impact of impression management on Indian call center agents." Human Relations 66, no. 11 (July 11, 2013): 1471–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726713481069.

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Schreiber, D. ""A Liberal and Paternal Spirit": Indian Agents and Native Fisheries in Canada." Ethnohistory 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 87–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-2007-047.

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Cowie, Claire, and Anna Pande. "Phonetic convergence towards American English by Indian agents in international service encounters." English World-Wide 38, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 244–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.38.3.01cow.

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Abstract In outsourced voice-based services (call centres are a typical example), an agent providing a service is likely to accommodate their speech to that of the customer. In services outsourced to India, as in other postcolonial settings, the customer accent typically does not have a place in that agent’s repertoire. This presents an opportunity to test whether exposure to the customer accent through telephone work promotes phonetic convergence, and/or whether social factors are implicated in convergence. In this map task experiment, 16 IT workers from Pune (half of whom regularly spoke to American colleagues on the telephone) gave directions to American followers. There was evidence of imitation of the bath vowel with an American addressee. However, imitation did not depend on exposure alone. Attitudes to American English, social networks and individuals’ sense of themselves as performers affected their behaviour in the experiment.

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Srinivasan, Ragini Tharoor. "Call Center Agents and Expatriate Writers: Twin Subjects of New Indian Capital." ariel: A Review of International English Literature 49, no. 4 (2018): 77–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ari.2018.0030.

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Blaylock, Michael J., David E. Salt, Slavik Dushenkov, Olga Zakharova, Christopher Gussman, Yoram Kapulnik, Burt D. Ensley, and Ilya Raskin. "Enhanced Accumulation of Pb in Indian Mustard by Soil-Applied Chelating Agents." Environmental Science & Technology 31, no. 3 (March 1997): 860–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es960552a.

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Jain, Vartika, Bhavika Kunwar, and S. K. Verma. "A Review on Thrombolysis Enhancing Indian Edible Plants." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 1283–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2709.

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Impaired thrombolysis is one of the causes of the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The synthetic thrombolytic agents such as streptokinase, urokinase and antistreplase have their own side effects. Plants are always considered as safe and cost-effective therapeutic agents. Dietary therapeutics is an emerging branch for the prevention and treatment of several ailments. The present article compiles 43 edible plants which have shown in vitro thrombolytic potential and are also employed in the diets of several ethnic communities in India. Among these, Bauhinia purpurea and Baccaurea ramiflora are two plants having more than 70% in vitro clot lysis potential; Coccinia grandis, Curcuma longa, Cyperus rotundus, and Typha domingensis have 50-70% thrombolytic activity; and the rest of the plants have 11-49% thrombolytic activity. These 43 plants also include spices and condiments such as Turmeric, Black pepper, Indian Bayleaf, Coriander and Ginger, which affirms the traditional saying of using food as medicine. Besides, these edible plants also possess various phyto-constituents and health-beneficial pharmacological activities. If these plants could be incorporated into a routine diet, it might be possible to prevent or delay the onset of CVD. However, detailed studies are required to evaluate the pattern of CVD in ethnic communities consuming such plants, as well as systematic clinical trials are warranted to investigate the thrombolytic efficacy of these plants.

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Brownlie, Robin. "Man on the Spot: John Daly, Indian Agent in Parry Sound, 1922-1939." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 5, no. 1 (February 9, 2006): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031073ar.

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Abstract In this article, the local application of Indian policy is examined though an analysis of the career of an Ontario Indian agent, John M. Daly, who served in the Parry Sound Agency from 1922 to 1939. While policy was decided in Ottawa, which closely monitored field officials, the agents were responsible for its practial implementation and for dealing with the contradictions and ambiguities which could arise in concrete situations. The Indian Department's reliance on information provided by the "man on the spot" meant that his recommendations carried a great deal of weight in decision-making. An in-depth analysis of the agent's day-to-day activities thus provides insights into the actual realities faced by Native people in their interaction with government. Daly's methods conformed well to the style of administration encouraged by the Department. A confirmed paternalist, he offered some protection to vulnerable individuals while opposing those who strove to assert self-determinaiton. He was always very concerned to maintain the Department's authority, on which his own was dependent — in particular, this involved keeping aboriginal people and band councils "in their place". By the 1920s the failure of the federal policy of separation, civilisation and assimilation was readily apparent — aboriginal people remained a distinct, unassimilated population, still largely segregated on the reserves which were intended to be absorbed into the surrounding communities. The formerly stagnant or shrinking Native population was beginning to increase, while reserves remained fixed in size and their resources were already substantially depleted. This, combined with the marginalization of aboriginal people within the mainstream labour market, meant poverty and hardship for many Natives. Since federal policy was never adjusted to cope with the new realities, the agents found themselves approaching the problem of Native poverty on an ad hoc basis. Daly's negotiation of these difficult circumstances is analysed in the following paper.

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Arjjumend, Hasra, and Konstantia Koutouki. "ANALYSIS OF INDIAN AND CANADIAN LAWS REGULATING THE BIOPESTICIDES: A COMPARISON." Journal of Environmental Law & Policy 001, no. 001 (May 15, 2021): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/jelp001.02.

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An excessive use of toxic plant protection chemicals has irreversibly damaged the soil biology of agroecosystems, resulting in a substantial decline of productivity. Biocontrol agents, especially microbial biopesticides, are seen as one of the key solutions to overcome toxicity and pest resistance issues. Biopesticides are defined as mass-produced agents manufactured from living microorganisms or natural products used for the control of pests. Laws to regulate biopesticides both in India and Canada need to be analysed from the perspectives of trade facilitation, ease of business, proliferation of green technologies and products, and the sustainability and revitalization of soil biology. Registration of new biopesticides for its manufacturing, trade, import, storage, transport, disposal and safety is discussed from the point of view of the legal barriers imposed on the production process and trade. Having compared laws of both countries, authors offer recommendations for legal reform.

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Yesudhas, Ronald, and Laavanya PV. "Exploring Positive Youth Development Approach in Indian Context." Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond 11, no. 1 (March 2024): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23493003241229914.

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Positive youth development (PYD), which arose as a counterbalance to the treatment models in youth work, stresses the role of family, community and other change agents, such as NGOs and educational institutions, in creating services, opportunities and support systems for young people to excel. The article tries to locate the context of PYD approach. Single case study method is employed to document the historical emergence of the Anubhav Shiksha Kendra (ASK) and its adoption of PYD approach. Though the study cannot be generalised, it provides a framework for future empirical studies on PYD in India.

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Bhattacharyya, D. R., A. R. Rajavel, P. K. Mohapatra, P. Jambulingam, J. Mahanta, and A. Prakash. "Faunal richness and the checklist of Indian mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)." Check List 10, no. 6 (December 9, 2014): 1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/10.6.1342.

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A review of published studies revealed that the Indian mosquito fauna comprises 393 species in 49 genera and 41 subgenera. The subfamily Anophelinae contains 61 species in one genus followed by Culicinae with 332 species in 11 tribes and 48 genera. The tribe Aedini (subfamily Culicinae) contains the highest number of species (176 species in 33 genera and two groups of incertae sedis; i.e., “Aedes” sensu auctorum and “Ochlerotatus” sensu auctorum). With the recent taxonomic changes in tribe Aedini, the Indian mosquito genera have gone up from 22 to 49. Changes to the Indian Aedini fauna subsequent to the reclassification of tribe Aedini are discussed. A total of 31 species are currently recognized in India for transmitting various mosquito-borne agents of human diseases. A checklist for the Indian mosquito species is presented and the need for a comprehensive study is emphasized.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Indian agents'

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