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Journal articles on the topic 'Indian Calendars'
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1
Chatterjee, S. K. "Indian Calendars." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 91 (1987): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100105901.
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The first treatise on calendric astronomy was compiled C1300 B.C.and is known as “The Vedāṅga Jyautiṣa. It gives rules for framing calendar covering a five-year period, called a ‘Yuga’. In this yuga-period calendar, there were 1830 civil days, 60 solar months, 62 synodic lunar months, and 67 sidereal lunar months. The calendar was luni-solar, and the year started from the first day of the bright fortnight when the Sun returned to the Delphini star group. Corrections were made, as required, to maintain this stipulation to the extent possible. The Vedāṅga calendar was framed on the mean motions of the luminaries, the Sun and the Moon, and was based on approximate values of their periods. Vedāṅga Jyautiṣa calendar remained in use for a very long time from C 1300 B.C. to C 400 A.D. when Siddhānta Jyautiṣa calendar based on true positions of the Sun and the Moon came into use and gradually replaced totally the Vedāṅga calendar.
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Misri, Deepti. "Dark Ages and Bright Futures." Public Culture 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 539–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-8358710.
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This article examines the shape of time for those living in Indian-occupied Kashmir, focusing particularly on two calendars that became embroiled in a “calendar war” in Indian-occupied Kashmir in the year 2017. The first was the annual calendar of the Jammu and Kashmir Bank, which proudly featured twelve “talented youth[s]” of the state. The second was a “countercalendar” circulated online by the anonymously run pro-azadi (self-determination) Facebook group Aalaw, featuring a rather different image of Kashmiri youth. Situating these calendars against a larger backdrop of visual representations of time in occupied Kashmir, this article examines how each calendar mobilized narratives about the past, present, and future in Kashmir, narratives that were negotiated through competing gendered images of youth via rhetorics of ability and disability. The article takes up the tensions between two strands of disability studies: liberal approaches that emphasize the celebration of disability and biopolitical critiques that foreground the violent production of debilitation, to consider how Kashmiri visual production suggests a vision of crip futures for those now living with disabilities in Kashmir.
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Rajarajeswari, G. "Concept of Time in Indian Astronomy." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 7, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v7i4.2065.
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Time is an important tool for mankind. We follow it with clocks and calendars. It is very important to measure time, as it keeps track of the age of people, animals and anything around us. Measuring time is always relative and not absolute.The need for fixing proper time for performing rituals urged the astronomical quest in India..Astronomy is a science which plays a vital role in our day to day life.The Hindu Calendar is called Pañcāṅga. Pañcāṅga is a tool for knowing the movement and position of various celestial objects. It is used to calculate the auspicious timings of any day for performing the rituals.It is based on the positions of Sun and Moon.Calculation and measurement of time had been a need and an enigma for man from time immemorial. As time passed man used various methods and devices for its measurement. Man keeps improving upon his methods and devices.
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Bhatnagar, A. K. "Effect of the New Equinox Definition on the Zero-Point of Longitude of the Indian Calendar." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 141 (1990): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900086745.
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Indian calendars follow a sidereal system of astronomy taking a fixed initial point on the ecliptic as the origin from which the longitudes are measured. Its position for the official Indian Calendar has been defined by the Calendar Reform Committee (1955) as the point on the ecliptic whose true tropical longitude was 23°15′00″ as on 21 March 1956, 0h UT. Its position was determined upto the year 1984 in accordance with Newcomb's value for general precession using the relation where T is in centuries of 36525 ephemeris days from 1900 January 0.5 ET. Recent changes in the location and the motion of the equinox with reference to the epoch J2000.0 have necessitated corresponding changes to be included in the determination of the mean and true positions of the above initial point. The new algorithm worked out is where T is in Julian centuries of 36525 days from J2000.0.
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Kuranbaeva, Umida. "THE HARD FATE OF THE DEFENDERS OF NATIONAL VALUES." Alatoo Academic Studies 19, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2019.194.24.
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This article is devoted to the history, unique culture and traditions of the Indian people, described in the writings of Abu Rayhan Biruni “Athar al-Baqiyah”, “Tafhim” and “India”, which are the primary sources on the history of India. It analyzes and classifies information that is collected from scientific literature on the works of Abu Rayhan Biruni. To date, the works of Abu Rayhan Beruni on the history, ethnography, chronology, toponymy, calendars, holidays and religious events of the above-mentioned peoples occupy one of the main places in research works.
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Shylaja, B. S. "Stone Inscriptions from South Asia as Sources of Astronomical Records." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, A30 (August 2018): 176–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319004010.
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AbstractStone inscriptions from all over India provide records of eclipses, solstices and planetary conjunctions. Extending the study to South Asia, to include Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Thailand, threw light on many new aspects such as evolution of calendars independently from the influence of Indian system of time measurement as early as the 3rd Century BCE. Many interesting records of planetary conjunctions are available. One record from Cambodia hints at a possible sighting of the 1054 supernova, while another from Thailand suggests a pre-planetary nebula event.
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Parpola, Asko. "Beginnings of Indian Astronomy with Reference to a Parallel Development in China." History of Science in South Asia 1 (December 28, 2013): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18732/h2vc7s.
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Hypotheses of a Mesopotamian origin for the Vedic and Chinese star calendars are unfounded. The Yangshao culture burials discovered at Puyang in 1987 suggest that the beginnings of Chinese astronomy go back to the late fourth millennium BCE. The instructive similarities between the Chinese and Indian luni-solar calendrical astronomy and cosmology therefore with great likelihood result from convergent parallel development and not from diffusion.
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Ng, Su Fang. "Indian Interpreters in the Making of Colonial Historiography: New Light on Mark Wilks’s Historical Sketches of the South of India (1810–1817)*." English Historical Review 134, no. 569 (August 2019): 821–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cez213.
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Abstract A forgotten archive at Oxford, the working library of Mark Wilks (1759–1831), sometime Resident of Madras who wrote the influential Historical Sketches of the South of India (1810), offers evidence of Anglo-Indian collaboration in the early colonial period following the 1799 defeat of Tipu Sultan. Examining new manuscript evidence, this article shows how Wilks, a friend of Colin Mackenzie, the surveyor of Mysore, used texts from the vast Mackenzie Collection to compose his history, abstracting selected translations for his own library. Wilks had the help of Mackenzie’s assistants, in particular Kavali Venkata Lakshmayya. Lakshmayya (and others) provided Wilks with translations of land grants and genealogical narratives, both of which were used to establish historical chronology. Because the British saw themselves as restorers of ancient Indian practices, chronology was as important for public policy as for historiography. Working with Wilks, Lakshmayya compiled a large manuscript folio that was at once a table to convert dates among western, Islamic, and Indian calendars, and a historical abstract giving a timeline of key events. This and other manuscripts show Wilks’s use of the Mackenzie Collection beyond only inscriptions. Historical chronology was established through a mix of sources: inscriptions, narrative accounts, and published works. Moreover, Wilks incorporated narratives written by native interpreters into Historical Sketches. Indian history was the result of Anglo-Indian collaboration. Native interpreters contributed significant intellectual labour, and their historiographical work laid the foundation for the writing of the early history of South India.
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Therrell, Matthew D., and Makayla J. Trotter. "Waniyetu Wówapi: Native American Records of Weather and Climate." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 92, no. 5 (May 1, 2011): 583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011bams3146.1.
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Pictographic calendars called waniyetu wówapi or “winter counts” kept by several Great Plains Indian cultures (principally the Sioux or Lakota) preserve a record of events important to these peoples from roughly the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries. A number of these memorable events include natural phenomena, such as meteor storms, eclipses, and unusual weather and climate. Examination of a selection of the available winter count records and related interpretive writings indicates that the Lakota and other native plains cultures recorded many instances of unusual weather or climate and associated impacts. An analysis of the winter count records in conjunction with observational and proxy climate records and other historical documentation suggests that the winter counts preserve a unique record of some of the most unusual and severe climate events of the early American period and provide valuable insight into the impacts upon people and their perceptions of such events in the ethnographically important region of the Great Plains.
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Cohen, Ariel. "The Changes In Calendars In The Ancient World As A Tool To Teach The Development Of Astronomy." Journal of Astronomy & Earth Sciences Education (JAESE) 5, no. 1 (July 25, 2018): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jaese.v5i1.10193.
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When teaching an introductory science survey course to college students learning astronomy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, we have devoted four hours to teaching the history of astronomy as a fruitful strategy to introduce important concepts surrounding the development of general scientific knowledge throughout history. In order to illustrate the impact of improved accuracy of astronomical measurements, we propose using the example the development of the calendars and, in particular, the widespread Hebrew calendars used throughout the adjacent Millennia of B.C. and A.C. The changes in the several determinations of the Hebrew calendar are demonstrated based on Babylonian and Jewish documents as well as works by al-Khwarizmi from the 9th century AD, found in the Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library, in Patna India. Our experience suggests that the teaching of calendar development and evolutions demonstrates the interconnectedness between scientific endeavors and social-religious traditions.
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Darmostukova, M. A., I. I. Snegireva, N. Yu Velts, A. S. Kazakov, and R. N. Alyautdin. "Vaccine Safety International Monitoring." Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy 7, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2019-7-1-6-14.
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Vaccine safety is an important aspect of mass immunization of the population. Adverse reactions that occur following vaccination result in a decrease in public confidence. The aim of this research was to identify information on the development of adverse events after immunization with vaccines included into the national vaccination calendars of the USA, European Union (EU), Japan, China, South Korea and India. Particular attention was paid to vaccines that are not included in the vaccination calendar, but are presented in the Russian Federation. During monitoring of vaccination against human papillomavirus information in the European Union, Japan and the United States, according the possible connection with development of autoimmune diseases was refuted. Monitoring of adverse events after vaccination with rotavirus vaccine I generation in the USA, EU and India, allowed to establish a link with the development of intestine invagination and limit the use of this medicinal product in favor of vaccine II generation. After starting vaccination against influenza was detected narcolepsy as a complication of this procedure; and when analyzing the complications of meningococcal vaccination Guillain — Barre syndrome was detected. We also analyzed information on various complications associated with vaccination against Japanese viral encephalitis, which was included into the national vaccination calendar of countries in Asia and the Pacifi c region — China, India, Japan, and South Korea. The main complications registered in the PRC after the introduction of Japanese encephalitis vaccine into the national vaccination calendar included: febrile seizures, thrombocytopenic purpura, encephalitis and meningitis. The main safety concerns about vaccines included into the national vaccination calendars of EU countries, the USA and the Asia-Pacific region concern vaccines that have recently appeared on the pharmaceutical market.
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Asha, S. "History in the Attic: Search for Roots in Ramabai Espinet’s The Swinging Bridge." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 9, no. 2 (February 27, 2021): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v9i2.10908.
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In most of diaspora literature there is an attempt to retrieve the past. This makes one measure time in many ways, different calendars, change of seasons, past encounters narrated through wars, defeats, encounters and disasters. It is remembered through family history, ancestral heritage, nostalgia, memory and even through national disasters. This interaction portrays the immigrants caught in flight of memories, relationships and images. The relocation has its disgust for one thing or the other. The author has to live in the reminiscences, a collective memory representing a symbolic relationship between past and present. The Swinging Bridge by Ramabai Espinet chronicles the multiple exiles that are part of the Indian experience in the Caribbean and Canada through two figures one from the past- great grandmother Gainder and the other from the present - Mona, the protagonist. The novel commemorates the maternal roots and routes of Indo-Caribbean history by establishing the subjectivity of widows and young girls from India who crossed the Kala Pani (Black waters of the Atlantic) in search of new beginnings in Trinidad and the great-grand-daughter who engages in an existential quest for selfhood in Canada. Grief motivates a flood of personal memories as Mona begins to remember intimate details of family life that had been repressed under the cover of migration. Bits and pieces of the past, fragments scattered in various places, childhood memories, overheard conversations, prayer songs, all come together in the attic. She explores the secret songs, photographs and letters giving her a powerful voice for her culture, her family, her fellow women and for herself. Mona’s drive to document history enables her to reveal the family’s carefully guarded secrets- domestic violence, drunken rampages, sexual abuse, illegitimate children, and even AIDS. This paper seeks to analyse the novel’s diasporic contents and find out whether this attempt at retrieval of the past brings about a change in the perception of today’s generation. The author brings to light the problems of a plural society calling for need for relationships and need for mutual respect- all to avoid conflict situations through this effective tracing of history in the novel.
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Ilyas, Mohammad. "World Conference on the International Islamic Calendar." American Journal of Islam and Society 9, no. 3 (October 1, 1992): 432–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v9i3.2587.
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The University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, and the Organizationof Islamic Confetence’s Standing Committee on Scientific and TechnologicalCooperation (COMSTECH), tecently otganized and hosted the WorldConference on the Intemational Islamic Calendar. The theme, “Towads aUnified World Islamic Calendar,” was discussed during eight sessions by aninternational audience consisting of about two hundred dignitaries, ulama,policymakers, scientists, and professionals from twenty-five countries and tenmajor international organizations. It was also genemusly sponsored by fifteenother agencies, including the Intemational Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT).The conference was opened by Tun Dato’ Sen Haji Hamdan SheikhTahit, head of the State of Penang. This matked the initiation of the systematicimplementation process for the intemational Islamic calendar. Dato’Haji Musa Mohammad, vice Chancellor of the University of Science Malaysiaand conference chainnan, thanked the planners in his welcoming address. Hewas followed by M. A. Kazi and Ambassador M. Mohsin, who addressed theconfetence on behalf of COMSTECH and OIC respectively. Kazi stressed theimportance of developing a uniform and systematic intemtional Islamic lunarcalendar through continued and detailed study by those qualified to do so.Ambassador Mohsin pointed out the need to unify the existing calendars inthe Muslim world. The OIC, he said, is in the process of making this aregular priority item in its agenda and is ready to give its full support.The keynote addtess, “Internationalizing the Islamic Calendar: The Challengeof a New Centuty,” was delivered by Mohammad Ilyas. He highlightedsome of the work that had gone into developing the calendar program, explainedwhat progress has been made on predicting the new moon’s visibility,and related how this can be used for an international Islamic calendar. Healso focused on the interrelation of science, the Shari‘ah, and policy and itsimplication for the question of implementation.The conference also heard reports from members in Australia, Nigeria,Tanzania, the United States, Egypt, Itan, Jordan, Morocco, Saudi Arabia,Turkey, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, ...
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Alka Parikh et al.,, Alka Parikh et al ,. "Decoding Indian Calendar." International Journal of History and Research 11, no. 1 (2021): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijhrjun20217.
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Nakayama, Shigeru. "The Position of the Futian Calendar on the History of East-West Intercourse of Astronomy." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 91 (1987): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100105950.
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It is proved that the Futian calendar, a non-official one compiled in the Jianzhong reign period (780-783) in China, was brought to Japan in 957 by a Buddhist monk and was employed as the basis of horoscopes by the Buddhist school of astrology (Memo 1964). It was also used in competition with the official Chinese xuanming calendar for the usual functions demanded of a Chinese type lunisolar ephemerides, such as eclipse predictions. According to the view of the Song Dynasty Chinese scholar Wang Yinglin that the Futian calendar was “originally an Indian method of astronomical calculation” but Kiyosi Yabuuti has commented that Wang Yinglin’s appraisal of the Futian calendar is solely based on a resemblance in form as it copied the trivial point of taking its epoch as the Jiuzhi calendar according to Indian astronomical methods and does not display a fundamental understanding of the Indian calendar (Yabuuti 1944).
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Wadhwa, Kavita, and Sudhakara Reddy Syamala. "Market timing and pseudo market timing: an empirical examination of IPOs in India." Managerial Finance 44, no. 2 (February 12, 2018): 160–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-01-2017-0006.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of market timing and pseudo market timing on equity issuance decisions of IPOs in an emerging economy – India. Indian new issues market provides a perfect setting to test market timing against pseudo market timing due to two reasons. First, the US literature shows that most underpriced IPOs are highly overvalued and in India, the authors have the evidence of underpricing of IPOs. But whether Indian IPOs are overvalued or not it is yet to be tested. Second, majority of IPOs were issued in India only after the 1991 economic reforms which may signal the evidence for pseudo market timing hypothesis. Design/methodology/approach The authors use direct test to examine the impact of market timing and pseudo market timing variables on the IPO activity. The direct tests of market timing and pseudo market timing hypotheses are based on the positive relation of market timing variables and market conditions variables with IPO activity. The authors examine the long-run performance of IPOs by using the calendar-time regression approach to test market timing against pseudo market timing. This serves as indirect test of market timing and pseudo market timing. Evidence of market timing using indirect test shows that there is a decline in the long-run stock performance of IPOs. Findings The results show that in India, firms issue equity not just due to market conditions but they also issue equity in order to time the market. The results of market timing are also supported by the calendar-time approach results. However, the authors find that the evidence of market timing is stronger for hot issue markets as compared to cold issue markets. Originality/value This is the first study to comprehensively examine market timing and pseudo market timing using direct and indirect tests for an emerging market context.
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Ashra, Sunil. "Emerging Indian Industries: The Case of Gems & Jewellery Sector Impending Constraints and Future Prospects." Asia Pacific Business Review 1, no. 2 (July 2005): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097324700500100213.
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In the Indian gems and jewellery industry, the cottage industry-based diamonds-processing and jewellery-making units compete with modern factories which use state-of-the-art machinery and computerized operations. The Indian gems and jewellery units have set up a worldwide network of offices in every hotspot on the diamond industry map. The phenomenal growth in gems and jewellery exports is a record among the large Indian export sectors. In fact, the gems and jewellery industry presents itself as a perfect case study for discussing how to build competitiveness of Indian industries. This sector has grown to become one of the leading export oriented industries in the country and contributes around 15–20 per cent of total merchandise exports (and 20–30% of manufactured exports). This sector recorded an export turnover of US$ 14 billion during calendar year 2004. Now even the Government of India perceives the gems & Jewellery sector as not only a potential and a large foreign exchange earner but also a thrust area for employment generation. The most important contributors in the industry have been Cut and Polished Diamonds; Coloured gemstones; and Gold Jewellery accounting for almost 95–97 percent of Gems and Jewellery exports of India. According to GJEPC, India accounts for 80–85 per cent of the world's CPD market in volume terms, 55–60 per cent in value terms and about 90 per cent in unit terms. This figure clearly indicates that India is likely to become a leading exporter of jewellery and gems both in manufacturing and trading. The industry has shown a very impressive growth and is moving in the right direction. India has been able to achieve a dominant position in diamonds and is emerging as the fastest growing jewellery sector in the world. The adequate support extended by the government in terms of pragmatic policies has helped significantly in helping India to be a global hub for gems and Jewellery both in manufacturing and trading. However, lot more has to happen for potential of this sector to be fully achieved.
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Jaisinghani, Dinesh. "An empirical test of calendar anomalies for the Indian securities markets." South Asian Journal of Global Business Research 5, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 53–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sajgbr-07-2014-0050.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test prominent calendar anomalies for Indian securities markets those are commonly reported for advanced markets. Design/methodology/approach – The study considers closing values of 11 different indices of National Stock Exchange India, for the period 1994-2014. By using dummy variable regression technique, five different calendar anomalies namely day of the week effect, month of the year effect, mid-year effect, Halloween effect, and trading-month effect are tested. Also, the evidence of volatility clustering has been tested through the application of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH)-M models. Findings – The results display weak evidence in support of a positive Wednesday effect. The results also display weak evidence in support of a positive April and December effect. The results show strong evidence in support of a positive September effect. The Halloween effect was not found significant. The test of mid-year effect provides evidence that the returns obtained on the second-half or the year are considerably higher than those obtained during the first half. The test of interactions effects showed possible presence of interactions among various effects. The GARCH-based tests display strong evidence in support of volatility clustering. Practical implications – The results have several implications for investors, regulators, and researchers. For investors, the trading strategies based on results obtained have been discussed. Similarly, certain key implications for regulators have been described. Originality/value – The originality of the paper lies in the long time frame and multiple indices covered. Also, the study analyses five different calendar anomalies and the interactions among these effects. These analyses provide useful insights regarding returns predictability for the Indian securities markets.
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Ruiz-Vallejo, Fernando. "La ruptura de las uniones en Colombia y sus diferenciales. Una aproximación biográfica a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud de 2015." Revista CS, no. 33 (February 15, 2021): 103–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18046/recs.i33.4058.
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El presente trabajo ofrece una estimación de la intensidad y el calendario de la primera disolución de la unión en Colombia y sus departamentos, a partir de la aplicación de técnicas de análisis de supervivencia con información de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud de 2015 (n=24,823). Los resultados indican que, después de 20 años, el 48 % de las uniones se disuelven. El mayor riesgo de separación se asocia con las cohortes más jóvenes, la unión libre, la urbanidad, la alta escolaridad, los calendarios tempranos de unión y las brechas de edad en donde la mujer tiene una edad similar o es mayor que su pareja. Por el contrario, los hijos e hijas en edades preescolares reducen dicho riesgo.
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Harshita, Harshita, Shveta Singh, and Surendra S. Yadav. "Calendar anomaly: unique evidence from the Indian stock market." Journal of Advances in Management Research 15, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-11-2016-0096.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the monthly seasonality in the Indian stock market after taking into consideration the market features of leptokurtosis, volatility clustering and the leverage effect. Design/methodology/approach Augmented Dickey-Fuller, Phillips-Perron and Kwaitkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin tests are deployed to check stationarity of the series. Autocorrelation function, partial autocorrelation function and Ljung-Box statistics are employed to check the applicability of volatility models. An exponential generalized auto regressive conditionally heteroskedastic model is deployed to test the seasonality, where the conditional mean equation is a switching model with dummy variables for each month of the year. Findings Though the financial year in India stretches from April to March, the stock market exhibits a November effect (returns in November are the highest). Cultural factors, misattribution bias and liquidity hypothesis seem to explain the phenomenon. Research limitations/implications The paper endeavors to provide a review of possible explanations behind month-of-the-year effect documented in literature in the past four decades. Further, the unique evidence from the Indian stock market supports the argument in the literature that monthly seasonality, by nature, may not be a consistent/robust phenomenon. Therefore, it needs to be examined from time to time. Originality/value As the seasonality in the stock market and resultant anomalies are dynamic phenomena, the paper reports the current seasonality/anomalies prevalent in the Indian market. This would aid investors in designing short-term investment portfolios (based on anomalies present) in order to earn abnormal returns.
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Fuller, C. J., and Penny Logan. "The Navarātri festival in Madurai." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 48, no. 1 (February 1985): 79–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00026987.
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Navarātri (Tam. Navarāttiri) is one of the most popular and important annual festivals in the south Indian city of Madurai. The same is true elsewhere in the state and, in somewhat different forms, the festival is also popular in many other regions of India, notably Bengal (where it is known as Durgā Pūjā) and Karnataka (where it is called Dasarā). Navarātri means ‘nine nights’ and throughout India the festival is celebrated on the first nine lunar days (tithi) of the bright fortnight (i.e. the fortnight ending on full moon) of the lunar month of āśvina. In the Tamil calendar, however, the year is divided into twelve solar months and Navarātri is said to occupy the nine lunar days beginning with the day after new moon in the solar month of puraṭṭāci (September-October). Very occasionally, the Tamil formula may supply the wrong date. In many years, the festival only lasts eight weekdays, as two lunar days may fall within one weekday. (In some parts of India, a Navarātri festival is celebrated in the spring, but that is not discussed here.)
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SHAKILA, BOLAR, PINTO PRAKASH, IQBAL THONSE HAWALDAR, CRISTI SPULBAR, and RAMONA BIRAU. "The holiday effects in stock returns: a challenge for the textile and clothing industry of India." Industria Textila 71, no. 04 (August 31, 2020): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.071.04.1710.
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This research paper examines the holiday effects presence on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), which is a major Indian stock exchange. Textile and clothing industry in India is one of the most important producers in the world, but also the second exporter of textile and apparels globally. The empirical analysis investigates the impact of holiday effect on the development of textile and clothing industry in India. The holiday effect is one of the most important calendar anomalies identified in the financial markets. The methodological approach includes the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test used to test the equality of means for different sub-sets. The findings revealed that the mean returns for pre-holiday and post holidays were greater compared to that of remaining days, but the empirical results showed that they were not statistically significant for selected stocks of BSE based on daily stock returns data for Ruby Mills and Mafatlal Industries
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Patel, Jayen B. "The Monthly Barometer Of The Indian Stock Market." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2013): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v13i1.8358.
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The January Barometer or the Other January effect suggests that January returns can predict future performance of the stock market. In this study, it is examined if any particular calendar month return can effectively be used as a monthly barometer to accurately predict future direction of the Indian stock market. The results indicate none of the calendar month returns has consistent ability to accurately predict the performance of the Indian stock market over the next twelve months. The accuracy of prediction did not substantially improve whether the predictor month had generated positive or negative returns. The results continue to remain remarkably consistent when the predictability accuracy was analyzed over time by examining the effect separately over years. The findings of this study clearly demonstrate that the Indian stock market does not possess a monthly barometer that can accurately predict future direction of the stock market.
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Tiwari, Manish, Rengaswamy Ramesh, Ravi Bhushan, B. L. K. Somayajulu, A. J. Timothy Jull, and George S. Burr. "Paleoproductivity Variations in the Equatorial Arabian Sea: Implications for East African and Indian Summer Rainfalls and the El Niño Frequency." Radiocarbon 48, no. 1 (2006): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200035360.
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We analyzed a sediment core from the equatorial Arabian Sea, chronologically constrained by accurate accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates on selected planktonic foraminiferal species, for paleoproductivity variations corresponding to the variations in the Indian Ocean Equatorial Westerlies (IEW). The IEW in turn are positively correlated to the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), which is a measure of El Niño, Southwest monsoon (SWM), and east African rainfall (EAR). The productivity data show that Indian and east African rainfalls declined from 35,000 calendar yr BP up to the last glacial maximum (LGM), with the maximum El Niño frequency during the last glacial period. From ∼14,500 to ∼2000 calendar yr BP (i.e. core top), we find strengthening SWM and EAR along with declining El Niño frequency.
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Marshack, Alexander. "A Lunar-Solar Year Calendar Stick from North America." American Antiquity 50, no. 1 (January 1985): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280632.
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The microscopic and sequential analysis of an early nineteenth-century American Indian calendar stick documents the notation of a precise, non-arithmetic, observational lunar year of twelve months with the evidence for added, subsidiary months suggesting the use of a thirteenth intercalary month every three years to bring the calendar into phase with the solar tropical year. The calendar stick is the most complex astronomical-calendric, problem-solving device known from the Americas outside of the high Mesoamerican and Andean Civilizations, but it is not derived from these late traditions. The analysis suggests the presence of an underlying observational conceptual base that may have come into the Americas from Asia.
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Akbar, Reza. "SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN ILMU FALAK DALAM PERADABAN INDIA DAN KETERKAITANNYA DENGAN ISLAM." Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura 17, no. 1 (August 1, 2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v17i1.1511.
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Although it is acknowledged that Islamic astronomy developed very rapidly during the Abbasid period (750-1258 AD), it should be noted that before the advancement of astronomy of the Islamic world, Muslim scholars of the time were very incentive to translate astronomical books from other nations, one of them was from India. There were at least two factors that led to the emergence and development of astronomical science in pre-Islamic Indian civilization. The first, the teachings of Hinduism that made the sun as the ruler and source of life. The second, the influence of civilization from other nations such as Egypt, Persia, and Greece. In pre-Islamic times, there were a number of names of historical figures of Indian astronomy namely Lagadha, Yajnavalkya (800-900 BC), Aitareya Brahmana (about 900-800 BC), Aryabhata (476-550 AD), Varahamihira (499-587 AD) Brahmagupta (598-668 AD), Bhaskara II (1114-1185 AD), and Nilakantha Somayaji (1444-1544 AD). While in Islam, there was a number of names namely Mulla Farid, Mulla Chand, Mulla Tayyib, Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri (1606-1651 AD), Ghulam Hussain Jaunpuri (1790-1862 AD) and others. The results of civilization of Indian astronomy is clearly visible with the ancient astronomical texts, the concept of the universe, the Hindu calendar, observatory, zij (astronomical tables), and astronomical tools such as gnomon, Yasti Yantra, Ghati Yantra, astrolabe, and others.
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Iwaniszewska, Cecylia. "Methods of Popularizing Astronomy in Various Countries." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 98 (1988): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100092952.
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AbstractSome interesting methods of popularizing astronomy in various countries were reviewed, and may be divided into two types: active and passive methods. Active methods include: 1.Astronomy in the countryside. Astronomical camps for both children and grownups, who normally live in towns, to learn basic astronomical facts. (Italy)2.Astro-puppets. Visitors to an observatory are greeted by puppets (Copernicus, Galileo, etc.) who not only give talks, but also converse with the audience. (Argentina)3.Hand-operated devices. A simple orrery showing the movement of the Earth, and other devices that viewers operate for themselves. (India)4.Graphical calendars. Several popular observatories collaborate to produce a yearly calendar showing planetary rising and setting times, etc. (Czechoslovakia)5.Amateur clubs. High-school and university students became so interested in astronomy that they formed their own group and now produce a magazine and carry out observing, etc. in a country where there is no professional astronomical institution. (Paraguay)6.An interdisciplinary approach. Various meetings and workshops are arranged to bring together astronomy, physics, biology, geology, etc., leading to a better understanding of modern science. (Japan)7.Astronomical competitions. Everything from children’s drawings to special tests and papers, sometimes connected with special events. Also awards for the best work of popularization in a given year. (Worldwide)Passive methods are far more traditional, and include planetarium shows, including special ones for pilgrims (India); special exhibitions; radio and television programmes; public lectures; popular magazines usually edited for special groups of readers. Finally, what about humorous astronomical stories or pictures, is that active or passive?
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Bhatti, Zahid, Asad Ghufran, and Fakhra Nazir. "Seasonal Population Fluctuations in Some Non-Passeriformes at Marala Head, Pakistan." Journal of Bioresource Management 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35691/jbm.0202.0120.
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Point count method was used to determine the relative abundance of non-passerine species at Marala wetlands (District Sialkot, Pakistan) during different calendar months between October, 2000 and September, 2001. Six species (Hoopoe, Lapwing, Spotted Owlet, Osprey, Indian Roller and Indian Nightjar) were recorded. Osprey and Spotted Owlet appearing in smaller numbers and Red Wattled Lapwing as a dominant resident. All the species were resident with some variation in population sizes during different seasons, though Osprey was a winter visitor.
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Malhotra, Nidhi, Harsh Purohit, and Sakshi Saxena. "Diminishing calendar anomalies: case of Indian equity markets." Global Business and Economics Review 24, no. 1 (2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/gber.2021.10033196.
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Saxena, Sakshi, Harsh Purohit, and Nidhi Malhotra. "Diminishing calendar anomalies: case of Indian equity markets." Global Business and Economics Review 24, no. 1 (2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/gber.2021.111999.
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Kumar, Satish, and Rajesh Pathak. "Do the calendar anomalies still exist? Evidence from Indian currency market." Managerial Finance 42, no. 2 (February 8, 2016): 136–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-05-2015-0146.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the presence of the day-of-the-week (DOW) and January effect in the Indian currency market for selected currency pairs; USD-(Indian rupee) INR, EUR-INR, GBP-INR and JPY-INR, from January, 1999 to December, 2014. Design/methodology/approach – Ordinary least square regression analysis is used to examine the presence of DOW and January effect to test the efficiency of the Indian currency market. The sample period is later divided into two sub-periods, that is, pre- and post-2008 to capture the behavior of returns before and after the 2008 financial crisis. Further, the authors also use the non-parametric technique, the Kruskal-Wallis test, to provide robustness check for the results. Findings – The results indicate that the returns during Monday to Wednesday are positive and higher than the returns on Thursday and Friday which show negative returns. The returns during January are found to be higher than the returns during rest of the year. Further, all currencies exhibit significant DOW and January effects in pre-crisis period, however, post-crisis; these effects disappear for all currencies indicating that the markets have become more efficient in the later time. The findings can be further attributed to the increased intervention in the forex markets by the Reserve Bank of India after the crisis. Practical implications – The results have important implications for both traders and investors. The findings suggest that the investors might not be able to earn excess profits by timing their positions in some particular currencies taking the advantage of DOW or January effect which in turn indicates that the currency markets have become more efficient with time. The results are in conformity with those reported for the developed markets. The results might be appealing to the practitioners as well in a way that they can consider the state of financial market for financial decision making. Originality/value – The authors provide the first study to examine the calendar anomalies (DOW and January effect) across a range of emerging currencies using 16 years of data from January, 1999 to December, 2014. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study has yet examined these calendar anomalies in the currency markets using data which covers two important periods, pre-2008 and post-2008.
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Sanil Kumar, V., and M. Anjali Nair. "Inter-annual variations in wave spectral characteristics at a location off the central west coast of India." Annales Geophysicae 33, no. 2 (February 3, 2015): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-159-2015.
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Abstract. The inter-annual variations in wave spectrum are examined based on the wave data measured at 9 m water depth off the central west coast of India from 2009 to 2012 using a wave rider buoy. The temporal variation of the spectral energy density over a calendar year indicates similar variation in all the four years studied. The inter-annual variations in wave spectrum are observed in all months with larger variations during January to February, May and October to November due to the changes in wind-sea. The seasonal average wave spectrum during the monsoon (June–September) is single-peaked and the swell component is high in 2011 compared to other years. The annual averaged wave spectrum had higher peak energy during 2011 due to the higher spectral energy present during the monsoon period. During the non-monsoon period, two peaks are predominantly observed in the wave spectra; with the average peak at 0.07 Hz corresponding to the swells from the Indian Ocean and another at 0.17 Hz due to the local wind field.
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Adhikari, Chandan Singh, and J. K. Sachdeva. "Short Term Exchange Rate Fluctuations in India: An Exploratory Study." Journal of Global Economy 12, no. 1 (March 22, 2016): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v12i1.419.
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This paper does an exploratory analysis of factors responsible for the volatile fluctuations in the exchage rate of Indian rupee duirng the calendar year of 2013. The series Exchange Rate (RBI Reference Rate), MIBOR Rate, Crude Oil Pirce, Foreign Reserves, Gold rate and Nifty were found to be cointegrated and long run and short relationships have been explored by VECM.
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Hengstermann, Mayarí, Anaité Díaz-Artiga, Roberto Otzóy-Sucúc, Ana Laura Maria Ruiz-Aguilar, Lisa M. Thompson, Vigneswari Aravindalochanan, Kalpana Balakrishnan, et al. "Developing Visual Messages to Support Liquefied Petroleum Gas Use in Intervention Homes in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Trial in Rural Guatemala." Health Education & Behavior 48, no. 5 (March 18, 2021): 651–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198121996280.
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Background Household air pollution adversely affects human health and the environment, yet more than 40% of the world still depends on solid cooking fuels. The House Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) randomized controlled trial is assessing the health effects of a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove and 18-month supply of free fuel in 3,200 households in rural Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda. Aims We conducted formative research in Guatemala to create visual messages that support the sustained, exclusive use of LPG in HAPIN intervention households. Method We conducted ethnographic research, including direct observation ( n = 36), in-depth ( n = 18), and semistructured ( n = 6) interviews, and 24 focus group discussions ( n = 96) to understand participants’ experience with LPG. Sixty participants were selected from a pilot study of LPG stove and 2-months of free fuel to assess the acceptability and use of LPG. Emergent themes were used to create visual messages based on observations and interviews in 40 households; messages were tested and revised in focus group discussions with 20 households. Results We identified 50 codes related to household air pollution and stoves; these were reduced into 24 themes relevant to LPG stoves, prioritizing 12 for calendars. Messages addressed fear and reluctance to use LPG; preference of wood stoves for cooking traditional foods; sustainability and accessibility of fuel; association between health outcomes and household air pollution; and the need for inspirational and aspirational messages. Discussion We created a flip chart and calendar illustrating themes to promote exclusive LPG use in HAPIN intervention households.
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Kumar, Satish. "Turn-of-month effect in the Indian currency market." International Journal of Managerial Finance 11, no. 2 (April 7, 2015): 232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-05-2014-0068.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the presence of the turn-of-month effect in the Indian currency market for selected currency pairs: USD-INR, EUR-INR, GBP-INR and JPY-INR, from January 1999 to April 2014. Design/methodology/approach – Ordinary least square regression analysis is used to examine the presence of the turn-of-month effect and to test the efficiency of the Indian currency market. The characteristics of the returns during the turn-of-month days are compared with that of the non-turn-of-month trading days. The sample period is later divided into two sub-periods, that is, pre- and post-2008 to capture the behavior of returns before and after the 2008 financial crisis. Findings – The results indicate the existence of pricing patterns which are unique to individual currencies. For the entire sample period, USD and JPY exhibit turn-of-month effect and the returns in turn-of-month trading days are significantly lower than the returns during non-turn-of-month trading days. For the sub-period before 2008, all the currencies exhibit significant turn-of-month effects and the returns in the turn-of-month trading days are significantly lower than those in the non-turn-of-month trading days. However, post-2008; this effect vanishes for all the currencies except for USD. Practical implications – The results have important implications for both traders and investors. The findings suggest that the investors might not be able to earn excess profits by timing their positions in some particular currencies taking the advantage of turn-of-month effect which in turn indicates that the currency markets have become more efficient with time. The results are in conformity with those reported for the developed markets. Originality/value – To the best of the author’s knowledge, no study has yet examined these calendar anomalies in the currency markets using data which covers two important periods, pre-2008 and post-2008. Therefore, we provide a pioneer study in which we analyze the calendar anomalies in an emerging currency market (India) by segregating the data before and after 2008 financial crisis.
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Andrew, Robbie M. "Timely estimates of India's annual and monthly fossil CO<sub>2</sub> emissions." Earth System Science Data 12, no. 4 (October 8, 2020): 2411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2411-2020.
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Abstract. India is the world's third-largest emitter of carbon dioxide and is developing rapidly. While India has pledged an emissions-intensity reduction as its contribution to the Paris Agreement, the country does not regularly report emissions statistics, making tracking progress difficult. Moreover, all estimates of India's emissions in global datasets represent its financial year, which is not aligned to the calendar year used by almost all other countries. Here I compile monthly energy and industrial activity data allowing for the estimation of India's CO2 emissions by month and calendar year with a short lag. Emissions show clear seasonal patterns, and the series allows for the investigation of short-lived but highly significant events, such as the near-record monsoon in 2019 and the COVID-19 crisis in 2020. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3894394 (Andrew, 2020a).
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Mapes, Brian E., Ping Liu, and Nikolaus Buenning. "Indian Monsoon Onset and the Americas Midsummer Drought: Out-of-Equilibrium Responses to Smooth Seasonal Forcing." Journal of Climate 18, no. 7 (April 1, 2005): 1109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-3310.1.
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Abstract Two dominant high-frequency features of Northern Hemisphere summer climatology are examined in an atmosphere–land general circulation model (AGCM): the sudden onset of rains in south Asia, and the midsummer rainfall minimum in the tropical Americas. A control simulation succeeds in capturing these observed features fairly well. A slowed-calendar experiment is performed, to see whether these features are close to equilibrium with seasonally evolving forcings (orbital geometry and SST). The results indicate that some lag (disequilbrium) within the AGCM delays south Asian onset by about a month, from May in the experiment when seasonal forcing evolves extremely slowly to June in the normal, full-speed seasonal cycle. Disequilibrium also acts to delay and limit the amplitude of the Americas midsummer drought, and the associated intrusion of the Atlantic subtropical high into the Intra-Americas Seas’ region. It is hypothesized that early summer (centered on the solstice) temperature over mid- and high-latitude continents, which differs greatly between experiment and control, drives the low-latitude rainfall differences. A more mysterious pole-to-pole, annual-mean, zonal wave-1 difference is also found in the slowed-calendar experiment.
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Sarma, S. N. "Stock Market Seasonality in an Emerging Market." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 29, no. 3 (July 2004): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920040303.
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The objective of this paper is to explore the day-of-the-week effect on the Indian stock market returns in the post-reform era. Till the late seventies, empirical studies provided ample evidence as to the informational efficiency of the capital markets advocating futility of information in consistently generating abnormal returns. However, later studies identified certain anomalies in the efficient market postulate. One major anomaly brought forth was the calendar-related abnormal rates of return. Various studies in this domain empirically demonstrated, through parametric and non-parametric tests on the stock returns data, that turn of the year, month, week, and holidays have consistently generated abnormal equity returns in both the developed and emerging markets unrelated to the attendant risks. Studies on the Indian stock markets' calendar anomalies, especially in the post-reform era, are very few. In an attempt to fill this gap, this study explores the Indian stock market's efficiency in the 'weak form' in the context of calendar anomalies, especially in respect of the weekend effect. Daily returns generated by the SENSEX, NATEX, and BSE200 during January 1st 1996 to August 10th 2002 comprising a total of 1,667 observations for each of the indices are considered for testing the seasonality. While most of the studies have considered the returns of one of the major indices based on the closing values, this study examines the multiple indices for possible seasonality. An analysis of returns' pattern of multiple indices is helpful in identifying the presence or otherwise of the stock market seasonality associated with various portfolios and for testing the efficacy of investment game based on the observed patterns of the returns. This study employed the daily mean index value for generating the daily returns to relax the implied assumption of the earlier studies — by considering the closing values of the indices — that trading is done at the closing values. A non-parametric test — Kruskall-Wallis test using 'H' statistic — is employed for testing the seasonality in the Indian stock market returns. The null hypothesis tested is that there are no differences in the mean daily returns across the weekdays. The major findings of the study are as follows: The Indian stock markets do manifest seasonality in their returns' pattern. The Monday-Tuesday, Monday-Friday, and Wednesday-Friday sets have positive deviations for all the indices. The Monday-Friday set for all the indices has the highest positive deviation thereby indicating the presence of opportunity to make consistent abnormal returns through a trading strategy of buying on Mondays and selling on Fridays. The above-mentioned active strategy is found to be beneficial in case of SENSEX The above-mentioned active strategy is found to be beneficial in case of SENSEX alone during the study period while for the others — NATEX and BSE200 — a passive ‘buy and hold’ strategy is more effective. The study concludes that the observed patterns are useful in timing the deals thereby exploring the opportunity of exploiting the observed regularities in the Indian stock market returns.
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Uberoi, Patricia. "Gods in the Bazaar: The Economies of Indian Calendar Art." Australian Journal of Anthropology 20, no. 3 (December 2009): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-6547.2009.00048.x.
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Uberoi, Patricia. "‘Unity in diversity?’ Dilemmas of nationhood in Indian calendar art." Contributions to Indian Sociology 36, no. 1-2 (February 2002): 191–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/006996670203600107.
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Kolachana, Aditya, Clemency Montelle, Jambugahapitiye Dhammaloka, Keshav Melnad, K. Mahesh, Pravesh Vyas, K. Ramasubramanian, MS Sriram, and Venketeswara Pai. "The Candrārkī of Dinakara: A Text Related to Solar and Lunar Tables." Journal for the History of Astronomy 49, no. 3 (August 2018): 306–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021828618787556.
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A set of tables devoted to the sun and the moon, titled the Candrārkī (“Related to the moon and sun”), was compiled in Sanskrit by Indian astronomer Dinakara along with a short accompanying text, intended to give guidance on how to construct a calendar ( pañcāṅga) for any desired year and geographical circumstances. The epoch of this table-text is 9 April 1578. We present here an edition of the text, a literal translation, and detailed technical commentary.
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NIDUMOLU, U. B., P. T. HAYMAN, Z. HOCHMAN, H. HORAN, D. R. REDDY, G. SREENIVAS, and D. M. KADIYALA. "Assessing climate risks in rainfed farming using farmer experience, crop calendars and climate analysis." Journal of Agricultural Science 153, no. 8 (April 29, 2015): 1380–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859615000283.
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SUMMARYClimate risk assessment in cropping is generally undertaken in a top-down approach using climate records while critical farmer experience is often not accounted for. In the present study, set in south India, farmer experience of climate risk is integrated in a bottom-up participatory approach with climate data analysis. Crop calendars are used as a boundary object to identify and rank climate and weather risks faced by smallhold farmers. A semi-structured survey was conducted with experienced farmers whose income is predominantly from farming. Interviews were based on a crop calendar to indicate the timing of key weather and climate risks. The simple definition of risk as consequence × likelihood was used to establish the impact on yield as consequence and chance of occurrence in a 10-year period as likelihood. Farmers’ risk experience matches well with climate records and risk analysis. Farmers’ rankings of ‘good’ and ‘poor’ seasons also matched up well with their independently reported yield data. On average, a ‘good’ season yield was 1·5–1·65 times higher than a ‘poor’ season. The main risks for paddy rice were excess rains at harvesting and flowering and deficit rains at transplanting. For cotton, farmers identified excess rain at harvest, delayed rains at sowing and excess rain at flowering stages as events that impacted crop yield and quality. The risk assessment elicited from farmers complements climate analysis and provides some indication of thresholds for studies on climate change and seasonal forecasts. The methods and analysis presented in the present study provide an experiential bottom-up perspective and a methodology on farming in a risky rainfed climate. The methods developed in the present study provide a model for end-user engagement by meteorological agencies that strive to better target their climate information delivery.
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Kinateder, Harald, Kimberly Weber, and Niklas Wagner. "REVISITING CALENDAR ANOMALIES IN BRICS COUNTRIES." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 22, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 213–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v22i2.1092.
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We use a GARCH-dummy approach to analyze the influence of calendar anomalies on conditional daily returns and risk for BRICS countries’ stock markets during 1996 to 2018. The month-of-the-year (MOY), turn-of-the-month (TOM), day-of-the-week (DOW), and holiday effects are investigated. The most striking DOW effect is given for Tuesdays. The TOM effect is validated, while we interestingly find no evidence of a January effect. A general holiday effect is not documented, but the Indian market shows a significant pre- and a post-holiday effect, the Chinese market is anomalous before public holidays and the South African market is affected after holidays only.
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Kolachana, Aditya, Clemency Montelle, Jambugahapitiye Dhammaloka, Keshav Melnad, Mahesh K, Pravesh Vyas, Krishnamurthi Ramasubramanian, M. S. Sriram, and Venketeswara Pai. "A Critical Edition of the Candrārkī of Dinakara." History of Science in South Asia 6 (August 14, 2018): 127–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18732/hssa.v6i0.35.
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A set of tables devoted to solar and lunar phenomena entitled the Candrārkī was prepared in Sanskrit by the sixteenth-century Indian astronomer Dinakara. Along with the tables, Dinakara composed a short accompanying text which instructed the user how to extract and manipulate the tabular data to construct their own calendar for any desired year and geographical circumstances. The work proved to be popular. Based on a small fraction of the extant manuscripts, we present a critical edition of the text together with a discussion of the challenges raised while preparing the edition.
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Singh, Shikta, and Chandrabhanu Das. "Calendar Anomalies in the Banking and it Index: The Indian Experience." Asian Economic and Financial Review 10, no. 4 (2020): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2020.104.439.448.
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Hegde, Radha Sarma,. "Gods in the Bazaar: The Economies of Indian Calendar Art (review)." Anthropological Quarterly 81, no. 1 (2008): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/anq.2008.0010.
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Harshita, Shveta Singh, and Surendra S. Yadav. "Unique Calendar Effects in the Indian Stock Market: Evidence and Explanations." Journal of Emerging Market Finance 18, no. 1_suppl (April 2019): S35—S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972652719831549.
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Covering 20 years (1995–2015), the article ascertains the presence of the month-of-the-year effect in the Indian stock market, for the raw returns series as well as after adjusting for non-linearities of the market. Whether the effect is the same for portfolios of different sizes and values is also ascertained. The threshold generalised autoregressive conditionally heteroskedastic (TGARCH) model is employed to address non-linearity. The results suggest the presence of higher returns in November/December at the index level. Further, only firms with a size smaller than the average exhibit seasonality in the form of the April/May and November/December effect. The value-sorted portfolios exhibit weaker evidence of the December effect. Tax-loss selling, window dressing and behavioural aspects seem to provide the explanation. JEL Classification: C58, G14
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CHATTERJEE, UMA, and RAJIB ACHARYA. "SEASONAL VARIATION OF BIRTHS IN RURAL WEST BENGAL: MAGNITUDE, DIRECTION AND CORRELATES." Journal of Biosocial Science 32, no. 4 (October 2000): 443–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000004430.
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This paper examines seasonal variation of births in a rural community of West Bengal, India, by exploring data from the 1992–93 National Family Health Survey. Suitable time series analyses were used to determine the seasonal pattern of births and to estimate peaks. The trigonometric regression technique was used to carry out this objective. The study attempted to link the results of the regression analysis to the atmospheric temperature of the region during 1987–91, the distribution of respondents’ husbands’ occupations and the marriage pattern of the community. It was found that, in the study population, conceptions were numerous in the first quarter of a calendar year and the distribution of conceptions over calendar months was negatively associated with the average monthly temperature. In addition, the marriage pattern of the community and the occupational distribution of the fathers also had a significant effect on the distribution of births over calendar months. It is hoped that the findings will boost the development of needs-based maternal and child health (MCH) and family planning programmes in the community.
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Varakantham, Varsha, Ashok Kumar Kurakula Sailoo, and Dinesh Kumar Bharatraj. "Antihypertensive Prescription Pattern and Compliance to JNC 7 and JNC 8 at Tertiary Care Government Hospital, Hyderabad, India: A Cross-sectional Retrospective Study." Hospital Pharmacy 53, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018578717738080.
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Background: The monitoring of hypertension treatment can provide insight into the rational drug use pattern. The objective of this study was to examine the antihypertensive medication use among South Indian adults with hypertension in compliance with the hypertension treatment guidelines (Seventh Joint National Committee [JNC 7] and JNC 8). Methods and Results: A total of 550 hypertensive people aged >25 years were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. The order of drugs prescribed in the year 2012 was beta blockers (BB) > calcium channel blockers (CCB) > CCB + BB > angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) > angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) > thiazide diuretics, whereas in the year 2014, the order has changed drastically, namely, ACEI > CCB > ARB > BB > thiazide diuretics ( P < .001). Most notably, there was a large increase in the use of monotherapy (from 56.9% to 82.5%, P < .001). The usage of BB has simply moved from the first position to the last position in concordance with JNC 8 guidelines, whereas use of thiazide diuretics was found to be the least preferred drug in the 2012 prescriptions, thus deviating from JNC 7 guidelines. The use of generic names (28.3% vs 11.3%) and National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) compliance (79.3% vs 60.9%) were significantly more in the calendar year 2012 than in the calendar year 2014 ( P < .001). Conclusions: Antihypertensive medication use has gone through wide variations among south Indian adults with hypertension. Combination therapy regimens must be adopted as per the guidelines for achievement of blood pressure goals.
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Maniar, H. "Contingency Management in Indian Construction Projects." Journal of Construction Business and Management 4, no. 2 (December 4, 2020): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/jcbm.4.2.840.
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The successful completion of Indian construction projects possesses an inherent uncertainty due to the nature of the construction industry along with prevailing tepid recovery of the Indian economy, which has made it difficult for construction companies to achieve required operational and financial performance. This necessitates having accurate project cost estimation and efficient contingency management to shield unknown project risk and address cost overrun problems. Therefore, this study aims to assess the current state, the issues faced in contingency management and evaluating the effectiveness of contingency in overcoming cost overrun problems in Indian construction companies. The study preferred a quantitative approach in capturing the required data by using structured questionnaires collected from 100 Indian construction companies (of contractors, vendors/suppliers, customers, and consultants) out of 335 companies with a response rate of 29.85%. This, along with archival data analysis of 50 Indian construction projects completed between Calendar Year (CY) 2014 to 2019. The captured data were analysed using simple statistical tools like Relative Importance Index (RII), mean score, standard deviation and ranking methods to ensure relevant results aligned with research objectives. The result findings of the study revealed that 60% of Indian construction companies preferred the traditional percentage method for contingency sum percentage addition to estimated project cost (a subjective approach based on the historical project performance) which may not be adequate in overcoming cost overrun problems. Archival data analysis found that contingency consideration was effective in accommodating cost overrun problems in 9 (18%) projects out of 50 projects. The study further found that contingency was utilised in an unplanned mode and having unclear contingency forecasting strategies. Based on result findings and observations, this study concludes that contingency should be estimated based on the scientific approach in place of a subjective approach to address project risks adequately, this along contingency consideration should be an integral part of the project risk assessment and should be effectively utilised during the execution stage.
Keywords: Contingency, Cost Overruns, Indian Construction Projects, Operational and Financial Performance, Project Risk.