Relevant bibliographies by topics / Indian Contract Act, 1872 (India)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Indian Contract Act, 1872 (India)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 12 December 2022

Last updated: 27 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Indian Contract Act, 1872 (India)"

Upadhyay, Saman Narayan. "Legal Consequences of a Minors Agreement in India." Business Law Review 35, Issue 4 (August 1, 2014): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2014023.

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Our daily life is surrounded by agreements, whether we realize it or not. From breakfast to supper we make a number of agreements, irrespective of our ability to do so. For example, the transfer of property through sale, mortgage, lease, exchange, or gift, the formation of partnerships and companies, performing arbitration, mediation, negotiation and conciliation, registering patents, copyrights, intellectual properties, the execution of negotiable instruments, insurances and various services. When the agreement is made by a competent person then it is recognized and protected by law; while in the case of an incompetent party (particularly a minor) it lacks such recognition and protection by law (vide sections 10 and 11 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872). A minor's agreement stands void ab initio (Mohiri Bibee, 1903 PC), hence a minor is discharged from the contractual obligations. But under several laws, such as the TPA, the Sales of Goods Act, the Partnership Act, the Companies Act and the Insurance Laws etc. a minor is allowed to be a beneficiary through the contract created thereunder. Though the Indian Contract Act, 1872, does not allow a minor directly to be a beneficiary, even through judicial pronouncements, this gap has been filled. On the contrary the situation is not clear where this minor is fraudulent. Accordingly the consequence of a minor's agreement in terms of nature and effects is not clear under the Indian Contract Act, 1872, or under the Specific Relief Act, 1963. This legislative gap under the Act of 1872was what attracted to the author to do the analytical research deploying doctrinal research methodology applying null hypothesis. This article has been divided into sections. Under section 2 the formal introduction of agreement and contract is discussed with its essentials, section 3 concerns the legislative gap pertaining to the consequences of a minor's agreement, section 4 examines the fulfilment of the legislative gap through judicial pronouncement and section 5 contains the conclusion with suggestions.

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Ashtaputre, Shrirang, Manasi Joglekar, and Asyaffa Ridzqi Amandha. "Enforceability of Restrictive Covenants in Employment Contracts: Comparing India and Indonesia." Law Research Review Quarterly 8, no. 3 (August 4, 2022): 403–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lrrq.v8i3.57644.

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In contemporary times, one of the fundamentals that bind and guide any professional relationship is a contract and throughout the negotiations, the parties to it try to assert their interests for ensuring gains. In this process, quite often, several clauses are inserted for ensuring greater exploitation without greater investments and this is witnessed quite often in India and Indonesia, especially in employer-employee contracts. Referred to as restrictive covenants, the Indian Courts have often interpreted the Indian Contract Act 1872 in a progressive fashion, duly preventing the employee from being reduced to a bonded labourer, on numerous occasions. But this does not mean that in all the situations, such covenants are impermissible—the extent to which an employer can restrict the employee for maintaining confidentiality andprotecting trade secrets among other things is what is largely determined by the Courts. Furthermore, in Indonesian context, the contract law stipulated not only in Article 1313 Indonesian Civil Code, but also in various acts such as Indonesian Emplopyment Act 2003 and Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021 concerning Work Agreements for Certain Time, Outsourcing, Working Time and Rest Time, and Termination of Employment. Discussing and comparing the stance of the Indian Judiciary and Indonesian contract system on such restrictive covenants, the Authors, through the medium of this paper seek to shed light on the extent to which they are enforceable and, in the circumstances, where they are valid. In a nutshell, the Authors seek to warn the employers to refrain from engaging in such practices which are likely to harm the principles of humanism enshrined in the Constitution and alert the employee of the scope of their duties towards the employer.

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M. Chauhan, R. Prajapati, and S. Rao. "A study of merger & acquisition on the performance of a firm: An evidence of Indian companies across diversified industries." Prayukti – Journal of Management Applications 02, no. 02 (2022): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52814/pjma.2022.2202.

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Merger and acquisition is not a new concept in the business world. The first wave of mergers took place between 1803-1904. India has appeared as one of the most favored emerging market destinations for M&A deals over the last decades(Gupta,2014) due to the growing opportunities and availability of resources. In the past two years, the Indian market witnessed a lot of turbulence due to GST (Good and Service tax), demonetization, and presently due to the outbreak of global pandemic Covid-19. In India, mergers and acquisitions are being governed by the Companies Act, 2013 for the general framework, Indian Contract Act, 1872 for contract and rights of the parties, the Specific Relief Act, 1963 for remedies on breach of contract. In this paper, five companies were chosen from different industries to check the effect of mergers using six financial parameters which are: Current Ratio, Net Profit Ratio, Price to Earnings Ratio, Earnings per Share, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Asset Turnover Ratio. The study period ranges from 2011 to 2021. Shapiro-Wilks test was done to check the normality of the data and Wilcoxon Paired Sign-Rank Test was computed for dataset not following a normal distribution. Paired sample T-test was used to check the existence of positive or negative impact post-merger. This paper strives to find out the prevailing scenario of M&A worldwide and also to know the overall performance of the selected companies post-merger. Through this paper, we come to know that merger and acquisition is not always a good option. The majority of the companies faced a significant amount of loss after the merger. The findings directed varied results.

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SWAMINATHAN, Shivprasad. "Eclipsed by Orthodoxy: The Vanishing Point of Consideration and the Forgotten Ingenuity of the Indian Contract Act 1872." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 12, no. 1 (May 2, 2017): 141–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2017.5.

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AbstractThe definition of consideration in Section 2(d) of the Indian Contract Act 1872 substantially anticipated the far-reaching reforms to the orthodox doctrine of consideration that were proposed by the English Law Revision Committee (1937). These included making enforceable, through the doctrine of promissory estoppel, promises without consideration in the traditional sense that were meant to and did induce reliance; making enforceable a promise to perform a pre-existing duty; and making binding a promise to keep an offer open. The pivots of the definition in Section 2(d) were: a ‘subjective’ conception of consideration on which value was to be measured by the desire of the contractors alone, as opposed to an external standard; a concomitant purging of the traditional requirements of benefit and detriment; and the recognition of induced reliance as a form of consideration. The definition was designed to mark the vanishing point of consideration without having to formally abolish it. This design, however, went awry as courts and scholars in India projected the orthodox English model of consideration, replete with benefit and detriment, and external standards of value, upon this provision. Consequently, an ingenious piece of draftsmanship came to be eclipsed by orthodoxy.

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Swaminathan, Shivprasad. "De-inventing the Wheel: Liquidated Damages, Penalties and the Indian Contract Act, 1872." Chinese Journal of Comparative Law 6, no. 1 (May 10, 2018): 103–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjcl/cxy001.

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Swaminathan, Shivprasad. "The Will Theorist’s Mailbox: Misunderstanding the Moment of Contract Formation in the Indian Contract Act, 1872." Statute Law Review 39, no. 1 (May 26, 2016): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmw029.

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Nair, Manjusha. "Differences in Workers' Narratives of Contention in Two Central Indian Towns." International Labor and Working-Class History 79, no. 1 (2011): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547910000323.

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AbstractContract work in India, though legally regulated by a 1970 Act, is widespread and mostly unrecognized. With the implementation of neoliberal policies in India since the 1990s, contract work has become the norm. There are now few spaces in which contract workers can get redress through the legal system. Using oral history narratives of contract workers' participation in a labor movement, this article shows how narratives of contention differ in the rendering of agency, success, and future, between one group of contract workers employed in the 1970s in a state-owned mine and another employed in the 1990s in an industrial area owned by private and foreign capital. The evidence for the article is ethnographic, collected in Chhattisgarh region in central India. This article suggests that these workers' narratives show the transformation in practices of citizenship, resistance, and militancy in India over time. Such differences are essential in understanding phenomena like the resurgence of the Maoist movement in Chhattisgarh.

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Rai, Ravi Kumar. "PROTECTION AGAINST SELF-INCRIMINATION AS A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT IN INDIA." Dogo Rangsang Research Journal 12, no. 09 (2022): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36893/drsr.2022.v12i09n03.77-81.

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The Latin adage "Nemon tenetur seipsum accusare"—which translates to "No man is required to accuse himself"—is the earliest example of the right against self-incrimination in mediaeval Roman Catholic law. Through objections against the inquisitorial and blatantly unfair techniques employed to question suspects in the mediaeval times in England, the right gradually developed in common law. One of the cornerstones of the British System of Criminal Law was "no person shall be compelled in any case to be a witness against himself," which the United States of America adopted and included in their Constitution. This principle was later incorporated into the Indian Constitution under Article 20(3). The Constitution (Fourty-fourth Amendment) Act of 1978 gave Article 20 of the Indian Constitution non-derogable status. This means that under no circumstances, not even in an emergency, can the state fail to protect this right. “This exemplifies the importance that our Constitution has placed on it. Throughout the early years of our Constitution, there has been considerable misunderstanding over what evidence is protected, and there has appeared to be a conflict between Article 20(3) and the provisions of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. be a witness against himself and thereafter under Article 20 of the Indian Constitution.” 1 The Apex Court received these judgments and referred them to an eleven-judge panel after clubbing them.

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Borpatragohain, R. C. "Safeguarding the Dignity of Women under the Criminal Law Amendment Act 2013-A Critical Analysis." Space and Culture, India 1, no. 2 (November 28, 2013): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v1i2.30.

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This viewpoint aims to analyse the Criminal Law Amendment Act 2013 from a legal perspective. In doing so, it discusses the statutory safeguards of rights to a dignified life of a woman by analysing the various existing laws, which have been significantly amended to build the Criminal Act, 2013. These laws are: Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860; Indian Evidence Act 1872, Code of Criminal Procedure as amended in 1973, Immoral Trafficking Prevention Act 1956, Information Technology Act 2000, The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2000, The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005, The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012, The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act 2013. In the conclusion, I urge that although efficient laws are in operation in India towards protecting the right to live with dignity of women, however, incidents of violence against women are on the rise. Hence, a concerted effort in bringing appropriate attitudinal change is the task ahead for all Indians.

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Sudalai Moni, T. "Political and Social Status of Women in Pre and Post Independent India." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i2.3289.

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Women’s involvement in socio-political life is a desideratum for the progress of not only the women folk but also the development of the nation as a whole. During ancient and medieval times, women from orthodox families actively participated in social activities, but their overall position and status gradually deteriorated. The Modern era meant for women ushered in during the dawn of the 19th century when social reformers paid special attention to enhance the social status of women. For instance, the promulgation of the Widow Remarriage Act, implementation of the Civil Marriage Act 1872 mentions a few of them. Ever since the formation of the Indian National Congress, several remarkable changes took place in the socio-political status.Moreover, women franchise induced their effective participation in the Freedom Movement of India. They were accorded equal political status on par with men only after independence, which has been enshrined and enumerated in the provisions of fundamental rights of the Indian constitution. In the new millennium, there has been constant demand to accord 33 percentages of reservations to enhance the status of women in the political arena as well as to increase their social statues. This paper attempts to indicate the socio-political status of women over the period in the Indian context during the Pre and Post Independent India.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Indian Contract Act, 1872 (India)"

Tofaris, Stelios. "A historical study of the Indian Contract Act 1872." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283876.

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Books on the topic "Indian Contract Act, 1872 (India)"

Dutt, Asoka C. Dutt on contract: The Indian Contract Act, 1872. 7th ed. Calcutta: Eastern Law House, 1990.

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Row, T. V. Sanjiva. Sanjiva Row's commentary on the Indian Contract Act, 1872 and tenders (Act No. IX of 1872). Delhi: Delhi Law House, 2009.

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1845-1937, Pollock Frederick, and Mulla Dinshah Fardunji 1868-1934, eds. The Indian contract and specific relief acts. Haryana: LexisNexis, 2013.

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Awasthi, Shailendra Kumar. Digest on the Indian Contract Act, 1872: With allied legislations. Allahabad: Dwivedi & Co., 1999.

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Row, T. V. Sanjiva. Sanjiva Row's commentary on The Indian Contract Act, 1872 and Tenders (Act no. IX of 1872). Delhi: Delhi Law House, 2011.

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Cunningham, H. S. Cunningham's commentaries on Contract Act, 1872 (Act No. IX of 1872): Alongwith law relating to tenders, building, and engineering contracts, contracts in general and judicial remedies. Allahabad: Law Publishers (India), 2008.

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Row, T. V. Sanjiva. Sanjiva Row's commentary on the Indian Contract Act, 1872 and tenders. Edited by Kumar P. N and India. Delhi: Delhi Law House, 2004.

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A, Pasayat, and Chaturvedi Gopal S, eds. C.D. Field's commentary on Law of Evidence Act, 1872 (Act No. 1 of 1872) in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Ceylon, Malaysia, and Singapore: The Indian Evidence Act, 1872 as amended by the Information Technology Act, 2008 (Act no. 10 of 2009) w.e.f. 27-10-2009 : provisions amending the Evidence Act, 1872. Delhi: Delhi Law House, 2011.

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Basu, N. D. Basu's law of evidence in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma, and Ceylon: Being exhaustive commentary on the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (1 of 1872) as amended by the Indian Evidence (Amendment) Act, 2002 (4 of 2003). Edited by Bakshi P. M. 1921- and Sarkar S. C. 7th ed. New Delhi: India Law House, 2005.

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Chaturvedi, Gopal S. Field's commentary on law of evidence in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Ceylon, Malaysia, and Singapore: The Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (Act no. 1 of 1872) as amended by the Information Technology Act, 2000 (Act no. 21 of 2000). Delhi: Delhi Law House, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Indian Contract Act, 1872 (India)"

Govindaraj, V. C. "Exclusion of Foreign Law." In The Conflict of Laws in India, 17–21. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199495603.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses restrictions to the enforcement of foreign laws under Indian law. Section 23 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, forbids an Indian court from recognizing or enforcing a contract where such recognition or enforcement would be opposed to Indian public policy, or where such contract was obtained by fraud. A well-known principle of conflict of laws is that a court will not enforce a foreign penal law, either directly or indirectly. Foreign revenue laws are comparable to foreign penal laws from the standpoint of enforceability. As a matter of principle, a court will not enforce the public law of a foreign country, though the scope and ambit of this principle remains nebulous.

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Krishnaprasad, KV. "Fraud, Misrepresentation, and Mistake in Indian Contract Law." In Invalidity, 105–26. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192859341.003.0006.

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Abstract This chapter examines fraud, misrepresentation and mistake as contractual vitiating factors in Indian law. It advances three main arguments. First, the provisions of the Indian Contract Act 1872 that govern fraud and misrepresentation suffer from a drafting flaw. Once the drafting error is recognized, it is clear that the Act regulates the contractual consequences of fraud and misrepresentation in two stages: a consent-based first stage and a more pluralistic second stage. Second, the second paragraph of section 19 of the Act allows a mis-representee to claim that he be ‘put in the position in which he would have been if the representations made had been true’. This provision treats all pre-contractual representations as though they were enforceable promises. This is indefensible. Third, nineteenth century English Courts were faced with the task of reconciling Pothier’s ‘will theory’ with the English doctrine of objectivity. This conflict is also reflected in the Act. Understanding this tension has the potential to yield significant insights into the way in which the Act regulates mistakes.

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Shettigar, Jagadish, and Pooja Misra. "Steps to Empower Farmers." In Resurgent India, 85—C2.4.P10. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192866486.003.0015.

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Abstract With the three agricultural Farm Acts promising to be a game- changer by the Government, these Acts meant empowering the farmer community by enabling them to come out of the shackles of the middlemen, and predatory moneylenders. Providing the required legal framework to facilitate contract farming in agriculture and allied activities was the main objective of The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act 2020. The chapter discusses how the Act aimed to liberalize agricultural trade and to accord considerable benefit to both parties, i.e. farmers would have a guaranteed purchaser while uncertainty regarding prices would be minimized. The Act provided a national framework and attempted to bring uniformity in the provisions of contract farming. This Act had sought to bring an attractive solution for both the farmers and buyers, i.e. a farmer could finalize the buyer and the price of his agricultural produce even prior to the harvest while the buyer was assured of the produce and price at the time of harvest itself. Long- term structural agricultural reforms such as the Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act 2020 would have gone a long way in transforming the Indian agricultural ecosystem.

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Mishra, Satya Ranjan. "Commercial and Legal Sustainability of Contract Farming in Gujarat." In Sustainable Development and India, 134–58. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474622.003.0009.

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The chapter discusses that there is a strong need to formalize agriculture and make farmers a beneficiary of the end market opportunities. Contract farming attempts to bring in possibilities of organizing the agricultural sector by carving commercial, financial, and technological partnerships with farmers in the commodity value chain. Contract farming has been introduced in the Indian states following the enactment of the model APMC Act of 2005.The success of contract farming with commercial exuberance and regulatory safeguards will help realize the dream of the Millennium Development Goals of reducing the world poverty by half. This chapter attempts to find the success and sustainability of formal agriculture over informal agriculture through empirically evident parameters and it critically examines the present regulatory framework’s efficacy to safeguard the interest of the most prominent actor in the commodity value chain—the farmer.

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Bhadbhade, Nilima. "Contract Terms and their Interpretation: The Indian Perspective." In Contents of Contracts and Unfair Terms, 92–110. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850427.003.0005.

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This chapter examines two closely connected issues in defining the contents of contracts in India: first, the approaches adopted in interpreting the meaning of agreed contractual terms and, second, the extent to which additional terms are implied to supplement the express terms. It discusses the underlying philosophy of interpretation with regard to the dichotomy of ‘objective’ and ‘subjective’ approaches; it details the various interpretative aids, such as customs, usages, the commercial background, the negotiations of the parties, and the Evidence Act; and it shows how Indian law resolves the tension between literalist and contextualist approaches to interpretation. A number of hypothetical scenarios illustrate how Indian courts deal with issues of contractual interpretation and gap-filling in practice.

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Govindaraj, V. C. "Negotiable Instruments." In The Conflict of Laws in India, 69–72. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199495603.003.0006.

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This chapter discusses the law relating to negotiable instruments as interpreted and applied by Indian courts. The legal requirements and the legal effects of a negotiable instrument such as a bill of exchange or a promissory note or cheque are governed by the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. Section 134 of the Act lays down the rule that in the absence of a contract to the contrary in respect of a negotiable instrument, the liability of the maker or drawer of a promissory note, bill of exchange, or cheque is regulated in all essential matters by the law of the place where he made the instrument.

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Shettigar, Jagadish, and Pooja Misra. "Labour Reforms." In Resurgent India, 203—C3.12.P10. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192866486.003.0042.

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Abstract India is projected to have the highest working population between 2022 and 2034 with 4.75 million youth entering the workforce every year. Investor and employee-friendly labour laws will be key to harnessing the potential of this large workforce. Indian labour laws in sync with and conducive to promoting the evolving business regulatory environment can help reshape India’s growth trajectory and stimulate India’s growth aspirations. A simplified and modernized labour regulation and labour reforms have been the need of the hour to take care of the archaic Indian labour laws which have been acting as deterrents in attracting investment, especially foreign direct investment. The government should initiate steps to reform the outdated labour laws, which have acted as an impediment to attracting domestic and foreign direct investment. Agreeably, in September 2020, with the Parliament passing the three labour bills, the Government has been able to take a major step forward in the right direction. However, it would only be right to state that the work with regards to the extent antiquated and complicated labour laws is only half done and there are crucial issues such as the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, Contract Labour etc. that warrant attention from the viewpoint of building a positive business environment

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Schopp, Susan E. "Chronological Overview of the French Trade at Canton, 1698–1842." In Sino-French Trade at Canton, 1698-1842, 7–24. Hong Kong University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528509.003.0002.

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Chapter 1 provides a chronological overview of France’s near century and a half (1698–1842) in the Canton Trade. The Europe trade was carried out for its first two decades by private traders to whom the French East India Company leased its China monopoly on a limited basis; then, following reorganization in 1719, the Company began to exercise that monopoly itself, sending ships to Canton from 1720 to 1769. In 1769 the trade was opened to all French subjects and continued so until 1785, when the third Company was created; and when the trade was opened once and for all to all French nationals in 1790, this Company became private, in competition with other private companies before it was abolished in 1793. The intra-Asian (country) trade, in contrast, was initially in the hands of the Company, which remained involved in it to some degree before the trade went wholly private in the early 1740s. The French experience demonstrates the need for a reassessment of the traditional definitions of the terms “private” and “company,” and “Europe” and “intra-Asian,” proving that the distinctions between them are in fact far more nuanced, and indeed, often blurry, than traditionally acknowledged.

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Gulzar, Unanza. "Critical Appraisal of Challenges to Online Consumer Fissures in Information Technology Law in India." In Handbook of Research on Cyber Law, Data Protection, and Privacy, 277–91. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8641-9.ch016.

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Despite the shift in e-commerce in India, there are inadequate laws to protect a person over the internet. The chapter highlights that the Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008, incorporated Section-A, which validates just e-commerce including e-shopping but does not include attendant principles of its formation, which gave rise to a number of questions. The chapter also discusses the loopholes and lacunas in the Information Technology Act relating to online consumers and the Indian Contract Act for formation of contracts that cannot be made equally applicable to online contracts, leaving consumers in a position where they cannot bargain. Further, the author has evaluated and analysed cases filed by consumers in terms of challenges they face. Lastly, the chapter came up with certain suggestions keeping in view unfilled space.

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Arora, anmeet Kaur, Kiran Kumar Nirdhala, and Dr Nituja Singh. "A Critical Analysis of Legal Challenges of E- Contracts in India." In Cyber Crime, Regulations and Security - Contemporary Issues and Challenges, 158–68. Law brigade publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55662/book.2022ccrs.006.

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The Indian Economy stands on agriculture, banking, finance, manufacturing sector, business sector, etc. The e-governance in these sectors has gained new heights even in the pandemic. The constant threats and issues related to cyber security have plagued the system at every level, especially fraudulent E-contracts. Even the Reserve Bank of India has acknowledged the uncertainties regarding Cyber Securities for example Vishing, via Phishing, Remote Access, etc. This research attempts to study to prohibit fraud applications and loss of money by individuals and organizations by elucidating a toll-free model which can detect fraud exposure while entering into E-contracts for example Fraudulent Recruitment E- contracts. The aim of the research is to provide a major contribution represented in a reliable detection model using firewalls, e-contracts, legal awareness, and others. The detection of Online Recruitment Fraud is characterized by QR codes, OTP, tele verifications, and other studies on this concept. The researcher proposed the detection model to achieve the basics of cyber security. Furthermore, this study focuses on context formation agreed by the parties i.e. a valid offer and due acceptance with the line to e-contracts, however, the contracts should not be denied on any ground as data messages are used for the purpose according to Provision Sec 10A of IT Act 2000. Through this paper researcher will bring provisions of formation of the contract, quality communication, the validity of e-contract in light of the legal framework of Information Technology Act 2000 along with electronic communications, electronic media.

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