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Kumar, Ravinder, and Vivekanand Jha. "The Indian Historical Review." South Asian Survey 2, no. 2 (September 1995): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097152319500200221.
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Sreekumar, Hari. "Negotiation and resistance: a history of consumption in British India." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 10, no. 3 (August 20, 2018): 280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-05-2017-0019.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the key literature pertaining to consumption during the colonial period in India, broadly covering the time period from the early nineteenth century to the middle of the twentieth century. The review shows the prominent themes and patterns that help us understand colonial Indian consumers’ encounter with Western products and institutions. Design/methodology/approach The paper is a review of historical research papers and papers pertaining to the colonial period in India. Findings British colonialism introduced new products, institutions and ways of living into India, which were negotiated with and contested by Indian consumers and intellectuals. These new products and practices were not seamlessly adopted into the Indian context. Rather, they were appropriated into existing social structures determined by caste, gender and religion. The tensions produced by such negotiations and contestations fed Indian resistance to colonialism, culminating in British withdrawal from India. Originality/value Historical research pertaining to marketing in the Indian context is scarce. Moreover, there are few reviews which outline the important consumption practices and changes pertaining to the colonial period. The findings of this review will be of use to researchers and students of history, marketing and cultural studies.
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MATSUMOTO, HIROYUKI, YUICHIRO TANIOKA, YUICHI NISHIMURA, YOSHINOBU TSUJI, YUICHI NAMEGAYA, TADASHI NAKASU, and SIN-ITI IWASAKI. "REVIEW OF TIDE GAUGE RECORDS IN THE INDIAN OCEAN." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 03, no. 01 (March 2009): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431109000378.
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According to the NOAA earthquake database, at least 31 events have been found in the Indian Ocean in terms of tsunami event since 1900, most of which occurred along the Sunda Trench. In this study, we review the history of tide level measurements and their datasets archives in Thailand, Indonesia, India, and Australia. We collected tide gauge paper charts recording historical tsunamis including the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in those countries. As a result, systematic collection of historical tsunami records by tide gauges in the Indian Ocean has been difficult, because few tsunamigenic earthquakes occurred in the Indian Ocean during the instrumentally observed period.
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Atwal, Jyoti. "A Historical Review of Revolutionary Connections Between India and Ireland." Current Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 5, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crjssh.5.2.02.
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This article visits moments of connected transnational histories of India and Ireland. Both the nations suffered under colonial rule. While Ireland attained independence from Britain in 1922, it continued to influence Indian revolutionaries and nationalists in several ways. The article provides an overarching review of some historical events that were reported in contemporary newspapers and remain main archives today for our knowledge on transnational anti colonial movements. Beginning with the perception of mutiny in Indian and Irish memory – the author explores key events such as De Valera’s address to Gadar Party in America in 1920, reporting of Jallian wala Bagh massacre in Ireland, Connaught Rangers’ mutiny of 1920 and 1916 Easter Rising.
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Chakravarty, Devpriya. "Popular Musics of India: An Ethnomusicological Review." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 6, no. 3 (December 18, 2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/267.
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This article brings into discussion the presence of a contemporary popular music culture amongst globalised, urban, Indian youth which is perpetuated by Electronic Dance Music (EDM) festivals. This paper begins with the argument as to how there is no one monolithic popular music scene in India by presenting a historical analysis of a timeline for popular musics of India, a scene that has received scanty scholarly attention.
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Kumar, Ashish. "The Huns (‘Hūṇas’) in India: A Review." Studies in People's History 8, no. 2 (November 16, 2021): 182–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23484489211041133.
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Limited attention seems to have been paid in Indian historical work to the Hūṇas (Huns) except for the general assumption that they played a very destructive role in Indian history. There is need for a fresh appraisal of the Hūṇa polity in the light of the Schūyen copper scroll, and further work on the numismatic evidence, while the details of their conflict with the Guptas need to be properly worked out. Finally, the objective behind their deep intrusion into central India (especially Malwa) has to be located in a broader context.
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Malhotra, Manu, Rashmi Malhotra, Saurabh Varshney, Madhu Priya, Abhishek Bhardwaj, Amit Tyagi, Amit Kumar, and Shubhankur Gupta. "A Historical Review of Indian Perspectives on Techniques of Tympanoplasty." International Journal of Otolaryngology 2020 (April 1, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1408270.
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Reconstructive surgery of the conductive hearing mechanism is collectively called as tympanoplasty, which has gradually evolved over time with the contributions from all over the word. The aim of the present historical review is to summarize the Indian contributions in the development of the technique of tympanoplasty. The literature review was conducted using only the “Medline” search using keywords “tympanoplasty” and “ossiculoplasty” in “India” on 15th June 2016. A total of 195 articles and abstracts were found dated from the year 1998 onwards. Articles describing work on technique were included, and those describing only experimentation with graft material were excluded. All articles were fully read and analysed. It was found that there had been experiments regarding the choice of anaesthesia and the use of combinations of different chemical agents for this purpose. There were suggestions in favour of monitored anaesthesia care for the surgery in select patients. Surgeons expressed their perspectives on the time and conditions for the surgery, laterality of surgery, different types of incisions, use of endoscopes, graft placement techniques, ossicular replacements with autologous or allogenic grafts, and the timing of prophylactic antibiotic therapy given after or during the surgery. The range of work is wide and covers most of the aspects of surgery; however, the incorporation of a uniform methodology and standards reporting results were lacking in the articles reviewed.
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Dash, J. Michael. "Historical Thought and Literary Representation in West Indian Literature (review)." Research in African Literatures 31, no. 2 (2000): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ral.2000.0046.
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Sharma, Anjali, and Manager Rajdeo Singh. "A Review on Historical Earth Pigments Used in India’s Wall Paintings." Heritage 4, no. 3 (August 26, 2021): 1970–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030112.
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Iron-containing earth minerals of various hues were the earliest pigments of the prehistoric artists who dwelled in caves. Being a prominent part of human expression through art, nature-derived pigments have been used in continuum through ages until now. Studies reveal that the primitive artist stored or used his pigments as color cakes made out of skin or reeds. Although records to help understand the technical details of Indian painting in the early periodare scanty, there is a certain amount of material from which some idea may be gained regarding the methods used by the artists to obtain their results. Considering Indian wall paintings, the most widely used earth pigments include red, yellow, and green ochres, making it fairly easy for the modern era scientific conservators and researchers to study them. The present knowledge on material sources given in the literature is limited and deficient as of now, hence the present work attempts to elucidate the range of earth pigments encountered in Indian wall paintings and the scientific studies and characterization by analytical techniques that form the knowledge background on the topic. Studies leadingto well-founded knowledge on pigments can contribute towards the safeguarding of Indian cultural heritage as well as spread awareness among conservators, restorers, and scholars.
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Mohanram, Radhika. "Review Article : Indian Feminism in an International Frame." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 3, no. 2 (September 1996): 283–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097152159600300214.
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In the heritage of imperialism, one of the peculiar by-products is the 'emancipated' woman in the decolonized nation, not her sister in metropolitan space, whom we know much better. However unwilling she may be to ac knowledge this, part of the historical burden of that 'emancipated' postcolonial is to be in a situation of tu-toi-ing with the radical feminist in the metropolis.
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Godara, Sunita. "Conceptual framework and historical prospective of Corporate Governance." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 2, no. 1 (2014): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.211438.
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In this review article, the primary subject is to articulate a conceptual framework and historical perspective of Corporate Governance. This paper started with evolution of Corporate Governance from ancient era, where all state property came under the purview of King and then covered all modern aspects related to corporate governance. This paper Started from the global evolution and moved to elaboration of Indian evolution of corporate governance. After discussing various corporate governance models this paper focused on initiatives taken by government and industry in India in the process of corporate governance reforms. In this article author made a small attempt to organise these historical events into a chronological order.
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Seungyoon Yang. "A Historical Review on the Influence of Indian Culture in Indonesia." Journal of Indian Studies 13, no. 1 (May 2008): 67–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21758/jis.2008.13.1.67.
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Radhakrishnan, Sreejith, Abi Tamim Vanak, Pierre Nouvellet, and Christl A. Donnelly. "Rabies as a Public Health Concern in India—A Historical Perspective." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 5, no. 4 (October 21, 2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5040162.
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India bears the highest burden of global dog-mediated human rabies deaths. Despite this, rabies is not notifiable in India and continues to be underprioritised in public health discussions. This review examines the historical treatment of rabies in British India, a disease which has received relatively less attention in the literature on Indian medical history. Human and animal rabies was widespread in British India, and treatment of bite victims imposed a major financial burden on the colonial Government of India. It subsequently became a driver of Pasteurism in India and globally and a key component of British colonial scientific enterprise. Efforts to combat rabies led to the establishment of a wide network of research institutes in India and important breakthroughs in development of rabies vaccines. As a result of these efforts, rabies no longer posed a significant threat to the British, and it declined in administrative and public health priorities in India towards the end of colonial rule—a decline that has yet to be reversed in modern-day India. The review also highlights features of the administrative, scientific and societal approaches to dealing with this disease in British India that persist to this day.
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Fernandes, A., M. Chemburkar, A. Nipane, K. Thete, and A. Meda. "ASHWAGANDHA (WITHANIA SOMNIFERA) – HISTORICAL ASPECTS, CURRENT LITERATURE, MONOGRAPHS, NEWER INDICATIONS AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS." INDIAN DRUGS 53, no. 04 (April 28, 2016): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.53.04.10588.
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The present review on Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is divided into four Sections. Ancient scriptures and broad claims therein form Section I. Section II comprises comparison of selected monographs. There are large numbers of review articles and treatie as well as books written on Ashwagandha, a segment of which is referred to in Section III. It is surprisingly significant that Ashwagandha is the subject matter of innovative indication and innovative delivery dosage forms and combination in the current times world over. US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and leading researchers in many countries of the world have studied Ashwagandha for its wide and advanced therapeutic indications. However, it is not surprising that research on Ashwagandha and its potential is rather poor in its country of origin, i.e. India. Aggressive NGO-led campaign using the Anti-benefit generation oriented BDA (Biological Diversity Act, 2002) coupled with excessive interpretation of non-patentability using TKDL (Traditional Knowledge Digital Library) and over-interpretation of Section 3(p) of the Indian Patents Act, 1970 has led to diminishing interest in advance research on Indian herbs including Ashwagandha, as is seen from the comparison of the patent literature between research in India and overseas countries as seen from section IV.
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Dhatrak, Swapnil P. "Dark Tourism Sites in India: A Review." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i2.3328.
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The study of this paper aims to study the various sites of dark tourism in India. Tourism in India is important for the country’s economy and its sectors growing rapidly. Tourism means the act and process of spending time away from home in pursuit of recreation, relaxation, and pleasure while making use of the commercial provision. There are many forms of tourism based on the purpose of visit. in that paper; we discussed dark tourism development and sites in India. Dark tourism (black tourism, morbid tourism)has been defined as tourism involving travel to places historically associated with death and tragedy, planning a project on dark tourism documenting the increasing popularity of morbid landmarks around the world. The main attraction to dark locations is their historical value rather than associations with death and suffering. Holocaust tourism contains aspects of both dark and heritage tourism .dark tourism is a sheer curiosity that pushes people to thread the road less traveled to search their answers, so travel by far has always been related to journey and to explore beautiful places. There are a lot of places in India. This research paper includes references to the promotion of dark tourism in India. The work includes references in the promotion of dark tourism in India, a destination that has largely failed to improve itself on Indian tourism market because this form of tourism promotions a destination .dark tourism attractions demonstrate demand but also consist of commemoration, historical references, narrative legacies, and populist heritage this tourism sites in some cases become one of few remaining elements of victims and tier testimonies. There is a lot of scope for developing dark tourism in India but taking some efforts and specific solutions to developed dark tourism in India. For this paper used secondary research methodology has been used for research for data collection, secondary data collected from the literature review also government agency data; online tourism news has been collected.
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Nayak, Priyanka, and Narayan Kayarkatte. "RECOGNISING SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH THE CORPORATE REPORTS A REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF DISCLOSURES IN INDIA." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 07 (July 31, 2021): 416–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13141.
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Purpose: The stride of Sustainability has led to a new form of reporting called Sustainability Reporting. This form of reporting is being widely accepted and has recently surged amongst Indian corporates and researchers. This paper tries studying the evolution of Sustainability Reporting and its development In Indian context. It also attempts to identify the gaps in the available literature, for further research in this area. Design/Methodology: Using the literature published between 2011 and 2020 review is conducted in various aspects of Sustainability Reporting in India. Findings: As Sustainability Reporting became popular in India only two decades back, there are several gaps in the study in this area, leading to abundant dimensions for future research. The role of Policy makers, Regulators and Academicians in development of best practices in reporting also is highlighted. Practical implication: This study shall give a historical perspective of Sustainability Reporting in India and help researchers focus their study on critical areas that need to be researched. Originality/Value: Sustainability Reporting has drawn a large number of attentions amongst the financial stakeholders. There are several research/review being undertaken in this field. However, a review of the development of studies of Sustainability Reporting in India is one of its kinds. No previous research was found which systematically incorporates evolution and development of Sustainability Reporting in Indian context.
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Batool, Munazza. "DECLINE OF BUDDHISM IN PAKISTAN: A HISTORICAL REVIEW." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 01 (March 31, 2022): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i1.2.
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The decline of Buddhism in the regions now in Pakistan is usually associated with the arrival of Islam. There is no doubt that the regions that are now dominantly Muslim were once dominantly Buddhist. But whether it is a simple matter of arrival of Islam to these areas that the entire Buddhist population turned into Islamic demography? How this transformation took place and at which historical juncture? This paper reconsiders such a narrative in light of some historical evidence traced form the contemporary sources f the period. While doing so a sketch of religious situation of the subcontinent at the arrival of Islam is presented. The paper is based on historical discourse analysis; the data is derived from various contemporary sources like the local Indian narratives, accounts of the Buddhist travelers from China besides the Islamic historical sources as well as the debate of contemporary scholars on the issue is also reviewed. Key Words: Buddhism, religious history, archeology
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Kruse, Gina, Victor A. Lopez-Carmen, Anpotowin Jensen, Lakotah Hardie, and Thomas D. Sequist. "The Indian Health Service and American Indian/Alaska Native Health Outcomes." Annual Review of Public Health 43, no. 1 (April 5, 2022): 559–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052620-103633.
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The Indian Health Service (IHS) has made huge strides in narrowing health disparities between American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations and other racial and ethnic groups. Yet, health disparities experienced by AI/AN people persist, with deep historical roots combined with present-day challenges. Here we review the history of the IHS from colonization to the present-day system, highlight persistent disparities in AI/AN health and health care, and discuss six key present-day challenges: inadequate funding, limited human resources, challenges associated with transitioning services from federal to Tribal control through contracting and compacting, evolving federal and state programs, the need for culturally sensitive services, and the promise and challenges of health technology.
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Haynes, Ruth H. "Suicide and Social Response in Fiji: a Historical Survey." British Journal of Psychiatry 151, no. 1 (July 1987): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.151.1.21.
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A historical review of suicide in Fiji shows that rates for people of Indian descent have always been higher than those of other groups, yet until now this phenomenon has attracted little official or public attention. Recent changes in the incidence and methods of suicide have led to the introduction of some preventive measures, but the emphasis has been on eliminating some of the methods rather than the reasons for suicide. The continuing high incidence of suicide by hanging involving some sectors of society appears to have been overlooked. Possible causes of this apparent lack of interest are examined, such as the low status historically of Indian immigrants and concepts held about them by other groups in Fiji, and the ‘invisibility’ of groups of people such as rural women and the aged.
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Kanwar, J. S., S. M. Virmani, and S. K. Das. "Farming Systems Research in India: A Historical Perspective." Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 1 (January 1992): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700022961.
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SummaryThis review gives a historical perspective of the development of Farming Systems Research (FSR) in India over the past 60 years, as India changed from a traditional, subsistence oriented agriculture to one based on science and technology. The first period relates to the years 1930–50, when the Government of India created the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and initiated research on dryland agriculture.The second period relates to the development of coordinated agronomic trials and simple fertilizer experiments on farmers' fields during the years 1950–65. This development was a forerunner of networks of coordinated applied agronomic research relevant to farmers' cropping systems and adaptive research with farmers' participation. The development of a soil conservation research network in the same period strengthened research on the natural resource base countrywide. The third period started with the reorganization of ICAR, the establishment of State Agricultural Universities and the introduction of coordinated research programmes on high-yielding varieties (HYVs). At the same time the coordinated dryland agricultural research programmes, and subsequently the Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), were established, leading to the development of a national system of FSR for rainfed agriculture.The fourth period of FSR started with the establishment in 1972 of ICRISAT, an international agricultural research centre that accepted FSR as its mandate and developed the concept of integrating the management technologies for various components of climate, soil, water and crops with a farmers' perspective. ICRISAT's work was complementary to that of CRIDA and helped to bring about conceptual changes in Indian FSR through research aimed at understanding principles and processes of semi-arid tropical (SAT) farming systems. Following this, mechanisms for strengthening on-farm research were emphasized so as to provide stronger linkages between researchers, extension workers and farmers.Today, FSR with a farmers' perspective occupies pride of place in India's agricultural research agenda. Yet it is a long way from bridging the gap between the generation of technology and its adoption by farmers, who have shown a preference for its components rather than for the full package of technology.
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Veitch, Madeline. "Book Review: American Indian Culture: From Counting Coup to Wampum." Reference & User Services Quarterly 55, no. 4 (July 1, 2016): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.55n4.323b.
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In his preface to American Indian Culture, Editor Bruce E. Johansen outlines a highly selective approach to documenting historical and contemporary expressions of Native American cultures. Aimed at upper level-high school students and college undergraduates, this work is framed not as an encyclopedic resource but as “an introduction to a large and rich field of study” focused on “the interface of tradition and change” across cultural expressions such as art, literature, music, and dance (xiii).
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Ahmed, Faiz. "Success, Failure, and Other Historical Crafts." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 41, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 266–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-9127305.
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Abstract The author of Afghanistan Rising responds to our critical review essays by six scholars of diverse historical expertise, from the late Ottoman and Habsburg Empires to Southeast Asia, and Islamic legal history to the political economy of the British Raj and Indo-Afghan frontier. Centering administrative and constitutional developments in Afghanistan within broader regional and global currents connecting the Balkans to Indian Ocean at the turn of the twentieth century, Ahmed reflects on what it means to write “a history that most people do not think exist.”
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SIVARAMAKRISHNAN, K. "Ethics of Nature in Indian Environmental History: A Review Article." Modern Asian Studies 49, no. 4 (February 27, 2015): 1261–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x14000092.
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AbstractThis article considers the formation of moral and ethical worlds in India, drawing largely on cases reporting on modern times, as people interact with or imagine the landscapes in which they live. Questions of ethics, and how they are animated in practical existence through the experience of emotional ties and affective attachments to nature, near and far, have not always informed the writing of environmental history in India. In contrast, scholars in disciplines other than history have often paid attention to ethical and religious ideas about landscape and nature. This review argues that ethics of nature are developed in historical processes of community formation and identity-expression or self-making that occur in and through the imagination and experience of the natural world in religious and political action. Historical perspectives on these topics are useful and necessary, even as careful examination of how affect and worship shape attitudes to being in particular landscapes can enrich the understanding of meaningful relations to landscape and nature in environmental history. The argument is developed by a close examination of a handful of recent studies that have provided an empirical basis for this synthesis, review, and conceptual elaboration of the ethics of nature in India. The article considers the formation of ethical ideas and practical values of nature in realms of worship, natural resources management, rural development, conservation science, natural resources policy, and legal disputes relating to nature protection in India.
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Rehman, Varisha. "Revisiting the fairness paradigm in India." Society and Business Review 14, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-03-2018-0023.
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Purpose The paper answers three research questions: How does the extant literature explain fairness and whiteness? What Indian standards of beauty were historically, and how are they currently? What is the applicability of the theory of self-concept in understanding the fairness paradigm? Design/methodology/approach A rigorous review of extant literature on fairness followed by consolidation of the literature under relevant self-concept theory for understanding the historical perspective of fairness in India as compared to global standards. Findings Clear defined themes on actual, ideal and social self-concept emerged from the study. The study also revealed: how Indian corporates are using effective marketing strategies to cover up the potential health hazards of fairness creams. Practical implications Marketers can use the study to understand how fairness products influence individual’s self-concept. Media houses and Government agencies can also get insight on how beauty has been valorized in the Indian mindset. Social implications This paper identifies the deceptive and misrepresentation of attainable beauty standards claimed by the fairness and whiteness products. Originality/value This is the first study done to integrate the findings of fairness studies with self-concept theory and derive useful insights from it.
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Febriyanto, Satrio Alif. "Islam dan Rasialisme di Kashmir dalam Kacamata Sejarah." JUSPI (Jurnal Sejarah Peradaban Islam) 4, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/juspi.v4i2.8426.
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<p><em>As a border area between India and Pakistan, Kashmir has been a conflict area since those countries became independent from British rule in 1947. With the fact that it is the only province in India with a Muslim majority population, Kashmir has become an anomaly for India, which is the country with the largest Hindu population in the world. This condition certainly makes Muslims living in Kashmir vulnerable to being the target of repression by the Hindu community. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes of racism in Kashmir from a historical perspective. Meanwhile, The historical research method used in this research is juridical research with a secondary historical source written on the theme of Indian history and culture which aims to review and analyze the root causes of conflict between Muslims and Hindu communities based on a historical perspective. Based on the results of research that has been done, the reasons of the conflict between Muslims and the Hindu community in Kashmir is the difference teachings of the two religions and the historical background of the relationship between the two religions since the first time Islam entered India.</em></p>
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WU, PIN-HSIEN. "Investigating nature within different discursive and ideological contexts: case studies of Chinese and Indian coal capitals." BJHS Themes 1 (2016): 199–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bjt.2016.3.
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AbstractGiven that purely scientific accounts of ‘environmental performance’ and ‘development’ cannot fully explain the environment and its interactions with people, this paper investigates how nature has been historically and sociopolitically defined in different societies. The analyses and observations presented in this paper are based on a critical literature review and on case studies of two ‘coal capitals’, one in Guizhou in China and the other in Jharkhand in India. The study examines the historical representations of environmental campaigns (particularly from the 1950s to the 1990s) in the two countries, and discusses how historical, sociopolitical and ideological factors have affected conceptualizations of nature and how they are reflected nowadays in people's narratives concerning the environment. The paper concludes that the Chinese pattern of development, as well as of knowledge construction, reflects a greater intention of homogenizing the public with the language of development deployed by the centralized power; meanwhile, the Indian pattern allows a greater space for the representation of conflicts, including people's struggles against the state. The comparative analysis enriches our understanding of people's responses to official perceptions of the environment endorsed by modern science and governance.
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Ruegg, D. Seyfort. "A New Publication on the Date and Historiography of the Buddha's Decease (nirvāṉa): a Review Article." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 62, no. 1 (January 1999): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00017572.
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The date of the demise, or (Mahapāri)Nirvāṉa, of the historical Buddha Śākyamuni is one of the key chronological markers in early Indian history, one which has therefore been of pivotal importance to modern scholarship on ancient India. Whilst the dates of the conquest of Gandhāara and Sindh by the Achaemenid empire and the dates of Alexander's campaigns in the subcontinent are among the very oldest established for the history of north-western India, that of the Nirvāna of the Buddha has long been regarded as the oldest more or less fixed chronological value in the history of north-eastern India. The dating of the Buddha has a crucial significance for the dates of certain ancient Indian kings-Bimbisara of Magadha and Prasenajit (Pasenadi) of Kosala -and for that of the Jain Tīrthaṅkara Mahāvīra, for the development of Jainism and the Śramaṉa movement, and for the earlier history of the Brahmanical religion and the oldest Indian philosophy, including the thought of the Upaniṣads. Moreover, quite apart from its importance for South Asia alone, the consensus (apparently) obtaining among scholars about the time of the Buddha contributed to the elaboration by Karl Jaspers, in his book of 1955 entitled Vom Ursprung und Ziel der Geschichte, of the concept of an Axial Age (‘Achsenzeit’) around 500 B.C. when a number of epoch-making events are thought to have taken place in the ancient Eurasian world.
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Rahman, Afzalur. "Review of Essential Amendments in Indian Higher Education with Special Reference to COVID-19 Pandemic and National Education Policy (NEP) 2020." International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 21, no. 12 (December 30, 2022): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.21.12.9.
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India's aspirations to become a major player in the global knowledge economy are fundamentally dependent on high-quality higher education. The availability of faculty with the necessary skills is a must for the global scope of Indian ventures. These goals have been placed on hold because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has affected higher education around the world. In India, it halted the implementation of visionary provisions of National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. It has led to unanticipated challenges in continuing the educational activities as Indian higher education continues to suffer from inadequate access to technology. As such, this review paper discusses Indian higher education from a historical perspective to the current situation, with a special focus on NEP 2020 modifications that are have been proposed to improve the education system. It primarily concentrates on the difficulties that Indian higher education faced in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper also explored the opportunities and the necessary adjustments and alterations that may be needed for a smooth and qualitative delivery of higher education in light of visionary NEP 2020 provisions.
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VOGEL, GERNOT, ASHOK KUMAR MALLIK, S. R. CHANDRAMOULI, VIVEK SHARMA, and S. R. GANESH. "A review of records of the Trimeresurus albolabris Gray, 1842 group from the Indian subcontinent: expanded description and range extension of Trimeresurus salazar, redescription of Trimeresurus septentrionalis and rediscovery of historical specimens of Trimeresurus davidi (Reptilia: Viperidae)." Zootaxa 5175, no. 3 (August 17, 2022): 343–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5175.3.2.
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We revisit the identities of ‘Trimeresurus albolabris’ records from India and Nepal, based on a re-examination of historically mentioned specimens. Based on morphological congruence, we identify an old specimen originally labeled as T. albolabris from ‘Nagpur, Central Province’ as Trimeresurus salazar. We also provide new records of T. salazar based on molecular data from newly collected specimens in Central India. As the range of T. salazar is now known to approach that of its sister species Trimeresurus septentrionalis, we also redescribe T. septentrionalis based on the holotype and referred material. Finally, we examined two historical specimens from “Madras” collected during the Novara Expedition, which we identify as T. davidi, leading to a reassessment of their origin. Consequently, we remove T. albolabris from the list of Indian snake fauna.
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Rashkovskii, E., and E. Nikiforova. "Hinduism: from Tribal Beliefs to World Religion." World Economy and International Relations, no. 5 (2015): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-5-104-112.
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The paper presents an analytical review of the conference held in the All-Russian State Library for Foreign Literature (November, 2014). It deals with deep historical and socio-cultural roots of the present-day religious dynamics of India, including its main political implications. The wide methodological principle of correlation between India’s socio-cultural background and the current state of affairs in Hinduism is denoted as Indo-logics. The paper also deals with bilateral processes of internal consolidation of Hinduism within the Republic of India as well as of the gradual transformation process of Hinduism into one of the biggest religions on international scale. Both sides of these phenomena are analyzed in connection with ambivalent processes of the Indian inner modernization during the 19th-21st centuries, and also with general global socio-economic and intellectual trends of the current history, including mass migrations, the expansion of mass media, deep crisis of the present-day semi-industrial modes of school and university education, etc. The article draws special attention to problems of Indian subaltern strata in the present-day Indian religious dynamics, including the “neo-Buddhist renaissance” and Christian conversions among Indian “untouchables”.
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Jensen, Erik M. "The Harvard Law Review and the Iroquois Influence Thesis." British Journal of American Legal Studies 6, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjals-2017-0011.
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Abstract In a recent Developments in the Law chapter on the Indian Civil Rights Act, authors and editors at the Harvard Law Review seemed to take seriously the so-called “Iroquois influence thesis,” the idea that basic principles of the American government were derived from American Indian nations, in particular the Iroquois Confederacy. Although the influence thesis has acquired a life of its own, being taught in some of America’s elementary and secondary schools, it is nonsense. (One of the sources cited in support of this made-up history is a congressional resolution, as if Congress has some special, historical expertise.) Nothing in American Indian law and policy should depend on the influence thesis, and it is unfortunate that a prominent law review has given it credence. This article explains how the Harvard folks were misguided and why the influence thesis should be interred.
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Bhattacharya, Sayan. "Forest and Biodiversity Conservation in Ancient Indian Culture: A Review Based on Old Texts and Archaeological Evidences." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 30 (June 2014): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.30.35.
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In the early periods of human history, environment strongly determined the lives and activities of the people. They were very much close to forest and natural resources as we find in historical documents. Ancient Indian texts like Arthasastra, Sathapatha Bhramanas, Vedas, Manusmrti, Brhat-Samhita, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Rajtarangini reflected the concepts of forest ecology and conservation in a sustainable manner. In the Indus valley civilization, several characteristics of the city planning and social structure showed environmental awareness. The presence of leaves, wild animals like peacocks and one-horned deer, tigers, elephants, bulls in the seals and the mud pots can indicate the pattern of biodiversity in those areas. Reduction of forests in that area was due to use of huge amount of timber-wood for burning bricks. So rainfall reduced and soil erosion caused deposition of silt in the Indus River which had choked off Mohenjodaro from the sea, causing a rise in the water table that must have been a prime factor in the destruction of Mohenjodaro. The sacred groves (Tapovana) of India were rich in biodiversity and ecological wealth, which was also mentioned in many ancient Indian documents like Abhigyan Shakuntalam written by Kalidasa. They are small packets of forests dedicated to local deities. In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna compares the world to a single banyan tree with unlimited branches in which all the species of animals, humans and demigods wander, which reflects the concept of community ecology. The trees like Banyan and Peepal were often referred in historical background (widely protected in Asia and Africa) are keystone resources. In modern age, there are many policies developing in many countries for forest and biodiversity conservation, but they are all directly or indirectly influenced by the traditional knowledge developed in the ancient India.
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Bates, Crispin, and Marina Carter. "Trust in the Indian Labour Diaspora." Journal of Migration History 7, no. 2 (August 23, 2021): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-00702003.
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Abstract This paper investigates the role of trust relationships through a re-examination of the activities of intermediaries (recruiters) in the Indian indentured labour system of the Indian Ocean in the colonial era. A review of the utilisation of trust in development discourse and its applicability to the literature of colonial subaltern migration and to a specific historical context is undertaken. The paper demonstrates that informal trust networks are critical to an understanding of the operation of indenture, that the appraisal of their functioning and effectiveness necessitates the construction of a counter narrative to the ‘official’ archive, and suggests a new means of adapting the trust discourse to this field of study through an assessment of how these knowledge and information networks were disseminated and by whom.
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Stasi, Paul. "Decentering Rushdie: Cosmopolitanism and the Indian Novel in English, Pranav Jani, Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2010." Historical Materialism 20, no. 1 (2012): 232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920612x632836.
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Abstract Decentering Rushdie argues that postcolonial studies has consistently underestimated the investment of the English-language Indian novel in the nation by focusing on a handful of texts that conform to Western assumptions about the bankruptcy of the postcolonial nation-state. Taking Salman Rushdie’s work as the sign of a presumed homology between postcolonialism and a postmodern distrust of totality, Jani demonstrates that his novels are hardly representative of the range of Indian writing in English. Instead, in a series of expert readings of less well-known texts, he demonstrates the commitment to the decolonising project that exists even within the inevitably cosmopolitan worldview of Indians writing in a colonial language. Situating his work within foundational debates in postcolonial studies, this review demonstrates the fresh light he sheds on the vexed relations among historical location, political ideology and literary form.
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Sarkar, Bhaswati. "Book Review: Amba Pande (Ed.), Women in the Indian Diaspora: Historical Narratives and Contemporary Challenges." International Studies 55, no. 3 (July 2018): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020881718796387.
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Prasad, Rajendra. "Indian Ayurveda vis-a-vis Global Herbal Research." Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jahm.2017.3309.
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Ayurvedic practice and medicine have been on the upswing since early fifties in India often going parallel with allopathic treatment and healthcare due to promotional policies of the Government. There also is the significant popularity of Ayurveda and other herbal medicine outside India as alternative medicine. This study attempts to review the growth of Ayurveda in India and abroad in its historical perspective and seeks to carry out a comparative assessment of the thrust and priorities of various countries through their patent data on herbal research. It also reviews recent spurt in the globalisation of Ayurveda in different dimensions and growing interest of international institutions in its adoption and integration with mainstream medical practice and education. Finally taking an overview of related patent data and global research efforts on plant-based therapeutics, some vital recommendations are made that can lead India to emerge as an innovation hub for most potent drugs based on its ancient heritage and knowledgebase. A massive multiinstitutional research effort with a significant amount of collaboration with other countries is recommended to stay ahead in global competition in this field.
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Alpers, Edward A. "From Littoral to Ozone: On Mike Pearson’s Contributions to Indian Ocean History." Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies 2, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/jiows.v2i1.42.
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In this article I examine two of Michael Pearson’s most important contributions to our understanding of Indian Ocean history: the concept of the littoral, which he first articulated in his seminal article on “Littoral society: the case for the coast” in The Great Circle 7, no. 1 (1985): 1-8, and his comment in The Indian Ocean (London and New York: Routledge, 2003, p. 9) that “I want it to have a whiff of ozone.” Accordingly, I review Pearson’s publications to see how he has written about these two notions and how they have influenced historical scholarship about the Indian Ocean.
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J, Mythili Krishna, Richa Gaude, H. Yeriswamy, A. N. Sudhindra, Reshma Yernal, Mithun Bondre, Aditya A. Samant, Arun B. Joshi, Shailendra Gurav, and Anant V. Bhandarkar. "Significance of Parad in Rasashastra- A review." Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jahm.2017.3313.
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Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine with historical roots in the Indian subcontinent.In Ayurveda, materials from natural sources are being used for the preparation of Ayurvedic formulation. This includes plants, minerals/metals and animals. Rasashastra is a branch of Ayurvedic medicine which deals with formulations containing minerals/metals and significantly Parad. From the fact that the name of this branch has been given after Parad (Rasa in Rasashastra) indicates the emphasis laid by the then health care professionals on the use of Mercury or Rasa or Parad in the use of therapeutics.According to Ayurvedic Formulary of India, mercury and lead are reported to be the widely used heavy metals. But nowadays, modern scientists are concerned with the use of heavy metals in Ayurvedic preparation. According to Ayurveda, before these metals are used for the treatment, purification process should be carried out so that the possibility of adverse effects gets eliminated.In this review article, we are dealing with the Ayurvedic methods used in purification of Parad (Mercury) and the evaluation parameters used.
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Selvanayagam, Karthik, and Varisha Rehman. "Materialism, television and social media – analysis of the transformation of post-colonial Indian market." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 11, no. 3 (August 19, 2019): 250–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-03-2018-0011.
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Purpose This paper aims to, first, analyze the transformation of the Indian market by extending Sreekumar and Varman’s (2016) work on history of marketing in India into the post-colonial era; second, trace the emergence and adoption of various media technologies in the post-colonial Indian market; third, identify the evolving trends in marketing practices alongside the penetration of these media technologies in the market; and finally, argue the need for mindful adoption of marketing practices in the Indian market, rather than direct replication of Western practices. Design/methodology/approach The historical perspective on the post-colonial Indian market is done through extant literature review and analysis of marketing practices by iconic brands in the Indian market. Findings This research reveals that the adoption of Western marketing practices by brands in the Indian market has led to increasing materialistic consumption patterns among consumers. Furthermore, such practices in the social media technology era impose individualistic values in the Indian consumers, contrary to the cultural values of the country. Therefore, this research posits the need for mindful marketing practices to be adopted for the Indian market. Social implications This research shows warning signs of growing materialistic values among Indian consumers and the implications of marketing strategies on the society as a whole. Originality/value This study is a first of its kind in highlighting the transformation of the post-colonial Indian market by integrating actual marketing campaigns over this period with literature to present the various issues in the current state of the market.
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Whitt, Amy Danae, Thomas A. Jefferson, Miriam Blanco, Dagmar Fertl, and Deanna Rees. "A review of marine mammal records of Cuba." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 9, no. 2 (January 27, 2014): 65–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/lajam00175.
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There has been very little research on marine mammals in Cuban waters. Much of the information on marine mammals in this region is buried in historical and gray literature. In order to provide a comprehensive account of marine mammal occurrence in Cuba’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), we reviewed and verified 659 published and unpublished sighting, stranding, capture, and tagging records. Eighteen extant species and four genera have confirmed records for Cuban EEZ waters. This includes 17 species of cetaceans (three baleen whales and 14 toothed whales) and one sirenian species. An additional 11 cetacean species and one extant pinniped species have been reported, but not confirmed, or may have the potential to occur in Cuban waters. Historical records of the Caribbean monk seal (Monachus tropicalis) are documented in Cuba; however, this species is now considered extinct. The only two species that are seen regularly and considered common in Cuban nearshore waters are the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus).
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Farooqui, Amar. "Book Review: J.S. Grewal, Historical Writings on the Sikhs (1784–2011): Western Enterprise and Indian Response." Indian Historical Review 41, no. 2 (November 3, 2014): 366–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0376983614544830.
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Huei, Pang Yang. "Book review: Chinese and Indian Business: Historical Antecedents, written by Medha Kudaisya and Ng Chin-keong." Journal of Chinese Overseas 10, no. 1 (April 14, 2014): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341271.
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Singh, Pushpendra Kumar, Pankaj Dey, Sharad Kumar Jain, and Pradeep P. Mujumdar. "Hydrology and water resources management in ancient India." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 10 (October 5, 2020): 4691–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4691-2020.
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Abstract. Hydrologic knowledge in India has a historical footprint extending over several millenniums through the Harappan civilization (∼3000–1500 BCE) and the Vedic Period (∼1500–500 BCE). As in other ancient civilizations across the world, the need to manage water propelled the growth of hydrologic science in ancient India. Most of the ancient hydrologic knowledge, however, has remained hidden and unfamiliar to the world at large until the recent times. In this paper, we provide some fascinating glimpses into the hydrological, hydraulic, and related engineering knowledge that existed in ancient India, as discussed in contemporary literature and revealed by the recent explorations and findings. The Vedas, particularly, the Rigveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda, have many references to the water cycle and associated processes, including water quality, hydraulic machines, hydro-structures, and nature-based solutions (NBS) for water management. The Harappan civilization epitomizes the level of development of water sciences in ancient India that includes construction of sophisticated hydraulic structures, wastewater disposal systems based on centralized and decentralized concepts, and methods for wastewater treatment. The Mauryan Empire (∼322–185 BCE) is credited as the first “hydraulic civilization” and is characterized by the construction of dams with spillways, reservoirs, and channels equipped with spillways (Pynes and Ahars); they also had an understanding of water balance, development of water pricing systems, measurement of rainfall, and knowledge of the various hydrological processes. As we investigate deeper into the references to hydrologic works in ancient Indian literature including the mythology, many fascinating dimensions of the Indian scientific contributions emerge. This review presents the various facets of water management, exploring disciplines such as history, archeology, hydrology and hydraulic engineering, and culture and covering the geographical area of the entire Indian subcontinent to the east of the Indus River. The review covers the period from the Mature Harappan Phase to the Vedic Period and the Mauryan Empire.
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Dahal, Girdhari. "Nepal and India Relation After 12 Points Understanding." Journal of Political Science 20 (October 4, 2020): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jps.v20i0.31795.
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With multidimensional aspects, Nepal India relation is historical, social, political and culturally embodied. Both countries adhere to a unique relationship of friendship and cooperation characterized by open borders and deep-rooted people-to-people contacts of kinship and culture. Pedestal on secondary data this article aims to discuss the major developments in Indo-Nepal relation after 12 points understanding. Nepalese and Indian governments, in order to review the past treaties and agreements between the two countries, made EPG of four members each from both countries. Similarly, Nepal and India exchanged high level visits between them. Nepal made a new constitution in 2015 and promulgated it. However, India was not satisfied with some of the content of it, so India imposed unilateral blockade. Later, Nepal India relation was normalized, and again, Nepal and India have a dispute on Limpiyadhura-Lipulekh border. The vital concern is what has happened to the relations built on historical ties? This paper looks at the relations India once had with Nepal, and where it stands today. There have been many ups and downs in Nepal India relation after 12 points understanding and even during the present border dispute. However, all problems and disputes can be solved through diplomatic dialogues at various levels. Bilateral relations can grow further with unfaltering commitment to the doctrines of peaceable coexistence, sovereign equality, and understanding of each other’s aspirations and sensitivities.
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Ellis, David H., and Gale Monson. "A Historical Review of Peregrine Falcon Breeding and Summering Records for Arizona and the Navajo Indian Reservation." Southwestern Naturalist 34, no. 4 (December 1989): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3671525.
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LEES, JAMES. "Administrator-scholars and the Writing of History in Early British India: A review article." Modern Asian Studies 48, no. 3 (July 30, 2013): 826–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x13000322.
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AbstractThe histories of Asian peoples penned by British East India Company officials during the early years of colonial rule—rightly—have long been considered to be doubtful source material within the historiography of South Asia. Their credibility was suspect well before the middle of the twentieth century, when Bernard Cohn's work began to present the British colonial state as one that relentlessly sought to categorize Indian society, and to use the distorted information thus gained to impose its government.However, the histories of these administrator-scholars still retain value—not as accurate studies of their subjects, perhaps, but as barometers of the times in which they were written and also in the unexpected ways in which some continue to resonate in the present. To illustrate that point, this paper will review three recent monographs which deal with the writings and historical legacies of some of the Company's most prominent early nineteenth-century administrator-scholars. These are: Jason Freitag's Serving Empire, Serving Nation: James Tod and the Rajputs of Rajasthan; Jack Harrington's Sir John Malcolm and the Creation of British India; and Rama Mantena's work centred around the antiquarian pursuits of Colin Mackenzie, The Origins of Modern Historiography in India: Antiquarianism and Philology, 1780–1880.1
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Whiteman, Henri(etta). "Historical Review of Indian Education: Cultural Policies United States Position IX Inter-American Indian Congress Santa Fe, New Mexico October 28 November 1, 1985." Wicazo Sa Review 2, no. 1 (1986): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1409343.
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Conand, Chantal, Michel Claereboudt, Chamari Dissayanake, Ameer Ebrahim, Stella Fernando, Rodney Godvinden, Thierry Lavitra, et al. "Review of fisheries and management of sea cucumbers in the Indian Ocean." Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science 21, no. 1 (August 23, 2022): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.10.
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Several sea cucumber species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) are fished, mostly for export of the dried product for Oriental consumers. Previous studies had analysed the historical trends at the world-scale until 2014. In the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) holothurian fisheries have a long history and several programmes have tried to ameliorate their management. Information has been recently gathered through a questionnaire and access to the most recent, yet unpublished available data (2015 to 2021) from different countries, through the evaluation of catches and/or processed product, present management systems, the imports of beche de mer and other products from Indian Ocean (IO) countries into the major market hub of Hong Kong SAR, and the Food and Agricuture Organisation (FAO) yearly statistics. The results are first presented for WIO countries, highlighting recent improvements in management. Imports from 16 WIO countries into the Hong Kong market (2017-2020 data) indicate the importance of the hub. The FAO world statistics are used to present the changes for the last few years, concentrating on the WIO countries. The recent trends show that demand for holothurians is still very high. Inconsistencies in the unit used in the reported statistics (fresh or dry weight) exist, and this needs to be addressed. The national data should be collected at the species level, to be able to follow the changes and the stock status. A regional approach is needed to encourage use of comparable management tools and follow future trends.
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Yavuz, Betül. "Reflections of the transnational capitalist class on the global health: The case of India." Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research 12, no. 2 (March 20, 2021): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmab006.
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Abstract Objectives This study aims to explore the transformations in the relation of global health and capitalism during the last three decades and its reflections on the nature of power relations between the state, local and transnational capital in the Indian pharmaceutical industry. Methods In this study, the effects of the developments in the international political economy after TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) in the global pharmaceutical sector and in the Indian local sector are examined within the framework of the International Relations discipline. In this sense, a historical review of the Global Patent Regime has been made and a literature review has been conducted on the global pharmaceutical industry, drug patents and post-TRIPS agreements. Qualitative research method is used in the study in which the literature review is evaluated in an empirical and theoretical framework. Key findings The Global Patent Regime has been constructed for the interests of the transnational capitalist hegemon and in this sense has increased inequality in the global health. However, when the changes created by the global economy in the pharmaceutical sector, cooperation between the Southern countries and state policies are analysed, it is seen that a struggle area has been formed. This struggle adds value to global health in terms of access to medicine. Conclusions In transnational capitalism, the emergence of the state in strategic sectors such as the pharmaceutical sector in India indicates a new political and economic power.
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Rahman, MH, T. Jesmin, and G. Muinuddin. "An Update of Management of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome: A Review Article." Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 37, no. 2 (December 4, 2013): 102–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v37i2.17268.
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Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common childhood kidney disease characterized by protein leakage from the blood to the urine through the glomeruli, resulting of proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, generalized edema and hypercholesterolemia. The prevalence of minimal change nephrotic syndrome is higher in Indian subcontinent. Such incidence in Bangladesh is yet unknown. This review article discusses historical background, epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology and classification of nephrotic syndrome. In this review article focuses have been made on management of children aged between 1 to 18 years with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. This article also provides information of different guideline recommendations and a brief review of relevant treatment trials related to each recommendation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v37i2.17268 BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2013; VOL 37 (2) : 102-121