Journal articles: 'Indian literature'

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K.J.G. "Indian Literature." Americas 45, no. 1 (1988): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500074940.

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Narayan, Uma. "Basic Indian Legal Literature for Foreign Legal Professionals**." International Journal of Legal Information 37, no. 3 (2009): 333–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500005382.

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Among Asian Nations, India has become a major political, cultural and business hub. This situation has contributed to frequent interaction of foreign governments, foreign nationals and businesspersons with India and Indians. In order to make them aware of the Indian Legal System and Literatures - so that they act within scope of the system – I present here a brief article giving an introduction to Indian legal literature and legal sources.Two earlier resources for Indian legal materials include:1. A Bibliography of Indian Law, edited by Charles Henry Alexandrowicz, (Oxford University Press, 1958), and2. Indian Legal Materials: A Bibliographic Guide, by H.C. Jain, (N.M. Tripathi, Bombay, 1970).

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Mariani, Giorgio. "The Red and the Black: Images of American Indians in the Italian Political Landscape." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 53, s1 (2018): 327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stap-2018-0016.

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Abstract In Italy, over the last decades, both the Left and the Right have repeatedly employed American Indians as political icons. The Left and the Right, that is, both adopted and adapted certain real or often outright invented features of American Indian culture and history to promote their own ideas, values, and political campaigns. The essay explores how well-established stereotypes such as those of the ecological Indian, the Indian as victim, and the Indian as fearless warrior, have often surfaced in Italian political discourse. The “Indiani Metropolitani” student movement resorted to “Indian” imagery and concepts to rejuvenate the languages of the old socialist and communist left, whereas the Right has for the most part preferred to brandish the Indian as an image of a bygone past, threatened by modernization and, especially, by immigration. Indians are thus compared to contemporary Europeans, struggling to resist being invaded by “foreign” peoples. While both the Left and the Right reinvent American Indians for their own purposes, and could be said to practice a form of cultural imperialism, the essay argues that the Leftist appropriations of the image of the Indian were always marked by irony. Moreover, while the Right’s Indians can be seen as instances of what Walter Benjamin (1969) described as Fascism’s aestheticization of politics, groups like the Indiani Metropolitani tried to politicize the aesthetics.

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Velie, Alan. "Ethnicity, Indian Identity, and Indian Literature." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 23, no. 1 (1999): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicr.23.1.y8r3447q716l7545.

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Pillai, Prof Nitin. "Reconstructing Indian Identity Through Literature." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 4 (2011): 227–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/apr2013/76.

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Naikar, Basavaraj, and A. Aravindakshan. "Comparative Indian Literature." World Literature Today 73, no. 1 (1999): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40154659.

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Malik, Surendra. "Indian Legal Literature." International Journal of Legal Information 36, no. 2 (2008): 300–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500003073.

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Indian Legal literature is comprehensive and exhaustive in that it fully encompasses the law prevailing in India in all its varied aspects. Statutory law, case law, and minor portions of customary and religion-based laws are well documented and readily accessible. Fortunately, from the point of view of a foreign reader, nearly all of the law currently prevalent in India is available in English.

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Herman, R. ""Something Savage and Luxuriant": American Identity and the Indian Place-Name Literature." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 39, no. 1 (2015): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicr.39.1.u435154w2j7n2112.

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The treatment of American Indian place-names provides a window into the growth of American nationalism since 1776 and attitudes towards Indians by the new settler society. Originally ignored or erased by European colonists, Indian place-names became a subject of fascination and scholarship from the late-nineteenth century, at the same time that Indians themselves were marginalized to reservations. A large body of literature produced by non-Natives sometimes frames these place names as "romantic," and other times as distinctly unromantic. In the voluminous literature on this topic, the treatment of Indians and their place-names reflects diverse and shifting attitudes towards American Indians in United States culture, as elaborated by Philip Deloria and Robert Berkhofer. Drawing on approximately 120 texts on Indian place-names, this study uses the lens of romance, a polyvalent term with various implications, to examine how non-Native writings on these toponyms reveals attitudes towards Indians themselves and their place in the American nationalist imagination.

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Jayasinghe, Manouri K. "The Significance of Native Indian Presence in American Literature." Asian Review of Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (2022): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2022.11.1.3067.

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The image of the Native Indian, was used on both sides of the Atlantic for many years but subsequent to the American war waged against Great Britain in 1812, the Native Indian image was given a previously unseen prominence in American literary works, and this lasted for almost half a century. The reason for this swift change of status of the Native Indians is revealed through the present paper. The works of Irving, Cooper, Longfellow, Hawthorne, and Melville have been referred to in order to strengthen my premise. Hawthorne and Melville use a technique different from the other authors who focus directly on the Native Indians thus proving their importance in American literature of the early 19th century. In The Scarlet Letter and Moby-Dick or The Whale, the respective authors, Hawthorne and Melville bring out the importance of the Native Indians through the almost imperceptible presence of the Native Indians. To understand this, a basic understanding of the plots being required, the storylines of the novels are concisely unfolded through a narrative analysis deriving from a qualitative approach. This enables the reader to understand Hawthorne and Melville’s approach to establishing the significance of the Native Indians and their sudden boost in status in the American literary sphere.

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Danner, Leno Francisco, Julie Dorrico, and Fernando Danner. "LITERATURA INDÍGENA BRASILEIRA: ENTRE TRADIÇÃO, CRÍTICA E RESISTÊNCIA." Revista Graphos 21, no. 1 (2019): 212–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.1516-1536.2019v21n1.46536.

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Argumentaremos sobre a literatura indígena brasileira produzida a partir da década de 1990 como uma perspectiva estético-política que entrelaça tradição ancestral com e como crítica do presente, resistência cultural e luta política, aliando-se profundamente ao Movimento Indígena brasileiro surgido a partir de fins de 1970 e, em verdade, tornando-se seu instrumento de legitimação normativa. A literatura indígena é posicionamento político e práxis pedagógica dos indígenas por si mesmos e desde si mesmos, direcionados à politização da questão indígena a partir de um profundo diálogo com a sociedade civil acerca de nossa constituição sociocultural e institucional. Assim, propomos como chave de leitura para a literatura indígena sua vinculação ao Movimento Indígena, sua politização radical e sua utilização da tradição como crítica do presente enquanto ferramentas metodológicas para o acesso a ela e, principalmente, para que não se perca de vista seu sentido e sua orientação profundamente políticos e politizantes.   Palavras-chave: Literatura Indígena. Tradição. Crítica. Resistência. Desconstrução.  BRAZILIAN INDIAN LITERATURE: BETWEEN TRADITION, CRITICISM AND RESISTANCE  Abstract: This paper explores the Brazilian Indian literature produced since the1990s. This is seen as an aesthetical-political perspective which intertwines ancestral tradition with and as critic of the present, cultural resistance and political struggle, profoundly allying to the Brazilian Indian Movement that appeared in the end of the 1970s, and, actually, becoming its instrument for normative legitimation. Indian literature is understood as political standing and pedagogical praxis of the Indians by and from themselves, directed to the politicization of Indian issues emerging from a profound dialogue with the civil society about our social-cultural and institutional constitution. Therefore, it is argued that the reading key for Indian Literature should be its connection to the Indian Movement, its radical politicization, and its use of tradition as critics of the present as methodological tools for the access to it and mainly not to forget its deep political and politicizing sense and orientation.   Keywords: Indian Literature. Tradition. Criticism. Resistance. Deconstruction.

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Bhat, Sami Ullah. "Indian English Fiction: Seeding to Efflorescence." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 9, no. 2 (2024): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.92.28.

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Indian English literature began as an interesting by-product of an eventful encounter in the late eighteenth century between a vigorous and enterprising Britain and a stagnant and chaotic India. As a result of this encounter as F.W. Bain puts it ‘India a withered trunk… suddenly shot out with foreign foliage’. The first problem that confronts the historian of Indian English literature is to define its nature. The question has been made rather complicated owing to two factors: first this body of writing has, from time to time, been designated variously as ‘Indo-Anglian literature’, ‘Indian Writing in English’ and ‘Indo-English literature’. Secondly the failure to make clear-cut distinctions has also often led to confusion between categories such as ‘Anglo-Indian literature’, literature in the Indian languages translated into English and original composition in English by Indians. Thus, in his A Sketch of Anglo-Indian Literature (1908), E.F. Oaten considers the poetry of Henry Derizio as a part of ‘Anglo-Indian literature’ the same critic in his essay on Anglo-Indian literature in the Cambridge of English Literature includes Toru Dutt, Sarojini Naidu, Rabindranath Tagore and Arvindo Ghose among ‘Anglo-Indian writers along with F.W. Bain and F.A. Steel.

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Nand, Brahma, Margit Köves, Shaswati Mazumdar, and Margit Koves. "Lukacs and Indian Literature." Social Scientist 18, no. 10 (1990): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3517381.

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Morris, Mervyn. "Making West Indian Literature." Anthurium A Caribbean Studies Journal 10, no. 2 (2013): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33596/anth.237.

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Maheshwari, Purva. "Master of Indian Literature." Motifs : An International Journal of English Studies 2, no. 1 (2016): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2454-1753.2016.00006.4.

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Takahashi, Akira. "Recent Anglo-Indian Literature." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 33, no. 2 (1985): 687–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.33.687.

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Bhaduri, Uma. "Diversity in Indian Literature." International Journal of Diversity in Organizations, Communities, and Nations: Annual Review 7, no. 6 (2008): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9532/cgp/v07i06/39521.

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King, Bruce. "Varieties of Indian literature." Journal of Postcolonial Writing 48, no. 4 (2012): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2012.684953.

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Singh, Ravindra Kumar. "Caste Issue in Literature and Regional Literature." Stallion Journal for Multidisciplinary Associated Research Studies 2, no. 4 (2023): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/sjmars.2.4.2.

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The key objective of this piece of writing is to examine the manner in which caste is portrayed as a subject for two popular schools of writing in India, that is, Indian Literature in English & Indian Literature in other languages. The collaboration of David Davidar & Omprakash Valmiki is chosen for the post. Among their plays, The House of Blue Mangoes (2002) & Joothan: A Dalit's Life (2003) are selected because they deal with caste problems. Both plays are critical portrayals of the lives of low-caste citizens & their efforts to come to grips with the truth of their shackled life. This is not a question of classifying the two schools of writing, but of examining their disparities in the way they explain the caste concept as portrayed in mainstream writing and regional writing. In order to understand the developments in writing & regional writing, it is important to have an overview of Indian literature in English & Indian literature in English translation.

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Ravindra Kumar Singh and Usha Sawhney. "Research on Marginalized Literature." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 2, no. 4 (2022): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.2.4.53.

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Introduction manages the foundation of Indian English Novel. It follows the development of Indian English Fiction in order to place this theory in appropriate point of view. An Indian English epic consistently has given cognizant voice to the enduring segment of the general public. Right now, endeavor is made to make a study of the commitment of Indian English writer to make this type wealthy in quality and amount. The section centers around how Indian authors have purchased name and popularity to Indian English papers. It centers around the commitment of Mulk Raj Anand, Rohinton Mistry, Arundhati Roy and Manju Kapur have given conscious voice to the marginalized area of the general public.

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Malik, Shaista, Ayaz Muhammad Shah, and Abdul Shakoor Abassi. "AMERICAN INDIAN LITERATURE AS ‘LITERATURE OF COMBAT’." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 05, no. 01 (2023): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v5i01.1002.

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The present research paper aims to explore the ways in which literature and its celluloid stepchild, the cinema, have been employed in combination with supposedly nonfictional venues to falsify the realities of Euro- American interaction with the continent’s indigenous people, both historically and in the contemporary setting. Its purpose is to shred away to some extent an elaborate shroud of misimpression and misinformation behind which the dreadful visage of Euro-American subjugation, occupation and massacre have been so prudently veiled. These all complications are accredited to ethnic and social deterioration which is outcome of intensified control of genocide, colonialism, enforced cultural and institutional accommodation, monetary reliance and racism.Keywords: Colonization, American Indian cultures, Collapse of social structures, Resistance literature, Native survival, Systematic marginalization.

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SURISETTY, RAJESWARI, and M. MARY MADHAVI. "Reflection Of Indian English And Philosophy In Writings Of R.K Narayan In English Literature." Think India 22, no. 2 (2019): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i2.8756.

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Rasipuram Krishnaswami Iyer Narayanaswami, a well-known South Indian writer, creator of a fictional town ‘Malgudi” developed a sense of interest among middle- class people in India to read short stories in English. He is the spell caster of encompassing Indianism into English literature through his writings. This celebrated Indian novelist brought an aroma of Southern Indian Coffee into English and indianized it through his fictional stories which connect with real time situations of a common Indian. This distinguished writer captivated readers through his meticulous mastery over foreign language on Indian soil. His short stories are the best paradigm to understand Indian English that is entangled with beliefs, traditions, culture to an extent superstitions existed in the routes of Indian lives. Contrast between the lives of Western and Indians’ lives in various aspects are illustrated through his short stories and novels. The present paper tries to highlight Indianized contexts into English literature by this outstanding writer. It also attempts to show how characters in the short stories of Narayan are related to Karmic philosophy.

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Khan, Afsheen, and Dr Mona Dandwate. "Contribution of the British To Develop Indian English Literature." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Configuration 2, no. 1 (2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52984/ijomrc2102.

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Development of Indian English Literature in India gathered momentum with the consolidation of British imperialism in India. As we know the British sow the seed of Indian Writing in English during the period of the British rule in India. English language and literature in India starts with the advent of East India Company in India. It all started in the summers of 1608 when Emperor Jahangir, in the courts of Mughals, welcomed Captain William Hawkins, Commander of British Naval Expedition Hector. It was India's first tryst with an Englishman and English. Jahangir later allowed Britain to open a permanent port and factory on the special request of King James IV that was conveyed by his ambassador Sir Thomas Roe. English were here to stay. Indian writings in English were heavily influenced by the Western art form of the novel. It was typical for the early Indian English language writers to use English unadulterated by Indian words to convey experiences that were primarily Indian. The core reason behind this step was the fact that most of the readers were either British or British educated Indians. In the early 20th century, when the British conquest of India was achieved, a new breed of writers started to emerge on the block. These writers were essentially British who were born or brought up or both in India. Their writing consisted of Indian themes and sentiments but the way of storytelling was primarily western. They had no reservation in using native words, though, to signify the context. This group consisted likes of Rudyard Kipling, Jim Corbett, and George Orwell among others. In fact, some of the writings of that era are still considered to be masterpieces of English Literature. KEYWORDS: Contribution of British, Development, British works & strategy, English Literature.

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Et. al., Pooja P. Walke. "A Survey on “Machine translation Approaches for Indian Languages”." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (2021): 4792–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1941.

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Translation has always helped India to knit Indians together with respect to its rich culture and literature. Ideas and concepts like ‘Indian ancient literature’,’Indian rich culture’,’Indian philosophy’ and ‘Indian knowledgeable systems’ would have been impossible in the absence of translations with their natural integrationist mission.Machine Translation assist to translate Information presented in one language to other language. Information can be present in form of text, speech and image translating this information helps for sharing of information and ultimately information gain.Translation process is an extremely complex & challenging process. It requires an in-depth knowledge about grammar of both the languages i.e. Source language and Target language to frame the rules for target language generation. Marathi is a regional Indian language and consists of a lot of literature that could be useful if projected in the universal English language. As manual translation is a tedious task, we propose a literature survey about machine translation systems that translates Indian Languages into English Language using various Machine translation approaches like RBMT, SMT, NMT, Hybrid translation

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Sabin, Margery, Amit Chaudhuri, Salman Rushdie, Elizabeth West, K. Lalita, and Susie Tharu. "Anthologies of Modern Indian Literature." College English 68, no. 1 (2005): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30044666.

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Khokhar, Sonika. "Modern Indian Literature in Translation." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 7, no. 4 (2022): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.74.40.

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The translation is essential to communicate the meaning of one language into another without disturbing the originally felt emotions. It has been noticed that translation has always been primary to Indian literature, and especially Indian English literature. Encouraging translation talent in India is also a relatively new and interesting space. Since the vernacular writings have been translated into English, it’s getting easier for the audiences to understand the point of view of the writers. It is the strength of this vernacular pen that makes writings so dynamic in Indian languages. In the Indian context translation to English is also an act of harmony as it brings voices of protest and those of the subaltern as well, to the advantaged and the powerful challenging them in their space. This research will focus on Marathi subaltern writings translated into English and their impact on the readers, especially the literature created by Dalits (formerly referred to as Untouchables), one of the most exploited and silenced communities in India.

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Dey, S., and K. M. George. "Comparative Indian Literature. Vol. 1." World Literature Today 59, no. 1 (1985): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40140820.

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YAMAHATA, Tomoyuki. "Apabhramsa Meters in Indian Literature." Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) 57, no. 2 (2009): 854–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.57.2_854.

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King, Tom, and Paula Gunn Allen. "Studies in American Indian Literature." MELUS 12, no. 1 (1985): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/467258.

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Sherzer, Joel, and William Bright. "American Indian Linguistics and Literature." Language 62, no. 2 (1986): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414684.

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Perry, John Oliver, and K. Satchidanandan. "Indian Literature: Positions and Propositions." World Literature Today 73, no. 3 (1999): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40155044.

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Perry, John Oliver, and M. K. Naik. "Studies in Indian English Literature." World Literature Today 62, no. 2 (1988): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40143760.

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Berner, Robert L., and Alan R. Velie. "American Indian Literature: An Anthology." World Literature Today 66, no. 1 (1992): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40148061.

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Mandal, Somdatta. "Indian diasporic literature and cinema." South Asian Diaspora 7, no. 2 (2015): 184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19438192.2015.1057984.

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Ray, Harprasad, and N. Das. "Indian Images in Chinese Literature." China Report 22, no. 1 (1986): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000944558602200106.

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Dr. R. Hithayath Khan. "Magical Realism in Indian Literature." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, no. 3 (2023): 1958–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i3.625.

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Magic realism or magical realism is a genre where magical or unreal elements play a natural part in an otherwise realistic environment. Although it is most commonly used as a literary genre, magic realism also applies to film and the visual arts. An example of magic realism occurs when a character in the story continuous to be alive beyond the normal length of life and this is subtly depicted by the character being present throughout many generations. On the surface the story has no clear magical attributes and everything is conveyed in a real setting and breaks the rules of our real world. Magic realism is term used to describe the everyday reality with supernatural events. The two terms ‘magic’ and ‘realism’ have become to intertwined that strange, unearthly happenings become almost an accepted, even normal part of daily life. Magic realism considers being a postcolonial phenomenon. Magic realism is to be found only in the post colonial texts. The writers of colonized countries incorporate magic realism in their writings as a mode of resistance to western rationalism. There is no place for logic in magic realism. In countries like India, People believe in myths and ghosts as they believe in history. Magical things do not constitute the Indian culture. There is realism also. Diaspora writers’ characters make use of magic realism to escape to a world of fantasy for it provides them pleasure, relief, and an escape from the excruciating pain they experience in an alien land. The term magical realism was introduced by Franz Roh, a German art critic in 1952. When Roh coined the term the mean it to create an art category the strayed from the strict guidelines of realism, but the term did not name an artistic movement until the 1940s in Latin America and the Caribbean. Magic realism or Magical realism is a genre of 20th century English literature. This paper deals Magical Realism in Indian literature and its authors.

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Gibbons, Estelle. "Links to Literature: Children's Literature: Impetus for a Mathematical Adventure." Teaching Children Mathematics 3, no. 3 (1996): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.3.3.0142.

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The day started like any other. My fifth graders and I had just finished reading a chapter of The Indian in the Cupboard (Banks 1980) (fig. 1), a wonderful fantasy about a toy plastic Indian, Little Bear, who magically comes to life, and the adventures he encounters while trying to survive in a giant world.

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Lakshmi, N. "Role of Translation and Impact on Indian Literature." Dialogue: A Journal Devoted to Literary Appreciation 19, no. 01 (2023): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30949/dajdtla.v19i1.1.

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    Translation is an age-old activity which occupied a part of all regional literatures since the past. The retracement can be traced to the times of the great epics as The Ramayana and The Mahabharata. India has been a multilinguistic, polyglot nation with translations from Sanskrit, Prakrit and Pali into many regional languages. Translation brings to the readers not just the meaning and context but also the cultural, social, philosophical, and psychological truths inherent in those texts and their transfer to the new language into which the text is translated. The present article attempts to reveal a few facets of Indian translations in literature and its impact on readers. This paper also focuses on the nature of translation by Indians done using translation as a tool of transformation of literature contributing to the language pantheon.   

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Kumar, Soumya Nair Anoop. "Indian Dalit Literature — A Reflection of Cultural Marginality." International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics 2, no. 4 (2016): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijlll.2016.2.4.97.

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Shamsuddin, Salahuddin. "Islamic Urdu Literature: A Heretical Islamic Literature in Indian Subcontinent." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 10, no. 6 (2023): 378–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.106.14920.

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The Intellectual heritage of India is an integral part of Islamic civilization in Indian subcontinent and the development of Islamic civilization in India represents a regional pattern or a local formation of this civilization that occurred as a reaction and in response to the developments that were the result of Islam's insistence on survival in India and its fear for itself of being lost. The link among Urdu, Persian, Arabic and Turkish literatures is that each of them is considered influenced in its dimensions by Islamic civilization that emerges from the religion, science and art, and it is not permissible under any circumstances to sever the link among them, and we give an example for that saying that Persian literature is influenced by Arabic literature and the ancient Turkish literature is influenced by Persian literature influenced by Arabic literature, and Urdu literature is influenced by Arabic, Persian and Turkish literature, and from here we find similarities among these literatures that depict and speak about Islamic civilization in its various manifestations. Language of these different literatures is influenced by Arabic, as they contain countless Arabic words that evidence that they are all branched out from one origin, which is Islamic religion.

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Srika, M. "A Critical Analysis on “Revolution 2020” - An Amalgam of Socio- Political Commercialization World Combined with Love Triangle." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 10 (2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i10.10255.

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Literature is considered to be an art form or writing that have Artistic or Intellectual value. Literature is a group of works produced by oral and written form. Literature shows the style of Human Expression. The word literature was derived from the Latin root word ‘Litertura / Litteratura’ which means “Letter or Handwriting”. Literature is culturally relative defined. Literature can be grouped through their Languages, Historical Period, Origin, Genre and Subject. The kinds of literature are Poems, Novels, Drama, Short Story and Prose. Fiction and Non-Fiction are their major classification. Some types of literature are Greek literature, Latin literature, German literature, African literature, Spanish literature, French literature, Indian literature, Irish literature and surplus. In this vast division, the researcher has picked out Indian English Literature. Indian literature is the literature used in Indian Subcontinent. The earliest Indian literary works were transmitted orally. The Sanskrit oral literature begins with the gatherings of sacred hymns called ‘Rig Veda’ in the period between 1500 - 1200 B.C. The classical Sanskrit literature was developed slowly in the earlier centuries of the first millennium. Kannada appeared in 9th century and Telugu in 11th century. Then, Marathi, Odiya and Bengali literatures appeared later. In the early 20th century, Hindi, Persian and Urdu literature begins to appear.

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Pulsipher, Jenny Hale. "“Dark Cloud Rising from the East”: Indian Sovereignty and the Coming of King William's War in New England." New England Quarterly 80, no. 4 (2007): 588–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq.2007.80.4.588.

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King William's War (1689–97) has long been overshadowed by the wars bracketing it, but it was pivotal to English-Indian relations. As the English violated the treaty promises concluding King Philip's War and ignored Indian sovereignty, Indians turned to the French, establishing an alliance that would characterize the French and Indian Wars to come.

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KP, Krishnaveni. "The Indian Women Writers and their Contributions to Indian Literature." American Research Journal of English and Literature 7, no. 1 (2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21694/2378-9026.21007.

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The Indian women writers are the one who mainly talks about the male ego and female desire for freedom. Through their writings women writer tries to oppose the male dominance over them. Indian women writers depict the injustices, the anguish and the despair they received in a male dominated society. Many of the writings can be considered as a mutiny against the restraints which the society thrust upon women. In this man-centered world they are trying to bring out the feminine identity through their works. Indian women writers never attempted to adopt any masculine roles to achieve themselves as equal as men, but through their writings they came across all the barrier of class, gender and space boundaries. They try to project masculinity and femininity as equal categories. Though through their works the Indian women writers tries to project women’s responses to gender questions. However, they tried to depict the fact that writings of women need not be differentiated by language or location.

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Trivedi, Harish. "Colonial Influence, Postcolonial Intertextuality: Western Literature and Indian Literature." Forum for Modern Language Studies 43, no. 2 (2007): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fmls/cqm006.

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Bhatnagar, Rashmi Dube, and Rajender Kaur. "Realism, Indian Literature, and World Literature: An Annotated Bibliography." South Asian Review 32, no. 1 (2011): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02759527.2011.11932811.

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Gupta, Ankita. "East-West Romanticisms: Understanding Indian Romanticism through Chhayavad - A Study in Comparative Indian Literature." Journal of Advanced Research in English & Education 03, no. 02 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2456.4370.201804.

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Sabin, Margery. "Review: Anthologies of Modern Indian Literature." College English 68, no. 1 (2005): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ce20054102.

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Reviewed are The Vintage Book of Modern Indian Literature, edited by Amit Chaudhuri; Mirrorwork: Fifty Years of Indian Writing, 1947–1997, edited by Salman Rushdie and Elizabeth West; and Women Writing in India, Vol. 2: The Twentieth Century, edited by K. Lalita and Susie Tharu.

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Adami, Esterino. "More than Language and Literature." Le Simplegadi 18, no. 20 (2020): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17456/simple-155.

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This article investigates the interdisciplinary connections between language and literature in the Indian postcolonial context. I argue that a linguistic approach to contemporary Indian English fiction is useful to unpack complex cultural, social and identitarian questions. As a case study, I analyse some of the short stories from The Adivasi Will Not Dance (2017) by Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar, a contemporary author from a marginalised ethnic group of rural India. My methodology benefits from postcolonial studies, sociolinguistics and critical stylistics, to show how Shekhar reshapes the canon by foregrounding Indian English, borrowings from the Santhali language and registers of specialised discourse.

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Gupta, Jasmine. "Indian Literature Review on Financial Inclusion." Asian Journal of Research in Banking and Finance 7, no. 10 (2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7323.2017.00119.5.

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Mayer, Nevin J. "Sources: Encyclopedia of American Indian Literature." Reference & User Services Quarterly 47, no. 3 (2008): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.47n3.285.

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Sheth, HiteshC, Zindadil Gandhi, and GK Vankar. "Anxiety disorders in ancient Indian literature." Indian Journal of Psychiatry 52, no. 3 (2010): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.71009.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Indian literature'

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