Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Indian Movies'

This dissertation uses discursive formation as the methodological approach to examine representations of Indian Christians in eleven Bollywood movies released during the 2004-2014 decade. The decade witnessed the exit and eventual re-entry of the Hindu Right, and the citizenry during that period experienced centrist, liberal, and secular governance. Since the present of Indian Christianity is inextricable from a colonial past, and Bollywood emerges in response to colonialism, a postcolonial intervention in methodology and theory is undertaken. A postcolonial perspective illuminates the discourses that enable the formation of the postcolonial nation, i.e., the ways a nation imagines its culture, people, traditions, boundaries, and Others. There is a suggested relationship between the representations of Indian Christians in Bollywood movies and the decade of secular governance because the analysis is approached from the position that culture and media produce and re-produce each other. The representations of Christians in Bollywood movies are a product of contemporary and historical cultural, legal, political, and social discourses. This dissertation demonstrates that representations of Christians as hypersexual women and emasculated men within an emergent Hindu modernity discursively constructs India as a Hindu nation, and Christians as the westernized Other. The theoretical contributions pertain to belonging in the nation through homonationalism and hypersexualization; the relationship between democratic representations and media; the postcolonial ambivalent identity of the Bollywood industry because of way it represents Indian Christians in response to colonialism; and the Indian Christian community’s postcolonial identity as a way to make sense of their contemporary and historical identity.

La littérature et le cinéma Indiens contemporains s’inscrivent dans une dynamique qui va de pair avec les profondes mutations socio-économiques qui touchent l’Inde depuis la fin des années mille neuf cent quatre vingt. En effet, de nombreux romans et films se caractérisent par une liberté d’expression qui aborde de nombreux sujets autrefois considérés comme tabous. Le vent du renouveau qui balaie l’Inde est également marqué par l’augmentation du nombre d’auteures et de réalisatrices qui placent la femme au coeur de leurs récits et de leurs intrigues. Ainsi, l’objectif de cette étude est de montrer d’une part, comment l’image de la femme Indienne passive et soumise a été construite pendant le long processus de colonisation, d’autre part, comment la littérature et le cinéma contemporains tentent de réhabiliter la place de la femme dans l’histoire afin de construire une représentation nouvelle et dynamique qui symbolise la femme Indienne des années deux mille. Les romans respectifs d’Anita Nair et de Githa Hariharan, Compartiment pour dames et Les Mille visages de la nuit, tout comme les films Fire, Water de Deepa Mehta ainsi que Le Mariage des moussons de Mira Nair s’inscrivent dans un mouvement de résistance où l’agentivité des héroïnes témoigne de la volonté et de la difficulté de s’affranchir de trois siècles de mise à la marge. Dans une première partie, nous proposons de parcourir l'histoire, celle qui a attribué à l'homme des capacités supérieures à celles de la femme, lui conférant par extension une autorité, un pouvoir de domination. Cette approche historique et sociologique permet de comprendre comment ont été construits les liens qui unissent l'humain et le divin en Inde. Notre regard se posera également sur les bouleversements conséquents engendrés par la colonisation britannique. Cette période de l'histoire de l’Inde sera analysée afin de mettre en évidence les modes opératoires par lesquels l’empire britannique est parvenu à imposer un mode de vie fidèle à sa vision du monde tout en excluant les femmes des sphères décisionnelles afin de les « consigner » dans l'espace domestique. La seconde partie de la thèse analyse l'espace familial, devenu le lieu par excellence de reproduction des postulats androcentriques. Cet espace privé sera observé de près et nous nous engagerons dans une démarche qui combine psychanalyse et sociologie afin de démontrer l’importance de la construction du féminin dans le processus de déconstruction identitaire. Nous porterons une attention particulière au rôle jouer par la mère dans le processus de reproduction. La position ambivalente qu’elle occupe conduit souvent à une fragmentation entre l’être physique, l’être social et l’être psychique. La psyché devient alors un espace habité par le doute et la peur tout en étant l'ultime refuge de réconfort. Ce décentrement entre le corps et l'esprit nous emmènera dans le domaine de la psychosomatique, là où le rêve est le lieu privilégié de la reconstruction psychique. Nous observerons également les stratégies utilisées par les romancières et les cinéastes afin d’entamer le processus de reconstruction identitaire de leurs héroïnes. La troisième partie s'intéresse au cinéma et à la littérature à travers leur complémentarité. Dans un premier temps, nous retracerons l’histoire du cinéma de la marge et nous soulignerons son caractère engagé qui le différencie de certains cinémas populaires tels que bollywood. Par la suite, nous effectuons un rapprochement entre le roman et son adaptation au cinéma afin de mettre en évidence la complémentarité des oeuvres ainsi que la notion de solidarité qui représente un point essentiel dans ce travail collaboratif. En effet, les cinéastes de la diaspora que sont Deepa Mehta et Mira Nair, ont développé une approche militante et solidaire que l’on retrouve aussi bien dans l’écriture du script que dans le choix des acteurs et des actrices
Contemporary Indian literature and cinema are part of a dynamic that goes hand in hand with the profound socio-economic changes that have affected India since the end of the nineteen eighties. Indeed, many novels and films are characterized by a freedom of expression that touches on many subjects that were once considered taboo. The wind of renewal sweeping India is also marked by the increase in the number of writers and directors who place women at the heart of their stories and intrigues. Thus, the objective of this study is to show, on the one hand, how the image of the passive and submissive Indian woman was constructed during the long process of colonization, on the other hand, how contemporary literature and cinema attempt to rehabilitate the place of women in history in order to build a new and dynamic representation which symbolizes the Indian woman of the 2000s. The respective novels of Anita Nair and Githa Hariharan, Ladies' Compartment and The Thousand Faces of the Night, as well as the films Fire, Water by Deepa Mehta as well as The Marriage of the monsoons by Mira Nair are part of a resistance movement. where the agency of the heroines testifies to the will and the difficulty of freeing oneself from three centuries of marginalization.In the first part, we propose to walk through the history, that which attributed to the man capacities superior to those of the woman, conferring upon him by extension an authority, a power of domination. This historical and sociological approach allows us to understand how the links which unite the human and the divine in India were built. Our gaze will also focus on the consequent upheavals engendered by British colonization. This period of Indian history will be analyzed in order to highlight the modus operandi by which the British Empire succeeded in imposing a lifestyle faithful to its vision of the world while excluding women from decision-making spheres in order to "consign" them in the domestic space.The second part of the thesis analyzes the family space, which has become the place par excellence for the reproduction of androcentric postulates. This private space will be closely observed and we will engage in an approach that combines psychoanalysis and sociology in order to demonstrate the importance of the construction of the feminine in the process of identity deconstruction. We will pay particular attention to the role played by the mother in the reproductive process. The ambivalent position it occupies often leads to a fragmentation between the physical being, the social being and the psychic being. The psyche then becomes a space inhabited by doubt and fear while being the ultimate refuge of comfort. This shift between body and mind will take us to the field of psychosomatics, where dreams are the privileged place for psychic reconstruction. We will also observe the strategies used by novelists and filmmakers to begin the process of rebuilding the identity of their heroines.The third part focuses on cinema and literature through their complementarity. First, we will retrace the history of cinema from the sidelines and highlight its committed character that sets it apart from some popular cinemas such as Bollywood. Subsequently, we make a connection between the novel and its adaptation to the cinema in order to highlight the complementarity of the works as well as the notion of solidarity which represents an essential point in this collaborative work. Indeed, diaspora filmmakers Deepa Mehta and Mira Nair have developed an activist and united approach that can be found both in the writing of the script and in the choice of actors and actresses. This activism will be illustrated by examples that highlight the many instances of agency staged in order to build a dynamic image of women in India

This study analyzes the depiction of drug usage, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in movies in terms of character stereotyping and typecasting. Because movies are focused on making money they are being used as marketing tools by alcohol and cigarette conglomerates (Grube, 2004). The study also explores youth perception of such content and tries to determine the behavioral implications or influence of such content on young children. The goal of this research is to analyze the social cognitive influence of movies on the youth and the effects of censorship in movies today. The research compares this effect in the two largest movie markets - the American market (Hollywood) and the Indian market (Bollywood) and the effect of these depictions on the youth to see whether this issue warrants a global understanding and awareness. The aim of this study is to understand the nature of the movie markets and the depiction of such content in movies. It analyses the issue solely from the perspective of a youth audience to better understand how the youth today perceive movies and to see if depiction of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and drug usage has a positive or negative effect on the youth audience. A part of the analysis of the study is to also better understand censorship techniques employed for both movie markets to see if they are effective or need to be improved upon. Finally the study asks the question of social responsibility and whether movies and movie stars have a responsibility to maintain higher censorship standards or they are merely depiction art through the medium and should not be held accountable for their depictions on screen.

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Capes
O presente estudo aborda a imagem do índio no cinema de John Ford. Para além de uma mera descrição dos filmes, empreendemos uma modalidade de análise que também se detém aos aspectos de produção do filme, sua circulação e consumo, além do seu poder de provocar pensamentos sobre os indígenas e a história americana. Dessa forma, cientes de que a imagem é atravessada por inúmeras temporalidades, que se digladiam em seu interior, destacamos o que Georges Didi-Huberman vai chamar de imagens sintomáticas, que nos permitiram pensar a sobrevivência de formas da tradição western, inventada no século XIX. O uso que fazemos de diversas figuras, entretanto, procura fugir de sua típica instrumentalização como “ilustração” do discurso escrito. As imagens em nosso estudo, por outro lado, aparecem enquanto propositoras de pensamento ao texto. Inicialmente, empreendemos uma análise de como o western é inventado enquanto tradição no século XIX nos Estados Unidos. Em seguida, discutiremos como esse arquivo de imagens sobrevive no cinema de John Ford, desde o filme O Cavalo de Ferro, em 1924, até Crepúsculo de uma Raça, em 1964. Quanto à temporalidade foi preciso apropriar-se do modelo anacrônico de análise das imagens defendido por Georges Didi-Huberman. Do mesmo modo, com Etienne Samain, buscamos discutir como essas imagens pensam e nos convocam a pensar os índios, esse Outro de que falamos.
This study addresses the image of the Indian in the John Ford cinema. Beyond a mere description of the films, we undertook a mode of analysis that also owns the film production aspects, circulation and consumption, in addition to their ability to provoke thoughts on Indigenous and American history. Thus, aware that the image is crossed by numerous temporalities that battle it out inside, we highlight what Georges Didi-Huberman will call symptomatic images which allow us to think the survival of the western tradition forms, invented in the nineteenth century . Our use of several figures, however, seeks to escape his typical instrumentation as "illustration" of the written speech. The images in our study, on the other hand, appear as propositoras of thought to the text. Initially, we undertook an analysis of how the western tradition is invented while in the nineteenth century in the United States. Then discuss how this image file survives in the John Ford film, from the movie The Iron Horse in 1924 to Cheyenne Autumn in 1964. As for the temporality had to take ownership of the anachronistic model of analysis of images defended by Georges Didi -Huberman. Similarly, with Etienne Samain, we discuss how these images think and summon us to think the Indians, this Other that we speak.

The transgender community in India, commonly known as hijras, consists of people who were born as males but address themselves as females. They have been considered as the third gender in India for millennia and have had specific religious and sociocultural values and roles, but are forced to live in shadows in this day and age. Isolation of this community is also reflected in the way transgender characters are represented in Indian entertainment media. The study analyses two transgender themed films semiotically and the audience reception of those representations by 20 members of the transgender community. Semiotics is a helpful tool to understand the ways signs communicate ideas to viewers. This study applies syntagmatic and paradigmatic analyses to understand how images are used to represent and relay information to the audience. Reception theory along with double colonization has been incorporated in this study to analyse the ways in which the transgender community interprets the representations in entertainment media.

The drive-in theater was a phenomenon unique and prosperous in 1950s America. At the height of their popularity, there were over 4,000 drive-in theaters located across the United States. Their great success came because they were suitable to the mindset of the time-they provided a place for a family to be together without dress code, babysitter, or parking problems, and without having to leave their beloved cars. Construction of 23 drive-in theaters occurred in the Indianapolis area between 1940 and 1974. These varied in size and location, but all contained the essential ingredients-a large concession stand, children's playground, and any other gimmick that would gather their audiences before sunset.By the mid-1960s, the drive-in theater industry began a steady decline which has continued to present. The drive-in theater always faced obstacles, including weather, insects, seasons, and poor technical quality of both picture and sound. Adding to this was the change in the American mindset, increased opposition from community moralists, and especially, the rise in property values.This creative project documents the general history of drive-in theaters across the United States, takes a closer look at the drive-in theaters in the Indianapolis area, and records them in an inventory.
Department of Architecture

This thesis examines the varied and contradictory ideas about rural women and their needs that are produced and circulate within development discourses and projects. It pays particular attention to the multiple actors involved in the production of such ideas and the relations of power that determine which ideas gain authority. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in the Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh, India, it looks at women's participation in three different development projects: a women's savings and credit group, a broad-based development NGO, and the women's village organizations (mahila mandals ). These case studies demonstrate how development organizations engage with local gender meanings, often working to reinforce or even exploit inequalities, rather than challenge them. As women are targeted by such projects, they creatively receive, shape, and negotiate the ideas and representations that they encounter about themselves. These encounters limit, and sometimes foster, women's potential for new political identities and agency.

In the National Capital Territory of India, urban development is marked by the reconfiguration of urban space through the varied movements of both capital and human beings. This thesis, based on documentary research and on fieldwork undertaken in the summer of 2009, focuses on the demolition of squatter settlements or jhuggi-jhondpris in Delhi and the resettlement of their residents to locations on the urban fringe. Residents of illegal, informal settlements, which constitute between 18 and 27 percent of the territory's population, are particularly vulnerable to the vicissitudes of local politics, shifts in the definitions of basic rights, and the ever-increasing demands of market expansion, and yet these citizens are an essential part of structures and processes that constitute both imagined and very real urban landscapes. Of particular concern are the concepts of formality, informality, and modernity, and the ways in which these concepts are materialized.
Sur l'Inde, le développement urbain est marqué par la reconfiguration de l'espace urbain à travers les mouvements du capital et des citoyens. Cette thèse, basée sur la recherche documentaire et «fieldwork» à l'été de 2009, met l'accent sur la démolition des colonies de squatters ou «jhuggi-jhondpris» à Delhi et à la réinstallation de leurs habitants. Les résidents des établissements informels, qui constituent entre 18 et 27 pour cent de la population du territoire, sont particulièrement vulnérables aux vicissitudes de la politique locale, les changements dans les définitions des droits fondamentaux, et les demandes sans cesse de l'expansion du marché, et pourtant ces citoyens sont un élément essentiel des structures et des processus qui constituent à la fois imaginaire et réel des paysages urbains. Cette thèse est particulièrement préoccupé par les concepts de la formalité, l'informalité, et de la modernité, et la façon dont ces concepts sont matérialisés.

India has seen unrivaled economic growth since it embarked on its neoliberal reforms in 1990. However, accompanying this growth in income and wealth is an increase in social and economic inequalities among its population. This thesis will look at the impact of the neoliberal agenda on India’s population, particularly on its rural and marginalized poor, and show how this growth and development has been predatory in nature, benefitting a small minority at the expense of a large majority of the population who are experiencing poverty, unemployment and the loss of livelihoods as a result. This paper argues that Gandhian economic philosophy - in particular, the emphasis on localization and decentralization – has a central role to play in the development agenda of India, and is fundamental in correcting this imbalance. By drawing on Gandhi’s economic philosophy and present-day grassroots movements and initiatives that are echoing his core principles, this paper argues for the localization of power in the form of participatory governance to achieve rural revitalization, poverty eradication and radical empowerment. Fundamental for this to happen are appropriate forms and systems of governance at the local level; the creation of livelihoods through and within the local community; and incorporating local traditional and indigenous knowledge into development strategies.

Le cinéma mettant en scène des anglais d'origines indienne ou pakistanaise, se déroulant sur le territoire britannique et traitant de relations avec les habitants qu'ils soient anglais dits de souche, anglais issus de l'immigration ou de familles métissées est appelé British-Asian cinema. Quelle image moderne de la britannicité les films British-Asians propagent-ils? L'identité anglaise n'est pas liée à la couleur de la peau ou aux origines ethniques mais au sentiment d'être anglais et de partager une culture commune. Beaucoup de personnes issues de l'immigration se disent aujourd'hui anglaises comme cela a pu être expliqué dans le très surprenant documentaire "100% English". Ces diverses représentations transparaissent dans les médias et de façon claire et accessible dans les films. Le cinéma agit comme un moyen de propager dans le monde entier une image de la britannicité. C'est dans ce contexte de redéfinition identitaire britannique que le gouvernement de Tony Blair a misé sur le cinéma britannique et son développement dans toute sa diversité. Nous pouvons nous interroger sur ce qu'est cette représentation britannique, mais aussi anglaise, vu sous cet angle particulier du mélange culturel au cinéma. L'intégration, réussie ou non, les mariages forcés, la religion, les stéréotypes culturels britanniques et Asians sont autant d'obstacles à franchir pour affirmer une identité britannique. Certains anglais ne savent plus qui ils sont réellement, on en vient à faire des tests ADN pour évaluer son niveau d'anglicité et toute légitimité à être anglais. Il est étonnant d'observer qu'à l'inverse, ces nouveaux britanniques issus de parents indiens ou pakistanais, affichent souvent une identité britannique et anglaise claire, peut être même exacerbée et mieux définie.

David Kroll, Director of the Preservation Studio at RATIO Architects, Inc. in Indianapolis, approached me in September of 2007 about a project. The Eli Lilly Farm in Carmel, Indiana was in danger of demolition. The property was sold to a development company who was proposing an idea for over 1000 homes as a part of a "Master Planned Community" to be built on 335 acres of land. One of the stipulations of this sale was that the Conner Prairie Living History Museum had first right of refusal on any of the buildings from the property. The idea had been brought up to relocate a couple of the buildings on the farm to save them from demolition. I decided to document the farm so that future generations could know what used to exist there. That idea developed into my current topic: "A Study of the Relocation of the Eli Lilly Farm Office with adaptive use Options and Rehabilitation Recommendations."
Department of Architecture

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We began this research with a question: is it possible to enhance the involvement of students in the maternal language through complementary curricular component: Brazilian film, so there is the development of communication skills, promoting greater interactivity through oral construction and writing discursive genre movie indicating? Seeking to answer this question, we prepared a proposal of didactic sequence to promote reflection through the discursive genre "Brazilian film indicating" in order to create strategies so that students have autonomy to express themselves in oral patterns forms and writing, with Brazilian cinema as a stimulus to the literary taste and the improvement of the Portuguese language. Another purpose is to promote literary literacy and filmic of the students, of the 9th grade of elementary school II, through interdisciplinary and comparative activities of the literary work "The Machine" with the filmic homonymous work, promoting the discursive construction beyond the didactic sense of the discursive genre "movie indicating". This work was anchored mainly in the enunciative-discursive proposal, of Bakhtin (1997); the cinematic approach of Aumont; Marie (2013), Xavier (1984) and Napolitano (2013); literary literacy Cosson (2014); Dolz, Noverraz e Schneuwly (2004); gender mode in Marcuschi (2008); by contributions from Barbosa and Rovai (2012) and Machado (2009). The work is justified because bringing the film to assist in this context can produce a practical exercise of citizenship and critical interaction as between the various possibilities of filmic enjoyment, to work with the discursive genre: Movie indication will allow students to participate in effective social practices and enhance the Brazilian cinema. And these studies in ProfLetras ? Professional Masters in Literature ? Course mode Stricto Sensu embodies the development of teaching materials to assist elementary school teachers II and brings directions that assist in the development of discursive skills of the student, according to the proposed axes in PCN and teaching methodologies that make the classes more dynamic, complementing the needs of the modern student, as the complexity of ingredients such as literature and film is necessary to compose a knowledge that is plausible indicating, because there is nothing to indicate when unknown components.
Iniciamos esta pesquisa com uma pergunta: ? poss?vel potencializar o envolvimento dos alunos na aula de l?ngua materna atrav?s do componente curricular complementar ?Filme brasileiro?, para que haja o desenvolvimento da capacidade comunicativa, promovendo maior interatividade, atrav?s da constru??o oral e escrita do g?nero discursivo ?Indica??o de filme?? Buscando responder a esse questionamento, elaboramos uma proposta de sequ?ncia did?tica para promover uma reflex?o por meio do g?nero discursivo ?Indica??o de filme brasileiro?, a fim de criar estrat?gias para que os alunos tenham autonomia para se expressarem nas formas padr?o oral e escrita, tendo o cinema brasileiro como est?mulo para o gosto liter?rio e o aprimoramento da l?ngua portuguesa. Outro prop?sito ? promover o letramento liter?rio e f?lmico de alunos do 9? ano do Ensino Fundamental II, por meio de atividades interdisciplinares e comparativas entre a obra liter?ria A M?quina e a obra f?lmica hom?nima, promovendo a constru??o discursiva para al?m dos sentidos did?ticos do g?nero discursivo ?Indica??o de filme?. O presente trabalho ancora-se principalmente na proposta enunciativo discursiva, de Bakhtin (1997); na abordagem cinematogr?fica de Aumont e Marie (2013), Xavier (1984) e Napolitano (2013); de letramento liter?rio, de Cosson (2014), Dolz, Noverraz e Schneuwly (2004); de modalidade do g?nero, de Marcuschi (2008); al?m das contribui??es de Barbosa e Rovai (2012) e Machado (2009). O trabalho justifica-se relevante, porque trazer o cinema para auxiliar nesse contexto poder? produzir um exerc?cio pr?tico de cidadania e intera??o cr?tica, visto que, entre as v?rias possibilidades de frui??o f?lmica, a de trabalhar com o g?nero discursivo ?Indica??o de filme? permitir? aos alunos participar de pr?ticas sociais efetivas e valorizar o cinema brasileiro. Os estudos realizados no ProfLetras (Mestrado Profissional em Letras), modalidade de curso stricto sensu, concretizam a elabora??o de material did?tico para assessorar professores do Ensino Fundamental II e trazem direcionamentos que auxiliam no desenvolvimento das compet?ncias discursivas do aluno, de acordo com os eixos propostos nos PCNs e de metodologias de ensino que tornem as aulas mais din?micas, complementando as necessidades do aluno contempor?neo, visto que a complexidade de ingredientes, como literatura e filme, ? necess?ria para compor um conhecimento que seja plaus?vel de indica??o, pois n?o h? o que indicar quando se desconhecem os componentes.

Les auteurs amérindiens se servent de l'écriture depuis la deuxième moitié du vingtième siècle pour affirmer leur identité et contribuer à la survivance de leur culture. Pour certains, toutefois, la motivation d'écrire va plus loin : pour Tomson Highway, il s'agit d'un chemin nécessaire vers la guérison de ses blessures. Il a connu l'enfer des pensionnats catholiques pour jeunes Autochtones et les conséquences que l'assimilation découlant de la Loi sur les Indiens a provoquées. Par l'écriture, Highway se libère : il s'agit d'un exutoire et d'un passage obligé. En se basant sur les notions de paratopie identitaire et spatiale issues de la théorie de Dominique Maingueneau, ce mémoire analyse le regard que porte l'auteur cri sur sa nation à travers ses personnages. Deux oeuvres sont à l'étude, soit le roman Champion et Ooneemeetoo (1998) et la pièce de théâtre Dry Lips devrait déménager à Kapuskasing (1989). Du roman, il ressort qu'à l'image de l'auteur, les personnages souffrent d'une double paratopie qui nuit à leur affirmation culturelle et identitaire. N'arrivant pas à trouver leur place chez les leurs ni à Winnipeg, c'est par l'entremise de l'influence des Blancs qu'ils arrivent à un semblant d'équilibre. Dans la pièce de théâtre, c'est un portrait peu flatteur que Highway fait de la vie postcoloniale des Amérindiens. L'influence des Blancs contribue à faire disparaître la culture et les traditions autochtones. L'espoir que la situation s'améliore sur les réserves repose entre les mains de ceux qui sont prêts à faire bouger les choses, mais ce n'est pas le cas de la majorité.

Nous développons un modèle basé agents pour reproduire deux anomalies fréquemment observées sur les marchés financiers : distribution leptokurtique des rendements et ampleur de la volatilité irrégulière mais persistante de ces mêmes rendements. Notre but est de montrer de façon probante que ces anomalies pourraient être attribuées à une formation mimétique des anticipations des intervenants sur les marchés. Nous nous éloignons des développements récents dans le domaine des modèles modèles basés agents en finance pour proposer un modèle très simple, estimé à partir des traits statistiques saillants de l’indice français journalier CAC 40. L’hypothèse d’anticipations mimétiques peut ainsi être testée : elle n’est pas rejetée dans notre modélisation
We develop an agent-based model to replicate two frequently observed anomalies in the financial markets: the fat tails and the clustered volatility of the distribution of the returns. Our goal is to show conclusively that these anomalies could be attributed to a mimetic formation of the expectations of the stakeholders in the markets. We did not follow the rencent developpments in the field of the ACE model in the finance, but we propose a very simple model which is estimated from the stylized facts of the French daily index CAC 40. The hypothesis of mimetic anticipations can thus be tested: it is not rejected in our modeling

Resettlement of humans from protected areas conserves habitats for wildlife. However, impacts of resettlement on the well-being of resettled communities and on broader conservation goals at the landscape level have been poorly quantified until now due to inadequate documentation and baseline information. Recent documentation and advances in measurements of human well-being enable studies that examine the impacts of resettlement for both people and conservation. In India, the current standardized resettlement policy by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) is explicit in its goal to create inviolate habitats for tigers within protected areas. More than 70% of the global tiger population lives in protected areas in India. The central Indian national parks hold approximately 40% of Indian tiger populations. Implementation of the NTCA policy provides an opportunity to study resettlement with relatively accurate records of where resettled households moved, a standardized monetary compensation and the potential for replication with large representative groups to study impacts in various landscapes across the country. This dissertation focuses on resettlement in Kanha National Park in central India, one of the most well-known and oldest tiger reserves in the country. The Kanha National Park (KNP) landscape mirrors the realities of many people-park interactions in human-dominated areas with high percentages of indigenous human populations, historical forced displacements, and current resettlements that follow a standardized national policy. From a conservation point of view, connectivity between KNP and other protected areas across central India is crucial for genetically healthy tiger populations. This dissertation consists of three analyses that combine data from field surveys and existing data sources to examine the impacts of resettlement on food security, landscape connectivity for wildlife, and human-wildlife conflict in the KNP landscape. In Chapter 1, I use household surveys to compare the food security and livelihood associations of resettled households compared to their non-resettled neighbors at new settlement locations. I show that resettled households have similar availability and access to foods as their non-resettled neighbors. Increases in off-farm income sources are associated with higher food access for all households. In Chapter 2, I explore the pattern of low food access in the KNP landscape using the five capitals model for sustainable development to illustrate significant associations between livelihood factors and household food access. Salaried stable incomes and kitchen garden diversity are significantly associated with higher food access. Financial capital dwarfs the contributions of social and natural capitals which have supplementary roles in times of financial stress. In Chapter 3, I address resettlement impacts on habitat connectivity between protected areas and human-wildlife conflict that resettled households face after relocating outside the park. Resettled households are not disproportionately moving into corridors between protected areas, especially when compared to the manifold more non-resettled households already residing in these areas. Resettled households however are moving into areas of high human-wildlife conflict due to their continued proximity to KNP. Outcomes from Chapter 3 also confirm that steady incomes can alleviate forest use and lower human activities in forests reducing human-wildlife conflict. In human-dominated landscapes such as KNP, financial capital and the stability of household incomes can aid both food security, lower pressures on non-protected forests and potentially lower human-wildlife conflict. The results counter assumptions that resettled communities continue to follow traditional natural resource reliant livelihoods. Local populations are not likely to engage in livelihoods that are heavily reliant on natural resources as rural populations become integrated into urban economies. The results from this dissertation imply that managers in the KNP landscape can alleviate food security and aid landscape wide conservation goals by increasing off-farm salaried incomes. Finally, in India, there is a high potential for replication of this study around other protected areas, with nationally standardized resettlement in landscapes that vary geographically, ecologically and socially.

The use of transnational supply chains has been perceived as the “mantra for success” in the ear of globalisation, changing customer demographics and demand. The fast-moving customer goods (FMCG) industry has also joined this bandwagon, along with other industries, such as the high-technology industry, in order gain competitive advantage. However, the trade regimes of developing (emerging) economies have played a significant role in establishing the context for the supply chain originating in a particular country, and therefore in containing the foreseen benefits accruing from supply chains becoming a transnational process. This thesis was focused on identifying issues within selected transnational FMCG supply chains origination in India and South Africa. It also identified the steps that supply chain managers were taking to address these issues. It also proposed a framework for supply chain operating model to address the identified issues. The research used a combination of analytical models to investigate the different aspects of the various transnational supply chains. To examine the underlying aspects of the various FMCG supply chains, a typology model in conjunction with an operational model, a financial model and a governance model were used. Supply chain operations reference (SCOR), an operational analytical model, was used extensively on this thesis. Detailed typology and process flow maps specific to transnational FMCG supply chains were also developed. The collective case study approach was used as the research methodology. A total of four cases spanning two countries – India and South Africa – and dealing with two product segments (packaged food and personal care products) were studied. Data for the study was collected thorough primary sources (in multiple face-to-face interviews) and secondary sources (from case-specific documents and reports). After the data was analysed, it was found that the various supply chains in the FMCG industry displayed similar typologies and issues, some of which were unique to each country. The typology of the transnational supply chains for all four cases was very similar in terms of their distribution structure setup, product life cycle, sourcing models combination, customer relations, marketing methods and degree of globalisation. However, in both countries, the supply chain issues identified in the personal care segment, such as product proliferation and supplier unreliability, were different from those identified in the packaged food segment, such as strict food-related regulatory laws and greater manufacturing complexities. Some of the typical issues affecting local supply chains, such as the bullwhip effect and lower supply chain adaptability, were not evident in the transnational supply chains. The steps supply chain managers were taking to address these issues, such as standardising processes and implementing new technology, were found to be similar in all cases. However, in India, supply chain managers were also focusing on government initiatives, establishing contracts with suppliers and customers, and implementing supply chain policies, while in South Africa they were also focusing on improving supply chain skills, improving branding in transnational markets and implementing foreign exchange controls. The overall conclusion was that there was considerable potential for achieving competitive advantage by setting up transnational supply chains, provided that the problems identified within transnational supply chains were adequately addressed by supply chain managers. However, in some scenarios, the steps taken in terms of available best practice models results in further set of issues arising. The identification of the issues facing supply chain managers and the development of a framework of operating model to address the identified issues with transnational FMCG supply chains were the most significant contributions of this research study.

This thesis examines the 20th century settlement and migration history of the Kwakwaka'wakw people of Alert Bay, British Columbia. Through an examination of three key shifts in settlement and migratory patterns, it traces how Aboriginal space and movement has been reconfigured in response to changing social, economic, and cultural landscapes. Each of these three shifts—village relocations, the decline of involvement in the capitalist and traditional food economies, and growing urban migration—reveals how Kwakwaka'wakw settlements and notions of community have changed in recent times. These shifts also indicate how innovative forms of migration have developed in, around, and between aboriginal communities. In addition to documenting some of the most profound changes in Aboriginal demographics since the early catastrophic disease epidemics, this thesis is also interested in continuity and the role local culture plays in shaping settlement and migratory behaviour. Drawing on Michel De Certeau's notion of "combinatory operations," I suggest that Aboriginal people have interpreted and responded to different types of displacement through operational systems shaped by contemporary reproductions of socio-cultural traditions. The thesis argues that the people of this community have responded to displacement with behaviour reflective of both innovation and cultural continuity. Until now, most research on aboriginal people has been either community- or urban-based. However, this focus on the terminal "beginning" or "end" of migration has tended to overshadow the role migration itself has played within Aboriginal society and culture. Rather than a process of suspension occurring between two points of settlement, migration itself is a socio-cultural phenomenon, itself no less important than the settlements upon which the process is anchored and defined.

The main aim of this dissertation is to discover whether consumers feel that e-commerce provides superior performance and technology facilities than traditional retail from the perspective of Indian consumers, and to assess the importance of Omni-channel concepts and operations in the fashion industry. The fashion industry is one of the foremost business segments in India. Currently, the fashion industry is overcoming with new technology and innovation in their business. In the 1990s e-commerce was introduced saw the potential possibilities of innovation, and the new concepts which made the consumer base attractive towards e-commerce. Online retailers are growing faster than traditional retailers due to high pressure from online retailer’s offers and strategies. This research is identifies the issues in the fashion retail business in India. What are the challenges faced by traditional retail? What are the environmental causes disturbing the fashion retail industry which are argued with more detail in PEST analysis and Porter’s five forces of modern retailing and communication? Traditional fashion retailers understand how to solve difficulties and challenges in the supply chain. Discussed many technologies for fashion retail markets to improve their strategy and customer satisfaction. Researching the hypotheses are collecting behaviourism, functionalism, and experimental ideas what should traditional retailers do in their retail shop and which channel should they adopt for their business? Hypotheses are used to conduct a quick market analysis to understand the Indian demographic attitudes towards technologies, client interest, and Omni-channel. We need to understand which approaches we can use to gain knowledge in theoretical perspective. Multiple techniques are involved in the analysis and validation of hypotheses. I used SPSS tool for data analysis with cross-tabulation function. In this research I found that traditional retail and e-commerce are independent of each other but gradually merging, a most important factor for future fashion industry trends. They are systematically embracing Omni-channel strategy to provide good consumer service.

The Kwak'wala language of the Kwakwaka'wakw First Nations is in rapid decline as a living language. How much does the loss of the Kwak'wala language affect Kwakwaka'wakw culture? Influenced, in part, by a contemporary re-evaluation of Benjamin Wharf's 'principle of linguistic relativity' this thesis presents an analysis of the concept of 'time' as it is expressed in the Kwak'wala language and assesses how that concept is then manifested in other Kwakwaka'wakw cultural forms such as myth, songs, ceremony and art. Building on Judith Berman's assessment of George Hunt's explanation of historical concepts this thesis presents a model of Kwakwaka'wakw time that is based on a premise of 'the alternation of opposing states'. Time is situated as state based and the concept of the past and the present are aligned with the physical (form) and the spiritual (essence) and the summer and the winter. It is shown that this concept of time, as expressed in the Kwak'wala language, is also expressed in Kwakwaka'wakw cultural manifestations such as ceremony and art, rendering them conceptually bound.