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Journal articles on the topic 'Indian Ocean trade'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Davies, Timothy. "English Private Trade on the West Coast of India, c. 1680–c. 1740." Itinerario 38, no. 2 (August 2014): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115314000357.

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This article explores the private trade networks of English East India Company merchants on the west coast of India during the first half of the eighteenth century. Existing studies of English private trade in the Indian Ocean have almost exclusively focused on India's eastern seaboard, the Coromandel Coast and the Bay of Bengal regions. This article argues that looking at private trade from the perspective of the western Indian Ocean provides a different picture of this important branch of European trade. It uses EIC records and merchants' private papers to argue against recent metropolitan-centred approaches to English private trade, instead emphasising the importance of more localised political and economic contexts, within the Indian Ocean world, for shaping the conduct and success of this commerce.

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2

Prakash, Om. "English Private Trade in the Western Indian Ocean, 1720-1740." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 50, no. 2-3 (2007): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852007781787396.

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AbstractThe paper first situates the trade carried on by private European traders in the overall framework of the Indian Ocean trade in the early-modern period. It then discusses in some detail the trading network of private English merchants in the Western Indian Ocean with special reference to the Surat-Mocha link in the 1720s and the 1730s. The evidence base is provided mainly by the private papers of Sir Robert Cowan, governor of Bombay between 1729 and 1734 and a major English private trader, operating in collaboration with Henry Lowther, chief of the English factory at Surat. Cette contribution replace tout d'abord les activités commerciales menées par les négociants européens dans le cadre général du commerce de l'Océan indien au cours de la période moderne. Elle examine ensuite avec quelque détail le réseau commercial établi par des négociants anglais privés dans le secteur occidentalde l'Océan indien, plus particulièrement les relations instituées entre Surat et Moka dans les années 1720-1730. Les données présentées ont été tirées principalement de la correspondance privée de Sir Robert Cowan, gouverneur de Bombay (1729-1734) et grand négociant privé, associé à Henry Lowther, responsable du comptoir de Surat.

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3

Sheth, V. S. "Indian Ocean Rim Economic and Trade Prospects." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 51, no. 2-3 (July 1995): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492849505100208.

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4

Thiébaut, Rafaël. "French Slave Trade on Madagascar: A Quantitative Approach." Journal of Social History 54, no. 1 (2020): 34–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shaa006.

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Abstract This article provides a better understanding of the volume of the French slave trade on Madagascar. Indeed, while research on the European slave trade in the Atlantic has benefitted much from statistical data, the slave trade in the Indian Ocean still lags behind, despite new scholarship. Based on detailed archival research, this article systematically analyzes different aspects of this commerce, including the organization of the trade, the age-sex ratio of the enslaved, and their mortality during the middle passage. Taking the number of French expeditions as a basis, we are able to determine the number of slaves traded with greater accuracy than was previously possible. Through this calculation, this article will shed new light on the patterns of slave trade in the Indian Ocean.

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5

Li, Jiacheng. "Developing China’s Indian Ocean Strategy: Rationale and Prospects." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 03, no. 04 (January 2017): 481–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740017500270.

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From the strategic perspective, the Indian Ocean has been increasingly important to China’s foreign trade and energy security. China has been faced with a deepening dilemma in the Malacca Strait for years, in large part due to the strategic pressure from the United States and India. Under its new initiative to construct the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road,” China needs to develop a long-term, security-oriented Indian Ocean strategy based on a comprehensive analysis of all the favorable and adverse conditions. Its strategic goals should include building an Indian Ocean fleet, expanding its base networks, and sharing power peacefully with the United States and India, so as to safeguard its legitimate rights and interests in the region.

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6

Svalastog, J. M. "Challenging Porous Frontiers: Atlantic merchants and the potential of the Indian Ocean, 1640–1650." Journal of Early American History 9, no. 2-3 (December 10, 2019): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00902011.

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An imagined divide existed between the Atlantic and Indian Ocean since the earliest days of European transoceanic discovery. The separation was reflected in the charters granted to England’s major trading companies which limited access for private merchants to eastern markets. The Indian Ocean was covered by the charter held by the East India Company and centered on bilateral luxury trade. The trade and activity in Atlantic, by contrast, quickly focused around colonization, agricultural production and trade. However, certain Atlantic merchants saw the potential of applying methods of economic expansion from the Atlantic, more specifically the early American colonies, to new colonization projects in the Indian Ocean. This article considers one such prominent Atlantic merchant, Maurice Thomson. Though his plans did not reach fruition he left a tangible impact on the eic in his attempts to introduce Atlantic methods to the East- thus underlining the porous frontier that separated them.

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7

de Silva Jayasuriya, Shihan. "Remembering Indian Ocean Slavery through Film." Journal of Global Slavery 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00501006.

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Abstract Due to assimilation, the diversity of the region, and the problems of identification, the presence of Asians with African ancestry in some parts of the Indian Ocean goes largely unnoticed. Whilst Ethiopians came to Sri Lanka voluntarily during the sixth century, the largest known Afro-Sri Lankan community’s history dates back to the island’s colonial era, which began in the sixteenth century. Oral traditions and archival records demonstrate that the Indian Ocean slave trade carried on even after abolition of the transatlantic slave trade. Although their numbers have dwindled due to out-marriage and assimilation, this community’s presence is marked out through its strong cultural memories. This article highlights the significance of film as a medium for making Sri Lankans of African ancestry visible and giving them a space to reflect about their ancestors, cultural traditions and sociolinguistic transformations.

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8

Gani, Azmat, Haslifah M. Hasim, and Nasser Al-Mawali. "Oman’s Trade Potentials with Indian Ocean Rim Countries." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 19, no. 5-6 (February 4, 2021): 626–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341574.

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Abstract Oman’s regional trade flow, especially with the Indian Ocean Rim countries, is examined within a gravity model framework. The analysis is based on the generalised method of moments (GMM) estimation procedure. The findings show that Oman’s exports are strongly determined by the Indian Ocean Rim countries’ populations, gross domestic product, infrastructure, Oman’s trade policy and a common border and language. Distance is found to induce significant friction for Oman’s imports. We conclude that the Indian Ocean Rim countries are sources of active markets and provide opportunities for greater trade integration. In light of the dramatic decline in world oil prices in recent years, Oman also needs to reduce its reliance on oil earnings and intervene more aggressively in its domestic economy by diversifying its non-oil sector and concentrate more on non-oil led exports.

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9

Ward, Cheryl. "Early Navigation and Trade in the Indian Ocean." International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 32, no. 1 (April 2003): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.2003.tb01439.x.

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10

Ward, C. "Early Navigation and Trade in the Indian Ocean." International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 32, no. 1 (August 2003): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ijna.2003.1078.

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11

Jain, Subhash C., and Pervez N. Ghauri. "Indian ocean rim trade bloc: Prospects and problems." International Executive 38, no. 5 (September 1996): 583–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tie.5060380504.

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12

Karmwar, Manish. "India-Africa: Rediscovering Trade Relations through Cultural Assimilation." VEETHIKA-An International Interdisciplinary Research Journal 6, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/veethika.2020.06.04.002.

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Indo-African trade relations are one of the imperative segments to understand African settlements in different parts of Indian sub-continent. Several Africans rose to positions of authority as generals and governors, in the Janjira and Sachin kingdoms they rose from king-makers to Emperors. The evidence of African trade in India has a significant history. From ancient times, three valuable export commodities which were prized in Africa: pepper, silk and cotton. The migration from the African sub-continent into India went up only in the sixth century A.D. but we have had an incredible trade-relation from time immemorial. From the Sixth century through the fifteenth century the history of the East African coast is somewhat illuminated by Arabs, Persians and Europeans. During the course of the sixteenth century the Portuguese dominated the Indian Ocean and its shoreline. Portugal was determined to remove Muslim merchants, especially Arabs, in the Indian Ocean system. This paper tries to explore India Africa relation especially with east Africa from earliest times to nineteenth century A.D. The paper recognizes the fact that trade and natural resources have been the principal reason behind the age-old links between Africa and India. The paper identifies the Cultural assimilation and African diaspora through the ages which has a vital facet to further strengthen the Trade Relations.

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13

Kusuma, Ayusia Sabhita. "Rivalitas Strategi Maritim China dan India di Selat Malaka." Insignia Journal of International Relations 1, no. 01 (October 18, 2014): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2014.1.01.430.

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Regarding the significance of Malacca Strait as a key maritime�s �choke-point� passage betweenIndian and Pacific oceans, some major countries become dependence with the security and safetyin Malacca Sea Lines of Communications (SLOC). China and India are two states-user ofMalacca Strait which sharing common interests of economic, maritime trade and energy supplies.The problem is, as a regional power of each region, India and China have an ambition to controlthe security of Malacca�s Strait. China which is more dependent with its 80% trade and energysupply through Malacca Strait, facing �Malacca dilemma� regarding the issue. Then, with thestrategy of �string of pearls� and the modernization of of People�s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN),China became assertive to save its interests. India, which has control over Indian Ocean then feelthreaten by China�s activities around Malacca Strait and Indian Ocean. India starts and enhancesthe development of Andaman Nicobar Command with US support near Malacca Straits to counterChina�s development. This paper will analyze the development of China�s dan India�s maritimestrategy rivalry in Malacca Straits with the concepts of balance of power and maritime strategy. Keywords: Malacca Strait, China�s maritime strategy, India�s maritime strategy, rivalry, balanceof power

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14

Chen, Zhongping. "Toward a Global Network Revolution: Zheng He’s Maritime Voyages and Tribute-Trade Relations between China and the Indian Ocean World." China and Asia 1, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 3–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589465x-00101002.

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Using newly developed concepts of network theory, this paper tries to advance the theoretical analysis of Zheng He’s seven epic voyages across the Indian Ocean between 1405 and 1433, and to resolve some long-debated key issues on the subject. It also attempts to reveal how Zheng He helped change Sino-foreign relations in the early fifteenth century by developing tribute-trade networks overseas, and thereby influenced the history of China, the Indian Ocean region, and globalization in general. An examination of the primary sources from the network perspective indicates that the development of tribute-trade relations overseas made up the primary purpose, major activities and enduring historical legacies of Zheng He’s voyages. Zheng He initiated the construction of overseas bases for navigation and trade, and thus greatly promoted the institutionalization and expansion of tribute-trade relations between China and the Indian Ocean world. Both the tribute and trade networks contracted after Zheng He’s voyages ended because of their failure to diversify beyond state-monopolized diplomacy and trade. But their development in the early fifteenth century and their continuity thereafter brought China and Indian Ocean countries into unprecedented interactions. The dual networks also provided a foundation for the European “geographic discoveries” in the Indian Ocean later on, for the early contact between China and the West and ultimately for the globalization of the modern world. Therefore, a network analysis of Zheng He’s voyages and the subsequent tribute-trade relations between China and the Indian Ocean world can refine the current theoretical paradigms and narrative frameworks of world history, which are still centered on the rise and expansion of modern Europe and the West. It also reveals how such non-Western historical movements and premodern tribute-trade relations exerted influence on a global network revolution, which linked the old and new worlds through an unprecedented level of relational institutionalization, expansion, diversification and interactions between varied network members in global history.

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15

Vink, Markus. "Trade, Circulation, and Flow in the Indian Ocean World." Mariner's Mirror 102, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 227–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2016.1169653.

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16

Blussé, Leonard. "No Boats to China. The Dutch East India Company and the Changing Pattern of the China Sea Trade, 1635–1690." Modern Asian Studies 30, no. 1 (February 1996): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00014086.

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By 1690 the Supreme Government of the Indies in Batavia agreed that, financially speaking, it was no longer wise to continue the direct trade between the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and China. It was argued that the vessels so far used for the China trade could be better deployed in the Indian Ocean.

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17

Arsaratnam, S. "The Rice Trade in Eastern India 1650–1740." Modern Asian Studies 22, no. 3 (July 1988): 531–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00009665.

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The historical literature on Indian Ocean trade has now come to recognize the importance of food-grains as an ingredient of that trade. In the western part of the Ocean (the Arabian Sea), its eastern part (Bay of Bengal) and within the Southeast Asian mainland and islands, there is every evidence of a substantial movement of food-grains from surplus areas to deficit areas. Though the scale and frequency of this trade may not be relatively as important in the regional economy as Braudel has outlined for the Mediterranean (with the assistance, it must be admitted, of superior quantitative evidence), it was nevertheless one of the commodities that entered into the commercial processes of different regions of the Ocean. The evidence for the study of the grain trade is, as with all Asian trade in the early modern period, fragmentary and episodic. As intrinsic to the sector of trade embracing Asian merchant shippers and consumers, it shares the disadvantages of paucityof evidence of that whole sector. Again, as with Asian trade as a whole, the grain trade comes into view only when Europeans have entered into that trade and have left glimpses of it in their records.The Portuguese in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries were heavily involved in it in western India and a recent study has marshalled evidence from Portuguese sources on the mechanics of that trade in a port on the Kanara coast.2 In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, with the entry into the Indian Ocean of the large Chartered Companies, evidence on the grain trade is substantially increased ,enabling us to see it in sharper focus in the broad canvas of Asian trade

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18

Subramanian, Lakshmi. "Introduction: The Ocean and the Historian." Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies 2, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/jiows.v2i1.44.

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I feel singularly privileged to write the introduction for the first of two special JIOWS festschrift editions honouring Michael Pearson’s contributions in the field of Indian Ocean studies. My association with Mike goes back to 1979/80 when I met him at the University of Viswabharati, where my mentor Ashin Dasgupta was working with him on an edited volume devoted to the history of India and the Indian Ocean. This was a time when as a young graduate student, I was being exposed to the hotly debated and discussed sub-field of maritime history. Several senior historians questioned the need to study maritime history outside the general frame of Indian economic history, by then an established field of enquiry, driven primarily by the agrarian question, poverty and the drain of wealth paradigm. I recall how, in course of my apprenticeship, I read a range of writings that looked at Asian trade and commercial exchanges that, although written largely out of European archives, dared to tell a very different story to the dominant one of European commercial and military hegemony. This was long before the heady debates of globalization, of Asia before Europe or indeed of the world system thesis that had entered the field; instead, we were chewing over the critiques of the peddler thesis put forward by Van Leur, and of the uncritical endorsement of colonial perspectives on Asian trade embodied in the writings of scholar administrator W.H. Moreland. It was here that Pearson and Dasgupta gave us the vital tools of our trade, to look beyond the official voices in the archive, to search for private adjustments and compromises that had so much more to say about the messy world of commercial and social transactions where to look for Weberian rationality or pure economic determinism was chasing a mirage.

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19

Hayat, Muhammad Umer, Syeda Aqsa Sajjad, and Farrukh Shahzad. "GREAT POWERPLAY IN THE INDIAN OCEAN: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE REGION." Global Political Review V, no. IV (December 30, 2020): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(v-iv).08.

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The Indian Ocean is important due to its strategic location, geopolitical significance and trade activities being performed through it. The United States of America is attaining energy, and other resources have a deep interest in the region. China, through its "string of pearls strategy", is encountering the American goals in the regional by the promotion of its economic activities, securing its dominance in the region, thus posing a constant challenge to the later as well as a regional power i.e. India. Contending interests of regional and international powers in the Indian Ocean Region has led to power projection, affected the security environment, fuelling the issues. The necessity to preserve the available energy resources for survival and to meet future needs is attracting great powers to the Indian Ocean Region. The close alliance between the US and India and dwindling relations between the US and Pakistan are leading towards close ties between Pakistan and China.

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20

Mehmood, Zaeem Hassan, and Ramla Khan. "Assessing Indian Ocean Economics: Perspective from Pakistan." Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) 10, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ajis.10.1.1-15.2021.

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The Indian Ocean offers the “global commons” the sea lanes of communication that connects the East with the West. These SLOCs nurtures the global economic world by providing for a classical instance of ‘multilateral maritime matrix,’ whereby merchant ships are manufactured in one country, maintained and owned by another, underwritten by third, registered in fourth and crewed by subjects of another. In this regard, the strategic and commercial concerns of nation-states extends from its immediate maritime borders to the protection of chokepoints where merchandise is most vulnerable to array of contemporary security threats. The third largest ocean, since the cessation of bipolar hostilities after the end of the Cold War, has been integrated to global market economics to a critical extent whereby any interruptions to the established trade networks is likely to have a ‘shockwave effect’. The Indian Ocean is presaged to continue as a ‘central shipment pathway’ for regional and inter-continental trade in wide scope of commercial commodity items. The patterns observed in the region consists of up gradation of existing port infrastructure and developing export markets and resources based on blue economy would strengthen maritime ties. These transformations have the potential to permit the Indian Ocean to be the “strategic heart of the maritime world”.

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21

Setiyanto, Ari. "Strengthening Indonesia’s Role In Indian Ocean Through IORA." Jurnal Pertahanan 3, no. 1 (October 27, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v3i1.156.

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<p>Indonesian government concerned to determine the future of the Pacific and Indian Ocean Region through new vision as the world maritime fulcrum. Significant growth in Indian Ocean region urges a cooperation approach between littoral countries located around the Indian Ocean and lead the establishment of Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA). The cooperation will lead to the accomplishment of the Indonesia’s national interests. On the other side, the potential trade volume in the Indian Ocean region cannot be reached because of limited maritime infrastructure that facilitates the current trade. IORA should develop a master plan or blueprint on connectivity that will provide the infrastructure development agenda with the Public-Private Partnership to accelerate the infrastructure development. By this situation, the development of maritime infrastructure can be a double advantage for Indonesia because it will connect APEC and IORA. The important things to consider in terms of security is a potential threat both to security and defense if the government decided to open and build a deep seaport in Western Sumatera and Java Island.It is important to evaluate the potential threats and challenges if Indonesia wants to be a fulcrum of world maritime activity.</p>

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22

Rai, Adwita. "Ocean of trade: South Asian merchants, Africa and the Indian Ocean, c1750–1850." Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India 12, no. 2 (July 2, 2016): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2016.1239363.

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23

Foltz, Richard. "From Zanzibar to Zaytun: Iranian Merchants across the Indian Ocean Basin." Iran and the Caucasus 22, no. 2 (June 22, 2018): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20180203.

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The role of Iranian merchants in the maritime trade of the Indian Ocean basin from antiquity up to the 16th century is often underestimated. From scholarly histories to popular culture the “Muslim sailor” is typically portrayed as being an Arab. In fact, from pre-Islamic times the principal actors in Indian Ocean trade were predominantly Persian, as attested by the archaeological data, local written records, and the names of places and individuals.

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24

Welie, Rik van. "Slave trading and slavery in the Dutch colonial empire: A global comparison." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 82, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2008): 47–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002465.

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Compares slave trading and slavery in the Dutch colonial empire, specifically between the former trading and territorial domains of the West India Company (WIC), the Americas and West Africa, and of the East India Company (VOC), South East Asia, the Indian Ocean region, and South and East Africa. Author presents the latest quantitative assessments concerning the Dutch transatlantic as well as Indian Ocean World slave trade, placing the volume, direction, and characteristics of the forced migration in a historical context. He describes how overall the Dutch were a second-rate player in Atlantic slavery, though in certain periods more important, with according to recent estimates a total of about 554.300 slaves being transported by the Dutch to the Americas. He indicates that while transatlantic slave trade and slavery received much scholarly attention resulting in detailed knowledge, the slave trade and slavery in the Indian Ocean World by the Dutch is comparatively underresearched. Based on demand-side estimates throughout Dutch colonies of the Indonesian archipelago and elsewhere, he deduces that probably close to 500.000 slaves were transported by the Dutch in the Indian Ocean World. In addition, the author points at important differences between the nature and contexts of slavery, as in the VOC domains slavery was mostly of an urban and domestic character, contrary to its production base in the Americas. Slavery further did in the VOC areas not have a rigid racial identification like in WIC areas, with continuing, postslavery effects, and allowed for more flexibility, while unlike the plantation colonies in the Caribbean, as Suriname, not imported slaves but indigenous peoples formed the majority. He also points at relative exceptions, e.g. imported slaves for production use in some VOC territories, as the Banda islands and the Cape colony, and a certain domestic and urban focus of slavery in Curaçao.

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DALE, STEPHEN F. "“Silk Road, Cotton Road or . . . . Indo-Chinese Trade in Pre-European Times”." Modern Asian Studies 43, no. 1 (January 2009): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x07003277.

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AbstractIndia and China were the most important producers of textiles in the world prior to the industrial revolution. However, whereas the Western historiography usually discusses Indian cotton and Chinese silk in connection with European imports, or with their sales in the Indian Ocean and the Middle East, cotton and silk were also exchanged between India and China. Indeed, Indian cotton and Chinese silk were probably the principal manufactured goods exchanged between these civilizations. Although Indian records are fragmentary, especially when compared with the voluminous Chinese sources, Indian cotton goods are known to have reached the Indianized states in Xinjiang in the early Common Era (CE), and may have been produced there, in Khotan and the neighbouring states, by the time that indigenous silk production was known to exist in India in the fourth and fifth centuries CE. Yet, while in later centuries large amounts of cotton cloth were produced in China while indigenous centres of silk production developed in India, exchanges of the finest types of cotton and silk cloth continued, usually driven by cultural and social factors in each civilization.

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Magee, Peter. "Revisiting Indian Rouletted Ware and the impact of Indian Ocean trade in Early Historic south Asia." Antiquity 84, no. 326 (November 25, 2010): 1043–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00067065.

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Indian Rouletted Ware pottery is the iconic marker of the overseas reach of the subcontinent at the turn of the first millennium AD. In the mid twentieth century this was naturally seen as prompted by the contemporary Roman Empire, while the later post-colonial discourse has emphasised the independence and long life of Indian initiatives. In this new analysis the author demonstrates a more complex socio-economic situation. While Greyware is distributed long term over south India, Rouletted ware is made in at least two regional centres for coastal communities using a new ceramic language, one appropriate to an emerging international merchant class.

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Zinke, Jens, Lars Reuning, Miriam Pfeiffer, Jasper A. Wassenburg, Emily Hardman, Reshad Jhangeer-Khan, Gareth R. Davies, Curtise K. C. Ng, and Dick Kroon. "A sea surface temperature reconstruction for the southern Indian Ocean trade wind belt from corals in Rodrigues Island (19° S, 63° E)." Biogeosciences 13, no. 20 (October 25, 2016): 5827–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5827-2016.

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Abstract. The western Indian Ocean has been warming rapidly over recent decades, causing a greater number of extreme climatic events. It is therefore of paramount importance to improve our understanding of links between Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) variability, climate change and sustainability of tropical coral reef ecosystems. Here we present monthly resolved coral Sr ∕ Ca records from two different locations from Rodrigues Island (63° E, 19° S) in the south-central Indian Ocean trade wind belt. We reconstruct SST based on a linear relationship with the Sr ∕ Ca proxy with records starting from 1781 and 1945, respectively. We assess relationships between the observed long-term SST and climate fluctuations related to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (SIOD) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) between 1945 and 2006, respectively. The reproducibility of the Sr ∕ Ca records is assessed as are the potential impacts of diagenesis and corallite orientation on Sr ∕ Ca–SST reconstructions. We calibrate individual robust Sr ∕ Ca records with in situ SST and various gridded SST products. The results show that the SST record from Cabri provides the first Indian Ocean coral proxy time series that records the SST signature of the PDO in the south-central Indian Ocean since 1945. We suggest that additional records from Rodrigues Island can provide excellent records of SST variations in the southern Indian Ocean trade wind belt to unravel teleconnections with the SIOD/ENSO/PDO on longer timescales.

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Seland, Eivind Heldaas. "Networks and social cohesion in ancient Indian Ocean trade: geography, ethnicity, religion." Journal of Global History 8, no. 3 (October 2, 2013): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022813000338.

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AbstractThe Indian Ocean is famous for its well-documented Jewish and Islamic trading networks of the medieval and early modern periods. Social networks that eased the challenges of cross-cultural trade have a much longer history in the region, however. The great distances covered by merchants and the seasonality of the monsoons left few alternatives to staying away for prolonged periods of time, and shipwreck, piracy, and the slave trade caused people to end up on coasts far away from home. Networks of merchants developed in the Indian Ocean region that depended on a degree of social cohesion. This article draws up a map of selected merchant communities in the western Indian Ocean, and argues that geographical origin, ethnicity, and religion may have been different ways of establishing the necessary infrastructure of trust.

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Clark, Hugh. "Maritime Diasporas in Asia before da Gama: An Introductory Commentary." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 49, no. 4 (2006): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852006779048381.

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AbstractThis preface introduces the five essays that comprise this special issue of JESHO. The author provides a synoptic overview of western scholarship on the Indian Ocean and on trade diasporas in order to situate the papers. This scholarship has only recently begun to recognize the important role of the Indian Ocean in early modern history, a change that the author traces to the work of K.N. Chaudhuri, Janet Abu-Lughod, and Philip Curtin. He concludes that the five papers in this special issue collectively mark an important step forward in the historiography of the Indian Ocean. Les cinq articles qui font partie du numéro du JESHO sont précedés d'une préface ou l'auteur donne une vue d'ensemble du travail scientifique occidental qui parle de l'océan Indien et des diasporas mercantiles. D'après l'auteur, le role capital de l'océan Indien au début de l'époque moderne commence à être mieux connu grace aux publications de K.N. Chaudhuri, de Janet Abu-Lughod et de Philip Curtin. Les cinq articles ci-compris représentent, donc, un pas en avant pour l'historiographie de l'océan Indien, selon cet auteur.

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Qin, Dashu, and Kunpeng Xiang. "Sri Vijaya as the Entrepôt for Circum-Indian Ocean Trade." Études Océan Indien, no. 46-47 (January 1, 2011): 308–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/oceanindien.1379.

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Auth, Susan H., and Carol Meyer. "Glass from Quseir al-Qadim and the Indian Ocean Trade." Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 31 (1994): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40000687.

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Nicholson, P. T., and Carol Meyer. "Glass from Quseir al-Qadim and the Indian Ocean Trade." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 83 (1997): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3822477.

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Seland, Eivind Heldaas. "Trade and Christianity in the Indian Ocean during Late Antiquity." Journal of Late Antiquity 5, no. 1 (2012): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jla.2012.0002.

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Fitzpatrick, Matthew P. "Provincializing Rome: The Indian Ocean Trade Network and Roman Imperialism." Journal of World History 22, no. 1 (2011): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2011.0016.

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Prange, Sebastian R. "‘Measuring by the bushel’: reweighing the Indian Ocean pepper trade." Historical Research 84, no. 224 (March 9, 2011): 212–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2281.2010.00547.x.

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González-Ruibal, Alfredo, Jorge de Torres, Manuel Antonio Franco Fernández, Candela Martínez Barrio, and Pablo Gutiérrez de León Juberías. "Asia in the Horn. The Indian Ocean trade in Somaliland." Archaeological Research in Asia 27 (September 2021): 100289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ara.2021.100289.

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Mukherjee, Rila. "Ambivalent engagements: The Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean world." International Journal of Maritime History 29, no. 1 (February 2017): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871416679119.

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This article investigates the role played by the Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean world. It argues that formulations that suggest the Bay’s encounters were ambivalent and sporadic until c.1000 – when there was a trade revolution – and see it as a latecomer in the Indian Ocean world, are wrong. Examples from commerce and cultural flows reveal the Bay world as an active participant in the Indian Ocean world from early times and debunk the notion of passivity.

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Huang, Bohua, and J. Shukla. "Mechanisms for the Interannual Variability in the Tropical Indian Ocean. Part II: Regional Processes." Journal of Climate 20, no. 13 (July 1, 2007): 2937–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4169.1.

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Abstract To understand the mechanisms of the interannual variability in the tropical Indian Ocean, two long-term simulations are conducted using a coupled ocean–atmosphere GCM—one with active air–sea coupling over the global ocean and the other with regional coupling restricted within the Indian Ocean to the north of 30°S while the climatological monthly sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are prescribed in the uncoupled oceans to drive the atmospheric circulation. The major spatial patterns of the observed upper-ocean heat content and SST anomalies can be reproduced realistically by both simulations, suggesting that they are determined by intrinsic coupled processes within the Indian Ocean. In both simulations, the interannual variability in the Indian Ocean is dominated by a tropical mode and a subtropical mode. The tropical mode is characterized by a coupled feedback among thermocline depth, zonal SST gradient, and wind anomalies over the equatorial and southern tropical Indian Ocean, which is strongest in boreal fall and winter. The tropical mode simulated by the global coupled model reproduces the main observational features, including a seasonal connection to the model El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The ENSO influence, however, is weaker than that in a set of ensemble simulations described in Part I of this study, where the observed SST anomalies for 1950–98 are prescribed outside the Indian Ocean. Combining with the results from Part I of this study, it is concluded that ENSO can modulate the temporal variability of the tropical mode through atmospheric teleconnection. Its influence depends on the ENSO strength and duration. The stronger and more persistent El Niño events in the observations extend the life span of the anomalous events in the tropical Indian Ocean significantly. In the regional coupled simulation, the tropical mode is still active, but its dominant period is shifted away from that of ENSO. In the absence of ENSO forcing, the tropical mode is mainly stimulated by an anomalous atmospheric direct thermal cell forced by the fluctuations of the northwestern Pacific monsoon. The subtropical mode is characterized by an east–west dipole pattern of the SST anomalies in the southern subtropical Indian Ocean, which is strongest in austral fall. The SST anomalies are initially forced by surface heat flux anomalies caused by the anomalous southeast trade wind in the subtropical ocean during austral summer. The trade wind anomalies are in turn associated with extratropical variations from the southern annular mode. A thermodynamic air–sea feedback strengthens these subtropical anomalies quickly in austral fall and extends their remnants into the tropical ocean in austral winter. In the simulations, this subtropical variability is independent of ENSO.

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Folador, Thiago De Araujo. "Os africanos escolhem o que vão levar:." Revista de História, no. 177 (December 12, 2018): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9141.rh.2018.144265.

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Dr. Jasdeep Kaur Dhami, Manbir Singh,. "Analysis of Real GDP, Imports and Exports of Indian Ocean RIM Association Member Nations." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 68–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.1057.

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The Indian Ocean woven together by transmission of trade, commands the control of majority of the world’s cargo ships, one third of the worlds cargo traffic and two thirds of total world’s oil shipments. The main aim of this paper is to analyse Real GDP, Imports and Exports of Indian Ocean RIM Association Member Nations. Time period of the study is from 1980 to 2019. Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC) contributes 11.7 per cent share in world exports, in case of member nations highest share is of Singapore 2.1 per cent followed by India and UAE 1.7 per cent, Australia 1.5 per cent, Thailand and Malaysia 1.3 per cent. Indonesia, South Africa, Bangladesh, Oman, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Sri Lanka the share in world exports is less than 1 per cent.

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Gupta, Sunil. "A Historiographical Survey of Studies on Indo-Roman Sea Trade and Indian Ocean Trade." Indian Historical Review 32, no. 1 (January 2005): 140–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/037698360503200105.

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BOWEN, H. V. "Bullion for goods: European and Indian merchants in the Indian Ocean trade, 1500–1800." Economic History Review 57, no. 4 (November 2004): 800–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2004.00295_27.x.

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Marshall, P. J. "Bullion for Goods: European and Indian Merchants in the Indian Ocean Trade, 1500–1800." English Historical Review 120, no. 488 (September 1, 2005): 1087–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cei368.

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Andrej Dávid, Andrea Galieriková, Jiří Tengler, and Vlatka Stupalo. "The Northern Sea Route as a New Route for Maritime Transport between the Far East and Europe." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 23, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): A74—A79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2021.2.a74-a79.

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Asian countries such as China, Malaysia, India or Bangladesh belong to the largest producers of consumer goods in the world that is mainly transported by container vessels to other parts of the world. One of the busiest maritime trade route is the route between Europe and Asia. It leads through the North Pacific, Indian and the North Atlantic Oceans and their seas. There is also an alternative trade route that runs along the coast of the Russian Federation across the Arctic Ocean. On one hand the ice in this area is gradually declining due to global warming, on the other hand the duration of navigation times is being extended for several months of the year. One of the advantages of this route is the reduction of sailing times between Asian and European maritime ports. The basic goals of the paper are to focus on the current transport situation on this trade route and a new trade route that leads along the coast of Russia.

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Hall, Kenneth R. "Commodity Flows, Diaspora Networking, and Contested Agency in the Eastern Indian Ocean c. 1000–1500." TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 4, no. 2 (July 2016): 387–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/trn.2016.21.

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AbstractRecent revisionist approaches to early pre-1500 eastern Indian Ocean history draw from and cross-reference epigraphic, archaeological, art historical, literary, cultural, textual, shipwreck, and a variety of other primary and secondary sources as these document the evolution of Southeast Asia from roughly 300 to 1500, before significant European regional presence became a factor. This study's focus is the transitional importance of c. 1000–1500 Indian Ocean international maritime trade and transit from the South Asian shorelines of the Bay of Bengal to the South China and Java Seas, which is conceived to have temporarily produced an inclusive eastern Indian Ocean zone of contact. In this then ‘borderless’ region there were a variety of meaningful contacts and material, cultural, and knowledge transfers that resulted in synthesis of Indian, Chinese, Middle Eastern, and Southeast Asian cultures and populations made possible by enhanced international maritime trade connections before European presence became a factor, a period often dated from the fall of Melaka to the Portuguese in 1511.

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Seshan, Radhika. "Intersections: Peoples, ports and trade in seventeenth-century Surat and Madras." International Journal of Maritime History 29, no. 1 (February 2017): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871416679118.

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The article discusses the ways in which, in the seventeenth century, as India drew the attention of more Europeans, both as private traders and as part of larger east India companies, networks of contacts were established. Two ports in particular, Surat and Madras (now Chennai), became points of intersection of Europeans and Asians, through the multi-pronged trade networks that linked these two ports to other ports in the Indian Ocean world, through traders from across regions. Focus is on the English in particular, as their main port of trade for Mughal North India was Surat, and Madras, their first fortified establishment on the coast of India.

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Chakraborty, Titas, and Matthias van Rossum. "Slave Trade and Slavery in Asia—New Perspectives." Journal of Social History 54, no. 1 (2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shaa004.

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Abstract Recent years have witnessed an expanding body of scholarship indicating the importance of slave trade and slavery in different parts of the Indian Ocean and Indonesian archipelago worlds. This work has not only challenged the dominant focus of slavery scholarship on the Atlantic context but has also encouraged scholars to reassess wider perspectives on Asian and global social histories. This special issue brings together contributions that explore these new horizons. Together, they take up the issue of slavery and mobility in different parts of the Indian Ocean and Indonesian archipelago worlds from a comparative perspective, dealing not only with the existence and patterns of slave trade itself but also with its social and sociopolitical implications. These articles require us to rethink some of the dominant perspectives in a historiography that for a long time has emphasized the unique and local character of “Asian” slaveries, positing dichotomies between slavery in the Atlantic and elsewhere, as well as between Western and non-Western slaveries. The contributions to this special issue challenge several of these existing dichotomies and provide new contributions to the understanding of the role and importance of slavery from a global perspective, as well as to the history of the Indian Ocean and Indonesian archipelago worlds. This introduction reflects on this collective contribution and aims to provide an outline for a relevant research agenda.

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Marthinus, Domidoyo. "Hindu-Buddha: Cara Masyarakat Nusantara dalam Berspiritual Sebelum Datang Islam." Jurnal Kajian Islam Interdisipliner 5, no. 2 (December 27, 2020): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jkii.v5i2.1142.

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Nusantara adalah suatu wilayah kepulauan yang berada di antara dua benua, Asia dan Australia, sebagai benua yang berada dalam dua samudera raya yang di kenal sebagai samudera India dan samudera Pasifik. Kepulauan ini memotong ekuator dari 95 derajat sampai 141 derajat bujur timur. Penduduk pulau ini menarik perhatian berbagai masyarakat dari penjuru dunia, karena tanah subur dengan limpahan rempah-rempah dan corak masyarakat yang akomodatif dengankecenderunganfriendly dengan kehadiran tamu. Hal ini memicu para pedagang untuk berniaga dan sekaligus bersyiar atau berdakwah. Orang India yang beragama Hindu dan Buddha menjadi orang pertama yang berlabuh untuk berdagang dan sekaligus memperkenalkanagama yang di anut. Hal ini menjadikan identitas sangat bagus untuk diperbincangkan. Sebagai pendatang dantamu di Nusantara, orang-orang India membawa segala identitas termasuk budaya dan agama. Paper ini menjelaskan cara agama dari India hidup dan besar di tengah masyarakat.[The Nusantara is an archipelago located between two continents, Asia and Australia, as a continent located in two major oceans known as the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. These islands intersect the equator from 95 degrees to 141 degrees east longitude. The inhabitants of the island attract the attention of various people from all over the world because the land is fertile with an abundance of spices and an accommodating community style with a friendly inclination to the presence of guests. It triggered the traders to trade and simultaneously spread or preach. Indians who were Hindus and Buddhists were the first to anchor to trade and at the same time introduce the religion adherence embraced. It makes identity important to talk about. As guests and guests in the archipelago, Indians carry all identities, including culture and religion. This paper explains the way religions from India live and grow in society.]

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Tagliacozzo, Eric. "Trade, Production, and Incorporation. The Indian Ocean in Flux, 1600–1900." Itinerario 26, no. 1 (March 2002): 75–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300004952.

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Historians have approached the Indian Ocean from a variety of vantages in their attempts to explain the modern history of this huge maritime arena. Some scholars have concentrated on predation as a linking theme, charting how piracy connected a broad range of actors for centuries in these dangerous waters. Others have focused on environmental issues, asking how patterns of winds, currents, and weather allowed trade to flourish on such a vast, oceanic scale. These latter historians have appropriated a page out of Braudel, and have grafted his approaches to the Mediterranean to fit local, Indian Ocean realities, such as the role of cyclones and mangrove swamps in both helping and hindering long-distance commerce. Still other scholars have used different tacks, following trails of commodities such as spices or precious metals, or even focusing on far-flung archaeological remains, in an attempt to piece together trans-regional histories from the detritus civilisations left behind. All of these epistemological vectors have shed light on the region as a whole, though through different tools and lenses, and via a variety of techniques of inquiry.

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Wink, André. "World Trade, Merchant Empires, and the Economy of the Indian Ocean." International History Review 15, no. 1 (March 1993): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.1993.9640640.

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