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Journal articles on the topic 'Indian Ocean Tsunami'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Wickramaratne, Sanjeewa, S. Chan Wirasinghe, and Janaka Ruwanpura. "An update of proposed Sri Lanka warning system for east and west coast tsunamis." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 11, no. 2 (2019): 169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-08-2019-0052.

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Purpose Based on the existing provisions/operations of tsunami warning in the Indian Ocean, authors observed that detection as well as arrival time estimations of regional tsunami service providers (RTSPs) could be improved. In particular, the detection mechanisms have been eccentrically focussed on Sunda and Makran tsunamis, although tsunamis from Carlsberg ridge and Chagos archipelago could generate devastating tsunamis for which inadequate provisions exist for detection and arrival time/wave height estimation. RTSPs resort to assess estimated arrival time/wave heights from a scenario-based,

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2

MATSUMOTO, HIROYUKI, YUICHIRO TANIOKA, YUICHI NISHIMURA, et al. "REVIEW OF TIDE GAUGE RECORDS IN THE INDIAN OCEAN." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 03, no. 01 (2009): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431109000378.

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According to the NOAA earthquake database, at least 31 events have been found in the Indian Ocean in terms of tsunami event since 1900, most of which occurred along the Sunda Trench. In this study, we review the history of tide level measurements and their datasets archives in Thailand, Indonesia, India, and Australia. We collected tide gauge paper charts recording historical tsunamis including the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in those countries. As a result, systematic collection of historical tsunami records by tide gauges in the Indian Ocean has been difficult, because few tsunamigenic earthqu

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3

Maselli, Vittorio, Davide Oppo, Andrew L. Moore, et al. "A 1000-yr-old tsunami in the Indian Ocean points to greater risk for East Africa." Geology 48, no. 8 (2020): 808–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47257.1.

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Abstract The December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman tsunami prompted an unprecedented research effort to find ancient precursors and quantify the recurrence time of such a deadly natural disaster. This effort, however, has focused primarily along the northern and eastern Indian Ocean coastlines, in proximal areas hardest hit by the tsunami. No studies have been made to quantify the recurrence of tsunamis along the coastlines of the western Indian Ocean, leading to an underestimation of the tsunami risk in East Africa. Here, we document a 1000-yr-old sand layer hosting archaeological remains of an ancie

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4

Heller, Valentin. "Tsunami Science and Engineering II." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 9 (2019): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7090319.

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5

Heidarzadeh, Mohammad, Alexander Rabinovich, Satoshi Kusumoto, and C. P. Rajendran. "Field surveys and numerical modelling of the 2004 December 26 Indian Ocean tsunami in the area of Mumbai, west coast of India." Geophysical Journal International 222, no. 3 (2020): 1952–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa277.

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ABSTRACT In the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean (Sumatra-Andaman) tsunami, numerous survey teams investigated its effects on various locations across the Indian Ocean. However, these efforts were focused only on sites that experienced major destruction and a high death toll. As a consequence, some Indian Ocean coastal megacities were not examined. Among the cities not surveyed was Mumbai, the principal west coast port and economical capital of India with a population of more than 12 million. Mumbai is at risk of tsunamis from two major subduction zones in the Indian Ocean: the Sumatra–Andam

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6

Schindelé, F., A. Loevenbruck, and H. Hébert. "Strategy to design the sea-level monitoring networks for small tsunamigenic oceanic basins: the Western Mediterranean case." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 5 (2008): 1019–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-1019-2008.

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Abstract. The 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami triggered a number of international and national initiatives aimed at establishing modern, reliable and robust tsunami warning systems. In addition to the seismic network for initial warning, the main component of the monitoring system is the sea level network. Networks of coastal tide gages and tsunameters are implemented to detect the tsunami after the occurrence of a large earthquake, to confirm or refute the tsunami occurrence. Large oceans tsunami monitoring currently in place in the Pacific and in implementation in the Indian Ocean will

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7

de Sausmarez, Nicolette. "The Indian Ocean Tsunami." Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development 2, no. 1 (2005): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14790530500072278.

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8

Prastowo, Tjipto, Asiyah Khoiril Bariyah, Latifatul Cholifah, and Hilda Risanti. "Parameterising Maximum Tsunami Amplitude with Earthquake Moment Magnitude for Trans-Oceanic Tsunamis." ASM Science Journal 17 (July 8, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2022.1244.

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This study examines a relationship between earthquake size and maximum tsunami amplitude using large earthquakes of M_w> 7.5 that led to trans-Pacific and Indonesian tsunamis. The data were sampled from tide gauges or DART surface buoys for seven Pacific tsunamis (the 2006 Kuril, Russia, 2009 New Zealand, 2011 Tohoku-oki, Japan, 2013 Solomon Island, 2010 Maule, 2014 Iquique, and 2015 Illapel) and six Indonesian tsunamis (the 2004 Indian Ocean, 2006 Pangandaran, 2007 Bengkulu, 2010 Mentawai, 2010 Simeulue, and 2012 Northern Sumatera). We found that the size better scales with M_w instead of

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9

Takahashi, Tomoyuki, and Tomohiro Konuma. "Verification of Disaster Management Information on the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Using Virtual Tsunami Warning System." Journal of Disaster Research 6, no. 2 (2011): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2011.p0212.

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There is still no tsunami warning systemprotecting the shores of the Indian Ocean, but imagine that a tsunami warning system had been in operation at the time of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. What disaster management information would have been issued for this tsunami ? This paper first proposes four tsunamimodels based on the earthquake information issued by different institutions. Next, setting these tsunami models as the initial condition, tsunami simulations are conducted to find the height of the tsunami striking the coastline around the Indian Ocean. As a result, it is indicated that be

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10

Lahcene, Elisa, Ioanna Ioannou, Anawat Suppasri, et al. "Characteristics of building fragility curves for seismic and non-seismic tsunamis: case studies of the 2018 Sunda Strait, 2018 Sulawesi–Palu, and 2004 Indian Ocean tsunamis." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 8 (2021): 2313–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2313-2021.

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Abstract. Indonesia has experienced several tsunamis triggered by seismic and non-seismic (i.e., landslides) sources. These events damaged or destroyed coastal buildings and infrastructure and caused considerable loss of life. Based on the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) guidelines, this study assesses the empirical tsunami fragility to the buildings inventory of the 2018 Sunda Strait, 2018 Sulawesi–Palu, and 2004 Indian Ocean (Khao Lak–Phuket, Thailand) tsunamis. Fragility curves represent the impact of tsunami characteristics on structural components and express the likelihood of a structure r

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11

WANG, XIAOMING, and PHILIP L. F. LIU. "NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF THE 2004 INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMIS — COASTAL EFFECTS." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 01, no. 03 (2007): 273–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179343110700016x.

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The 2004 Sumatra earthquake and the associated tsunamis are one of the most devastating natural disasters in the last century. The tsunamis flooded a huge coastal area in the surrounding countries, especially in Indonesia, Thailand and Sri Lanka, and caused enormous loss of human lives and properties. In this paper, tsunami inundations in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka and North Banda Aceh, Indonesia were simulated by using a finite-difference model based on nonlinear shallow-water equations. The calculated tsunami heights and inundations in these two regions are compared with the field measurements a

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12

Shaw, Rajib. "Indian Ocean tsunami and aftermath." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 15, no. 1 (2006): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09653560610654202.

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13

Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, and Michael Ablain. "Tsunami in the Indian Ocean." Space Research Today 162 (April 2005): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-8732(05)00006-9.

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14

Voute, Caesar. "The Indian Ocean tsunami disaster." Space Research Today 163 (August 2005): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-8732(05)80053-1.

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15

McCall, Chris. "Remembering the Indian Ocean tsunami." Lancet 384, no. 9960 (2014): 2095–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(14)62358-8.

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16

Al'ala, Musa, Hermann M. Fritz, Mirza Fahmi, and Teuku Mudi Hafli. "Numerical simulations of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami deposits' thicknesses and emplacements." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 6 (2019): 1265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1265-2019.

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Abstract. After more than a decade of recurring tsunamis, identification of tsunami deposits, a part of hazard characterization, still remains a challenging task that is not fully understood. The lack of sufficient monitoring equipment and rare tsunami frequency are among the primary obstacles that limit our fundamental understanding of sediment transport mechanisms during a tsunami. The use of numerical simulations to study tsunami-induced sediment transport was rare in Indonesia until the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. This study aims to couple two hydrodynamic numerical models in order to repro

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17

Dawson, Alastair, and Iain Stewart. "Tsunami geoscience." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 31, no. 6 (2007): 575–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133307087083.

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Research in tsunami geoscience has accelerated markedly ever since the tragedy of the Indian Ocean tsunami of Boxing Day 2004. Yet, for many decades and centuries, scholars have been describing a multiplicity of tsunami events. Thus the Royal Society devoted a whole volume to the effects of the Great Lisbon earthquake and tsunami of November AD 1755 while in the early nineteenth century Charles Darwin was describing the great tsunami at Valdivia, Chile, in his account of the Voyage of the Beagle. Today, research in tsunami geoscience is still finding its feet. Thus, whereas there has been a we

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18

Kholifah, Ivo Nur, and Tjipto Prastowo. "ANALISIS RELASI ANTARA MAGNITUDO TSUNAMI DAN AMPLITUDO MAKSIMUM TSUNAMI." Inovasi Fisika Indonesia 10, no. 2 (2021): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/ifi.v10n2.p17-24.

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Abstrak Gempa tektonik dan tsunami adalah dua bencana geologi yang saling berhubungan dalam konteks gempa tektonik bisa memicu tsunami. Upaya mitigasi perlu dilakukan dengan mempelajari relasi antara parameter gempa tektonik dan parameter tsunami. Parameter gempa tektonik dikaji melalui magnitudo gempa bernilai tunggal yang tidak bergantung pada jarak pengamatan dari sumber dan dinyatakan dalam skala . Parameter tsunami dikaji melalui magnitudo tsunami dan elevasi muka laut atau dikenal sebagai amplitudo maksimum tsunami . Fokus penelitian ini adalah relasi antara dan di laut lepas serta

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19

Ramalanjaona, Georges. "Impact of 2004 Tsunami in the Islands of Indian Ocean: Lessons Learned." Emergency Medicine International 2011 (2011): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/920813.

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Tsunami of 2004, caused by a 9.0 magnitude earthquake, is the most devastating tsunami in modern times, affecting 18 countries in Southeast Asia and Southern Africa, killing more than 250,000 people in a single day, and leaving more than 1.7 million homeless. However, less reported, albeit real, is its impact in the islands of the Indian Ocean more than 1,000 miles away from its epicenter. This is the first peer-reviewed paper on the 2004 tsunami events specifically in the eleven nations bordering the Indian Ocean, as they constitute a region at risk, due to the presence of tectonic interactiv

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20

Lauterjung, J., U. Münch, and A. Rudloff. "The challenge of installing a tsunami early warning system in the vicinity of the Sunda Arc, Indonesia." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 4 (2010): 641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-641-2010.

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Abstract. Indonesia is located along the most prominent active continental margin in the Indian Ocean, the so-called Sunda Arc and, therefore, is one of the most threatened regions of the world in terms of natural hazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis. On 26 December 2004 the third largest earthquake ever instrumentally recorded (magnitude 9.3, Stein and Okal, 2005) occurred off-shore northern Sumatra and triggered a mega-tsunami affecting the whole Indian Ocean. Almost a quarter of a million people were killed, as the region was not prepared either in terms of early-warning or

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21

SUPPASRI, ANAWAT, FUMIHIKO IMAMURA, and SHUNICHI KOSHIMURA. "TSUNAMI HAZARD AND CASUALTY ESTIMATION IN A COASTAL AREA THAT NEIGHBORS THE INDIAN OCEAN AND SOUTH CHINA SEA." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 06, no. 02 (2012): 1250010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431112500108.

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In the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, many hundreds of thousands of lives have been lost due to tsunami events, and almost half of the lives lost occurred following the 2004 Indian Ocean event. Potential tsunami case scenarios have been simulated in these regions by a number of researchers to calculate the hazard level. The hazard level is based on a variety of conditions, such as the tsunami height, the inundation area, and the arrival time. However, the current assessments of the hazard levels do not focus on the tsunami risk to a coastal population. This study proposes a new method t

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22

Decker, Valeska, Carole T. Gee, Pia J. Schucht, Susanne Lindauer, and Gösta Hoffmann. "Life on the Edge: A Powerful Tsunami Overwhelmed Indian Ocean Mangroves One Millennium Ago." Forests 13, no. 6 (2022): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13060922.

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In this paper, we demonstrate how subfossil mangrove wood can be used to elucidate the timing of past tsunami events. Although tsunamis generated by submarine earthquakes along the Makran subduction zone in the Arabian Sea are not unusual, rigorous age documentation is generally lacking. The best known is the only instrument-recorded tsunami, which affected the coastlines of Iran, Pakistan, India, and Oman in November 1945. Eyewitness accounts of the effect along the Oman coastline assert that this tsunami was not destructive. However, a 25-cm-thick shell layer in the lagoon adjacent to the ci

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23

Buck, Lucy, Charlie Bristow, and Ella Meilianda. "After the Indian Ocean Tsunami (IOT): Natural beach recovery, Meulaboh, Sumatra, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 340 (2022): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234001002.

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Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) offers an efficient and non-invasive method of identifying and characterising subsurface features. It has previously been used to investigate both tsunami deposits and marine erosion surfaces from tsunamis as well as the structure of the structure of prograding beaches. The present study investigates beach deposits at Meulaboh, western coast of Aceh Province in Sumatra Island of Indonesia, to estimate the volume of sediment that has been deposited since the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, using the GPR with an antenna of 200 MHz. Two profiles perpendicular to the coas

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Rasheed, Shuaib, Simon C. Warder, Yves Plancherel, and Matthew D. Piggott. "Nearshore tsunami amplitudes across the Maldives archipelago due to worst-case seismic scenarios in the Indian Ocean." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 3 (2024): 737–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-737-2024.

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Abstract. The Maldives face the threat of tsunamis from a multitude of sources. However, the limited availability of critical data, such as bathymetry (a recurrent problem for many island nations), has meant that the impact of these threats has not been studied at an island scale. Conducting studies of tsunami propagation at the island scale but across multiple atolls is also a challenging task due to the large domain and high resolution required for modelling. Here we use a high-resolution bathymetry dataset of the Maldives archipelago, as well as corresponding high numerical model resolution

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Sheth, Alpa, Snigdha Sanyal, Arvind Jaiswal, and Prathibha Gandhi. "Effects of the December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami on the Indian Mainland." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 3_suppl (2006): 435–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2208562.

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The 26 December 2004 tsunami significantly affected the coastal regions of southern peninsular India. About 8,835 human lives were lost in the tsunami in mainland India, with 86 persons reported missing. Two reconnaissance teams traveled by road to survey the damage across mainland India. Geographic and topological features affecting tsunami behavior on the mainland were observed. The housing stock along the coast, as well as bridges and roads, suffered extensive damage. Structures were damaged by direct pressure from tsunami waves, and scouring damage was induced by the receding waves. Many o

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IMAMURA, FUMIHIKO. "DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION AND EVACUATION PROCEDURES IN THE 2004–2007 TSUNAMIS, INCLUDING THE 2004 INDIAN OCEAN." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 03, no. 02 (2009): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431109000457.

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Three steps taken to obtain information, make the decision to escape and complete safe evacuation were identified from field investigations and interviews of survivors of the 2004–2007 tsunamis in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Three kinds of knowledge gaps among the people and experts caused a delay in evacuation even though they received warnings of the tsunamis. The response to such a disaster should be related to a balance between recognition of the tsunami warning and evaluation of individual risk bias. For an appropriate tsunami warning, the tsunami information in the system should be se

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Riyaz, Mahmood, and Anawat Suppasri. "Geological and Geomorphological Tsunami Hazard Analysis for the Maldives Using an Integrated WE Method and a LR Model." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 10, no. 01 (2016): 1650003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431116500032.

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This study presents a tsunami hazard analysis for the Maldives using integrated statistical approaches, such as the WE (weight of evidence) method and a LR (logistic regression) model, using historical flooding records from the Maldives following the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. The data with respect to the geological and geomorphological parameters of the islands and reefs, which were collected from 202 inhabited islands and seven resorts in the Maldives, were weighted by the presence/absence of evidence from the impacted islands. The tsunami hazard and risk were evaluated using spatial weights

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28

Zielinski, Sarah. "Indian Ocean tsunami detection buoy deployed." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 87, no. 50 (2006): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006eo500008.

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29

Aitchison, Jonathan C. "The Great Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster." Gondwana Research 8, no. 2 (2005): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1342-937x(05)71111-4.

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30

Inoue, Kazuo. "Massive Tsunami in Indian Ocean Coasts." Disaster Management & Response 3, no. 2 (2005): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dmr.2005.02.004.

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31

Gupta, Harsh K. "26 December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami." Journal of the Geological Society of India 92, no. 6 (2018): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12594-018-1081-9.

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32

KUMAR, B. PRASAD, R. RAJESH KUMAR, S. K. DUBE, et al. "TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING SYSTEM — AN INDIAN OCEAN PERSPECTIVE." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 02, no. 03 (2008): 197–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431108000311.

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On 26th December 2004, the countries within the vicinity of East Indian Ocean experienced the most devastating tsunami in recorded history. This tsunami was triggered by an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 on the Richter scale at 3.4°N, 95.7°E off the coast of Sumatra in the Indonesian Archipelago at 06:29 hrs IST (00:59 hrs GMT). One of the most basic information that any tsunami warning center should have at its disposal, is information on Tsunami Travel Times (TTT) to various coastal locations surrounding the Indian Ocean rim, as well as to several island locations. Devoid of this information, n

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Daskalaki, E., and G. A. Papadopoulos. "The 26th December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami: the intensity field." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 3 (2018): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16826.

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The Mw=9.3 Sumatra earthquake of 26.12.2004 triggered one of the most devastating tsunamis. A great number of coastal sites were affected around the Indian Ocean from near-field up to distances of more than 6000 km. We compiled field data taken by many research groups, including the present one, from around the Indian Ocean and classified them according to their geographical distribution. In every observation point, the various effects of the tsunami have been transformed to tsunami intensities. The 12-point intensity scale was applied. Maximum intensities ranging between 10 and 12 have been a

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Bariyah, Asiyah Khoiril, and Tjipto Prastowo. "ANALISIS RELASI ANTARA MAGNITUDO MOMEN GEMPA TEKTONIK DAN AMPLITUDO MAKSIMUM TSUNAMI UNTUK KASUS TSUNAMI LINTAS SAMUDERA PASIFIK DAN TSUNAMI INDONESIA." Inovasi Fisika Indonesia 9, no. 2 (2020): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/ifi.v9n2.p5-14.

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Abstrak Gempa tektonik dan tsunami merupakan bencana kebumian paling berbahaya bila dilihat dari dampak kerusakan dan cakupan wilayah terdampak. Meskipun termasuk penting namun sampai saat ini belum banyak penelitian yang menganalisis relasi antara magnitudo momen gempa dan amplitudo maksimum tsunami. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan dan menganalisis persamaan empiris yang mendiskripsikan hubungan antara magnitudo momen gempa dan amplitudo maksimum tsunami dengan bantuan 7 kasus tsunami lintas Samudera Pasifik (Kuril, Rusia 2006, Selandia Baru 2009, Maule, Chili 2010,

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Imamura, Fumihiko, Shunichi Koshimura, Kazuhisa Goto, Hideaki Yanagisawa, and Yoko Iwabuchi. "Global Disaster: The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami." Journal of Disaster Research 1, no. 1 (2006): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2006.p0131.

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The typical mechanism behind the generation and propagation of the 2004 Indian ocean tsunami is introduced through computer graphics, showing how it propagated across the ocean. The damage it caused in countries on the Indian ocean is summarized to suggest the lessons to be leaned in mitigating similar disasters in the future. And we investigated its impact on not only coastal community but also the environment, including coral and vegetation by a field survey and cover research required in tsunami engineering.

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Mitra, Rimali, Hajime Naruse, and Shigehiro Fujino. "Reconstruction of flow conditions from 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami deposits at the Phra Thong island using a deep neural network inverse model." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 5 (2021): 1667–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1667-2021.

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Abstract. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami caused significant economic losses and a large number of fatalities in the coastal areas. The estimation of tsunami flow conditions using inverse models has become a fundamental aspect of disaster mitigation and management. Here, a case study involving the Phra Thong island, which was affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, in Thailand was conducted using inverse modeling that incorporates a deep neural network (DNN). The DNN inverse analysis reconstructed the values of flow conditions such as maximum inundation distance, flow velocity and maximum flo

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Yeh, Harry, R. K. Chadha, Mathew Francis, et al. "Tsunami Runup Survey along the Southeast Indian Coast." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 3_suppl (2006): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2202651.

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The 26 December Indian Ocean tsunami was an extraordinary event in the history of natural hazards. It severely affected many countries surrounding the Indian Ocean: Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and African countries. Unlike the previous tsunami events in the last 40 years, the seriously affected areas are so vast that a traditional ground-level tsunami survey covering all the necessary areas by a single survey team was impractical. This destructive event will undoubtedly provide many opportunities to explore both basic and applied research

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Swe, Tint Lwin, Kenji Satake, Than Tin Aung, et al. "Myanmar Coastal Area Field Survey after the December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 3_suppl (2006): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2206158.

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A post-tsunami survey was conducted along the Myanmar coast two months after the 2004 Great Sumatra earthquake ( Mw=9.0) that occurred off the west coast of Sumatra and generated a devastating tsunami around the Indian Ocean. Visual observations, measurements, and a survey of local people's experiences with the tsunami indicated some reasons why less damage and fewer casualties occurred in Myanmar than in other countries around the Indian Ocean. The tide level at the measured sites was calibrated with reference to a real-time tsunami datum, and the tsunami tide level range was 2–3 m for 22 loc

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Suppasri, Anawat, Musa Al'ala, Mumtaz Luthfi, and Louise K. Comfort. "Assessing the tsunami mitigation effectiveness of the planned Banda Aceh Outer Ring Road (BORR), Indonesia." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 1 (2019): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-299-2019.

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Abstract. This research aimed to assess the tsunami flow velocity and height reduction produced by a planned elevated road parallel to the coast of Banda Aceh, called the Banda Aceh Outer Ring Road (BORR). The road will transect several lagoons, settlements, and bare land around the coast of Banda Aceh. Beside its main function to reduce traffic congestion in the city, the BORR is also proposed to reduce the impacts of future tsunamis. The Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT) was used to simulate eight scenarios of the tsunami. One of them was based on the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunam

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Mitaphonna, Rara, Muliadi Ramli, Nazli Ismail, and Nasrullah Idris Arief. "Qualitative Geochemical Analysis of the 2004 Indian Ocean Giant Tsunami Deposits Excavated at Seungko Mulat Located in Aceh Besar of Indonesia Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 24, no. 3 (2024): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.88086.

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was employed to characterize the geochemical signatures layer by layer of 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami deposits in Seungko Mulat Village, Aceh Province, Indonesia. In the LIBS experimental setup, a Nd-YAG laser beam is directed towards the deposit samples, and the resulting atomic emission lines from the laser-induced plasma are captured using a spectrometer. Our analysis reveals terrestrial indicators (Fe), heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Co, Cd), and increased emission intensity of Mg, Ca, Al, K, Si, Ba, N, and O in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami layers. The emi

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Shigihara, Yoshinori, and Koji Fujima. "Wave Dispersion Effect in the Indian Ocean Tsunami." Journal of Disaster Research 1, no. 1 (2006): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2006.p0142.

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We conducted a numerical simulation that takes into account the effect of wave frequency dispersion in the Indian Ocean Tsunami that occurred on December 26, 2004. A leapfrog-implicit numerical scheme based on Shigihara et al. [6] is applicable to practical simulation. Dispersion effect is negligible for the runup to the northwest coast of Sumatra Island. At the west side of tsunami source, if the aim of simulation is the reproduction of detailed propagation process, dispersion should be considered in Sri Lanka. If maximum runup height and tsunami arrival time are required, however, dispersion

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Arcas, Diego, and Harvey Segur. "Seismically generated tsunamis." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1964 (2012): 1505–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0457.

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People around the world know more about tsunamis than they did 10 years ago, primarily because of two events: a tsunami on 26 December 2004 that killed more than 200 000 people around the shores of the Indian Ocean; and an earthquake and tsunami off the coast of Japan on 11 March 2011 that killed nearly 15 000 more and triggered a nuclear accident, with consequences that are still unfolding. This paper has three objectives: (i) to summarize our current knowledge of the dynamics of tsunamis; (ii) to describe how that knowledge is now being used to forecast tsunamis; and (iii) to suggest some po

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Singh, Saurabh, Suraj Kumar Singh, Deepak Kumar Prajapat, et al. "Assessing the Impact of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami on South Andaman’s Coastal Shoreline: A Geospatial Analysis of Erosion and Accretion Patterns." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 6 (2023): 1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11061134.

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The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami significantly impacted the coastal shoreline of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, causing widespread destruction of infrastructure and ecological damage. This study aims to analyze the short- and long-term shoreline changes in South Andaman, focusing on 2004–2005 (pre- and post-tsunami) and 1990–2023 (to assess periodic changes). Using remote sensing techniques and geospatial tools such as the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS), shoreline change rates were calculated in four zones, revealing the extent of the tsunami’s impact. During the pre- a

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Yongjia, Liang. "Between Science and Religion: An Astrological Interpretation of the Asian Tsunami in India." Asian Journal of Social Science 36, no. 2 (2008): 234–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853108x298716.

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AbstractAstrology plays an important role in Indian social life. Indian astrologers' claim to have accurately predicted the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, or the Asian Tsunami, was an effort to legitimize astrology as a full science. This effort demonstrates a difficulty in knowledge categorization, for in India, astrology is neither classified as a science nor as a religion. This is a result of the idea of an Indian nation-state, which rests upon both science and religion as foundations, but at the expense of expelling astrology from religion for not being scientific. However, as astrology contin

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Lukkunaprasit, Panitan, Nuttawut Thanasisathit, and Harry Yeh. "Experimental Verification of FEMA P646 Tsunami Loading." Journal of Disaster Research 4, no. 6 (2009): 410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2009.p0410.

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The 2004 catastrophe of the Indian Ocean tsunami prompted scientists and engineers to develop better guidelines for economically designed essential buildings that are capable of withstanding tsunami forces. A recent design guidelines document – FEMA P646 [1] published by the US Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) – proposes a practical method to estimate the tsunami design forces at a given locality with a known maximum tsunami runup height. This paper focuses on verifying the method stipulated in FEMA P646 through laboratory experiments, assuming the beach condition similar to Kamala b

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Bagla, P. "INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI: A Dead Spot for the Tsunami Network?" Science 310, no. 5754 (2005): 1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.310.5754.1604.

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Shuto, Nobuo. "Message from the Winner." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 4 (2019): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p0567.

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After the 1960 Great Chilean Tsunami, coastal dikes were remodeled and new ones constructed in Japan. In 1968, immediately after the completion of those construction and remodeling works, the Tokachi-Oki Earthquake struck, but fortunately the structures involved sustained very little damage. This led to a general feeling that it was possible to protect against the tsunamis completely by simply building coastal dikes and other defense structures. Japan did not see an increase in the number of tsunami researchers, but things were worse in the U.S. The National Science Foundation allocated its ts

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Zhang, Zhongduo, Andrew Kennedy, and Joaquin P. Moris. "TSUNAMI WAVE LOADING ON A STRUCTURAL ARRAY PARTIALLY SHELTERED BY A SEAWALL." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.management.14.

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In recent years tsunamis have been recognized as one of the most catastrophic natural disasters in the world, highlighted by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami. These countries affected by tsunamis like Indonesia, Thailand and Japan usually arm their coast with sea walls to provide protection for coastal urban regions; however, surveys have found during both tsunami events, several sections of breached sea walls had led to extensive damage in those coastal regions (Dalrymple and Kriebel, 2005; Sato, 2015). Previous studies have examined the sheltering effe

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Synolakis, Costas E., and Laura Kong. "Runup Measurements of the December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 3_suppl (2006): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2218371.

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We summarize some of the findings and observations from the field surveys conducted in the aftermath of the horrific tsunami of 26 December 2004 and reported in this issue. All these field surveys represent an unprecedented scientific undertaking and involved both local and international scientists working side by side. The 26 December tsunami was the first with transoceanic impact, since comprehensive postevent hydrodynamic surveys began to be conducted in the early 1990s with modern measurement tools. The tsunami impacted at least 16 nations directly: Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar,

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Fritz, Hermann M., Costas E. Synolakis, and Brian G. McAdoo. "Maldives Field Survey after the December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 3_suppl (2006): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2201973.

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The tsunami of 26 December 2004 severely affected the Maldives at a distance of 2,500 km from the epicenter of the magnitude 9.0 earthquake. The Maldives provide an opportunity to assess the impact of a tsunami on coral atolls. Two international tsunami survey teams (ITSTs) surveyed a total of 13 heavily damaged islands. The islands were visited by seaplane on 14–15 and 18–19 January 2005. We recorded tsunami heights of up to 4 m on Vilufushi on the basis of the location of debris in trees and watermarks on buildings. Each watermark was localized by means of a global positioning system (GPS) a

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