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Journal articles on the topic 'INDIAN SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Seshadri, Triyakshana. "An Analysis of the Feasibility of Private Land Assembly for Special Economic Zones in India." Urban Studies 49, no. 10 (November 10, 2011): 2285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098011423426.

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India has used export processing zones as a development strategy since the mid 1960s. The performance of these zones did not meet expectations and, in 2001, the government changed the rules and the name, and recast them as special economic zones. Indian special economic zone policy was formulated to facilitate the private development of big industrial townships. This is a significant departure from the typical export zone model, where governments usually develop the zone and invite entrepreneurs to start firms within it. However, the zone policy is unlikely to achieve its objective because of land acquisition problems. This paper analyses the effect of land laws such as land ceiling and land use clauses, and the political nature of land dealings in the context of special economic zone development in India, and concludes that private land acquisition is not possible with the current structure of land laws in India, and that this is a primary problem for the private development in special economic zones in India.

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2

Shadikhodjaev, Sherzod. "The WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures and Unilateralism of Special Economic Zones." Journal of International Economic Law 24, no. 2 (April 10, 2021): 381–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgab013.

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ABSTRACT Many governmental incentives unilaterally offered in special economic zones affect competition in international markets and thus fall within the scope of the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. Until very recently, products made in such zones could face countervailing duty investigations abroad on a charge of improper subsidization. In 2019, the World Trade Organization issued its first ruling focusing on the legality of certain special economic zone subsidies. In particular, the panel in India—Export Related Measures found fiscal preferences under an Indian scheme to be prohibited export subsidies. This article examines the status of special economic zone incentives under the multilateral subsidy regime, discusses the relevant anti-subsidy practice, and identifies ‘risky’ and ‘safe’ types of support measures that constitute unilateralism of zones in promoting economic activities.

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3

Anwar, Mohammad Amir. "New modes of industrial manufacturing: India’s experience with special economic zones." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 24, no. 24 (June 1, 2014): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2014-0011.

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Abstract Special economic zones in India have gained prominence among the policy making circles in recent years. The argument by the policy makers was that these zones will allow industrialisation in India. This article reviews the emerging geography of SEZs (special economic zones) in India and the Indian government recent experiment with the SEZs as models of economic development. The article argues that current SEZ policy in India is designed along the lines of mainstream economic strategy for industrialisation of Washington Consensus, i.e. open economy with greater market freedom coupled with minimal government intervention leads to rapid economic growth and rising incomes. The evidence suggests that these zones are giving rise to uneven geographical development in India with certain regions, sectors and classes are deriving the benefits from this policy.

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4

Ambhore, Dr Shankar, Dr Dilip Arjune, Manish Parshuram Pawar, and Dr Ashok Shankarrao Pawar. "A Critical Study of Special Economic Zones in India." International Journal of Scientific Research 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/jul2012/13.

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5

MOBERG, LOTTA. "The political economy of special economic zones." Journal of Institutional Economics 11, no. 1 (June 10, 2014): 167–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137414000241.

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AbstractThis paper is a first attempt to apply a robust political economy framework to explain when Special Economic Zones (SEZs) can contribute to economic development. A robust political economy is one that channels the actions of self-interested individuals with limited information to promote economic progress. In the right institutional context, SEZs tend to promote economic growth. In the wrong institutional context, they can cause resource misallocation and rent-seeking. Policy makers introducing SEZs must overcome the knowledge problem to avoid misdirected economic planning. Yet, the scheme can only fulfill its purpose if it also prevents destructive rent-seeking behavior, both from businesses and from government authorities. The political economy framework of SEZs can be applied to judge their potential efficacy, something that orthodox studies of country features such as natural resources, infrastructure, and zone location fail to do. The Indian and Chinese experiences with SEZs illustrate these points.

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Dhingra, Tarun, and Tripti Singh. "Special Economic Zone - An Indian Approach." Foreign Trade Review 43, no. 4 (January 2009): 52–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515090403.

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7

Babita and N. K. Bishnoi. "A Social Benefit Cost Analysis of Special Economic Zones in India: A Study of Noida SEZ." Indian Economic Journal 66, no. 1-2 (March 2018): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466219865386.

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Special economic zones (SEZs) in India have been in news due to their usefulness vis-à-vis adverse effects on economy. A good number of opponents opine that costs incurred by SEZs outweigh the benefits. However, it cannot be denied that SEZs have played a positive role in the welfare of the economy. Thus, to examine this issue, we carried out a social benefit–cost analysis (SBCA) on Noida Special Economic Zone (NSEZ) within the context of enclave model for the period of 2009–2016. The result shows the positive net present value and benefit–cost ratio greater than one under methodological assumptions. This infers that NSEZ is contributing towards the welfare of Indian economy. One interesting findings of the study is that NSEZ is generating positive gains to economy with the absence of various market distortions which could otherwise reduce the realised benefits. Hence, need arises to eliminate such distortions from outside area of economy also to make it competitive at global level. Therefore, it can be concluded that competitiveness of the Indian economy can be enhanced with the removal of market distortions and liberalisation of rules, regulation and policies for economic development activities. Hence, the Government of India should emphasise and make regulations and policies that encourage competitiveness of the industries. JEL Classification: D04, D61, F13, H2, J01

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8

Bhaskar. "Impact of Special Economic Zone on Indian Economy." International Journal of Management Studies V, Special Issue 2 (August 30, 2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18843/ijms/v5is2/08.

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9

Punj, Amita. "Special Economic Zones: Operational Adjustment of Labour Law." Journal of National Law University Delhi 5, no. 1 (July 2018): 78–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277401718787955.

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Labour law regimes worldwide have undergone a metamorphosis on account of their inextricable relation with the labour market which in turn is influenced by the prevailing economic thought. The mid-eighties witnessed a marked shift in the dominant economic thought from demand side to supply side economic theory. Export processing zones or special economic zones established with a view to promote export oriented economic growth constitute an overzealous expression of this shift. In tune with this trend, labour law, as operationalised in special economic zones in India manifests adjustment of workers’ rights to the need of economic growth euphemistically called ‘development’. The intention to exclude application of labour law in these zones reflected in the Bill introduced by the then minister of Commerce and Industry is being realised despite the outright rejection of such exclusion by the legislature and its substitution by a norm upholding the applicability. The following piece presents the saga of normative ways and mechanisms adopted for such a structural adjustment of labour law within special economic zones.

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10

Parwez, Sazzad. "A Review of Special Economic Zone Led to Detrimental Implications: An Indian Experience." Emerging Economy Studies 6, no. 2 (November 2020): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2394901520977424.

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This article reviews the implications of special economic zones (SEZs) in the Indian context at both conceptual and empirical levels. It tries to draw attention toward detrimental modification in laws and actual implementation in the backdrop of judicial and executive practice. Implications in terms of socio-economic–legal–environmental taken together raise a question on the overall idea of SEZs. As evidences suggest, there are detrimental effects of SEZ operations in various forms.

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11

Nedumpara, James J., Manya Gupta, and Leïla Choukroune. "WTO Litigation and SEZs: Determining the Scope of Exceptional Trade Unilateralism." Journal of International Economic Law 24, no. 2 (May 4, 2021): 403–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgab020.

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ABSTRACT The incentives available to enterprises located in special economic zones can be classified into three broad categories, namely, (i) fiscal incentives in the nature of tax incentives and exemption of duties, (ii) non-fiscal incentives in the form of infrastructural and developmental facilities, and (iii) regulatory incentives covering lenient and flexible compliance requirements. The fiscal incentives in special economic zones are, to an extent, regulated by the law of the World Trade Organization although direct challenges of special economic zone policies have been very few or non-existent. The absence of legal challenges led to a number of World Trade Organization members pursuing unilateral trade policies within their special economic zones. However, the recent World Trade Organization Panel findings in India—Export Related Measures appear to highlight the thin margin for trade unilateralism especially in relation to fiscal incentives in special economic zones. In the above context, this article examines the permissible limits of trade unilateralism, in the context of special economic zones, by providing a fresh understanding of the disciplines under international trade law and the available jurisprudence. It focuses, in particular, on the precise contours of permissible trade unilateralism exercised by World Trade Organization members when granting fiscal incentives. In doing so, this article also examines the concept of exception as a manifestation of unilateralism in International Economic Law.

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12

Gopinath, D. "Contemporary Approaches to Economic Development: The Special Economic Zone Programme." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 24, no. 6-7 (September 2009): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690940903319018.

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Of considerable interest within policy and academic circles, is the emergence of India's status as a new economic powerhouse in Asia. This development can be linked to its recent advocacy of ‘effective’ local economic development policies, particularly in attempting to create ‘new economic spaces’ as a model for economic development. In this regard, in 2005, the Indian central government passed the Special Economic Zone Act: to attract foreign and domestic investment, to boost export earnings, to generate local employment and to make improvements to infrastructural services. As a result, new challenges have emerged. At one end, there is a reduced role for central government intervention in economic development as a result of shifts from an earlier central government-directed policy mechanism to this contemporary approach in SEZ policy where state governments as well as private investors are increasingly seen as important partners in economic develop-ment. On the other hand, not only have the number of sanctioned SEZs exceeded the expectations of policy makers, but also that there is now an uneven distribution of SEZ investments across the country that only a stronger central government intervention can possibly address.

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13

RAHAYU, SLAMET MARDIYANTO, and ARISTA SUCI ANDINI. "STUDY OF TSUNAMI MITIGATION BASED ON VEGETATION IN SERENTING BEACH, MANDALIKA SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE, LOMBOK ISLAND." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 12 (December 25, 2020): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i12.2020.2473.

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Serenting Beach is one of the beaches in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (MSEZ), Central Lombok Regency. The MSEZ is located in the southern part of Lombok Island and faces the Indian Ocean. The Mandalika Special Economic Zone is prospected to expedite the sector of tourism at Province of West Nusa Tenggara which is very potential. A few hundred kilometers to the south part of Lombok Island is one of the large tectonic plates meeting zones which is a major source of potential tsunami earthquakes. With the geological conditions of Lombok Island which is prone to tsunamis and the existence of environmental degradation in Serenting Beach, MSEZ, it is necessary to conduct research about study of tsunami mitigation based on vegetation in Serenting Beach, MSEZ, Lombok Island. Based on the research, there are several types of plants that need to be planted as a tsunami disaster mitigation effort in Serenting Beach, MSEZ, namely: Casuarina equisetifolia, Pandanus odoratissimus, Cocos nucifera, Hibiscus tiliaceus, and Terminalia catappa. The government and various related parties need to provide education to the public, tourism managers, and tourists to take an active role in protecting vegetation and not through illegal logging.

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14

Ahamed, Akkas, Md Sayedur Rahman, and Nur Hossain. "China-Myanmar Bilateral Relations: An Analytical Study of Some Geostrategic and Economic Issues." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, no. 3 (September 17, 2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i3.17704.

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Myanmar's geopolitical and geostrategic position is very important for China and India, the two regional powers in East Asia and South Asia. Myanmar is the main connecting hub for South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia, and it is also connected with the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean. Myanmar is connected with the two corridors of China's ambitious projects, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar Economic Corridor (BCIM). Chinese ships have to navigate at the Malacca Strait, especially in the case of fuel oil imports and exports to global markets, which are, both times consuming and strategically risky. But, using the Rakhine state's Kyaukpyu port will reduce China's dependence on the Malacca Strait and expand trade. Due to the US presence in the Indian Ocean, the recent Sino-Indian conflict, and Myanmar's geostrategic position, Sino-Myanmar relations are now one of the topics of study. This article will analyze the geostrategic and economic issues of Sino-Myanmar relations. The study has found that both China and Myanmar have greatly been benefitted through the establishment of strong bilateral relationship based on trade and investment, connectivity, constructions of ports and special economic zones. The main objective of this study is to find a diplomatic way to improve the Bangladesh-Myanmar relations based on the results of the strong relationship of China and Myanmar. This study is a major contribution to the field of China–Myanmar bilateral relations in the context of some geostrategic and geo-economic issues. The study has been carried out based on secondary data with some primary data of border survey and focus group discussions. At the conclusion of this study, there has been provided with some policy recommendations to improve the geostrategic and economic relations between the two neighboring countries.

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15

Parwez, Sazzad. "Enterprising SEZ Enclaves and Economic Development in India." Journal of International Business and Economy 19, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51240/jibe.2018.1.1.

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This paper is based on the premises of economic development through the creation of economic enclaves across the region-seeking industrialization in the context of India. The study suggests that Special Economic Zones policy has attracted a considerable amount of export-oriented investment and production, employment creation, and technical know-how. However, the policy has not met the desired results considering the objective of economic development. Assessment leads to understanding that competitiveness of domestic firms and linkages with foreign affiliates can be strengthened by the adoption of institutional re-structuring to create the conducive environment for further industrialization. It may lead to related spillovers to have positive impacts on the overall economy.

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16

Aggarwal, Aradhna. "SEZ-led Growth in Taiwan, Korea, and India: Implementing a Successful Strategy." Asian Survey 52, no. 5 (September 2012): 872–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2012.52.5.872.

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Abstract The present study examines the ingredients of strategic state intervention in growth driven by special economic zones (SEZs). Analyzing the experiences of Taiwan, South Korea, and India, the research reveals that essential components of a strategic SEZ policy include the spirit of experimentation with strategic policy making informed by a medium- to long-term vision, as well as a strong commitment, pragmatic approach, dynamic learning, and institution-building.

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17

Nielsen, Kenneth Bo, and Heather Plumridge Bedi. "The regional identity politics of India’s new land wars: Land, food, and popular mobilisation in Goa and West Bengal." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 10 (July 17, 2017): 2324–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17719884.

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India has over the recent decade witnessed a spate of land transfers as Special Economic Zones, extractive industries, or real estate dispossess farmers, land owners, and indigenous groups of their land. As a result, struggles over land have emerged with force in many locations, almost across India. Yet while the political economy and legal aspects of India’s new ‘land wars’ are well documented, the discourses and identities mobilised against large-scale forcible land transfers receive less scholarly attention. We suggest ‘the regional identity politics’ of India’s current land wars to explain the important role of place-based identities in garnering broad, public support for popular anti-dispossession movements. We explore how land, and its produce, are mobilised by anti-dispossession movements in the Indian states of Goa and West Bengal. The movements mobilised land and food not as emblematic of structural changes in the political economy, but first and foremost within a symbolic field in which they came to stand metaphorically for regional forms of belonging and identity under threat. While reinforcing regional solidarity, these identities also contributed to the fragmented and often highly localised nature of India’s current land wars, while also potentially disrupting efforts to sustain organising in the long term.

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18

Ramakrishna, B. M., and M. U. Jayasheela. "Environmental Problems and Sustainable Development: With Special Reference to India Issues and Challenges." Journal of Global Economy 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v6i2.51.

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Any countryâ€™s environmental problems are related to the level of its economic development, the availability of natural resources and the lifestyle of its population. In India, rapid growth of population, poverty, urbanization, industrialization and several related factors are responsible for the rapid degradation of the environment.Â Environmental problems have become serious in many parts of the country, and hence cannot be ignored.Â The main environmental problems in India relate to air and water pollution particularly inÂ metropolitan cities and industrial zones, degradation of common property resources which affect the poor adversely as they depends on them for their livelihood, threat to biodiversity and inadequate system of solid waste disposal and sanitation with consequent adverse impact on health, infant mortality and birth rate. In India, efforts are being made on for the environmental management in a sustainable manner..Â At all levels of education provisions have been made for the knowledge of environment and its conservation.Â In the country many centres are providing special training for environmental management.Â The programmes of environmental awareness have been launched through media.Â India is an active member of International Organizations concerning environment.Â Several programmes are going on under UNEP.Â The Government has recently started emphasizing the combined use of regulatory and economic instruments for improving environmental quality.Â There is a need for coordination between government agencies, NGOs and the public for the proper management of environment quality and to achieve sustainable development in the country.

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Chakraborty, Proshant. "The poetics and politics of ‘progress’ in neoliberal India: The state and its margins in Shanghai (2012)." Studies in South Asian Film & Media 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/safm_00035_1.

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The contemporary Indian state is exemplified by contradictions. Its workings are marked by a simultaneous retreat and deepening of state power under neoliberalism as well as burgeoning governmentalities that both produce and police political dissent. Such framings of the state problematize received political wisdom on the relations between centre and margin, state and government, citizen and subject. Anthropological approaches to the state map out its complex organizational logics, which are further embedded in the exercise of power and violence. Drawing on such approaches, this article examines the 2012 Indian film Shanghai, directed by Dibakar Banerjee. Based on Greek author Vassilis Vassilikos’ 1966 novel Z, Shanghai represents the contemporary neoliberal Indian state’s workings in the fictitious periurban town of Bharatnagar, slated to become a world-class Special Economic Zone. However, when a left-wing activist opposing land acquisition is fatally injured in an ‘accident’, a state bureaucrat’s investigation unravels how the onward march of pragati (‘progress’) is undergirded by violence. Taking Shanghai as an example of ‘realist fiction’, I examine both representations and realities of the neoliberal Indian state using a thick and nuanced reading of the film’s narrative, cinematic details, context and characters, situating them in anthropological discussions on the state and its margins in contemporary India.

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20

Sheth, Jagdish. "Making India Globally Competitive." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 29, no. 4 (October 2004): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920040401.

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The fast-paced economic and political changes across the world are forcing India to be more globally-oriented. This paper traces these global changes in a historical perspective and examines how India can be integrated into the global economy. It discusses the primary growth engines at different phases of the world growth cycle and suggests the main area around which there is a need to reengineer the country for global competitiveness. While Western Europe and the US/Canada engineered the 18th and the 19th century growth respectively, the author sees the large emerging nations as the 21st century growth engines and purchasing power parity (PPP) as the new measure of economic growth. As India integrates into the world economy, there is a need for it to reposition itself as a country. From the domestic-oriented, self-sufficient license raj, it has come a long way to become a globally-oriented economy focusing on those key sectors of the economy where it has a resource advantage over other nations. The objective is to offer better products at lower prices. Exports to the most demanding markets, after all, are the key to success for a globally competitive economy. To achieve this objective, India needs to reengineer itself in the following areas: Industrial policy through ideology-free policy; privatization of public enterprises; incentives for quality; innovation and productivity; employment through growth; intellectual property rights; and environment policy. International trade through convertible currency anchored to dollar; target exports to selective markets; balanced trade with anchor partners; and focus on selective exports based on comparative advantage. Domestic industry through industry consolidation for scale efficiency; globalization of domestic markets; investment in quality and innovation; process reengineering; and reduction in unorganized sector. National infrastructure through upgradation of transport and logistics; information infrastructure capital markets; financial institutions; special economic zones and energy reliability. Of these, domestic infrastructure is the weakest link. The Indian industries must reposition themselves from the diversified domestic corporations to focused global enterprises. To be a global hub, they need quality and reputation and must, therefore invest in design and research, create brand equity, increase productivity, leverage human capital, get access to low cost capital, and organize global supply chain. The author concludes with the following observations: India is destined to become a major economic power in the 21s century. India's future, however, will depend on the geopolitical realignment of nations and the emergence of ‘triad’ markets. Design is a very strong competitive advantage for India. Public enterprises should not be disinvested and should instead be encouraged to go global along with the private enterprises not just through exports but through mergers and acquisitions. The Indian industries must reposition themselves from the diversified domestic corporations to focused global enterprises.

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21

Singhal, L. B. "Evolution and Performance of Indian EPZs/SEZs." Foreign Trade Review 40, no. 3 (October 2005): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515050301.

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A Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is defined as a specially delineated duty free enclave for trade operations. This area is reckoned as a foreign territory for the purpose of duties and tariffs. Movement of goods/services between SEZ and Domestic Tariff Area (DTA) is treated as exports and imports. SEZ units can be set up for export of goods and services including trading. Establishment of EPZs/SEZs is essentially a post World War-II syndrome when import substitution was gradually discarded to adopt export led growth – opened up/free trade policy. Rationale for setting up EPZs/SEZs emanates from natural endowments and other resources of different countries. The developing countries have plenty of cheep labour but they lack in export related infrastructure, technology and even access to their products in overseas markets. The first example of EPZ – Shannon Export Processing Zone – designed to liberalize trade/FDI debuted in Ireland during 1956. First FTZ in India was set up at Kandla in 1965. Then came the establishment of EPZs at SEEPZ (1974), Cochin, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Falta, Noida and Surat. As a part of its Export & Import Policy, the Government of India had announced setting up of SEZs in April 2000. The Government of India has enacted SEZ Act, 2005 in June 2005. At present, 14 SEZs are operating and approvals have been given for establishment of 64 more such enclaves. The paper attempts to throw light on the major issues involving evolution and performance of Indian EPZs/SEZs.

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Bose, Sayoni. "Attachment to place and territoriality in Nandigram land struggle, India." Human Geography 13, no. 2 (July 2020): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1942778620944383.

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The Nandigram peasant struggle against land acquisition for special economic zones (SEZs) in West Bengal, India, in 2006–2007, highlights the importance of attachment to place and territorialization in resistance. Analyzing the Nandigram land struggle, I underscore the importance of place-based attachment. I argue that land is a social relation. The land acquisition was a threat of breakage in that place-based relation, which led to negative perceptions of industrialization. This threat pronounced the existing attachment to place, which led to the spatialization of the muktanchal or liberated zone. I conceptualize the muktanchal as an act of territoriality, where militant peasant identities emerged that facilitated their claim-making. This paper uses content analysis of existing primary data from heterogeneous sources, to illuminate how the peasants strategically created the muktanchal to contest top-down attempts by the state to create a SEZ enclave.

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Kumar Singh, Anoop, and Sumbul Fatima. "ROLE OF HANDICRAFT SECTOR IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UTTAR PRADESH." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i1.2015.3054.

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Handicraft Sector is one of the emerging sectors playing a very important role in the economic development of Uttar Pradesh. The country full of colors has great opportunities in the economic growth and development as each and every one has the capacity as well as the capability to do something creative by his or her inherent talent. India is also known for its great contribution towards exports from the handicraft sector towards the foreign world. The growth potential of U.P. is that it is one of the fastest developing states in India and how handicraft sector possesses opportunities which can help in the economic development of the state and therefore it requires a great amount of support from the government to be fully equipped and developed. Since this sector is labour intensive, it gives a great deal of employment opportunities as well as key to further enhancement of living standard and thus bringing in more positive impact on economic development of the state. In order to boost up the exports of handicrafts from U.P. the government has set up special economic zones. Therefore this paper is an attempt to look into the emerging opportunities for growth through this sector in Uttar Pradesh and what measures could be taken upon so as to tap the untapped growth in the sector.

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Sheetal, Sheetal, Rajiv Kumar, and Shashi Shashi. "Export competitiveness and concentration analysis of major sugar economies with special reference to India." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 10, no. 5 (June 14, 2020): 687–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-07-2019-0096.

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PurposeThis paper seeks to examine the export competitiveness and concentration level of the 15 top sugar exporting countries over the last 18 years (2001–2018) with special reference to India.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the paper utilizes a review based approach and explains the structures of major sugar economies in context to protected and unprotected perspectives. Subsequently, empirical research was carried out to assess the competitiveness level of sugar using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) approach and Hirschman Herfindahl Index.FindingsThe study found structural changes in cane or beet sugar, and molasses over the time period between 2006 and 2015. Further, the findings confirmed that despite the stringent regulations in European Union, the United States of America, Guatemala, Mexico, Thailand, China, and India, the comparative advantage is high up to seven to nine sugar categories. Besides, despite the indulgent regulations in the Colombia, Brazil, and Canada, the comparative advantage is only consistent up to two to three sugar categories.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides an overview of competitiveness patterns of 15 sugar exporting countries and further compare their comparative and concentration levels. In this context, in future, it would be interesting to study the macro-economic and firm and industry-specific factors which may strengthen the study findings.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that the sugar export of few countries (i.e. Mexico and Canada) is restricted up to their trade pacts and free trade zones which is restricting the competitiveness level and performance. Accordingly, such countries need to enlarge their business boundaries to foster their export competitiveness level. Rational subsidies and governmental assistance in diversification schemes in terms of products' range and sustainable processes can make India a consistent exporter in more categories.Originality/valueAlthough, the previous studies attempted to examine the sugar industry with particular country context, this study enlarge the body of knowledge through simultaneously examining the sugar export scenario of fifteen sugar exporting countries and providing a broad comparative view of their competitiveness and concentration levels.

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Cavalcante, Luiz Ricardo. "ZONA FRANCA DE MANAUS: uma revisão sistemática de impactos." InterEspaço: Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade 5, no. 19 (January 20, 2020): 202001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2446-6549.e202001.

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MANAUS FREE TRADE ZONE: a systematic review of impactsZONA FRANCA DE MANAOS: una revisión sistemática de impactosRESUMOEmbora criada há mais de meio século, a Zona Franca de Manaus (ZFM) tem sido objeto de um número relativamente escasso de análises de seus impactos econômicos e sociais. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma revisão sistemática das principais estatísticas e dos principais resultados de trabalhos selecionados sobre o tema. Buscou-se identificar trabalhos que ultrapassam a descrição da evolução das variáveis por meio, por exemplo, do uso de contrafactuais, regressões econométricas ou modelos de equilíbrio geral. A análise é precedida por uma breve revisão da literatura sobre zonas econômicas especiais (ZEE). Os resultados indicam que i) a ZFM tem impactos positivos nos níveis de renda e de bem-estar em Manaus, ainda que essa conclusão não seja unânime; ii) não há evidências conclusivas de que a ZFM contribui para a preservação ambiental da Amazônia; iii) os gastos tributários da União dirigidos à ZFM são estimados em R$ 28,7 bilhões (mais de R$ 380 mil por emprego direto gerado); e iv) embora o foco das ZEE recaia, de modo geral, sobre as exportações, o caso da ZFM é, em grande medida, singular em razão de seu foco no mercado interno. A ZFM é, portanto, do ponto de vista legal e do ponto de vista prático, essencialmente uma política de desenvolvimento regional (e não uma política de incentivo às exportações) e as análises sobre o tema devem amparar-se nessa premissa.Palavras-chave: Zona Franca de Manaus; Zonas Econômicas Especiais; Impactos; Gastos Tributários; Políticas de Desenvolvimento Regional.ABSTRACTAlthough created more than half a century ago, the Manaus Free Trade Zone (MFTZ) has been subject of a relatively reduced number of analysis of its economic and social impacts. The aim of this work is to present a systematic review of the man statistics and of the main results of a number of selected works about this subject. We sought to identify studies that go beyond the description of the evolution of variables through, for example, the use of counterfactuals, econometric regressions or general equilibrium models. The analysis is preceded by a brief review of the literature on special economic zones (SEZ). The results indicate that i) the MFTZ has positive impacts on the levels of income and well-being in Manaus, although this conclusion is not unanimous; ii) there is no conclusive evidence that the ZFM contributes to the environmental preservation of the Amazon; iii) federal tax expenditures directed to the ZFM are estimated in R$ 28.7 billion (more than R$ 380 thousand for direct employment generated); and iv) although the focus of SEZ falls, in general, on exports, the case of MFTZ is largely unique due to its focus on the domestic market. The MFTZ is, therefore, both legally and in practice, essentially a regional development policy (and not an export incentive policy) and the analyzes on the subject must be based on this assumption.Keywords: Manaus Free Trade Zone; Special Economic Zones; Impacts; Tax Expenditures; Regional Development Policies.RESUMENAunque creada hace más de medio siglo, la Zona Franca de Manaos (ZFM) ha sido objeto de relativamente pocos análisis de sus impactos económicos y sociales. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una revisión sistemática de las principales estadísticas y de los principales resultados de trabajos seleccionados sobre el tema. Buscamos identificar trabajos que van más allá de la descripción de la evolución de las variables mediante, por ejemplo, el uso de contrafácticos, regresiones econométricas o modelos de equilibrio general. Además, presentamos una breve revisión de la literatura sobre las zonas económicas especiales (ZEE). Los resultados indican que i) la ZFM tiene impactos positivos en los niveles de ingresos y bienestar en Manaos, aunque esta conclusión no es unánime; ii) no hay evidencia concluyente de que la ZFM contribuya a la preservación ambiental de la Amazonía; iii) los gastos federales de impuestos dirigidos a la ZFM se estiman en BRL 28,7 mil millones (más de BRL 380 mil por empleo directo generado); y iv) aunque el enfoque de las ZEE recae, en general, en las exportaciones, el caso de la ZFM es en gran medida único debido a su enfoque en el mercado interno. La ZFM es, por lo tanto, desde un punto de vista legal y desde un punto de vista práctico, esencialmente una política de desarrollo regional (y no una política de incentivos a la exportación) y los análisis sobre el tema deben basarse en esta premisa.Palabras clave: Zona Franca de Manaos; Zonas Económicas Especiales; Impactos; Gastos de Impuestos; Políticas de Desarrollo Regional.

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Moberg, Lotta, and Sebastian Reil. "Refugee special economic zones." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 7, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 290–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-d-18-00030.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show how special economic zones (SEZs) can be applied to refugee camps. Zones are powerful tools for investors to act like institutional entrepreneurs, who promote institutional reform by pursuing exemptions from government constraints and taxes or by advocating for reform. Refugee SEZs (R-SEZs) would similarly allow for institutional entrepreneurs to promote broader immigration reform. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply a political economy framework to R-SEZs that explores the factors that make them feasible. A mathematical model is applied to explicitly define the conditions under which the zones could succeed in benefiting refugees, investors and the host economy alike. Findings Under certain conditions, appropriate tax rates can be applied to R-SEZs that make them feasible. Feasibility is determined by being beneficial for the host country while also attracting investors. The zones are feasible if they attract enough foreign investors as opposed to domestic investors. Other factors contributing to zone success are higher wages outside the zone, lower wages inside it, higher cost to the government of non-employed refugees, lower relocation cost for businesses and a higher tax rate outside the zone. Practical implications This policy would aim to provide job opportunities to refugees, profit opportunities to investors and lower net costs for the host government. R-SEZs should be considered by policy makers in countries hosting refugee camps. Just like the old model of SEZs, they can benefit workers while also enhancing the government’s budget. Social implications R-SEZs have the potential to alleviate the refugee crisis the world is facing, which is arguably one of the largest social challenges of our time. Originality/value This paper is the first to outline the political economy conditions for SEZs applied to refugee camps.

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Warr, Peter, and Jayant E Hutchinson. "Cambodia's Special Economic Zones." Southeast Asian Economies 33, no. 3 (December 30, 2016): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/ae33-3a.

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Chung-Tong, Wu. "China’s Special Economic Zones." Asian Journal of Public Administration 7, no. 2 (December 1985): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02598272.1985.10800162.

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Chu, David K. W. "China’s Special Economic Zones." Asian Affairs: An American Review 14, no. 2 (June 1987): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927678.1987.10553641.

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Martellaro, Joseph A., and Helen Baohua Sun. "The Special Economic Zones." China Report 23, no. 1 (February 1987): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000944558702300104.

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Augustyński, Iwo. "ILLUSIONS OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES." Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, no. 466 (2017): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/pn.2017.466.01.

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Kaneko, Hiroshi. "Special Economic Zones in Poland." Bulletin of the Japan Association for Comparative Economic Studies 42, no. 2 (2005): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5760/jjce2002.42.2_13.

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Fang, Sheng. "Special economic zones in China." Journal of East and West Studies 23, no. 2 (November 1994): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12265089408422840.

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Jenkins, Rob, Loraine Kennedy, Partha Mukhopadhyay, and Kanhu C. Pradhan. "Special Economic Zones in India." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 6, no. 1 (March 2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425315585426.

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Yeung, Yue-man, Joanna Lee, and Gordon Kee. "China's Special Economic Zones at 30." Eurasian Geography and Economics 50, no. 2 (March 2009): 222–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/1539-7216.50.2.222.

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Frumina, S. V. "Special economic zones: Theoretical treatment. Introduction." Finance and Credit 25, no. 1 (January 29, 2019): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.25.1.39.

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Kuznetsova, Olga. "Special Economic Zones: Efficient or Not?" Spatial Economics 4, no. 48 (2016): 129–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2016.4.129-152.

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Dr. A. Elangovan, Dr A. Elangovan, and S. K. P. Palanisamy S. K. P. Palanisamy. "Performance Evaluation of Special Economic Zones." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 10 (October 1, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/oct2013/23.

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Rogozhin, A. A. "Special Economic Zones in Southeast Asia." South East Asia: Actual problems of Development, no. 1(46) (2020): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2020-1-1-46-069-078.

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The article discusses the current state and prospects for development of special economic zones (SEZ) in Southeast Asia. There is an increasing variety of forms of financing the creation and functioning of the SEZ. The role of the SEZ in the development of integration processes in Southeast Asia and the formation of regional value chains, as well as stimulating the exchange of resources, is traced. The author believes that this process is developing most intensively in the border areas of neighboring states on the Indochina Peninsula. According to the author, the Greater Mekong subregion plays a special role in the formation of such chains.

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Moberg, Lotta, and Vlad Tarko. "Special economic zones and liberalization avalanches." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 10, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 120–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-01-2021-0008.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to show under what conditions a special economic zone will succeed at spurring development and at sparking broader liberalization.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a combination of formal modeling and case studies.FindingsMost special economic zones fail because of rent-seeking. Successful zones create positive economic and political externalities to other regions. Credible reforms are associated with turning the opposition to the zones into supporters, as a consequence to the positive externalities.Originality/valueThe authors add heterogeneity to the model of political elite dynamics, which leads to significant enhancements of the model and removes the pro-centralization bias of the Blanchard and Shleifer's (2001) model. They also criticize Weingast's federalism model as applied to China. Success of China is explained by a different mechanism, which we put forth in this paper.

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Crane, George T. "`Special Things in Special Ways': National Economic Identity and China's Special Economic Zones." Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 32 (July 1994): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2949828.

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Murthy K, Vishnu, Ashok Kumar L, and Dhayaneswaran Y. "A Study of Inverter Drives and Its Ride Through Capabilities in Industrial Applications." Electronics ETF 22, no. 1 (August 27, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/els1822005v.

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In modern industry, majority of the mechanical elements are driven by either induction motors or special motors like servo motors, synchronous motors, BLDC motors. In order to drive the motors and to vary the speed of the motors, electronics drives are required. Since the drives are powered with three phase AC, if the power grid has power quality issue, which directly reflects on to the power electronics drives. As per Indian grid standards, power quality is defined as harmonics, surge, sag, swell, which was formulated in the year of 2003 and further revision was done in 2010. But in the recent day’s majority of the industries are constructed in same place (special economic zone), unpredicted industrial loads are increased and inserted in to existing running load, so eventually the power quality definition also changes and even sometimes connections are made as temporary for certain loads. Although these motors typically tolerate variations in utilization voltage, power quality professionals continue to spend a great deal of time answering questions about proper utilization voltage for a given motor. The voltage quality factors that create the most serious problems and confusion in the field include nominal utilization voltage that does not match the motor nameplate, proper voltage sag ride-through protection for the motor control circuitry, and phase-to-phase voltage imbalance. In review article, modern industry premises failure of components list and condition of power quality will be surveyed in various segments. Various failure of inverter drives namely, switching failure, commutation failure, common mode voltage problem, bearing current issues, harmonics etc., are discussed in details from various research article and presented in this review.

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Chen, Xiangming, Lan Wang, and Ratoola Kundu. "Localizing the Production of Global Cities: A Comparison of New Town Developments around Shanghai and Kolkata." City & Community 8, no. 4 (December 2009): 433–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2009.01301.x.

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This article investigates the role played by the state in the production and management of urban space vis–à–vis global agents of change. the proliferation of new towns and special economic zones as urban restructuring strategies in rapidly developing countries like China and India are receiving much attention from the scholarly community, documenting and interrogating urban transitions from centralized planning to more participatory and often privatized modes of decentralized planning. This article seeks to tease out the kinds of relationships between the state and other urban development actors it entails, ranging from conflict to collaboration, from protest to partnerships, and from contestation to collaboration. in the Shanghai Metropolitan context, we focus on Anting New Town and Songjiang New City as two cases for understanding the relative power of the municipal government, global capital, professional planning, and the limited influence of local residents in the process and outcome of large–scale suburban development. as a comparison, we focus on the West Bengal State government's role in the development of two new townships (Rajarhat New Town and the Kolkata West International City) on the fringes of the existing core city of Kolkata (Calcutta), India. Drawing on a number of secondary sources such as development plans, newspaper articles, field–based observations, and informal discussions and interviews with official town planners, architects, and private planners, our goal is to compare and contrast the two strategies foregrounding the practices and the relationship of the state to the forces of privatization and globalization, to local grassroots actors and the precarious as well as multifarious ways in which it seeks to constantly negotiate with the dynamics of development. It seeks to answer: what kind of challenges does the state face in reorganizing the urban? Who are the other actors involved in the negotiations and exclusions, contestations, and collaborations? What are the new sociospatial, economic, and political boundaries and contents of the spaces produced?

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M. Rocela, DPA, Michele. "INTEGRATION OF THE SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES IN THE LOCAL ECONOMY:THE CASE OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES IN CAVITEPROVINCE." PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (May 30, 2017): 328–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2015.s11.328342.

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Chaisse, Julien, and Georgios Dimitropoulos. "Special Economic Zones in International Economic Law: Towards Unilateral Economic Law." Journal of International Economic Law 24, no. 2 (May 18, 2021): 229–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgab025.

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ABSTRACT The international economic regime has entered a new phase of reassertion of sovereignty by States. While States continue to show respect for the values of international (economic) law, the institutionalization of these values has devolved from the international (to the regional) to the domestic level of governance. A new form of ‘unilateral economic law’ is thus gaining importance in the development of international and domestic laws and institutions. However, it remains largely understudied. This article discusses the development and proliferation as well as the importance of special economic zones as a new form of unilateral economic law in the overall system of international economic law. This article identifies four types of economic unilateralism: classical unilateralism, embedded unilateralism, sustainability unilateralism, and national security unilateralism. The new special economic zone unilateralism represents a middle ground between the two extremes of unilateral liberalization and aggressive unilateralism. Accordingly, special economic zone unilateralism introduces a new layer in the overall system of international economic law. First, special economic zones embody a new compromise between the State and the market. The State-controlled promotion of trade and investment taking place through special economic zones represents a complex compromise between the liberalization and protection of economic sovereignty. Second, the spatiality of trade and investment promotion through special economic zones is different from that of international economic law. The liberalization of trade and investment does not take place for the whole country but for an isolated jurisdiction within the broader national jurisdiction, while the focus is on the supply side rather than the traditional input factors of production. Overall, the new special economic zone unilateralism provides insights into the future of international economic law as envisaged by States. Special economic zones have been employed by States both as an alternative and as a complement to trade and investment promotion through the instruments of international economic law.

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Choi, Eui-Hyun. "Rethinking the Economic Performance of Chinese Special Economic Zones." East Asian Economic Review 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2004): 291–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.11644/kiep.jeai.2004.8.2.131.

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Pastusiak, Radosław, Monika Bolek, Magdalena Jasiniak, and Jakub Keller. "Effectiveness of special economic zones of Poland." Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci: časopis za ekonomsku teoriju i praksu/Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics: Journal of Economics and Business 36, no. 1 (June 27, 2018): 263–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18045/zbefri.2018.1.263.

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Bost, François. "Special economic zones: methodological issues and definition." Transnational Corporations 26, no. 2 (September 19, 2019): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/948d2781-en.

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Krech, Robert. "From Civil War to Special Economic Zones." Development Outreach 11, no. 2 (October 2009): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1020-797x_11_2_23.

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Gwosdz, Krzysztof, Woyciech Jarczewski, Maciej Huculak, and Krzysztof Wiederman. "Polish Special Economic Zones: Idea versus Practice." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 26, no. 4 (January 2008): 824–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0209p.

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