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Journal articles on the topic 'Indian temples. Temple architecture'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 17 July 2025

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1

Md., Sadequzzaman, Sabikunnahar, Ali Hossain Md., Rakib Abdur, and Akhter Marzia. "Aranyapur Pancharatna Temple: A Study of its Archaeological and Historical Significance in Cumilla, Bangladesh." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 07, no. 08 (2024): 6082–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13368766.

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Ratna style temple architecture flourished in the Bengal Delta from the mid-17th century to the 19th century. Although there is a clear distinction between the Ratna style temples and the ancient Bengal temples built in the North Indian Nagara and South Indian Dravidian styles, a careful analysis of the architectural structure of the Ratna temples reveals influences from both North and South Indian temple architecture. The incorporation of Indo-Islamic architectural features into Ratna temples, as seen in other contemporary structures like mosques, palaces, and forts, has given this style its

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Dr, S. Radhakrishnan. "Temple architecture: Classification and characteristics." Kiraṇāvalī XIV, no. 3&4, JULY- DECEMBER 2022 (2022): 173–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7901007.

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Hindu temples are inexhaustible mines of Indian culture and tradition. They are not merely community prayer rooms or seats of deities. Rather, they are spiritual sources and primary carriers of Indian culture. It is clear from Itihasa and Mahapurana references that the system of temple worship existed in ancient times. The Rameswara Pratishtha of Sri Rama and the temple darshan of Rukmini Swayamvara indicate the same. In India, there are many architectural forms for devalaya. Vastuvidya classified the temples geographically. Every architectural style has its own uniqueness and methodology. Vas

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Kumar, Dr Arvind, and Meera Iyer. "DIVINE DESIGN: HOW GEOMETRY AND MATHEMATICS SHAPED INDIA’S TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE." International Journal of Research in Engineering 2, no. 5 (2022): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.55640/ijre-02-05-01.

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The architectural marvels of Indian temples, particularly from the classical period, exhibit a remarkable integration of mathematics and geometry. This article explores the significance of these mathematical and geometric principles in the formation and design of temples in India during its golden era of evolution. It examines the role of sacred geometry, proportions, symmetry, and astronomical alignments in the construction of iconic temples such as the Brihadeeswarar Temple, Kandariya Mahadev Temple, and Sun Temple at Konark. The application of Vastu Shastra and the use of advanced mathemati

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Pardeshi, Prof. Raju Chatarsing. "Classical Art Forms and Culture through Temple Architecture." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 6, no. 1 (2025): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14637895.

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<strong>Abstract: </strong> Temple architecture in India has always been a manifestation of the country’s rich cultural and artistic heritage. As sanctuaries of both religious practices and classical art forms, temples have played a pivotal role in preserving the visual and performing arts. This article delves into the intricate relationship between classical art forms and temple architecture, highlighting how architectural elements reflect the culture of the time. By examining the evolution of temple design, sculpture, painting, dance, and music associated with temples, we explore how t

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Mahajan, Pratiksha, and Ar Ajinkya Malokar. "Divine Craftsmanship: Understanding the Intersection of Science, Art and Religion in Indian Temple Construction." International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering and Management 11, no. 3 (2024): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/ijirem.2024.11.3.3.

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Basic Every architectural style expresses a fundamental idea that is unique to a certain culture and time period. In this sense, the architecture of Indian Hindu temples represents the values of science, art, architecture, and culture in addition to serving as the home and site of devotion for God. Temple customs and practices have persisted throughout history and into the present, having a significant impact on the social and cultural life of the populace and upholding ancient Indian values. Hindu temple architecture has been significantly influenced by Hinduism and philosophy over the ongoin

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Anil, Ar Seema. "Emerging Architectural Paradigms in South Indian Temples: A Chronological Analysis." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 12 (2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem27853.

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This research delves into the intricate evolution of Indian temple architecture, spanning centuries of cultural and religious transformations. Originating in the Vedic/Aryan civilization, worship centered on natural elements with a simple square altar. A pivotal shift occurred with the introduction of idol worship, marking the genesis of temple architecture evolution. Initially, rock-cut structures featured a garbagriha and semi-open portico, retaining the windowless garbagriha from rock-cut temples. The Chalukya era saw experimentation, notably at Durga in Aihole and Pattadakal, earning the l

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Meiliani Surya, Ruth, and Harastoeti Dibyo Hartono. "THE RELATION OF MAJAPAHIT TEMPLES WITH VASUSASTRA-MANASARA." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 5, no. 04 (2021): 384–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v5i04.5301.384-401.

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Abstract- Vastusastra is a text which discusses Indian architecture which is published in several books, included Manasara. Vastusastra contains guidline for building Indian construction, including religious building such as temples. Although the narrative was made for the construction of temples in India, it turns out that there are some elements in vastu that also found in Mataram Kuno temples. This raises questions about the relationship of Indian architecture with Majapahit, which was the era after Ancient Mataram, given the Hindu-Buddhist influence still existed in the Majapahit era. To f

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Tiwari, Santosh, and Meghna Vij. "Adaption of Neo-Vernacular Architecture in Contemporary Temples in India: Insights from Selected Case Studies." International Society for the Study of Vernacular Settlements 11, no. 8 (2024): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.61275//isvsej-2024-11-08-01.

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India has a rich cultural diversity, and often faces challenges in the preservation of these cultural traits manifested in traditional architectural values. In fact, it has undergone tremendous changes in its buildings over the years due to modernization which has impacted its architectural landscape. In this context, there is a need for a dynamic response to balance the traditions with innovations and modernity. The call for an architectural style that would minimize environmental impact while honoring local traditions require the development of new concepts. Such concepts also need to meet s

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Tiwari, Santosh, and Meghna Vij. "Adaption of Neo-Vernacular Architecture in Contemporary Temples in India: Insights from Selected Case Studies." International Society for the Study of Vernacular Settlements 11, no. 8 (2024): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.61275/isvsej-2024-11-08-01.

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India has a rich cultural diversity, and often faces challenges in the preservation of these cultural traits manifested in traditional architectural values. In fact, it has undergone tremendous changes in its buildings over the years due to modernization which has impacted its architectural landscape. In this context, there is a need for a dynamic response to balance the traditions with innovations and modernity. The call for an architectural style that would minimize environmental impact while honoring local traditions require the development of new concepts. Such concepts also need to meet s

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Sarkar, Amitava, and Jyothis Panicker M. "PASSIVE DESIGNS AND THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE TEMPLES IN THE WARM-HUMID CLIMATIC ZONE OF SOUTH INDIA." ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 5, no. 1 (2024): 2361–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i1.2024.2374.

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Religious beliefs, traditional wisdoms, rituals, and cultural practices all play an important part in environmental and biodiversity protection. Conservation of environment and natural resources has long been an element of cultural ethics that can be observed in the vernacular architecture of India, practiced in different parts of the country. The Indian Temple architecture is a manifestation of these socio-cultural-environmental values which are conceptualized and constructed in unique ways integrating passive features which keeps on educating and inspiring generations after generations. Thes

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Panicker, Jyothis, Amitava Sarkar, and M. "Passive Design Strategies and Thermal Performance of Vernacular Temples in the Warm-Humid Climatic Zone of South India." ISVS e-journal 11, no. 10 (2024): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.61275/isvsej-2024-11-10-01.

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Religious beliefs, traditional wisdom, rituals, and cultural practices all play an important part in the protection of biodiversity and the environment. In fact, vernacular architecture of India has long demonstrated cultural ethics that contribute to the conservation of environment and the natural resources. The Indian Temple architecture is noteworthy and is a manifestation of these socio-cultural-environmental values, conceptualized and constructed in unique ways integrating passive features which keeps on educating and inspiring generations after generations. These timeless temples through

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Clarissa ; Rahadhian P. Herwindo, Clarissa. "APPLICATION OF MAHAYANA AND VAJRAYANA CONCEPT, AND MANASARA BOOK ON MATARAM SAILENDRA BUDDHIST TEMPLE IN TERMS OF FIGURE, ORNAMENT, MASS AND SPATIAL ORDER." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 5, no. 01 (2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v5i01.4414.1-17.

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Abstract- Classical Indian architectural principles and traditions has been collected and preserved in a vast body of literature collectively known as the Vāstuśāstra. This branch of classical Indian knowledge is a realization of Hindu ideals in terms of architectural ediﬁce, which signiﬁcantly inﬂuence the religious architecture of the Indian cultural sphere which extends to the medieval Island of Java. Indian influence can be seen in Hindu temples of Java during the Śailendra’s dynasty even though some of it’s architectural elements can’t be found in vāstuśāstra. However, in contrast of Hind

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முனைவர், செ. ஜகந்நாத் /. Dr. S. Jagannath. "மதுரை மாநகரக் குடைவரைகள் / Madurai Rock Temples". பாண்டியன் கோவில் கலைகள் தமிழ் ஆய்விதழ் / Pandian Tamil Journal of Temple Studies 3, № 2 (2023): 97–106. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7954572.

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<em>Rock Temples are unique among Indian temple architecture. Unlike other temples, they are made entirely out of rocks other than brick, wood, metal or lime. This is considered to be its special feature. Many Rock Cut Temples are found all over India. Hundreds of Rock Cut Temples are found in the Tamil region in particular. Early Pandyas who were one among the prominent rulers of south Tamilnadu, made great contributions to this type of temple architecture and they carved many Rock Cut Temples. This article is going to explore the historical importance and special features of Rock Cut Temples

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Meister, Michael W. "Mountain Temples and Temple-Mountains: Masrur." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 65, no. 1 (2006): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25068237.

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In the first half of the eighth century, Indian craftsmen cut back a high ridge of sandstone, its back to the Beās River and the plains beyond, and carved a grand temple-complex facing northeast toward the Dhauladhar range, the first outcropping of the great Himalayan Mountains. Never completed, and damaged by successive earthquakes that sheered the stone and folded parts of the complex back into the hill, the temple at Masrur-in the modern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh-seems today half returned to its primordial condition. Its ground plan, partial section, and a roof plan, drawn by an unid

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Rodriques ; Rahadhian P. Herwindo, Laurentius Nicholas. "COMPARISON OF FORMS AND TECTONICS OF OLD CLASSICAL ERA HINDU TEMPLE IN JAVA WITH HINDU TEMPLES OF PALLAVA ERA IN SOUTH INDIA." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 4, no. 03 (2020): 306–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v4i03.3934.306-323.

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Abstract- Hindu temples in Java and Hindu temples in South India, often receive attention in the world of architecture due to the similarity of the Dravidian Architecture style of the temple in both places. The similarities are marked by the shape of a layered pyramid roof, yet it is not exactly similar if we observe all the architecture features and elements. The author tries to simplify the comparison of form and tectonics as seen from the general tectonic division of a building which are the feet, body and head. From the findings, it can be concluded that there are similarities in the 'basi

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Sinha, Ajay J. "Architectural Invention in Sacred Structures: The Case of Vesara Temples of Southern India." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 55, no. 4 (1996): 382–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991180.

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The article explores the nature of architectural invention in Indian sacred structures by analyzing a group of eleventh-century sandstone temples in the Karnataka region of southern India. Identifying a variety of experiments in a closely related group, it refutes a commonly held scholarly assumption that Indian temples follow architectural norms ordained by India's religious traditions-an assumption fed by Western definitions of individuality and originality. These Karnataka temples demonstrate that their architects-while mostly unknown-fundamentally changed the formal as well as the conceptu

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Binumol Tom. "The Physicality and Spirituality of the Hindu Temples of Kerala." Creative Space 1, no. 2 (2014): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2014.12004.

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Every culture can stir a type of architecture that can range from landmarks to everyday homes. History has proved that the various architectural styles have developed in response to climate, lifestyle, geology and geography of a place, religious philosophy of the people and availability of building materials. Religion and lifestyle seem to be the most common influences overall. Culture, in fact, underlines the important role that economics, politics, religion, heritage and the natural environment play in shaping the built environment. Kerala (the southern-most state of India), the land of temp

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Mr., Nikethan T. C., and Naveen Bhat Dr. "SURASUNDARIS IN TEMPLE ART: THE ETERNAL CHARM OF GRACE AND DEVOTION." INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH JOURNAL - IERJ 10, no. 12 (2024): 222–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15598217.

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Indian temple architecture stands as a monumental testimony to spiritual and artistic prowess, where every carving and motif weaves a tale of cultural richness, religious depth, and aesthetic finesse. Among the myriad elements that adorn temple sculpture, the <strong>Surasundaris</strong>, or celestial nymphs, hold a unique and profound place. These divine figures, celebrated for their ethereal beauty and grace, transcend mere ornamentation, offering deep symbolic insights into the spiritual and philosophical ideals of the time. Found in temples across India—from Khajuraho to the Bh

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Perdana, Aditya Bayu, and Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan. "Vāstu Order as an Alternative Concept for Analysing Javanese Temple Architecture | Tatanan Vāstu sebagai Konsep Alternatif untuk Menelaah Arsitektur Candi Jawa." SPAFA Journal 6 (May 2, 2022): q790t38g6i. http://dx.doi.org/10.26721/spafajournal.q790t38g6i.

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This paper focuses on the architectural order of ancient Javanese temples. Contemporary writings often use a tripartite order to conceptualize Javanese temple architecture, which divide the ediﬁce into three parts consisting of head, body, and feet. However, the overgeneralized nature of the order does not accurately represent the complexities of Javanese temples which contain diverse architectural elements. This has made discussion of Javanese temple architectural traits somewhat limited and undetailed. Further, the textual basis of this order is questionable. The concept has not been found i

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Perdana ; Rahadhian P. Herwindo, Aditya Bayu. "STUDY ON ARCHITECTURAL RELATION OF ANCIENT MATARAM HINDU CANDI AND VĀSTUŚĀSTRA." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 4, no. 03 (2020): 234–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v4i03.3930.234-251.

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Abstract - Classical Indian architectural principles and tradition has been collected and preserved in a vast body of literature collectively known as the Vāstuśāstra. This branch of classical Indian knowledge is a realization of Hindu ideals in terms of architectural edifice, which significantly influence the religious architecture of the Indian cultural sphere which extends to the medieval Island of Java. Even though Indian influences are recognizable in the design of Javanese Hindu candis from the Ancient Mataram era, to what extend the Indian vāstuśāstra was followed is less obvious, for t

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Sharma, Krishnakant, and Anchal. "Historical survey of temples of Modinagar." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 6, no. 12 (2021): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2021.v06.i12.021.

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Modinagar, situated on the Delhi-Meerut Road, is an important city in the Ghaziabad district of western Uttar Pradesh. Which was established in October 1933. But earlier this city was known as Begumabad. Apart from being an ancient city, Modinagar itself boasts of many historical heritages, in which historically temples have an important place. All these temples represent the Nagara style of North Indian architecture. While surveying the temples in Modinagar area, it was found that some temples built by Marathas are also located here, in which Shiv Bada Temple, Sanatan Dharma Mandir and Shiv M

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Buckee, Fiona. "The Curious Case of the Octagonal Temple." Archives of Asian Art 70, no. 2 (2020): 173–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00666637-8620366.

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Abstract The Muṇḍeśvarī temple near Bhabuā in southwest Bihar is an octagonal, sandstone monument without a spire. Scholars have dated the temple to the first half of the seventh century, primarily on account of early inscriptions from the site and the style of the door frames. Few monuments survive from this nascent stage of structural North Indian temple architecture, and the Muṇḍeśvarī temple is intriguing because it is an anomaly in terms of its size, composition, and the shape of its plan. This study argues that the Muṇḍeśvarī temple has been misdated, and presents a systematic architectu

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Rinku, Parashar*1 Dr Abir Bandyopadhyay2. "IN SEARCH OF THE HIDDEN PLANNING GRID OF TRI-RATHA TEMPLES OF ODISHA." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 12 (2017): 145–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1088338.

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The architecture of India is rooted in its history, culture and religion. Indian temples represent one of the great architectural traditions of the world. The first Hindu temples were built from rock cut caves which were later converted into the free standing structures at the advent of Gupta architecture around 4th & 5th century. Out of the different typology of temples found in India, Kalingan style of temple architecture can be observed in Odisha. The temples found here, shows a homogeneous characteristics with a continuity, from (6th to 16th century A

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R., Vennila, and A. Srinivasan Dr. "THE CHOLA ARCHITECTURE: A DRAVIDAN STYLE GLEAND FROM KAILASANATHA TEMPLE AT SEMBIANMAHADEVI." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Arts and Humanities 2, no. 2 (2017): 121–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1037381.

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Architecture plays a significant role in the socio economic, and cultural life of any society. It helps us trace the historical changes and the reciprocal influence between different socio cultural units. In this context, the temples of medieval Tamil Nadu deserve special consideration because the interrelationship of the styles of their constructing and the changes introduced by the various ruling dynasties of the Tamil country in the growth and development the temple art and architecture in that region. Temple architecture in Tamil Nadu is largely indebted to the patronage of the Tamil kings

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Rahul, Mehta. "Art and Architectural study of Swaminarayan Akshardham Temple." International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies 4, no. 3 (2022): 121–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6649275.

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India has always been known as the great land of art, culture, and spirituality. It’s truly said that a nation is celebrated in terms of its art. The art and culture of a nation show its core entity as a character that has been responsible for shaping the succeeding ages and generations. Around the world,  the Indian art tradition is one of the oldest living art traditions.  Since ancient times temples have served as the source for flourishing and sustaining the culture and heritage of India. The magnificence and extravagant elaborateness of the Indian temples reflect the splen

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Ansari, Sarah. "Editor's Foreword." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 22, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186312000090.

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We are delighted to publish this collection of articles on the world of the Paramāra dynasty, edited by Dr Michael Willis FRAS of the British Museum. Between 2006–10 Dr Willis led an Arts and Humanities Research Council-funded project in collaboration with the Department of History at SOAS and the Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff, entitled ‘The Indian Temple: Production, Place and Patronage’. This project examined how Indian temples were designed, built and patronised and explored the social and economic role played by temples in medieval India. The project formed the backdrop for the art

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Ar., Minakshi Rajput Singh. "PROPORTIONS IN ARCHITECTURE." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 6, no. 3 (2018): 126–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1211050.

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The uniqueness of His creation is reflected in different fields of life by the great masters throughout the ages that have born with the formation of the universe, from the big bang, till times still to come. Special ratio that can be used to describe the proportions of everything from nature’s smallest building blocks, such as atoms, to the most advanced patterns in the universe, such as unimaginably large celestial bodies. One of the key evidences presented for creation is the recurring appearance of the Divine proportion, or golden section, throughout the design of the human body and

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Rajput Singh, Minakshi. "PROPORTIONS IN ARCHITECTURE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 3 (2018): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i3.2018.1505.

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The uniqueness of His creation is reflected in different fields of life by the great masters throughout the ages that have born with the formation of the universe, from the big bang, till times still to come. Special ratio that can be used to describe the proportions of everything from nature’s smallest building blocks, such as atoms, to the most advanced patterns in the universe, such as unimaginably large celestial bodies. One of the key evidences presented for creation is the recurring appearance of the Divine proportion, or golden section, throughout the design of the human body and

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Thirupurasundari, Dasarada Rajagopalan, Annadurai Hemlathadhevi, Amit Kumar Gupta, Ruchi Rani Garg, and Mangal Sain. "Temple Recommendation Engine for Route Planning Based on TPS Clustering CNN Method." Electronics 11, no. 16 (2022): 2630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11162630.

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There are no restrictions on religious or cultural practices in India. India’s temples are becoming an ideal platform for Hindu groups to express their ideals in a global context. For the sake of devotees, temples now require widespread accessibility and participation by a wide range of individuals on major holidays. A pilgrim may be unable to determine which site to visit, or where to stay, due to a variety of considerations such as cost, location, and the interests of each individual user. A user’s preferences are taken into consideration when a personalized recommendation list is generated.

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Branfoot, Crispin. "Architectural knowledge and the ‘Dravidian’ temple in colonial Madras Presidency." Architectural Research Quarterly 26, no. 1 (2022): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135522000343.

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In around 1912 Gabriel Jouveau-Dubreuil, a young science teacher from French colonial Pondicherry in South India, visited the nearby town of Cuddalore in order to inspect the construction of a new Hindu temple. Since arriving in South India in 1909 he had been travelling to many temples and archaeological sites in order to understand the history of South Indian art. The modern temple that he visited in a suburb of Cuddalore at Tiruppappuliyur was not in fact new but a wholesale renovation of a nine-hundred-year-old shrine on a site sacred to Tamil Shaivas. This was just one of the many temples

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Sivaramakarishnan, JR. "Devikottai in History." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 6, no. 3 (2022): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v6i3.4635.

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Tamil Nadu has been known for its unique art and architecture since the Sangam era. The temples, palaces and other structures found here help to understand the architectural techniques of the Tamils. The Indian architectural tradition in general can be divided into two types. One is biologically related palaces, mansions, halls, shops, constructions in cities, residential complexes located in rural areas. The other is the temples associated with worship. In this context where temple-based studies have been carried out extensively in Tamil Nadu since the European period, it is not uncommon for

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Hardy, Adam. "Tradition and Transformation: Continuity and Ingenuity in the Temples of Karnataka." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 60, no. 2 (2001): 180–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991703.

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A continuous tradition of Drāviḍa (south Indian) temple architecture flourished in Karnataka, southwest India, between the seventh and thirteenth centuries. This article focuses on the eleventh-century temples, arguing that the later forms can only be understood in relation to the constantly developing tradition, looked at as a whole. A formal analysis is put forward, based primarily on the evidence of the monuments themselves. From the monuments, an appropriate way of seeing can be deduced, allowing an understanding of both individual temple compositions and of the way in which the forms evol

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Hardy, Adam. "Hindu Temples and the Emanating Cosmos." Religion and the Arts 20, no. 1-2 (2016): 112–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685292-02001006.

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A recurrent idea in Indian philosophical, theological, and mythological systems is that of a universe manifested through a sequence of emanations. Diverse traditions of doctrine and practice share this vision of the progression from the one to the many. Temple designs often embody the same pattern. Within the diverse traditions of Indian temple architecture, an emanatory scheme is observable both in the formal structure of individual temple designs, which express a dynamic sequence of emergence and growth, and in the way in which temple forms develop throughout the course of such traditions. T

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Rajshree Ranawat. "Unlocking the Wisdom: Temples and Shrines as Catalysts for Consciousness." Creative Saplings 2, no. 11 (2023): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.56062/gtrs.2023.2.08.650.

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The present work examines the importance of Indian temples and shrines as a means to shape consciousness and perceive profound wisdom. The paper addresses the history, the symbolism, and the architecture of the structures, with a focus on their influence on spiritual and philosophical aspects. The research questions include but are not limited to the following: how do the temples and shrines influence cognitive abilities and consciousness? What is the significance, in terms of symbolism and architecture, of the structures mentioned above? What are the ways in which the rituals and ceremonies p

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முனைவர், பொ. கோகிலா /. Dr. P. Kokila. "வக்கம்பட்டி ஆலம்பாக்கம் ஸ்ரீ செல்லியம்மன் கோவில் ஓர் ஆய்வு / A Study of Vakkampatti Alambakkam Sri Chelliyamman Temple". பாண்டியன் கோவில் கலைகள் தமிழ் ஆய்விதழ் / Pandian Tamil Journal of Temple Studies 3, № 2 (2023): 22–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7954493.

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<em>Our world is filled with divine power. Tamil Nadu has various temples. There is no doubt that Tamil Nadu in particular has more temples and shrines when compared to the Indian sub-continent. Temples provide much goodness to people at various levels. In short, it is remarkable that the temple is the epitome of architecture with the touch of aesthetics and religious arts developed by the Tamils. People started worshipping nature and folk deities in ancient times following Auvaiyar's saying, "Vaikal Thoorum Deivam Tozhu". In the early days, man worshipped natural trees as deitie

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Harriyadi, Harriyadi. "MAKNA RAGAM HIAS ŚAṄKHA BERSAYAP PADA CANDI HINDU DAN BUDDHA". PURBAWIDYA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Arkeologi 9, № 2 (2020): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24164/pw.v9i2.377.

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A temple is a religious building that used by Hindu and Buddhist devotees to do religious practices. The architectural form of temple is made to resemble a mountain as symbol of the gods’ house. Each decorative ornament carved in a temple represents the natural environment of heaven and it has meaning which was related with religious aspect. One of the most interesting decorative ornament carved in temple is the winged śaṅkha which usually was used as an attribute of deity. The goal of this research is to explain the meaning of winged śaṅkha ornament in temple. This research was conducted by c

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Branfoot, Crispin. "Remaking the past: Tamil sacred landscape and temple renovations." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 76, no. 1 (2013): 21–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x12001462.

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AbstractThis article explores the repeated renovation of south Indian temples over the past millennium and the conception of the Tamil temple-city. Though the requirement for renovation is unremarkable, some “renovations” have involved the wholesale replacement of the central shrine, in theory the most sacred part of the temple. Rather than explaining such radical rebuilding as a consequence of fourteenth-century iconoclasm, temple renovation is considered in this article as an ongoing process. Several periods of architectural reconstruction from the tenth to the early twentieth centuries demo

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H. B. Danuleksono, Samuel, and Rahadhian Prajudi Herwindo. "RELATION OF ANCIENT MATARAM TEMPLE BASED ON NORTH INDIA AND SOUTH INDIA’S CHARACTERISTICS: FROM THE FIGURE-TECTONICS, MASS-SPACE STUDY, AND ORNAMENTATION." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 5, no. 04 (2021): 334–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v5i04.5298.334-347.

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Abstract- Hinduism is a religion that was born in India and has developed rapidly into the archipelago with evidence of Sanskrit inscriptions and Pallava. The religion had a significant influence on Java which changed the political, economic, social and cultural life which at that time was still a kingdom. The arrival of Indians to Indonesia affected by the reverse flow between Indonesia and India and India and Indonesia. This can be seen by the presence of Indonesian dormitories in Nalanda (North India) and Nagapattinam (South India). The influence of North and South India can be seen from th

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Willis, Michael D. "Some Notes on the Palaces of the Imperial Gurjara Pratīhāras." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 5, no. 3 (1995): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300006611.

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The Gurjara Pratīhāras have long been recognised as the leading royal house of northern India during the ninth and tenth centuries. A considerable number of copper plate and stone inscriptions have survived from Pratīhāra times and these have provided the requisite data for a reconstruction of the dynasty's political and social history. Following conventions established in the Gupta period if not before, the copper-plates of the Pratīhāras record grants of villages or land, while stone inscriptions typically recount the building of temples and the provision of gifts to enshrined divinities. A

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Slaczka, Anna Aleksandra. "The brick structures of Go Thap – tombs or temples?" Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 31 (May 26, 2012): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/bippa.v31i0.10665.

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The 1980s and 1990s excavations of the archaeological site of Go Thap in the Mekong Delta resulted in unearthing a number of brick structures. In association with the structures precious objects were found, including over three hundred gold leaves. More than half of the gold leaves were decorated with pictures of men, gods, animals, weapons and auspicious objects, and some of them were inscribed. In addition to the precious objects, the structures were also reported to contain human ashes. In the first part of this paper, I will examine the objects closely, especially the gold leaves, discover

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Карлова, Евгения Михайловна. "ON SOME FEATURES OF JAIN ARCHITECTURE." ВОПРОСЫ ВСЕОБЩЕЙ ИСТОРИИ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ, no. 2(13) (June 5, 2020): 200–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.25995/niitiag.2020.13.2.009.

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Основной комплекс джайнских архитектурных памятников лежит в целом в контексте общеиндийской традиции, представляя собой симметрично-осевые храмы с расположенными друг за другом одной или несколькими мандапами и гарбха-грихой. Оформлены они обычно в едином стиле с памятниками соответствующей эпохи и локализации. Некоторые стандартные для индийского храмового строительства элементы в джайнских памятниках акцентируются или приобретают особое значение. В центральной и западной Индии в раннем Средневековье начинает складываться особый тип центричного джайнского храма - чатурмукха, который достигае

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Shrivastava, Saumya, Abir Bandyopadhyay, and Vandana Agrawal. "Regional Setting of Temples in Dakshina Kosala, India: Spatial Distribution and Connections." Architecture and Engineering 9, no. 1 (2024): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2024-9-1-17-28.

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Introduction: The region of Dakshina Kosala (also known as South Kosala) is mentioned in various ancient Indian texts. The exact geographical boundary has continuously changed over time, and today, only a rough estimate can be made of the Dakshina Kosala region, which approximately covers the northern and central parts of the present-day state of Chhattisgarh, along with the western part of the state of Odisha, India. Excavations and writings show that this was a prosperous region near central India, without any seaport, but with large markets, trade centers, and educational institutions. To a

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Aneesh, S. "The Pandya Dynasty: Scholars and Warriors." International Journal of History and Archaeology Research Studies (IJHARS) 2, no. 1 (2025): 15–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15152301.

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  The Pandya Dynasty, one of the earliest political entities in southern India, profoundly impacted the region's cultural, political, and artistic landscape. This article analyses the varied achievements of the dynasty, highlighting their influence during the Sangam period, a pivotal era for the evolution of Tamil identity and literature. It examines the integration of supernatural and political themes in the government and cultural expressions of the Pandya rulers, as illustrated in works like Cilapattikāram. The article highlights the dynasty's architectural achievements, including prom

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Kalla, Amit, and Kajal Thakuriya. "INTERDISCIPLINARY OUTLOOKS ON SHILPASHASTRAS: INTEGRATING ART, AESTHETICS AND SPIRITUALITY." ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 5, ICETDA24 (2024): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.iicetda24.2024.1333.

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This paper aims to explore the multidimensional possibilities of Shilpashastras, an ancient Indian recognised tradition about various disciplines - Shilpashastras, the ancient Indian texts on art, architecture, aesthetics and craftsmanship, represent an insightful source of knowledge that has significantly formed the cultural and artistic backdrop of the ancient India. Among these, Sangramansutradhara, Manasollas, Aparajitpreccha, Kashyapshilpshastra, shilpratnakar, 'Manasara Shilpa Shastra'etc. As an inclusive guide, investigating into the elaborate details of architectural and sculptural com

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Bhandari, Harveen, Prabhjot Kaur, and Aruna Ramani Grover. "The ongoing construction trends in Shaktipithas of Himachal Pradesh-symbols of living religious heritage." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.4 (2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.4.9029.

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Shaktipithas represent India’s rich cultural heritage. The continuity of functions at these sites further reinstates their significance as Living Religious Heritage. Their spiritual value is central to hundreds of millions of people who visit them every year. The growing population, boost in commerce, advancements in construction technology has impacted the construction trends in all spheres and typologies of architecture. Temples, the religious heritage of the country, are being widely affected by this new movement in architecture. These temples were built years ago using characteristic eleme

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MOHANTY, Rojalin, and Ansuman SAMAL. "The Study on Socio-Economic Impacts of Tourism in the Golden Triangle of Odisha." Theoretical and Practical Research in the Economic Fields 14, no. 1 (2023): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/tpref.v14.1(27).09.

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The Puri-Konark-Bhubaneswar “Golden Triangle” is not only Odisha's main draw but also has enormous potential as a tourist destination. Odisha, on India's eastern coast, is an auspicious Indian state with numerous opportunities and a wealth of sights to see. The state has many natural and cultural resources, such as its beaches, arts and crafts, temples and monuments, lakes, forests, and wildlife. Millions of worshippers from all over the world visit the temple of Lord Jagannath in Puribecause it is considered one of the holiest of holy dhams in India, alongside the Sun Temple at Konark, the so

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Veselickiy, Oleg Vladimirovich. "Ancient indian cave temple monuments as objects of unique environmental complexes." Interactive science, no. 5 (39) (May 27, 2019): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-496842.

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The article outlines the features of creating cave temple monuments in India. A comparative analysis of some aspects in the architectural traditions and building technologies of the temple architecture of Europe and India is given. The impact of construction technologies on the interior spaces, the interiors of temple complexes cut in rocks and integrated into integral systems of environmental complexes is affected.

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Buckee, Fiona. "Sixth-Century Miniature Valabhī Shrines from Southwest Bihar." Religions of South Asia 19, no. 1 (2025): 4–57. https://doi.org/10.1558/rosa.33541.

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This study introduces a largely undocumented collection of architectural and sculptural fragments from a village neighbouring Muṇḍeśvarī hill in Kaimūr District, southwest Bihar. It concentrates on a remarkable set of miniature, monolithic Valabhī shrines (North Indian temple types with barrel roofs and rectangular plans) from the second half of the sixth century. These shrine sculptures are architecturally sophisticated and host a varied cast of deities, including multiple images of Lakulīśa, making them an important new find for studies of Nāgara temple architecture and Pāśupata Śaivism duri

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Foekema, Gerard. "An Analysis of Indian Temple Architecture." Art History 33, no. 1 (2010): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8365.2009.00729.x.

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Nirmala, Chandrasekaran, Anand Dwarav, and Divya B.L. "Exploring the Ancient Temples of South India: A Review." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 07, no. 12 (2024): 8704–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14268115.

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Abstract : South India is home to some of the most exquisite and architecturally significant temples in the world, dating back to the Pallava, Chola, Pandya, and Vijayanagar dynasties. These temples not only serve as places of worship but also as repositories of art, culture, and history. This review explores the historical evolution of South Indian temples, their architectural marvels, and the religious and cultural significance they hold. Key architectural features, such as gopurams, vimanas, and intricately carved mandapas, reflect the ingenuity of ancient craftsmen and their alignment with

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